1.
1410s in art
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The decade of the 1410s in art involved some significant events. Across Europe, frescoes and tapestries are produced, C.1410, Starting point of the most celebrated decade in Hubert van Eycks activity. C.1410, John, Duke of Berry, commissions the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry,1416, Nanni di Banco, guild member of the Masters of Stone and Wood, installs his Four Crowned Martyr Saints at the Orsanmichele guild hall in Florence. 1418, Brunelleschi and Ghiberti submit plans for the dome of Florence Cathedral,1419, Brunelleschi designs the loggia of the Ospedale degli Innocenti in Florence. 1419, The marble Fonte Gaia in the Piazza del Campo of Siena is sculpted by Jacopo della Quercia and his figures of Rhea Silvia and Acca Larentia are the first two female nudes to stand in a public place since Antiquity. C.1410, Madonna of Zlatá Koruna painted, C.1410, Robert Campin paints The Entombment. 1410, Jan van Eyck paints Nativity, C.1410, Andrei Rublev paints his Christ the Redeemer icon. C. 1410-1420, Andrei Rublev paints his Trinity icon for the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius,1412, A painting of Democritus is made, it will be exhibited four centuries later, at the Northwestern Fair in Chicago on October 27,1863. C.1412, The Master of Boucicaut paints a Portrait of Charles VI of France,1413, In Florence, Lorenzo paints his masterpiece of the large Coronation for the high altar of his own Church of the Convent of Santa Maria degli Angeli, in Florence. 1413, Taddeo di Bartolo paints the vestibule of the chapel in Siena,1414, Lorenzo Monaco paints Coronation of the Virgin at the Church of the Convent of Santa Maria degli Angeli, in Florence. 1414 or 1418, Jan van Eyck paints Portrait of a Moorish King or Prince,1418, Matteo da Siena paints The Slaughter of the Innocents. 1418, In Lublin, the Gothic and Renaissance Chapel of the Holy Trinity is covered with Russo-Byzantine frescoes,1418, Giacomo Jaquerio paints frescoes in the chateau of Pinerolo. 1411-1413, Donatello completes St. Mark, Or San Michele, C. 1410-1414, Nanni di Banco, Four Saints, at Or San Michele, Florence. 1415-1417, Donatello creates St. George Tabernacle, Museo Nazionale del Bargello,1419, Jacopino da Tradate executes the statue of Pope Martin V for the Duomo of Milan. 1419, Jacopo della Quercia finishes the Fonte Gaia fountain in Piazza del Campo, at Siena
2.
1420s in art
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The decade of the 1420s in art involved some significant events. It is now kept at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York,1420, Giovanni di Paolo paints a tiny gold-ground triptych 1422, Masaccio - San Giovenale Triptych 1423, Gentile da Fabriano - Adoration of the Magi c. 1424, Masaccio - Virgin and Child with St. Museo dellOpera del Duomo, Florence 1425, Donatello - The Feast of Herod, baptismal font, Siena Cathedral 1424, Masolino sculpts his Pietà1423, Ghibertis sculpture of St. S
3.
1410s in architecture
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1410 In Prague, at the Old Town Hall, the Astronomical Clock is built. In Heidelberg, Germany, the Heiliggeistkirche is begun, but the nave takes until 1441 to complete, in Kościan, the monastery and Mary Magdalene and St Nicolas church are built, with the consent of the King of Poland Władysław Jagiełło. 1411 - In England, construction of the Guildhall, London, is begun,1412 - At Seoul in the Korean kingdom of Joseon, the original Changdeokgung palace is completed. 1413 - In Dubingiai, a new castle by Vytautas the Great is built. 1418 - Brunelleschi and Ghiberti submit plans for the dome of Florence Cathedral,1419 - Brunelleschi designs the loggia of the Ospedale degli Innocenti in Florence. 1411 - Jacques Coene, Flemish painter, illustrator and architect
4.
15th century in literature
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This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in the 15th century. See also, 15th century in poetry, 14th century in literature, 16th century in literature,1403 – A guild of stationers is founded in the City of London. As the Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers, it continues to be a Livery Company in the 21st century, 1403–08 – The Yongle Encyclopedia is written in China. 1408–11 – An Leabhar Breac is probably compiled by Murchadh Ó Cuindlis at Duniry in Ireland, C.1410 – John, Duke of Berry, commissions the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, illustrated by the Limbourg brothers between c.1412 and 1416. 1424 – The first French royal library is transferred by the English regent of France, John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford,1425 – At about this date the first Guildhall Library is established in the City of London under the will of Richard Whittington. 1434 – Japanese Noh actor and playwright Zeami Motokiyo is exiled to Sado Island by the Shogun,1443 – King Sejong the Great establishes Hangul as the native alphabet of the Korean language. It is first described in the Hunminjeongeum published on 9 October 14461444,15 June – Cosimo de Medici founds the Laurentian Library in Florence,1448 – Pope Nicholas V founds the Vatican Library in Rome. 1450 – Johannes Gutenberg has set up his movable type printing press as an operation in Mainz by this date. 14511 August – A manuscript of Dantes Divine Comedy is sold in London,1452 – Completion of the Malatestiana Library in Cesena, the first European public library, in the sense of belonging to the commune and open to all citizens. 1453 – Pageant of Coriolan staged in the piazza of Milan Cathedral,145523 February – Johannes Gutenberg completes printing of the Gutenberg Bible in Mainz, the first major book printed with movable type in the West, using a textualis blackletter typeface. 5 June – French poet François Villon is implicated in a murder, the Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi in Persia is known to be in existence. 1460 – From about this date, Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, begins to form the Bibliotheca Corviniana,1462,8 November – First known sentence written in the Albanian language, a Formula e pagëzimit by Archbishop Pal Engjëlli. Soon after this he prints the first known Biblia pauperum,1463,5 January – François Villon is reprieved from hanging in Paris but never heard of again. 146831 May – The Byzantine scholar Cardinal Basilios Bessarion donates his library to the Republic of Venice, the printers Johann and Wendelin of Speyer settle in Venice, their first book published here, Ciceros Epistolae ad familiares, appears in 1469. 1470 Johann Heynlin prints the first book in Paris, the Epistolae Gasparini of Gasparinus de Bergamo, nicolas Jensons edition of Eusebius, published in Venice, is the first book to use a roman type based on the principles of typography rather than manuscript. 1473 First book printed in Hungary, Chronica Hungarorum, the Buda Chronicle, First known printing in Poland, Almanach cracoviense ad annum 1474, a wall calendar. 1474 – First book printed in Spain, Obres e trobes en lahors de la Verge María, recuyell of the Historyes of Troye is the first book to be printed in English, by William Caxton in Bruges. Rashis commentary on the Torah is the first dated book to be printed in Hebrew,147630 January – Constantine Lascariss Erotemata is the first book to be printed entirely in Greek
5.
Fresco
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Fresco is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly-laid, or wet lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaster, the fresco technique has been employed since antiquity and is closely associated with Italian Renaissance painting. Buon fresco pigment mixed with water of temperature on a thin layer of wet, fresh plaster, for which the Italian word for plaster. Because of the makeup of the plaster, a binder is not required, as the pigment mixed solely with the water will sink into the intonaco. The pigment is absorbed by the wet plaster, after a number of hours, many artists sketched their compositions on this underlayer, which would never be seen, in a red pigment called sinopia, a name also used to refer to these under-paintings. Later, new techniques for transferring paper drawings to the wall were developed. The main lines of a drawing made on paper were pricked over with a point, the paper held against the wall, if the painting was to be done over an existing fresco, the surface would be roughened to provide better adhesion. This area is called the giornata, and the different day stages can usually be seen in a large fresco, buon frescoes are difficult to create because of the deadline associated with the drying plaster. Once a giornata is dried, no more buon fresco can be done, if mistakes have been made, it may also be necessary to remove the whole intonaco for that area—or to change them later, a secco. An indispensable component of this process is the carbonatation of the lime, the eyes of the people of the School of Athens are sunken-in using this technique which causes the eyes to seem deeper and more pensive. Michelangelo used this technique as part of his trademark outlining of his central figures within his frescoes, in a wall-sized fresco, there may be ten to twenty or even more giornate, or separate areas of plaster. After five centuries, the giornate, which were nearly invisible, have sometimes become visible, and in many large-scale frescoes. Additionally, the border between giornate was often covered by an a secco painting, which has fallen off. One of the first painters in the period to use this technique was the Isaac Master in the Upper Basilica of Saint Francis in Assisi. A person who creates fresco is called a frescoist, a secco or fresco-secco painting is done on dry plaster. The pigments thus require a medium, such as egg. Blue was a problem, and skies and blue robes were often added a secco, because neither azurite blue nor lapis lazuli. By the end of the century this had largely displaced buon fresco
6.
Tapestry
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Tapestry is a form of textile art, traditionally woven on a vertical loom. Tapestry is weft-faced weaving, in all the warp threads are hidden in the completed work. In tapestry weaving, weft yarns are typically discontinuous, the artisan interlaces each coloured weft back and it is a plain weft-faced weave having weft threads of different colours worked over portions of the warp to form the design. Most weavers use a warp thread, such as linen or cotton. The weft threads are usually wool or cotton, but may include silk, gold, silver, the earliest attested form of the word is the Mycenaean Greek
7.
Hubert van Eyck
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Hubert van Eyck was an Early Netherlandish painter and older brother of Jan van Eyck, as well as Lambert and Margareta, also painters. He was probably born in Maaseik, in what is now the Belgian province of Limburg, into a family in the gentry. As the name was not a common one, he is probably the Magister Hubertus, pictor recorded as having been paid in 1409 for panels in the church of Onze Lieve Vrouwe. Around the time of his settlement, or shortly afterwards, he began his only surviving documented work, modern scientific investigation reveals various changes between the finished work and the lower painted levels and the underdrawing. Today the inscription is regarded as an overgenerous fraternal tribute. The town magistrates of Ghent visited his workshop in 1425, the city had commissioned two designs for a painting from him and his heirs paid taxes relating to properties in Ghent. A copper inscription recording his date of death was engraved on the tombstone, according to a tradition from the 16th century, his arm was preserved as a relic in a casket above the portal of Saint Bavo of Ghent. Van Vaernewijck also records the tradition that Jan van Eyck was trained by his brother, though when Jan is first documented in August 1422 he was already a master. Drawings in the Albertina, Vienna of the Apostles have been attributed to him, a Diptych by Hubert van Eyck. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, Volume 28, No, 184–193 van Buren, Anne Hagopian, Eyck, van and Eyck, Hubert van. Grove Art Online, Oxford Art Online, Oxford University Press, accessed 9 Dec.2012, online Harbison, Craig, Jan van Eyck, The Play of Realism, Reaktion Books, London,1991, ISBN0948462183 Snyder, James. Northern Renaissance Art,1985, Harry N
