1.
1410s in art
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The decade of the 1410s in art involved some significant events. Across Europe, frescoes and tapestries are produced, C.1410, Starting point of the most celebrated decade in Hubert van Eycks activity. C.1410, John, Duke of Berry, commissions the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry,1416, Nanni di Banco, guild member of the Masters of Stone and Wood, installs his Four Crowned Martyr Saints at the Orsanmichele guild hall in Florence. 1418, Brunelleschi and Ghiberti submit plans for the dome of Florence Cathedral,1419, Brunelleschi designs the loggia of the Ospedale degli Innocenti in Florence. 1419, The marble Fonte Gaia in the Piazza del Campo of Siena is sculpted by Jacopo della Quercia and his figures of Rhea Silvia and Acca Larentia are the first two female nudes to stand in a public place since Antiquity. C.1410, Madonna of Zlatá Koruna painted, C.1410, Robert Campin paints The Entombment. 1410, Jan van Eyck paints Nativity, C.1410, Andrei Rublev paints his Christ the Redeemer icon. C. 1410-1420, Andrei Rublev paints his Trinity icon for the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius,1412, A painting of Democritus is made, it will be exhibited four centuries later, at the Northwestern Fair in Chicago on October 27,1863. C.1412, The Master of Boucicaut paints a Portrait of Charles VI of France,1413, In Florence, Lorenzo paints his masterpiece of the large Coronation for the high altar of his own Church of the Convent of Santa Maria degli Angeli, in Florence. 1413, Taddeo di Bartolo paints the vestibule of the chapel in Siena,1414, Lorenzo Monaco paints Coronation of the Virgin at the Church of the Convent of Santa Maria degli Angeli, in Florence. 1414 or 1418, Jan van Eyck paints Portrait of a Moorish King or Prince,1418, Matteo da Siena paints The Slaughter of the Innocents. 1418, In Lublin, the Gothic and Renaissance Chapel of the Holy Trinity is covered with Russo-Byzantine frescoes,1418, Giacomo Jaquerio paints frescoes in the chateau of Pinerolo. 1411-1413, Donatello completes St. Mark, Or San Michele, C. 1410-1414, Nanni di Banco, Four Saints, at Or San Michele, Florence. 1415-1417, Donatello creates St. George Tabernacle, Museo Nazionale del Bargello,1419, Jacopino da Tradate executes the statue of Pope Martin V for the Duomo of Milan. 1419, Jacopo della Quercia finishes the Fonte Gaia fountain in Piazza del Campo, at Siena
2.
1420s in art
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The decade of the 1420s in art involved some significant events. It is now kept at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York,1420, Giovanni di Paolo paints a tiny gold-ground triptych 1422, Masaccio - San Giovenale Triptych 1423, Gentile da Fabriano - Adoration of the Magi c. 1424, Masaccio - Virgin and Child with St. Museo dellOpera del Duomo, Florence 1425, Donatello - The Feast of Herod, baptismal font, Siena Cathedral 1424, Masolino sculpts his Pietà1423, Ghibertis sculpture of St. S
3.
1430s in art
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The decade of the 1430s in art involved some significant events. 1430, Considered end of Medieval art art period,1430, First use of optical methods in the creation of art. 1430s, The engraver known as the Master of the Playing Cards becomes active in south-western Germany,1435, Leon Battista Alberti writes Della Pittura. 1438-1440, Donatello completes his series of sculptures for the Cathedral of Prato
4.
1420s in architecture
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1417–1420 – Ulugh Beg Madrasah in Samarkand is built. 1419–1427 – Ospedale degli Innocenti in Florence, designed by Filippo Brunelleschi,1420 Khan Jaqmaq, Damascus, is completed. Forbidden City of Beijing, China, is completed, temple of Heaven in Beijing is completed. 1421 – Traditional foundation date of Larabanga Mosque in northern Ghana,1424 – Start of final stage of construction of Doges Palace, Venice. 1425 – Rebuilding of Sherborne Abbey choir, England, begins, 1428–1430 – Ca dOro, Venice, built by Giovanni and his son Bartolomeo Bon for the Contarini family of doges. 1427 – Harmondsworth Great Barn in England is completed,1428 – Church of SantAgostino, Amatrice, Kingdom of Naples, is built. 1429 – Ulugh Beg Observatory in Samarkand is completed, C.1429 – Guiniforte Solari, Milanese engineer, architect and sculptor
5.
15th century in literature
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This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in the 15th century. See also, 15th century in poetry, 14th century in literature, 16th century in literature,1403 – A guild of stationers is founded in the City of London. As the Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers, it continues to be a Livery Company in the 21st century, 1403–08 – The Yongle Encyclopedia is written in China. 1408–11 – An Leabhar Breac is probably compiled by Murchadh Ó Cuindlis at Duniry in Ireland, C.1410 – John, Duke of Berry, commissions the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, illustrated by the Limbourg brothers between c.1412 and 1416. 1424 – The first French royal library is transferred by the English regent of France, John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford,1425 – At about this date the first Guildhall Library is established in the City of London under the will of Richard Whittington. 1434 – Japanese Noh actor and playwright Zeami Motokiyo is exiled to Sado Island by the Shogun,1443 – King Sejong the Great establishes Hangul as the native alphabet of the Korean language. It is first described in the Hunminjeongeum published on 9 October 14461444,15 June – Cosimo de Medici founds the Laurentian Library in Florence,1448 – Pope Nicholas V founds the Vatican Library in Rome. 1450 – Johannes Gutenberg has set up his movable type printing press as an operation in Mainz by this date. 14511 August – A manuscript of Dantes Divine Comedy is sold in London,1452 – Completion of the Malatestiana Library in Cesena, the first European public library, in the sense of belonging to the commune and open to all citizens. 1453 – Pageant of Coriolan staged in the piazza of Milan Cathedral,145523 February – Johannes Gutenberg completes printing of the Gutenberg Bible in Mainz, the first major book printed with movable type in the West, using a textualis blackletter typeface. 5 June – French poet François Villon is implicated in a murder, the Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi in Persia is known to be in existence. 1460 – From about this date, Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, begins to form the Bibliotheca Corviniana,1462,8 November – First known sentence written in the Albanian language, a Formula e pagëzimit by Archbishop Pal Engjëlli. Soon after this he prints the first known Biblia pauperum,1463,5 January – François Villon is reprieved from hanging in Paris but never heard of again. 146831 May – The Byzantine scholar Cardinal Basilios Bessarion donates his library to the Republic of Venice, the printers Johann and Wendelin of Speyer settle in Venice, their first book published here, Ciceros Epistolae ad familiares, appears in 1469. 1470 Johann Heynlin prints the first book in Paris, the Epistolae Gasparini of Gasparinus de Bergamo, nicolas Jensons edition of Eusebius, published in Venice, is the first book to use a roman type based on the principles of typography rather than manuscript. 1473 First book printed in Hungary, Chronica Hungarorum, the Buda Chronicle, First known printing in Poland, Almanach cracoviense ad annum 1474, a wall calendar. 1474 – First book printed in Spain, Obres e trobes en lahors de la Verge María, recuyell of the Historyes of Troye is the first book to be printed in English, by William Caxton in Bruges. Rashis commentary on the Torah is the first dated book to be printed in Hebrew,147630 January – Constantine Lascariss Erotemata is the first book to be printed entirely in Greek
6.
Masaccio
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Masaccio, born Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone, was the first great Italian painter of the Quattrocento period of the Italian Renaissance. Masaccio died at twenty-six and little is known about the circumstances of his death. The name Masaccio is a version of Maso, meaning clumsy or messy Tom. The name may have created to distinguish him from his principal collaborator, also called Maso. Despite his brief career, he had a influence on other artists. He was one of the first to use linear perspective in his painting, employing techniques such as vanishing point in art for the first time, Masaccio was born to Giovanni di Simone Cassai and Jacopa di Martinozzo in Castel San Giovanni di Altura, now San Giovanni Valdarno. His father was a notary and his mother the daughter of an innkeeper of Barberino di Mugello and his family name, Cassai, comes from the trade of his paternal grandfather Simone and granduncle Lorenzo, who were carpenters/cabinet makers. Masaccios father died in 1406, when he was five, later that same year a brother was born. He also was to become a painter, with the nickname of lo Scheggia meaning the splinter, there is no evidence for Masaccios artistic education, however Renaissance painters traditionally began an apprenticeship with an established master around the age of 12. Johannis Simonis pictor populi S. Nicholae de Florentia, the first works attributed to Masaccio are the San Giovenale Triptych, now in the Museum of Cascia di Reggello near Florence, and the Virgin and Child with Saint Anne at the Uffizi. The San Giovenale altarpiece was discovered in 1961 in the church of San Giovenale at Cascia di Reggello and it depicts the Virgin and Child with angels in the central panel, Sts. Bartholomew and Blaise on the panel, and Sts. Juvenal and Anthony Abbot in the right panel, the painting has lost much of its original framing, and its surface is badly abraded. The second work was perhaps Masaccios first collaboration with the older and already-renowned artist, Masolino is believed to have painted the figure of St. Anne and the angels that hold the cloth of honor behind her, while Masaccio painted the more important Virgin and Child on their throne. Masolinos figures are delicate, graceful and somewhat flat, while Masaccios are solid, in Florence, Masaccio could study the works of Giotto and become friends with Brunelleschi and Donatello. It was destroyed when the cloister was rebuilt at the end of the 16th century. With the two artists probably working simultaneously, the painting began around 1425, but for reasons the chapel was left unfinished. As a whole the frescoes represent human sin and its redemption through the actions of Peter, the style of Masaccios scenes shows the influence of Giotto especially
7.
Altarpiece
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An altarpiece is an artwork such as a painting, sculpture or relief representing a religious subject made for placing behind the altar of a Christian church. Altarpieces were one of the most important products of Christian art especially from the late Middle Ages to the era of the Counter-Reformation. Large number of altarpieces are now removed from their settings, and often their elaborate sculpted frameworks. Altarpieces seem to have begun to be used during the 11th century, the reasons and forces that led to the development of altarpieces are not generally agreed upon. The habit of placing decorated reliquaries of saints on or behind the altar, as well as the tradition of decorating the front of the altar with sculptures or textiles, an elaborate example of such an early altarpiece is the Pala dOro in Venice. The appearance and development of these first altarpieces marked an important turning point both in the history of Christian art and Christian religious practice, the autonomous image now assumed a legitimate position at the centre of Christian worship. Painted panel altars emerged in Italy during the 13th century, in the 13th century, it is not uncommon to find frescoed or mural altarpieces in Italy, mural paintings behind the altar function as visual complements for the liturgy. These altarpieces were influenced by Byzantine art, notably icons, which reached Western Europe in greater numbers following the conquest of Constantinople in 1204. During this time, altarpieces began to be decorated with an outer. Vigoroso da Sienas altarpiece from 1291 display such an altarpiece and this treatment of the altarpiece would eventually pave the way for the emergence, in the 14th century, of the polyptych. The sculpted elements in the emerging polyptychs often took inspiration from contemporary Gothic architecture, in Italy, they were still typically executed in wood and painted, while in northern Europe altarpieces were often made of stone. The early 14th century saw the emergence, in Germany, the Netherlands, Scandinavia, the Baltic region, by hinging the outer panels to the central panel and painting them on both sides, the motif could be regulated by opening or closing the wings. The pictures could thus be changed depending on liturgical demands, the earliest often displayed sculptures on the inner panels, i. e. displayed when open, and paintings on the back of the wings, displayed when closed. With the advent of winged altarpieces, a shift in imagery also occurred, instead of being centred on a single holy figure, altarpieces began to portray more complex narratives linked to the Christian concept of salvation. As the Middle Ages progressed, altarpieces began to be commissioned more frequently, in Northern Europe, initially Lübeck and later Antwerp would develop into veritable export centres for the production of altarpieces, exporting to Scandinavia, Spain and northern France. By the 15th century, altarpieces were often commissioned not only by churches but also by individuals, families, guilds, the 15th century saw the birth of Early Netherlandish painting in the Low Countries, henceforth panel painting would dominate altarpiece production in the area. In Germany, sculpted wooden altarpieces were instead generally preferred, while in England alabaster was used to a large extent, in England, as well as in France, stone retables enjoyed general popularity. In Italy both stone retables and wooden polyptychs were common, with painted panels and often with complex framing in the form of architectural compositions
8.
Santa Maria del Carmine, Pisa
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Santa Maria del Carmine is a church in Pisa, Italy. The church was built for the Carmelite order in 1324-1328. By 1425, it was decorated with a famed, now dispersed, only one table of the altar remains in Pisa in the National Museum of San Matteo. The church itself underwent many reconstructions across the centuries, the present simple façade was designed by Alessandro Gherardesca, in the 1830s. The interior has an organ by Andrea Ravani made in 1613, and an altar painting by Baccio Lomi, Aurelio Lomi, Santi di Tito, Alessandro Allori, Francesco Curradi. Madonna and Child Enthroned, now in National Gallery of London, Crucifixion, now in Museo di Capodimonte in Naples. St. Paul, now in Museo Nazionale di San Matteo of Pisa, St. Andrew, now in Getty Museum of Los Angeles. St. Augustine, now in the Staatliche Museen of Berlin, St. Jerome, now in the Staatliche Museen of Berlin. Two Carmelite Saints, now in the Staatliche Museen of Berlin Martyrdom of St. John the Baptist and Crucifixion of St Peter, stories of St. Julian and St. Nicholas, now in the Staatliche Museen of Berlin. Adoration of the Magi, now in the Staatliche Museen of Berlin
