1.
Muni Metro
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Muni Metro is a light rail/streetcar hybrid system serving San Francisco, California, operated by the San Francisco Municipal Railway, a division of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. With an average ridership of 128,500 passengers as of the fourth quarter of 2014. Muni Metro operates a fleet of 151 light rail vehicles made by Breda, Muni Metro is the modern incarnation of the traditional streetcar system that had served San Francisco since the late 19th century. Recently, the system has undergone expansion, most notably the Third Street Light Rail Project, completed in 2007, other projects, such as the Central Subway, are underway. Muni Metro descended from the traditional streetcar system started on December 28,1912. The first streetcar line, the A Geary, ran from Kearny and Market Streets in the Financial District to Fulton Street, the system slowly expanded, opening the Twin Peaks Tunnel in 1917, allowing streetcars to run to the southwestern quadrant of the city. By 1921, the city was operating 304 miles of trolley lines and 25 miles of cable car lines. The last line to service before 2007 was the N Judah. However, five heavily used streetcar lines traveled for at least part of their routes through tunnels or otherwise reserved right-of-way, as a result, these lines, running PCC streetcars, continued in operation. The new tunnel would be connected to the existing Twin Peaks Tunnel, the new underground stations would feature high platforms, and the older stations would be retrofitted with the same, which meant that the PCCs could not be used in them. Hence, a fleet of new rail vehicles was ordered from Boeing-Vertol. The K and M lines were extended to Balboa Park during this time, on February 18,1980, the Muni Metro was officially inaugurated, with weekday N line service in the subway. The Metro service was implemented in phases, and the subway was served only on weekdays until 1982. The K Ingleside line began using the Metro subway on weekdays on June 11,1980, the L Taraval and M Ocean View lines on December 17,1980, and lastly the J Church line on June 17,1981. Meanwhile, weekend service on all five lines continued to use PCC cars operating on the surface of Market Street through to the Transbay Terminal, finally, on November 20,1982, the Muni Metro subway began operating seven days a week. At the time, there were no plans to revive any service on the surface of Market Street or return PCCs to regular running. However, tracks were rehabilitated for the 1983 Historic Trolley Festival, Muni criticism had been something of a feature of life in San Francisco, and not without reason. The Boeing trains were sub-par and grew crowded quickly, Muni did take steps to address these problems
2.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
3.
San Francisco Municipal Railway
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The San Francisco Municipal Railway is the public transit system for the city and county of San Francisco, California. In 2006, it served 46.7 square miles with an budget of about $700 million. In ridership Muni is the seventh largest transit system in the United States, with 210,848,310 rides in 2006 and the second largest in California behind Metro in Los Angeles. With a fleet average speed of 8.1 mph, it is the slowest major urban transit system in America and one of the most expensive to operate, costing $19.21 per mile per bus and $24.37 per mile per train. However, it has more boardings per mile and more vehicles in operation than similar transit agencies, many weekday riders are commuters, as the daytime weekday population in San Francisco exceeds its normal residential population. Muni shares four metro stations with BART, on weekends, most Muni bus lines are scheduled to run every ten to twenty minutes. However, complaints of unreliability, especially on less-often-served lines and older lines, are a system-wide problem. Muni has had difficulty meeting a stated goal of 85% voter-demanded on-time service. Most intercity connections are provided by BART and Caltrain heavy rail, AC Transit buses at the Transbay Terminal, 70% of stops are spaced closer than recommended range of 800–1,000 feet apart. Muni is short for the Municipal in San Francisco Municipal Railway and is not an acronym, thus, the Muni metro is often called the train or the streetcar. Most San Francisco natives use Muni when speaking about the system in general, the E Embarcadero and F Market & Wharves lines are referred to by Muni as a historic streetcar line rather than as a heritage railway. Munis logo is a stylized, trademarked worm version of the word muni and this logo was designed by San Francisco-based graphic designer Walter Landor in the mid-1970s. Bus and trolleybus lines have number designations, rail lines have letters, except for cable cars, cash fares are $2.50 for adults, $1. Clipper card fares are $2.25 for adults and $1 for seniors, youth, proof-of-payment, which fare inspectors may demand at any time, is either a Clipper card, Muni Passport, or paper transfer. One fare entitles a rider to unlimited vehicle transfers for the next 90 to 120 minutes, cable cars are $7 one way, with no transfers unless the rider has a Muni Passport or Fast Pass. As of September 2014 monthly passes cost $70 for adults, $35 for low-income residents, or $24 for youth, seniors, passes are valid on all Muni lines—including cable cars—and the $83 adult Fast Pass allows BART transit entirely within San Francisco. Other passes and stickers are valid on all Muni lines, including cable cars, cable car fare is $7 per trip, with no transfers issued or accepted. Muni has implemented a smart card payment system known as Clipper
4.
L Taraval
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The line commenced operation in 1919 and incorporated a previous streetcar line which had opened in about 1907, 20th Avenue – 30th Avenue. It was extended along Taraval to 48th in 1923, and subsequently extended south to the San Francisco Zoo, the L was partially converted to modern light rail operation as part of the opening of the Muni Metro system in 1980. While many streetcar lines were converted to buses after World War II, the L Taraval Rapid project was conceived to increase pedestrian safety and speed up trains. Nine stops will be eliminated, the roadway upon which the track is laid will be repainted as a transit-only lane, stop elimination occurred on February 25,2017. The line runs from the Embarcadero Station in the Financial District to the 46th Avenue and Wawona Street, the downtown portion of the line runs in the Market Street Subway, which is shared with six other Muni Metro lines. It continues through the much older Twin Peaks Tunnel, shared by the K Ingleside and M Ocean View lines, once out of the tunnel, the L begins street running operation. It takes Ulloa Street to 15th Avenue and then turns west onto Taraval Street and it then follows Taraval to 46th Avenue, where it turns south towards the Zoo. The end of the loops around Vicente, 47th Avenue. Tracks on Taraval Street extend west from 46th Avenue to 48th Avenue/Great Highway, however, chartered streetcars and LRVs can operate there if requested. The L Taraval line stops at stations for the downtown section of the route. Muni bus routes provide service to all stations and other systems with access to the stations are noted, the L Taraval operates 7 days a week, primarily with train service beginning at 5 a. m. weekdays,6 a. m. Sundays and running until 12,30 a. m, frequency headways range from 7 to 10 minutes during the day, and 15 to 20 during nighttime service. Late-night service is provided by the L Owl diesel bus line and this line is generally the same as the daytime L Taraval line, except it follows surface streets instead of going through the streetcar-only Market Street Subway and Twin Peaks Tunnel. West of Castro Street, it turns south on Market Street and it follows Portola between the Diamond Heights neighborhood and Twin Peaks, turns onto Woodside and then Laguna Honda Boulevard, where it loops around at Forest Hill Station. It then backtracks on Laguna Honda Boulevard, Dewey, Claremont and Ulloa to West Portal Station, inbound to outbound Muni Metro and San Francisco rail map L Taraval route information from the SF Muni Map Project
5.
Embarcadero station
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Embarcadero is a BART and Muni Metro station in the Financial District of San Francisco. The easternmost stop on the Market Street Subway, Embarcadero acts as a hub for passenger movement throughout the San Francisco Bay Area. With 45,460 exits each weekday in 2015, Embarcadero is the busiest station in the BART system and it is the first stop in San Francisco for BART trains after crossing through the Transbay Tube from West Oakland. This station was a station, opening in May 1976. The Ferry Building, Embarcadero Center, Transbay Terminal and the end of the California Street cable car line are all located near Embarcadero station. Service at this station began on May 27,1976, three years after the other San Francisco stations, the station was not part of the original plans for the system. As a result of increasing development in the lower Market Street area, the later opening resulted in the Embarcadero station having a much different design than the other three Market Street stations. The station was designed by chief BART architect Tallie Maule and Hertzka & Knowles & Associates in collaboration with Parsons Brinckerhoff, Tudor Construction, and Bechtel. Embarcadero originally was the terminus for all of the Muni Metro lines, service along that extension was originally provided by the E Embarcadero line, which ran between Embarcadero Station and the Caltrain station. The N Judah line was extended along the new extension to replace the E line. On April 7,2007, the T Third Street line replaced the N line along this route, since at least 1992 the station was serenaded by the Jazz Man Ronald Brewington. He would play saxophone for commuters and entertain them with conversation, for Christmas Brewington would give out Christmas cards to passengers stating You are my Carnegie Hall. He claimed his name was Garrick Sherrod, however that was an identity he had stolen, the Jazz Man was actually a fugitive from Albuquerque facing capital murder charges stemming from the 1987 murder of his wife Diedre. He was arrested at a BART station in 2012 and extradited to New Mexico, in 2013, he pleaded guilty to the murder and was sentenced to 16 years in prison. Like all stations in the Market Street Subway, Embarcadero has a tri-level configuration, passengers first descend to a mezzanine concourse containing faregates for passengers to enter separate BART and Muni paid areas, with one Muni entrance in the middle, flanked by two BART entrances. Below, there are two platforms, one on the second level down for Muni trains, and another below the Muni platform for BART trains. There are numerous local and express Muni bus lines stopping at this station. The Temporary Transbay Terminal is a walk from the station, at Howard & Beale Streets, with Greyhound, Samtrans, SolTrans, AC Transit, WestCAT
6.
Light rail
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Light rail, light rail transit or fast tram is urban public transport using rolling stock similar to a tramway, but operating at a higher capacity, and often on an exclusive right-of-way. A few light rail networks tend to have closer to rapid transit or even commuter rail. Other light rail networks are tram-like in nature and partially operate on streets, Light rail systems are found throughout the world, on all inhabited continents. They have been popular in recent years due to their lower capital costs. The term light rail was coined in 1972 by the U. S, Urban Mass Transportation Administration to describe new streetcar transformations that were taking place in Europe and the United States. In Germany the term Stadtbahn was used to describe the concept, and many in UMTA wanted to adopt the direct translation, however, UMTA finally adopted the term light rail instead. Light in this context is used in the sense of intended for light loads and fast movement, the infrastructure investment is also usually lighter than would be found for a heavy rail system. The Transportation Research Board defined light rail in 1977 as a mode of urban transportation utilizing predominantly reserved, electrically propelled rail vehicles operate singly or in trains. LRT provides a range of passenger capabilities and performance characteristics at moderate costs. Light rail is a generic international English phrase for these types of rail systems, the use of the generic term light rail avoids some serious incompatibilities between British and American English. The word trolley is used as a synonym for streetcar in the United States. A further difference arose because, while Britain abandoned all of its trams except Blackpool after World War II, when these cities upgraded to new technology, they called it light rail to differentiate it from their existing streetcars since some continued to operate both the old and new systems. Conventional rail technologies including high-speed, freight, commuter/regional, and metro/subway/elevated urban transit systems are considered heavy rail, people movers and personal rapid transit are even lighter, at least in terms of capacity. Monorail is a technology that has been more successful in specialized services than in a commuter transit role. Due to varying definitions, it is hard to distinguish between what is called light rail, and other forms of urban and commuter rail, a system described as light rail in one city may be considered to be a streetcar or tram system in another. Conversely, some lines that are called light rail are in very similar to rapid transit, in recent years. Some light rail systems, such as Sprinter, bear little similarity to urban rail, in the United States, light rail has become a catch-all term to describe a wide variety of passenger rail systems. There is a significant difference in cost between these different classes of light rail transit, tram-like systems are often less expensive than metro-like systems by a factor of two or more
7.
Neighborhoods in San Francisco
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San Francisco, California, has both major, well-known neighborhoods and districts as well as smaller, specific subsections and developments. While there is considerable fluidity among the sources, one guidebook identifies five major districts and these five broad districts, counterclockwise are, Central/downtown, Richmond, Sunset, Upper Market and beyond and Bernal Heights/Bayview and beyond. Within each of five districts are located major neighborhoods. The San Francisco Planning Department officially identifies 36 neighborhoods, a group of researchers at Theory. org did a study of classified advertising of housing rentals to extract neighborhood names in the vernacular, and identified 40 neighborhood names in common use. Within these 36 official neighborhoods are a number of minor districts, some of which are historical. Alamo Square is a subset of the Western Addition neighborhood and its boundaries are not well-defined, but are generally considered to be Webster Street on the east, Golden Gate Avenue on the north, Divisadero Street on the west, and Oak Street on the south. It is characterized by Victorian architecture that was largely untouched by the urban renewal projects in other parts of the Western Addition. On a clear day, the Transamerica Pyramid building and the tops of the Golden Gate Bridge, San Franciscos City Hall can be seen directly down Fulton Street. A row of Victorian houses facing the park on Steiner Street, Ashbury Heights is a neighborhood on the hill to the south of the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood. The Bayview stretches along Third Street south of Evans Avenue, west of the Hunters Point neighborhood, the neighborhood library was recently renamed the Linda Brooks-Burton Branch Library after a new and larger building was constructed at the same location on Third Street and Revere. Within a block or two of the library are three gardens and public art projects, developed entirely by residents, known as the Quesada Gardens Initiative. During the 1950s it was largely a Maltese and Italian neighborhood, centered on St. Paul of the Shipwreck Church, the area is served by the T-Third light rail line, and is home to the Bayview Opera House and City College Evans and Southeast Campus. The area is undergoing development as the City tries to meet the demands of population growth. Hunters Point Shipyard and Candlestick Park areas are centers of development in the neighborhood. Despite its diversity, residents have a history of coming together to create change. Hunters Point Shipyard, a former Super-Fund site, and a power plant have been focal points for environmental activists. Sam Jordan, boxing champion and tavern owner, was the first African American to run for Mayor of San Francisco, a small neighborhood near the Financial District, being the historical location of the French Quarter in San Francisco. Bernal Heights is a neighborhood perched on a hill in between the Mission district, Bayview, and the Portola district, the neighborhood is known for its community feeling and progressive vibe
8.
San Francisco
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
9.
Bus bulb
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With bus bulbs or boarders, a bus can stay in its traffic lane to discharge and pick up passengers, instead of having to pull over to the curb. The term bus bulb is prevalent in North American usage, whilst bus boarder or bus border is used elsewhere, the protrusion also facilitates easier full length alignment of a bus entrance with a raised kerb stop, especially to allow level boarding in the case of low-floor buses. Bus bulbs also retain more parking when compared to a bus stop located in a lane, as a bus stop so located requires run-in. The main drawback is for cyclists, the narrowing of the road can create danger for cyclists if the design does not take their needs into account. Some tram or streetcar systems use similar bulbs, such as the Brussels tram network, the first bulbs along Roncesvalles Avenue also accommodate cyclists as the bike lane running parallel to the streetcar tracks would gently rise up from the road level to run on top of the bumpout. When the streetcar is boarding, cyclists have to stop behind the line to allow riders on. There are three expected goals for these bulbs, Prevent vehicles from parking in front of streetcar stops, increase standing room on the often restricted sidewalks at stop locations in some of the densest regions of the city. Improve safety for passengers boarding and alighting at these stops, unmodified stops require passengers to step into traffic to board/alight, the safety concerns are mostly with regard to drivers who are inexperienced at driving among streetcars in mixed traffic. Streetcar bulbs may also be beneficial at higher-capacity stops along other streetcar routes, and may be rolled out in conjunction with longer streetcars on the route
10.
San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency
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The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency is an agency created by consolidation of the San Francisco Municipal Railway, the Department of Parking and Traffic, and the Taxicab Commission. SFMTA was established by the passage of Proposition E in November 1999, the measure, promoted by the transit riders group Rescue Muni, among others, established service standards for the agency and made a number of changes to the laws governing it. Prior to the passage of Proposition E, the Muni was governed by the Public Transportation Commission, both bodies were dissolved upon the full implementation of Proposition E. Board members are limited to three terms. The SFMTA Board of Directors is responsible for, among other things, at its inception, the SFMTAs Director of Transportation was Michael T. Burns. On July 15,2005 he left the SFMTA for a position with Santa Clara VTA, ford, Sr. previously the general manager and CEO of MARTA in Atlanta, took over as the new executive director. Johnson would take over as acting director until a permanent replacement was selected by the SFMTA Board. The board selected Edward D. Reiskin, the head of the San Francisco Department of Public Works, as the permanent executive director, the first chair of the SFMTA Board of Directors was H. Welton Flynn, he was succeeded by Cleopatra Vaughns. When Vaughns left the board, James McCray, Jr. was elected chairman, like two of his then-colleagues, McCray previously served on the Parking and Traffic Commission, which was abolished when the department merged into the SFMTA. The Board of Supervisors rejected Stern by a 7–4 vote on September 27,2005, Stern was an official with the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. Proposition E also established a 15-member SFMTA Citizens Advisory Council which must review the agencys budget, the mayor appoints four members of the SFMTA Citizens Advisory Council and each member of the Board of Supervisors appoints one. Proposition E allowed for the SFMTA to take over the functions of the Taxicab Commission, in 2009, the agency did so, as a result of legislation passed by the Board of Supervisors and signed by the mayor. In November 2005, the voters of San Francisco rejected, by a margin of 35%–65%, in November 2016 San Francisco voters rejected by 45%–55% a second ballot measure that would have split appointments between the mayor and the Board of Supervisors. The measure would also have made it easier for the supervisors to reject the SFMTA budget. In November 2016, The SFMTA was hit by hackers, using ransomware, demanding $70,000 in bitcoins, with fare machines reading “OUT OF SERVICE”, in February 2006, the MTA Board adopted a resolution adding CEO to the title. When Edward D. Reiskin took office in 2011, he opted to use only the official title. * Although the city charter specifies that the MTA Board shall have a chair, Flynn, Vaughns, McCray, and Nolan have all opted for the style chairman
11.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
12.
J Church
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The J Church is a Muni Metro light rail line in San Francisco, California, mainly serving the Noe Valley and Balboa Park neighborhoods, connecting them to downtown. It began as one of San Franciscos streetcar lines in 1917, buses cannot negotiate the grades, and the right-of-way is too narrow to accommodate anything wider than the streetcar tracks. The line runs from Embarcadero Station in the Financial District to Balboa Park Station, the downtown portion of the line uses the Market Street Subway, along with four other Muni Metro lines. The J exits the tunnel at Duboce Avenue along with the N Judah, between 18th and 20th Street, the line cuts through Dolores Park in a private right-of-way featuring a 9% grade, the steepest section of the Muni Metro. After crossing 20th Street, it cuts across the blocks east of Church, around a steep hill, the J then follows Church to 30th Street, then to San Jose Avenue and Geneva. Between Randall and Cotter Streets, there is a right-of-way in the middle of San Jose Avenue, at the end of the line, the J loops around the Metro yard at San Jose and Geneva, alongside Balboa Park Station. The J Church line stops at stations for the downtown section of the route. Most of the stops are designated by a sign on the sidewalk. The J Church begins service at 5 a. m. weekdays,6 a. m, sundays and continues until 12,15 a. m. every night. Headways range from 7 to 15 minutes during the day, and 15 to 20 minutes at night, there is no late night service along the entire J line. Some of the route is covered by the L-Owl and N-Owl service provided by buses run on Market Street between Church Street and Steuart Street. Owl service on the 24 Divisadero line runs near the portion of the J line north of 30th Street, the outer end of the line was originally at Church and 30th Streets, where streetcars used a wye to turn around. In 1991, the tracks were extended to the Balboa Park BART station, however, the 2. 3-mile new section was initially used only by light rail cars starting or ending their runs, all-day J-line service was not extended along the new tracks until March 1992. This extension of the J-line to the Metro Center now also provides vintage F Market cars a connection to the adjacent Geneva Yard, occasionally J-Church streetcars use the wye at 30th and Church as a terminus during rush hours, or during irregular operations. With the completion of the M Ocean View Subway, the J Church will be re-routed to connect with the M Ocean View at a new subway station at SF State. Future ideas for extensions include a north of Church and Duboce Streets along Fillmore Street to Fort Mason. When these extensions occur, it is whether the J Church will be re-titled to J San Jose or keep its current designation. Inbound to outbound J Church on SFMTAs site J Church schedule J Church map, J-Church route information from the SF Muni Map Project
13.
K Ingleside
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The K Ingleside is a Muni Metro line in San Francisco, California, mainly serving the West Portal and Ingleside neighborhoods. The line runs from the Embarcadero Station downtown to the Geneva Avenue and San Jose Avenue in the Balboa Park neighborhood, the downtown portion of the line runs through the Market Street Subway, which it shares with the four other Muni Metro lines. It continues through the much older Twin Peaks Tunnel, along with the L Taraval and M Ocean View lines, emerging at West Portal Station. From there, it follows West Portal Avenue to Saint Francis Circle, the K then follows Ocean Avenue until it reaches Balboa Park Station, where it circles around the Metro yard at San Jose and Geneva Avenue, with the actual terminal stop alongside the station. The K Ingleside line stops at stations for the downtown section of the line. Most of the stops are nothing more than concrete islands in the middle of the street next to the tracks. Some of these island stops provide access for wheelchairs, Muni bus routes provide service to all stations and other systems with access to the stations are noted. The original K Ingleside streetcar line opened in 1918, service was extended the next year by incorporating a previously opened line. The outer end of the line was a stub at the intersection of Brighton and Grafton, in the 1940s an additional branch of the line was built down Onondaga Street to Mission Street. In the 1950s, this was shortened to the Phelan loop at Ocean, on April 23,1979, the line was lengthened to Balboa Park BART Station. Weekend service continued to use PCC cars until September 1982 when the Muni Metro became fully operational. At West Portal Station, inbound K trains heading towards downtown change their signs to the T line, conversely, at Embarcadero Station, the trains show the ultimate destination of the spliced lines rather than the intermediate terminus of the individual line. The K Ingleside begins service at 5 a. m. weekdays,6 a. m, sundays, with the end of service occurring around 12,30 a. m. each night. It operates a headway of 9 to 10 minutes during the day, there is also a K-Owl diesel bus line that runs from Market Street and Steuart Street to Balboa Park. This line makes a number of trips between the times owl service stops and the underground subway stations open. This has been identified as a Tier 1 level project, once this project is complete, the K Ingleside may be re-titled as K Geneva or K Crocker Amazon. Additional plans include a subway with an entrance south of Saint Francis Circle on Junipero Serra Boulevard that connects to the existing Twin Peaks Tunnel. This plan will coincide with the construction of the M Ocean View subway project, inbound to outbound Muni Metro and San Francisco rail map K Ingleside route information from the SF Muni Map Project
14.
M Ocean View
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The M Ocean View is a Muni Metro light rail line in San Francisco, California. It was one of San Franciscos streetcar lines in the early 20th century, service along this route was replaced by buses in 1939, but rail service was shortly restored in 1944. While many streetcar lines were converted to buses after World War II. On August 30,1980, the line was extended to Balboa Park BART station, the line was partially converted to modern light-rail operation with the opening of the Muni Metro system in 1980. In May 2010, the San Francisco MTA began a project to reconstruct. The MTA decided to discontinue all M Ocean View rail service for the duration of the project, passengers were required to take K Ingleside trains or L Taraval trains and transfer to temporary shuttle bus service at West Portal. Full M Ocean View service was restored on Sept.4,2010, the line runs from the Embarcadero Station in the Financial District to Geneva Avenue and San Jose Avenue near City College of San Francisco in the Balboa Park neighborhood. The downtown portion of the runs through the Market Street Subway. It continues through the much older Twin Peaks Tunnel, along with the K Ingleside and L Taraval lines, from there, it follows West Portal Avenue to the Saint Francis Circle, where it then takes its own right-of-way to 19th Avenue. The portion of the line on 19th Avenue between where it joins 19th near Eucalyptus Drive and Junipero Serra Boulevard is a right-of-way separated from the street. This section has two stations with high-platforms, one at the Stonestown Galleria on Winston Drive and the other at San Francisco State University on Holloway Avenue and it continues on 19th Avenue past Junipero Serra to Randolph Street. At the end of Randolph, the M uses Orizaba Avenue to get to Broad Street, the rest of the line follows San Jose Avenue to Geneva Avenue, where the line loops around the Metro yard there on the corner opposite from Balboa Park Station. The M Ocean View line stops at stations for the downtown section of the route and on 19th Avenue. Muni bus routes provide service to all stations and other systems with access to the stations are noted, M Ocean View moves at only 8.5 to 9.5 miles per hour during afternoon commute hours over a 2-mile distance along 19th Avenue/Highway 1. The slow speed is attributed to trains stopping at multiple busy street crossings, in addition, the majority of riders access 19th Avenue stops from the west side of 19th, since Stonestown Galleria, San Francisco State University and Parkmerced are all located west of 19th. In order to access the stops, which are located in the median of 19th Avenue, in San Francisco, 55% of severe and fatal pedestrian accidents occur on 7% of its street miles, which includes the 19th Avenue/Highway 1 corridor. In response, the San Francisco County Transportation Authority commissioned a study, published in 2014 to explore options to facilitate pedestrian access, the option that has been selected is the full subway alternative. The M Ocean View and K Ingleside will remain underground along West Portal Avenue, the current West Portal station will most likely have to be redesigned as a two-level station with the K and M lines on the lower level and the L line on the upper level
15.
N Judah
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The N Judah is a Muni Metro light rail line in San Francisco, California, so named as it runs along Judah Street for much of its length, named after railroad engineer Theodore Judah. It links downtown San Francisco to the Cole Valley and Sunset neighborhoods and it is the busiest line in the Muni Metro system, serving an average of 41,439 weekday passengers in 2013. It was one of San Franciscos streetcar lines, beginning operation in 1928, while many streetcar lines were converted to bus lines after World War II, the N Judah remained a streetcar line due to its use of the Sunset Tunnel. The line runs from the Caltrain depot in the Mission Bay district to Ocean Beach, from the Caltrain depot at Fourth and King Streets, it runs along King Street and the Embarcadero, passing by AT&T Park. It then enters the Market Street Subway, which it shares with the five other Muni Metro lines and it exits the tunnel at Church Street and, after a brief stretch along Duboce Avenue to Duboce Park, enters the older Sunset Tunnel. This tunnel serves to avoid a hill and contains no underground stations, on Judah between 9th Avenue and 19th Avenue the N runs on a right-of-way that is slightly raised above the surrounding street. There is a loop in the intersection at Judah, La Playa, the N Judah line stops at large stations for the downtown section of the route and at smaller stops on the rest of the line. Muni bus routes provide service to all stations and other systems with access to the stations are noted. As with all Muni lines, service begins around 5 a. m. on weekdays,6 a. m. on Saturdays and it operates at high frequencies, mainly between 7 and 12 minutes, and mostly utilizes two-car trains during Muni Metro hours of operation. Late night service is provided by the N Owl diesel bus line and this line is generally the same as the daytime N Judah line, except it follows surface streets instead of going through the streetcar-only Market Street Subway and Sunset Tunnel. It then takes Church, Hermann and Fillmore to get to Haight Street, where it bypasses the hill above the Sunset Tunnel. It turns off Haight at Cole, and then rejoins the daytime N line at Carl, originally, the line was operated on the Market Street Railway before being rerouted underground through the Market Street Subway in 1980. The extension to King Street Station and Caltrain was opened in 1998, on December 5,2009, SFMTA eliminated the portion of the N Judah line between Embarcadero and 4th & King/Caltrain on weekends and holidays. N Owl service was not affected by this change, weekend service to the Caltrain depot was restored in October 2011. After concerns from riders of constant overcrowding of the trains on the N Judah line, starting off as a pilot program, the NX was intended to relieve overcrowding during rush hours every ten minutes. It follows the end of the N Judah route from Ocean Beach to 19th Avenue, then operates nonstop from there to the Financial District where it stops at Bush. This will allow the N Judah to run three car trains as opposed to the current two car trains, additional plans include a non-revenue L Taraval to N Judah connector, which may run on 46th Avenue. Inbound to outbound N Judah on SFMTAs site N Judah schedule N Judah map, N Judah route information from the SF Muni Map Project The N-Judah Chronicles
16.
T Third Street
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The T Third Street is a Muni Metro line in San Francisco, California. It is the first new rail line in San Francisco in more than half a century. It is also the first true light rail line in the mostly streetcar Muni Metro system, as it mostly in a street median. Testing on the line took place in summer 2006, with limited service starting on January 13,2007, and full service beginning on April 7,2007. In the future, the line may be extended to Caltrains Bayshore Station and, in the other direction, each train displays its ultimate destination. This system will continue in place until the Central Subway is operational, from there the T turns south on Fourth Street, crossing the bridge over Mission Creek before joining Third Street for the majority of the routes length. It passes through Mission Bay where the UCSF Mission Bay branch is located, then continues on south through the Bayview, once both economically impoverished parts of the City, they have slowly experienced rehabilitation and rebuilding mainly helped by the new T line. From there the T follows Bayshore Boulevard for two stations until it reaches its terminus at Sunnydale Station. A section of track one more block until stopped short at the Daly City limits. All stations along this line feature high platforms, eliminating the need for the raising and lowering of entrance, stations south of Fourth and King feature short platforms that accommodate only two-car trains. The T Third also uses the Muni Metro terminology in which a train goes from West Portal to Embarcadero. This also means that an outbound T Third train runs from Sunnydale and this is the reverse of other lines, as those lines have their outer termini on the southwest and west sides of the city, and those trains enter the subway from the west going inbound toward downtown. T-Third has been built in phases, the first phase extended rail service south to Sunnydale Station. The second phase, currently under construction, is known as the Central Subway project. The southern segment from Sunnydale to 4th and King Street will remain as-is, operating on street-level median tracks. After 4th and King, the line will proceed to a new 4th and Brannan Station, a proposed third phase would build an extension beyond Chinatown, including new stations at Washington Square in North Beach and Fishermans Wharf. In preparation, the tunnels were bored past Chinatown Station, a conceptual fourth phase has been advanced by SFMTA and transit advocates to further extend the line west of Fishermans Wharf to the Presidio. Initially upon opening, the T Third was operated from Castro Station to Bayshore, in the aftermath of the Muni Meltdown of 2007, the T Third was suspended from operating as a distinct line, in favor of being through-routed with the K Ingleside
17.
S Castro Shuttle
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The S Castro Shuttle is a Muni Metro line in San Francisco, California. At its inception in 1995, it ran from Embarcadero Station downtown to the Castro Street Station during peak periods on weekdays, the service stopped running in the early 2000s as the number of available light rail vehicles went down due to maintenance issues. As of 2016, the runs from St. Francis Circle to Embarcadero station with limited service beyond to 23rd Street. The line also runs when there is a game at AT&T Park, continuing from King. During these times the shuttle will occasionally run a three car formation, being the line that will do this regularly. On November 7,2016, S shuttle service resumed with two extra one-car trains running between Embarcadero and West Portal during the rush hour, for a total of ten total trips. The service increase is planned to reduce overcrowding along the L, M and this addition was viewed as a strategic way to use limited resources to provide more service. This service improvement is part of Muni Metros Muni Forward program to add more true subway service, the S Castro Shuttle is the only line not included on any Muni Metro map or on NextBus. The service is not a true shuttle train
18.
Market Street Subway
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The Market Street Subway is a double-decker subway tunnel that carries Muni Metro and BART train traffic in San Francisco, California. It runs under the length of Market Street between Embarcadero Station and Castro Street Station, the upper level is used by Muni Metro lines and the lower level is used by BART lines. BART does not run through the subway, it turns south. The northeastern end of the BART level is connected to the Transbay Tube, on the Muni Metro level, the southwestern end of the Market Street Subway connects to the much-older Twin Peaks Tunnel, and the northeastern end connects to surface tracks along the Embarcadero. The Market Street Railway had existed on the parallel to the subways alignment in some form since 1860 with services terminating at the Ferry Building. To alleviate traffic, plans for a third-rail powered tunnel under Market Street can be dated to at least 1910, by 1918, there were four tracks running down the thoroughfare - two per direction. The Twin Peaks Tunnel had been built with provisions to connect to a tunnel under Market Street. Serious consideration for construction was given while designing the initial BART system. Original plans variously called for the current stations, less Embarcadero, both levels were originally to have carried BART trains, with the lower level reserved for express trains. The top level was finally ceded to Muni when funds for BART construction came short of estimates, an Embarcadero station was planned, with a station box designed into the tunnel, but was not slated to be complete with the initial opening of the subway. Construction, commencing in July 1967, was carried out via the cut-and-cover method, BART trains first ran though the Subway with service as far as Daly City on November 5,1973. Connections through the Transbay Tube were opened for service on September 16,1974. Embarcadero station was opened shortly after on May 27,1976, starting on February 18,1980 and continuing for over a year afterward, Muni replaced surface operations with subway service at all stations in the tunnel. At that point, there were no plans to maintain the tracks on Market Street. Munis Embarcadero portal opened in 1998, and was not a part of the subways plan. T Third trains began running in the subway with the inauguration on April 7,2007. That line will be rerouted through Central Subway, which is a tunnel running underneath the Market Street Subway east of Powell Street Station. The K Ingleside, L Taraval, M Ocean View, and T Third Street Muni Metro lines run through the length of the subway to its direct connection with the Twin Peaks Tunnel
19.
Sunset Tunnel
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The Sunset Tunnel is a 4,232 ft -long light rail/streetcar tunnel in San Francisco, California. The tunnel runs under the hill adjacent to Buena Vista Park and is used exclusively by the N Judah Muni Metro line. The tunnel was opened on 21 October 1928 in a ceremony presided over by Mayor James Rolph, access to the tunnel is restricted to San Francisco Municipal Railway light rail trains only. Despite the access limitations, this tunnel is not well protected, from time to time, automobile drivers manage to drive their cars into the tunnel
20.
Twin Peaks Tunnel
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The Twin Peaks Tunnel is a 2. 27-mile -long light rail/streetcar tunnel in San Francisco, California. The tunnel runs under the Twin Peaks and is used by the K Ingleside, L Taraval, M Ocean View, the S Castro Shuttle also uses the tunnel for AT&T Park game day runs. The tunnel was opened on February 3,1918, there are two stations along the tunnel, Forest Hill Station, near the western end, and the now disused Eureka Station, near the eastern end. When the Muni Metro system and Market Street Subway were built, they were connected to the Twin Peaks Tunnel to be used by the K Ingleside, L Taraval, the Eureka Station was closed, and the Metro lines stop at the nearby Castro Street Station instead. Instead, trains continue directly from the Market Street Subway into the tunnel without going above ground, west Portal Station, which was originally a surface stop outside of the tunnels western entrance, was rebuilt as a high-platform station located just inside of the entrance. Sunset Tunnel Silent film by SF real estate company of construction of tunnel
21.
Mission Dolores Park
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Mission Dolores Park, often abbreviated to Dolores Park, is a Leave no Trace city park in San Francisco, California. It is located two blocks south of Mission Dolores at the edge of the Mission District. Dolores Park is bounded by 18th Street on the north, 20th Street on the south, Dolores Street on the east, the northern end of Dolores Park is located directly across the street from Mission High School. On its eastern, southern and western sides, the park is surrounded by buildings of two to four stories, in various architectural styles. South of the park is an area known as Dolores Heights. Dolores Park offers several features including many tennis courts, a court, a multi-purpose court, a soccer field, a pissoir, a childrens playground. The southern half of the park is notable for its views of the Mission district, downtown, the San Francisco Bay. The Muni Metro J-Church streetcar line runs through the park along its western border, the park lies east of Twin Peaks in the warm and sunny microclimate of the Mission neighborhood, which was named one of the coolest neighborhoods in the world in 2016. Native Americans of the Chutchui village of the Yelamu tribe inhabited the area prior to the arrival of Spanish missionaries, the cemetery was moved to San Mateo County when San Francisco land became too valuable for the dead and burial within the city limits was prohibited. The graves were moved to Colma, where they still rest today at Hills of Eternity and it passed by 73. 9% later in the same year, initiating the creation of what was back then named Mission Park. In 1905, the City of San Francisco bought the land for $291,350, in 1906-07, the park served as a refugee camp for more than 1600 families made homeless by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire. Camp life after the earthquake ended in the summer of 1908, some people kept their temporary shacks as houses and a few still survive today scattered across western San Francisco. In 1917, the J-Church streetcar line, which runs one side of the park. Until after World War II, the Mission District was largely inhabited by European Americans, which from the 1950s to the 1970s were replaced by an influx of Latino immigrants. The Mexican Liberty Bell is a bell that Hidalgo rang in 1810 in the Mexican city of Dolores Hidalgo. In 2014, the replica was relocated by around 25 feet during the renovations of Mission Dolores Park, in subsequent decades, the park also became popular among LGBT residents from the nearby Castro district and among young professionals who moved to the area to work at Internet tech companies. Numerous community-driven meetings lead to the design of the improvement project. The park was opened in January 2016 with a light-up event
22.
Heritage streetcar
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Heritage streetcars or heritage trams are a part of the efforts to preserve rail traffic heritage. In addition to preserving street running rail vehicles, heritage streetcar operations can include upkeep of historic rail infrastructure, working heritage streetcars are closely related to the growing global heritage railway movement and form a part of the living history of rail transport. As with modern systems, the vehicles are referred to as trams or tramcars in the United Kingdom, Australasia and certain other places. The last two terms are used interchangeably in the United States, with trolley being preferred in the eastern US and streetcar in Canada. In parts of the United States, internally powered buses made to resemble a streetcar, are often referred to—inaccurately—as trolleys, to avoid further confusion with trolley buses, the American Public Transportation Association refers to them as trolley-replica buses. Museums, heritage tram line operators and amateur enthusiast can preserve original vintage vehicles or create replicas of vehicles to re-create or preserve streetcar technology of the past. Heritage vehicles that are fully functional can be used on heritage tramlines or for charter traffic. Heritage tram lines, that offer scheduled service on a certain route, Heritage tramlines that operate on a rail network that mainly serves the interest of modern urban mobility, have difficulty in exhibiting historic tramway infrastructure, apart from the car itself. This kind of tramlines are often operated mainly to attract tourist, some technical aspects of historic tram infrastructure can prevent the use of a heritage line as an integral part of the public transport system. For example, heritage tramlines often lack handicapped access which is required by law in many countries, Heritage tramlines can be either newly installed lines or be surviving older tramlines which have retained use of historic trams for all or most of their scheduled service. Rail tracks designated solely or mainly to heritage streetcar traffic offer best opportunities for preservation of historic streetcar scenes, some heritage tramways use all-new construction while others make use of an existing, usually disused, freight railway, by installing overhead wires and passenger stops. In some cities, new heritage tramways have been installed in the city center, to attract tourists, proponents of such projects claim that using a simple, reliable form of transit from 50 or 100 years ago can bring history to life for 21st century users. However, there are trade-offs, among other things, heritage systems can offer slower speeds, less capacity, the 2014 opened museum Remise covers the history of public transport in the city of Vienna and offers a very extensive tram collection to visitors. The Styrian municipality centre Graz has a museum since 1971 located in the depot of Mariatrost. Another heritage tram is operating in Styria between the station of Mariazell and the nearby Erlaufsee, mainly with Ex-Vienna streetcars. This line was electrified on longer sections and also extended towards the city center. In Amsterdam in the Netherlands the Electrisch Museumtramlijn operates historic trams over a 7 km length of railway line. The tram networks of Hague and Rotterdam have also their tram museums, the association Tramweg Stichting maintains and operates in every three cities its own vehicles, partly as collection of these museums
23.
San Francisco cable car system
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The San Francisco cable car system is the worlds last manually operated cable car system. An icon of San Francisco, the car system forms part of the intermodal urban transport network operated by the San Francisco Municipal Railway. Of the 23 lines established between 1873 and 1890, only three remain, two routes from downtown near Union Square to Fishermans Wharf, and a route along California Street. While the cable cars are used to an extent by commuters. They are among the most significant tourist attractions in the city, along with Alcatraz Island, the Golden Gate Bridge, the cable cars are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The cable cars are not to be confused with San Franciscos heritage streetcars, which operate on Market Street, the first successful cable-operated street railway was the Clay Street Hill Railroad, which opened on August 2,1873. The promoter of the line was Hallidie, and the engineer was William Eppelsheimer, the line involved the use of grip cars, which carried the grip that engaged with the cable, towing trailer cars, the design was the first to use grips. The term grip became synonymous with the operator, the line started regular service on September 1,1873, and its success led it to become the template for other cable car transit systems. It was a success, and Hallidies patents were enforced on other cable car promoters. Accounts differ as to exactly how involved Hallidie was in the inception of the line, the next cable car line to open was the Sutter Street Railway, which converted from horse operation in 1877. This line introduced the side grip, and lever operation, both designed by Henry Casebolt and his assistant Asa Hovey, and patented by Henry Casebolt. This idea was brought about because Casebolt did not want to pay Hallidie royalties of $50,000 a year for use of his patent, the side grip allowed cable cars to cross at intersections. In 1878, Leland Stanford opened his California Street Cable Railroad and this companys first line was on California Street and is the oldest cable car line still in operation. In 1880, the Geary Street, Park & Ocean Railway began operation, the Presidio and Ferries Railway followed two years later, and was the first cable company to include curves on its routes. The curves were let-go curves, where the car drops the cable, in 1883, the Market Street Cable Railway opened its first line. This company was controlled by the Southern Pacific Railroad and was to grow to become San Franciscos largest cable car operator. At its peak, it operated five lines all of which converged into Market Street to a terminus at the Ferry Building, during rush hours, cars left that terminus every 15 seconds. In 1888, the Ferries and Cliff House Railway opened its initial two-line system, the Powell-Mason line is still operated on the same route today, their other route was the Powell-Washington-Jackson line, stretches of which are used by todays Powell-Hyde line
24.
E Embarcadero
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The E Embarcadero is a light rail line that is the San Francisco Municipal Railways second heritage streetcar line in San Francisco, California. Trial service first ran during the Sunday Streets events on The Embarcadero in 2008, the line initially ran on weekends only, but expanded to weeklong service in late April 2016. The initial routing of the line is identical to the 32 Embarcadero bus line. Since there is no loop at the Caltrain station, only double-ended streetcars are able to operate on the line until the 19th Street loop is built, in the future, the line may extend northwest past Aquatic Park and through an unused railroad tunnel to Fort Mason. For this reason, existing sidewalk-level stops adjacent to each raised central light-rail stop will be utilized for the E line, for stops north of Market, the new line will use those of the existing F Market & Wharves line. Munis original E streetcar line was the E Union line, running north from the Ferry Building via The Embarcadero to Washington/Jackson streets and this line was discontinued in 1947. Proposals for historic streetcar service along The Embarcadero were first put forward in 1974, and this temporary line was designated E Embarcadero, and it was discontinued when it was replaced in August 1998 by an extension of the N Judah line. In 2007 the new T Third Street line also began operating on this extension, historic streetcar service on The Embarcadero north of Don Chee Way began in March 2000 when the F Market & Wharves line was extended to Fishermans Wharf. The new E Embarcadero line operated on a temporary basis during the 2013 Americas Cup racing, weekend operation officially began on August 1,2015, and weeklong service began on April 23,2016. Official website Market Street Railway website San Francisco Railway Museum Streetcar Fleet Status Fort Mason Center website
25.
F Market & Wharves
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The F Market & Wharves line is one of several light rail lines in San Francisco, California. Despite its heritage status, the F Market & Wharves line is an part of Munis intermodal urban transport network, operating at frequent intervals for 20 hours a day. It carries local commuters and tourists alike, linking residential, business, unlike the San Francisco cable car system, standard Muni fares are levied. The streetcar line was discontinued in 1951 and was replaced by the 30-Stockton route, the F-line designation was therefore available for use by the current line, although that service is over a completely different route from the F-line of 1915 to 1951. Market Street is a major artery for the city of San Francisco. In the 1960s construction began on the Market Street Subway, which would carry BARTs trains on its lower level, all streetcar lines currently operating in the subway previously ran on the surface of Market Street, and were eventually diverted into the upper level of the tunnel. This diversion, together with the provision of new rail cars. The diversion of the Market Street streetcar lines into tunnel and the replacement of the existing streetcars with new rail cars was completed by November 1982. However, the trackage on Market Street was retained. In 1982, San Franciscos cable car lines were shut down for almost two years to allow for a major rebuild, to provide an alternative tourist attraction during this period, the San Francisco Historic Trolley Festivals began in 1983. These summertime operations of vintage streetcars on Market Street were a joint project of the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce, the trolley festival route went from the Transbay Terminal at First and Mission Streets to Market, then up the retained Market Street tracks to Duboce Avenue. From there, it followed a temporary streetcar detour built in the 1970s to bypass subway construction under Market, Duboce, Church Street, the Trolley Festival proved so successful it was repeated every year until 1987. In that year, preparation began for the introduction of a permanent F line, after that year’s festival finished, Muni replaced the old Market Street tracks with new ones, restoring tracks to upper Market Street and recreating a line to Castro. Different types of streetcars were evaluated to provide the backbone of the F-line fleet, resulting in the decision to use the PCC car. Fourteen such cars were acquired second-hand from Philadelphia to add to three of Muni’s own retired double-ended PCCs, at that point in history, this was a rare instance in which a streetcar replaced a bus line in operation, rather than the other way around. Ridership exceeded expectation, and the need for extra cars resulted in the acquisition of ten Peter Witt style cars just being retired in the city of Milan, Italy. These cars were built in the 1920s to a once common in North American cities. The Embarcadero is the eastern waterfront roadway of San Francisco, along San Francisco Bay, at one time busy with port and ferry related traffic, it fell into decline as freight transferred to the container terminals of Oakland and the Bay Bridge replaced the ferries
26.
Market Street Railway (nonprofit)
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Market Street Railway is San Francisco Municipal Railways 1, 200-member nonprofit preservation partner. It relies on contributions to help maintain San Francisco’s fleet of historic streetcars in service on the E Embarcadero and F Market & Wharves lines. Market Street Railway operates a vintage vehicle restoration facility at 1 Buchanan Street and it is here that Market Street Railway volunteers restore historic vehicles before donating them to Muni. Market Street Railway borrows the name of the Market Street Railway Company, service on F-Market commenced on September 1,1995, replacing Munis 8-Market trolley bus line. Currently, the F line carries four times the ridership of the bus lines it replaced. In 1996, one year after service began, F-Market streetcars carried an average of 7,758 passengers per day, by 2008, F-Market streetcars were carrying an average of 20,000 riders per day, and were so overcrowded that drivers were forced to skip stops. For comparison, the Muni Metro system carried an average of 130,000 passengers per day through the Market Street Subway in 1999, service expanded in 2015 with the E Embarcadero line. The E line directly connects several regional transit services, including Caltrain, BART and bay ferries to waterfront businesses and attractions stretching from Mission Bay to Fort Mason. Since its inception, Market Street Railway has helped Muni to acquire and restore more than a dozen historic streetcars and cable cars for service, Market Street Railways restoration corps has done much of this restoration work themselves. Its volunteers also clean the interiors at the Castro Street Terminal to improve rider experience. Led by President Rick Laubscher, Market Street Railway is working to increase F-line service levels, extension of historic trolley service through Fort Mason Tunnel is currently being evaluated by Muni
27.
Trolleybuses in San Francisco
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The San Francisco trolleybus system forms part of the public transportation network serving San Francisco, in the state of California, United States. Opened on October 6,1935, it presently comprises 15 lines, in San Francisco, these vehicles are also known as trolley coaches. One of only five such systems currently operating in the U. S. the Muni trolley bus system is the second-largest such system in the Western Hemisphere, a particularly notable feature of its operations are very steep grades. The Muni trolley bus system is complementary to the citys rail-bound Caltrain, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Muni Metro, in addition, it shares some of its overhead wires with the F Market & Wharves streetcar line. Of the latter,40 were New Flyer E60 vehicles,12 of these were retired in early 2013, and the remaining 28 were retired in early January 2015. All of the then-remaining 273 trolleybuses were built by Electric Transit, Inc. mostly in 2001–03, the 240 40-foot units being model 14TrSF, an order was placed in 2014 for 60 New Flyer XT60 articulated vehicles, the systems first low-floor trolleybuses. Two prototypes arrived in March 2015 and May 2015, respectively, delivery of the 58 production-series vehicles began in September 2015, and the series entered service between November 2015 and July 2016. They replaced the 33 ETI 15TrSF articulated trolleybuses, the last of which were retired in April–May 2016 and these changes left the current fleet with the 240 conventional units built by ETI and 60 New Flyer XT60s. The articulated trolleybuses are used on the 5R,14 and 30S lines, the suffix SF in the two ETI model numbers stands for San Francisco. These two types were specially derived from the standard series Škoda 14Tr for use on the Muni system, the model XT60 for New Flyer has prefixes X for Xcelsior and T for electric, and the suffix 60 for the 60-foot bus. The first order to be placed under the 2013 agreement was the 2014 order for 60 articulated trolleybuses, San Francisco Municipal Railway fleet List of trolleybus systems in the United States Perles, Anthony, with John McKane, Tom Matoff, Peter Straus. The Peoples Railway, The History of the Municipal Railway in San Francisco, San Francisco database / photo gallery and San Francisco trolleybus list at Urban Electric Transit – in various languages, including English
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Third Street Light Rail Project
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Construction was finished in late 2006, non-revenue weekend service began on January 13,2007, and full service began on April 7,2007. In the two light rail routes proposed, rail service would be extended south to Caltrains Bayshore Station along Third Street from the Financial Disrict. Potential future extensions studied included lines along Hunters Point, in Little Hollywood, the project was initially budgeted at $667 million. As of July 2006, the budget increased by $120 million, the 15-Third bus line was eliminated and the 8-Bayshore bus line was extended to replace the 15 in areas not served by the metro extension, including City College and Fishermans Wharf. The extension was supposed to connect directly to the Bayshore Caltrain Station when the station was in San Francisco County, however, as part of Caltrains 2004 CTX project, Caltrain relocated the Bayshore Station to San Mateo County without informing Muni. To complicate matters, this connection has been plagued by cost, as a result, the southern end of the line terminates at the Sunnydale Station on Bayshore Boulevard for the time being. 18 new stations were built along the line, as part of the project, the entire Third Street corridor was repaved and received new streetlights. Additionally, palm trees were planted, sidewalks reconstructed and the pavement on 3rd Street repaved, stations along the route have a distinctive marquee pole with a sculpture or mobile. Light rail vehicles operate in an exclusive right-of-way in the center of the street along most of the line to bypass vehicular congestion, in addition, transit signal priority has been implemented along the entire corridor. The goal is to allow LRVs to have a light at every intersection so they can travel from station to station without stopping. The Third Street Light Rail Project is the first part of a plan to expand the Muni Metro system. The second phase, known as the Central Subway, will take T Third off the tracks it shares with K Ingleside and N Judah north of 4th and these plans were presented in October 2014 as a third phase and a conceptual fourth phase. ON REGIONAL TRANSIT Going underground in Chinatown, everyone has an idea on S. F. subway plan. Overview, The Project in a Nutshell, $147 Million Deal Could Derail Central Subway Project Budget. Central Subway may travel farther north than planned, Third Street Light Rail Project, Transportation Improvements, San Francisco, Environmental Impact Statement. City and County San Francisco, Planning Department
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Central Subway
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The subway is the second phase of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agencys Third Street Light Rail Project. The first phase opened to the public as the T Third Line in 2007, the Central Subway is expected to open to the public in 2018. With the addition of the Central Subway, the T Third Line is projected to become the most heavily ridden line in the Muni Metro system by 2030, the subway will serve major employment and population centers in San Francisco that are underserved by rapid transit. SoMa is home to the headquarters of many of San Francisco’s major software and technology companies, Union Square, located in the citys downtown, is a primary commercial and economic district. Chinatown is the most densely populated neighborhood in the city, the Central Subway will connect these areas to communities in eastern San Francisco, including Mission Bay, Dogpatch, Bayview-Hunters Point and Visitacion Valley. The budget to complete the Central Subway is $1.578 billion, the project is funded primarily through the Federal Transit Administration’s New Starts program. In October 2012, the FTA approved a Full Funding Grant Agreement, the Central Subway is also funded by the State of California, the Metropolitan Transportation Commission, the San Francisco County Transportation Authority and the City and County of San Francisco. Ground was broken for the Central Subway on February 9,2010, as of February 2014, both tunnel boring machines had passed under Market Street and were tunneling under Stockton Street toward Chinatown. Tunnel boring for the Central Subway was completed at Columbus and Powell Street in the North Beach neighborhood of San Francisco on June 16,2014 and this subway extension of the T Third Line is expected to open to the public in December 2018. In February 2008, the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency board of directors voted to select the alignment for the subway. In the approved alignment, trains travel north along 4th Street and Stockton Street, stopping at one above-ground station, currently northbound T Third Line trains turn right from 4th Street onto King Street and travel along the Embarcadero to the Market Street Tunnel. When the Central Subway is complete, trains will instead cross King Street, the first stop will be at an above-ground station at 4th and Brannan streets, the 4th and Brannan Station. Heading north, trains enter the subway through a portal on 4th Street between Bryant and Harrison streets, under Interstate 80. The route will continue under 4th Street through South of Market, stopping at an underground station. At Market Street, the subway will dip below the Market Street Subway, another underground station serving Market Street and Union Square will be located underneath Stockton Street. This combined Union Square/Market Street Station will have entrances at the Market, Ellis and Stockton intersection and within Union Square Plaza at Stockton, a pedestrian passage will connect the Union Square/Market Street Station to the Muni Metro and BART Powell Street Station. The subway will then continue under Stockton Street to Chinatown Station, the subway tunnels, one for northbound trains and one for southbound trains, will continue north past Chinatown Station, beneath Stockton Street and Columbus Avenue. In the future, the T Third Line may terminate in North Beach or extend to Fishermans Wharf and the Aquatic Park to connect with F Market & Wharves
30.
Fort Mason Tunnel
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Fort Mason Tunnel is a single track railway tunnel in San Francisco. It was built in 1914 to bypass Fort Mason, the east portal is near the north end of Van Ness Avenue, and the west portal feeds onto the east end of Marina Boulevard at Laguna Street. Its construction in 1914 served several purposes, the rail link supplied goods and mass transit to the Panama Pacific International Exposition the following year, and the US Army utilized the line for construction of the Port of Embarkation. The tunnel operated as part of the State Belt Railroad until the suspension in 1993. In 2012, the National Park Service released an environmental impact report on providing extended service though the tunnel to the San Francisco Municipal Railway F Market & Wharves line. The E Embarcadero line may also see extension through the tunnel
31.
AC Transit
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AC Transit is an Oakland-based public transit agency serving the western portions of Alameda and Contra Costa counties in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. AC Transit also operates Transbay routes across San Francisco Bay to San Francisco and selected areas in San Mateo, AC Transit is constituted as a special district under California law. It is governed by seven elected members and it is not a part of or under the control of Alameda or Contra Costa counties or any local jurisdictions. Buses operate out of three operating divisions, Emeryville, East Oakland, and Hayward, the Operations Control Center is located in Emeryville. The Richmond operating division closed in 2011, the District is the public successor to the privately owned Key System. The Districts bus lines also serve parts of some other East Bay communities, including Milpitas, Pinole, most routes connect with regional train service, primarily BART, in addition to ACE and Amtrak, including the Capitol Corridor. While most AC Transit service consists of lines throughout the East Bay. Most of these run across the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge to connect communities as distant as El Sobrante, Bus service is also provided across the San Mateo and Dumbarton bridges to the south. AC Transits primary hubs include BART stations, major shopping centers, and points of interest, most routes serve and/or terminate at BART stations, providing convenience for transit users. The hubs include, See also AC Transits page on fares and passes or AC Transits page on bus fares, on July 1,2014, AC Transit introduced a Day Pass, designed for customers taking more than two local buses in a day. The pass is good for unlimited rides on local routes from 3,01 a. m. to 3,00 a. m. Customers can obtain a Day Pass in one of two ways, Using Clipper, Customers keep cash value on their card. Once fares equalling the Day Pass price have been deducted, the Day Pass automatically activates, on subsequent rides, the card is tagged but no additional fare is deducted. On-Board, Customers deposit the amount in the farebox and request a Day Pass from the bus operator. On subsequent rides, the pass is swiped at the farebox, AC Transit fares are structured to promote the use of Clipper. Not only are local bus rides cheaper, but certain interagency transfers and day passes are easier to obtain, monthly passes are only available on Clipper. Local BART-to-bus transfer, $0.25 cash discount to and from BART with paper transfer issued at BART, applied as $0.50 Clipper discount on bus trip away from BART only. To transfer from AC Transit to another bus agency without Clipper, to transfer from another bus agency to AC Transit without Clipper, ask the other bus driver for a transfer. Notes, All fares are in USD,1 Issued upon request when full price is paid
32.
Bay Area Rapid Transit
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Bay Area Rapid Transit is a public transportation system serving the San Francisco Bay Area. The rapid transit elevated and subway system connects San Francisco with cities in Alameda, Contra Costa, BART operates 5 routes on 104 miles of track connecting 45 stations, plus a 3. 2-mile automated guideway transit line to the Oakland International Airport which adds an additional station. A spur line in eastern Contra Costa County will utilize other rail technologies, with an average of 433,000 weekday passengers and 128.5 million annual passengers in fiscal year 2016, BART is the fifth-busiest heavy rail rapid transit system in the United States. The systems acronym is pronounced Bart, like the name, BART is operated by the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District, formed in 1957. As of 2017, it is being expanded to San Jose with the consecutive Warm Springs, some of the Bay Area Rapid Transit Systems current coverage area was once served by an electrified streetcar and suburban train system called the Key System. This early 20th-century system once had regular trans-bay traffic across the deck of the Bay Bridge. By the mid-1950s, that system had been dismantled in favor of highway travel, a new rapid-transit system was proposed to take the place of the Key System during the late 1940s, and formal planning for it began in the 1950s. Some funding was secured for the BART system in 1959, passenger service began on September 11,1972, initially just between MacArthur and Fremont. All nine Bay Area counties were involved in the planning and envisioned to be connected by BART, before the system began revenue service, serious problems in the design and operation of the Automatic Train Control system were observed. Three engineers working for BART, Max Blankenzee, Robert Bruder, BART management was dismissive of their concerns, so the three took the issue to the board of directors. All but two of the directors voted in February 1972 to support management and reject the safety concerns, management retaliated against the engineers, firing them in March 1972. The IEEE later filed the first amicus brief in its history to support the engineers. The California Society of Professional Engineers reported to the California State Senate in June 1972 that there were serious safety risks with the ATC. Legislative analyst A. Alan Post, opened an investigation immediately, an ATC failure caused the train to run off the end of the elevated track and crash to the ground, injuring four people on-board, and drawing national and international attention. The “Fremont Flyer” led to a redesign of the train controls. The California State Public Utilities Commission imposed stringent oversight over train operations, the legislative analyst issued the first of three “Post Reports” in November 1972. The report was “sharply critical” of BART, finding that the ATC system was unreliable, the ATC program was mismanaged, and “no solution was in sight. ”The report accused BART of paying excessive fees for engineering services. BART’s general manager called the indictment of safety in the Post Report “not only disappointing, telephone calls were placed manually between stations, instead
33.
California Shuttle Bus
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California Shuttle Bus is a bus company that provides daily bus services between Los Angeles and San Francisco, making one stop in San Jose. The company has been operating for 9 years and uses large, the company launched its services in 2003. The service was launched as a $40 one-way service between the Los Angeles area and the San Francisco Bay Area. In 2008, the company started offering $5 trips, but the prices are now in the $25–40 range, the advent of the $5 fares coincided with the cessation of Megabus service from LA to the Bay Area. Megabus has since resumed service between the Bay Area and Los Angeles, the company has progressively upgraded their services and now runs large 47-seater charter buses once a day. California Shuttle Bus offers a daily noon bus everyday except for Tuesdays and Saturdays, the company also offers a midnight bus on major holidays. Similar to Megabus, California Shuttle Bus uses a pricing model where prices start very low. In 2013, California Shuttle Bus upgraded their service to add assigned seating, becoming one of the daily bus services in California offering reserved seats. They also added a feature that allows customers to purchase the seat next to them for a reduced rate for a more comfortable ride. The success and popularity of new features have yet to be determined for the California market. In Northern California, major stops include Powell Street Station in downtown San Francisco, in Southern California major stops are at Union Station, Santa Monica, Hollywood and North Hollywood Metro station. The companys most unusual offering is that they pick up and drop off from convenient locations that are easy for customers to get to and their bus stops are located at major transit centers, hotels, and downtown areas. The company also tries to find nicer bus stops that are safe and comfortable for their passengers to wait, the company also has marketed itself as safer than flying due to perceptual terrorism safety concerns with regards to flying. Patrons may pay a fare to guarantee that their adjoining seat is empty for their comfort
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Caltrain
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Caltrain is a California commuter rail line on the San Francisco Peninsula and in the Santa Clara Valley. The northern terminus of the line is in San Francisco at 4th, extra trains were often run for special events held in AT&T Park in San Francisco, Stanford Stadium in Palo Alto, and SAP Center in San Jose. Caltrain operates 92 weekday trains,6 of which are extended to Gilroy, weekday ridership in February 2016 averaged 62,416, up 83% since 2010. Caltrain is governed by the Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Board which consists of agencies from the three counties served by Caltrain, San Francisco, San Mateo and Santa Clara, each member agency has three representatives on a nine-member Board of Directors. The member agencies are the City and County of San Francisco, SamTrans, Caltrain has 29 regular stops, one football-only stop, and two weekend-only stops. As of October 2012 Caltrain runs 92 weekday trains,36 Saturday, the original commuter railroad built in 1863 was the San Francisco and San Jose Rail Road, it was purchased by Southern Pacific in 1870. Southern Pacific double-tracked the line in 1904 and rerouted it via Bayshore, after 1945, ridership declined with the rise in automobile use, in 1977 SP petitioned the state Public Utilities Commission to discontinue the commute operation because of ongoing losses. To preserve the service, in 1980 Caltrans contracted with SP. Caltrans purchased new locomotives and rolling stock, replacing SP equipment in 1985, Caltrans also upgraded stations, added shuttle buses to nearby employers, and dubbed the operation CalTrain. The Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Board was formed in 1987 to manage the line, subsequently, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties commissioned Earth Metrics, Inc. to prepare an Environmental Impact Report on right-of-way acquisition and expansion of operations. With state and local funding, the PCJPB bought the right of way between San Francisco and San Jose from SP in 1991. The following year, PCJPB took responsibility for CalTrain operations and selected Amtrak as the contract operator, PCJPB extended the CalTrain service from San Jose to Gilroy, connecting to VTA Light Rail at Tamien Station in San Jose. In July 1995 CalTrain became accessible to passengers in wheelchairs, five months later, CalTrain increased the bicycle limit to 24 per train, making the service attractive to commuters in bicycle-friendly cities such as San Francisco and Palo Alto. In July 1997 the current logo was adopted, and the name became Caltrain. A year later, VTA extended its rail service from north Santa Clara to the Mountain View Caltrain station. In June 2003, a connection for the Bay Area Rapid Transit. In 2006, Caltrain announced that wireless internet access would be available on trains at no additional charge, Caltrain invested more than $1 million in researching and testing WiFi in 2006. Caltrain still hopes to offer the service eventually as part of a comprehensive communication package
35.
Golden Gate Ferry
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Golden Gate Ferry is one of three transportation systems owned and operated by the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District. The other two are the Golden Gate Bridge and Golden Gate Transit bus service, Golden Gate Ferry connects San Francisco to Marin County, California. Funding for the service is composed primarily of passenger fares. Golden Gate Ferry serves Larkspur, Sausalito, and Tiburon in Marin County, supplemental service is provided for special events. Service to Sausalito began in 1970, and service to Larkspur started in 1976, service to AT&T Park started in 2000. Most recently, service to Tiburon began on 6 March 2017, note, Schedule information listed below is current as of 6 March 2017. The Larkspur and Sausalito routes provide expanded service during the summer, holidays include Presidents Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, and Labor Day. No service operates on Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year’s Day, a reduced schedule operates on Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, the Day after Thanksgiving, and on the days around Christmas and New Years Day. The Larkspur Ferry Terminal is served by Golden Gate Transit Route 25, the Larkspur Ferry Shuttle is timed to meet ferry crossings during weekday commute hours. Additional service is provided by Marin Transit Routes 17,29, and 228, the Sausalito Ferry Landing is served by Golden Gate Transit Routes 2,30, and 92, which pick up on Bridgeway. Additional service is provided by Marin Transit Routes 17,61, 66F, and 71X, the Tiburon Ferry Landing is served by Golden Gate Transit Route 8, which picks up on Tiburon Boulevard. Additional service is provided by Marin Transit Routes 219 and 219F, the San Francisco Ferry Building is served by numerous Muni bus and streetcar lines and several San Francisco Bay Ferry lines. Golden Gate Ferry fares differ by route, passenger type, fares are effective 6 March 2017. Youths are ages 5 through 18, seniors are ages 65 and over. Up to 2 children ages 4 and under ride free when accompanied by an adult, transfers from Golden Gate Ferry to Golden Gate Transit are available only with the use of a Clipper card. Transfers from Golden Gate Transit to Golden Gate Ferry are available with cash or use of a Clipper card, transfers are valid for 4 hours for inter-county travel. Transfers may be used up to 3 times to complete a one-way journey, free transfers to and from San Francisco Muni were discontinued in 2010. From Muni to ferry, Clipper customers receive a $0.50 credit on their GGF Clipper fare, the first vessel to provide ferry service was the M. S
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Golden Gate Transit
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Golden Gate Transit is a public transportation system serving the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area in California, United States. It primarily serves Marin and Sonoma counties, and also limited service to San Francisco. Funding for cross-bridge Transbay bus service is subsidized by Golden Gate Bridge tolls in addition to traditional federal. GGT provides some bus service within Marin County under contract with Marin Transit, Golden Gate Transit is constituted as a special district under California State Law, as evidenced by Assembly Bill 584, creating the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District. Napa, Mendocino, and Del Norte,1 Director each, Golden Gate Transit has alleviated congestion on the Golden Gate Bridge and along the Golden Gate Corridor since 1972. A history of service is listed below, with average annual increase in traffic of 70% over 30 years, the Bridge was close to reaching its saturation point. As congestion mounted, several studies were undertaken to identify alternate means of travel between Marin County and San Francisco, the San Francisco-Marin Crossings report of May 1967 looked at the possibility of building another bridge. The District also considered adding a second deck to the Bridge, the Marin County Transit District considered taking over the existing Greyhound system as a commute service to San Francisco. Greyhound provided transit between Marin County and San Francisco at the time and it was unprofitable, so Greyhound management planned to abandon it. As air pollution increased and congestion took its toll on commuters, San Francisco, Marin, the plan called for bus service from neighborhoods in Marin and Sonoma Counties to the San Francisco Financial District and Civic Center areas. By the late 1960s, the Bridge was operating at capacity during the commute period. Original Bridge construction bonds were due to be retired in 1971, and this included any and all forms of transit, including buses and ferries. The word Transportation was added to the Districts name at that time to indicate its new commitment to public transportation, the legislature did not give the District the authority to levy taxes. Legislation also restricted the use of Bridge tolls to support only regional transit services, on 10 December 1971, Assembly Bill 919 was passed, requiring the District to develop a long-range transportation program for the corridor. Bus service began in December 1970 when the District initiated a service to the Sausalito Ferry Terminal using 5 buses leased from Greyhound on 4 bus routes driven by 4 drivers. The District soon bought 132 buses to start its operations, in September 1971, the District hired 30 experienced Greyhound drivers to operate the new bus service. GGT began operating bus service in December 1971 under contract with MCTD. The initial GGT system was operated with 152 buses and facilities in Novato and Santa Rosa, in 1974, the District opened its permanent bus administration and central maintenance facility at 1011 Andersen Drive in San Rafael
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Greyhound Lines
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Greyhound Lines, Inc. usually shortened to Greyhound, is an intercity bus common carrier serving over 3,800 destinations across North America. The companys first route began in Hibbing, Minnesota in 1914, since October 2007, Greyhound has been a subsidiary of British transportation company FirstGroup, but continues to be based in Dallas, Texas, where it has been headquartered since 1987. Greyhound and sister companies in FirstGroup America are the largest motorcoach operators in the United States, carl Eric Wickman was born in Sweden in 1887. In 1905 he moved to the United States where he was working in a mine as an operator in Alice, Minnesota. In the same year, he became a Hupmobile salesman in Hibbing and he proved unable to sell the car. In 1914, using his vehicle, a 7-passenger car, he began a bus service with Andy Anderson. Heed, by transporting iron ore miners from Hibbing to Alice at 15 cents a ride, in 1915 Wickman joined forces with Ralph Bogan, who was running a similar service from Hibbing to Duluth, Minnesota. The name of the new organization was the Mesaba Transportation Company, by the end of World War I in 1918, Wickman owned 18 buses and was making an annual profit of $40,000. In 1922, Wickman joined forces with Orville Caesar, the owner of the Superior White Bus Lines, four years later, Wickman purchased two West Coast operations, the Pioneer Yelloway System and the Pickwick Lines, creating a national intercity bus company. The Greyhound name had its origins in the run of a route from Superior, Wisconsin to Wausau. While passing through a town, Ed Stone, the routes operator. The reflection reminded him of a dog, and he adopted that name for that segment of the Blue Goose Lines. The Greyhound name became popular and later applied to the bus network. Stone later became General Sales Manager of Yellow Truck and Coach, a division of General Motors, Wickman, as the president of the company, continued to expand it so that by 1927, his buses were making transcontinental trips from California to New York. In 1928, Greyhound had an annual income of $6 million. In 1929, Greyhound acquired additional interests in Southland Transportation Company, the Gray Line, Greyhound also acquired an interest in Northland Transportation Company, and renamed it Northland Greyhound Lines. By 1930 more than 100 bus lines had been consolidated into what was called the Motor Transit Company, recognizing that the company needed a more memorable name, the partners of the Motor Transit Company decided to rename it after the Greyhound marketing phrase used by earlier bus lines. Wickmans business suffered during the Great Depression, and by 1931 was over $1 million in debt, as the 1930s progressed and the economy improved, the Greyhound Corporation began to prosper again
38.
San Francisco Bay Ferry
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San Francisco Bay Ferry is a passenger ferry service on the San Francisco Bay, administered by the San Francisco Bay Area Water Emergency Transportation Authority. San Francisco Bay Ferry is not affiliated with Golden Gate Ferry, the San Francisco Bay Area Water Emergency Transportation Authority is a government entity created by the California state legislature in 2007 by Senate Bill 976. The organization was formerly the San Francisco Bay Water Transit Authority, WETA has assumed ferry service previously operated by the City of Alameda and Port of Oakland. The ferry lines operated under the Alameda/Oakland Ferry and Alameda Harbor Bay Ferry names, service to the city of South San Francisco began on 4 June 2012, which also coincided with use of the new San Francisco Bay Ferry name. Ferry service from Oakland began informally on the day of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake when the Bay Bridge was closed, WETA assumed control of the City of Vallejos Baylink Ferry service on July 1,2012. Ferry service from Vallejo to San Francisco dates back to 1986, approximately half of the agencys operating funds come from Regional Measure 2, a $1 toll increase on Bay Area bridges approved in 2004, and the other half comes from fares. WETA plans to new service from Berkeley and Richmond to San Francisco. Its long-term vision also includes service from San Francisco to Antioch, Hercules, Martinez, Redwood City, and Treasure Island. WETA currently operates regular ferry service from Oakland and Alameda to the San Francisco Ferry Building, Pier 41, Angel Island. It also operates limited service from Vallejo, Oakland and Alameda to AT&T Park for San Francisco Giants baseball home games, free parking is available at the Oakland, Alameda, and South San Francisco ferry terminals. Paid parking is limited, but available, at San Franciscos ferry terminals, service operates between the Harbor Bay Ferry Terminal and the Ferry Building. This service began in 1992 and was operated as the Alameda Harbor Bay Ferry. The ferry line provides weekday service only. It takes 30 minutes to cross the bay, with clipper card, fare is $5 each way. Without clipper card, individual one way tickets can be purchased on the boat at $6.25 for adult, daily service operates between Oakland, Alameda, and San Francisco. Limited, seasonal service to Angel Island also is provided. This service began in 1989 and was operated as the Alameda/Oakland Ferry. Service began to Alameda and Oakland on 4 June 2012 and was expanded to include San Francisco in April 2013, the ferry line provides weekday rush-hour service to Oakland and Alameda, as well as leisure service to San Francisco on a limited basis
39.
SamTrans
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SamTrans is a public transport agency in and around San Mateo, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It provides bus service throughout San Mateo County and into portions of San Francisco, SamTrans also operates commuter shuttles to BART stations and community shuttles. Service is largely concentrated on the east side of the Santa Cruz Mountains, SamTrans is constituted as a special district under California state law. The district was established in 1976 and consolidated eleven different municipal bus systems serving the county, one year later, SamTrans began operation of mainline bus service to San Francisco. In addition to fixed bus and paratransit operations, the district participates in the administration of the San Jose-San Francisco commuter rail line Caltrain. Most routes provide connecting service to BART, Caltrain, or both, there is also regular scheduled service to San Francisco International Airport and Transbay Terminal in downtown San Francisco. Unlike most large transit operators in the Bay Area, SamTrans outsources to private contractors the operation of a number of its routes, the current contract operator for Peninsula mainline, Coastside and paratransit services is MV Transportation. SamTrans previously operated special service for a couple of Bay Area events such as San Francisco 49ers home football games, since SamTrans reorganized its bus routes in August 1999, it adopted a new route designation system to identify service types, geographical coverage, and connections to rail services. Express bus routes are designated by a letter and X, in December 2009, seven express routes were eliminated due to budget constraints, route KX is the only remaining express route. Local routes have two or three digits or a special designation. Most of these routes do not connect with rail and operate on school days, SamTrans offers bus tokens for adult and youth local fares, US$16 and US$10 respectively, in packages of ten. Multiple tokens or combinations of tokens and cash are accepted for journeys requiring higher fares, tokens are promoted as being easier to handle than cash, and also include discounts. For example, a package of tokens includes 2 free rides assuming the others are worth $2 each or $1.25 each, SamTrans does not provide transfers but offers a Day Pass which allows unlimited rides on local routes and a credit on higher-cost routes. The cost of the Day Pass is three times the one-way fare on the routes for adults, youth, and seniors/disabled/Medicare cardholders. Clipper cards come in four varieties, adult, youth, senior, adult Clipper cards may be obtained from a wide variety of vendors, but youth, senior and disabled Clipper cards must be obtained from SamTrans or another Bay Area transit agency. Each Clipper card contains some sort of stored value and the history of recent trips using the card, Clipper cards generally confer an approximately 10% discount relative to cash fares. With the exception of youth summer passes, all SamTrans monthly passes must be loaded onto a Clipper card, youth, senior and disabled monthly passes may only be loaded onto a corresponding Clipper card obtained from SamTrans or another Bay Area transit agency. To ride SamTrans with Clipper card, the card must be tagged by the Clipper card reader installed at the front of the bus near the farebox
Muni: L Owl
Media related to 15th Avenue and Taraval station at Wikimedia Commons
