The 169th Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment of the United States Army and Connecticut National Guard. The regiment may be traced to English train bands that formed in settlements of Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield as these settlements consolidated from 1633 to 1636 and deployed during the Pequot War from 1636 to 1638. As the settlements in what would become Hartford County grew, the militia was reorganized for drill in 1672 essentially into a county regiment. The U.S. Army recognizes the regiment from its reorganization by an act of the Connecticut Assembly on 11 October 1739 as the 1st Connecticut Regiment. It is Connecticut's oldest regiment when considered from its formation of train bands in 1633 to 1636 in Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield.

The Connecticut Military Department is a state agency of the government of Connecticut. Its primary components are the Connecticut Army National Guard, the Connecticut Air National Guard, and four companies of the state militia. The Military Department of the State of Connecticut traces its origins to May 11, 1637, when the "General Courts" established a military arm of the provincial government. In 1939, the State's Military Department was established to consolidate the offices of Adjutant General, Quartermaster General, Armory Board, and Armory Board Inspector.