1.
1741 in architecture
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The year 1741 in architecture involved some significant events. Auberge de Castille in Valletta, Malta, remodelled to a plan attributed to Andrea Belli, new building for the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh in Scotland, designed by William Adam, opens. Mineral Water Hospital, Bath, England, designed by John Wood, santissimo Nome di Maria al Foro Traiano in Rome, designed by Antoine Derizet, completed about this date. Construction begins on the following Palladian style buildings The Berlin Court Opera, russborough House in Ireland, to a design by Richard Cassels
2.
1742 in architecture
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The year 1742 in architecture involved some significant events. Hôtel de Caumont, Aix-en-Provence, designed by Robert de Cotte and Georges Vallon, kozłówka Palace, Poland, designed by Józef Fontana II, completed. Palace of Portici, Italy, designed by Antonio Canevari, completed, palais Rohan, Strasbourg, Alsace, designed by Robert de Cotte, completed. Malplaquet House, east London, England, built, berlin Court Opera, designed by Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff, inaugurated. Queen Mary Court at Greenwich Hospital, London, planned by Wren and Hawksmoor, redland Chapel, Bristol, England, designed probably by John Strahan or William Halfpenny, built. Batty Langley publishes Ancient Architecture Restored in England, a pattern book for Gothic Revival architecture. March 13 - Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Prussian architect June 29 - Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach, Austrian architect
3.
1744 in architecture
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The year 1744 in architecture involved some significant events. Giác Lâm Pagoda in Saigon is built by Lý Thụy Long, sabil-Kuttab of Katkhuda in Cairo, designed by Katkhuda of Egypt, is built. Tombul Mosque in Shumen, Ottoman Empire, is completed, st Botolphs Aldgate church in the City of London, designed by George Dance the Elder, is completed. St John the Baptists Church, Knutsford in England, designed by J. Garlive, is completed, twelve Collegia in Saint Petersburg, designed by Domenico Trezzini and Theodor Schwertfeger, is completed. The second Summer Palace in Saint Petersburg, designed by Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli, is completed, remodelling of the Hirschholm Palace in Denmark to a design by Lauritz de Thurah is completed. Remodelling of the Princes Mansion, Copenhagen in Denmark by Nicolai Eigtved is completed, the Würzburg Residence in Germany, designed by Balthasar Neumann with Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt, Maximilian von Welsch, Robert de Cotte and Germain Boffrand, is completed. Morelia Cathedral in Mexico is completed, alamo Mission in San Antonio is begun. Holden Chapel at Harvard University is completed, st. Peters Church in the Great Valley of Chester County, Pennsylvania, is built. Withcote Chapel in Leicestershire, England, is remodelled, st. Martins Church, Warsaw, is reconstructed to a design by Karol Bay at about this date. August 7 - Thomas Harrison, English architect September 20 or 21 - Giacomo Quarenghi, Italian-born architect
4.
1746 in architecture
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The year 1746 in architecture involved some significant events. Mansion of Ledreborg on Zealand, designed by Johan Cornelius Krieger, asamkirche, Munich, designed by Egid Quirin Asam and Cosmas Damian Asam, completed. Old Trinity Cathedral, Saint Petersburg, Russia, completed, st Lawrences Church, Mereworth, England, consecrated. Rebuilding of main chapel of the Cathedral of Évora, Portugal, designed by João Frederico Ludovice, second phase of construction of Poppelsdorf Palace near Bonn completed. Foundation stone of new Inveraray Castle in Scotland laid, august 3 – James Wyatt, English architect May 15 – John James, English architect June 8 – Giacomo Leoni, Venetian-born architect
5.
1747 in architecture
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The year 1747 in architecture involved some significant events. Sanssouci in Potsdam, designed by Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff, is completed, reconstruction of church of Santi Quaranta Martiri e San Pasquale Baylon, Rome, by Giuseppe Sardi is completed. Visitation of Mary Church, designed by Candido Zulliani, is consecrated, the tower of St. Marys Church, Rotherhithe, London, is built by Lancelot Dowbiggin. Usk Bridge, Monmouthshire, designed by William Edwards, is completed, vincenzo Brenna, Florentine-born architect April 24 - Johann Georg Fischer, German architect
6.
1748 in architecture
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The year 1748 in architecture involved some significant events. Duke Street, Bath, England, designed by John Wood, holywell Music Room, Oxford, England, the oldest purpose-built concert hall in Europe, designed by Dr. Thomas Camplin. Mansion House, Doncaster, Yorkshire, England, designed by James Paine, is completed, margravial Opera House in Bayreuth, Bavaria, designed by Joseph Saint-Pierre with interior by Giuseppe Galli Bibiena and his son Carlo, is completed. Rebuilt Teatro San Samuele in Venice is opened, chapel at Fulneck Moravian Settlement, Yorkshire, England, completed. Igreja Matriz de Belazaima do Chão, Águeda Municipality, Portugal, Åkerö Manor in Södermanland, Sweden, designed by Carl Hårleman, built. Honing Hall in Norfolk, England, built, garron Bridge on Inveraray Castle estate in Scotland, designed by Roger Morris and/or his kin Robert Morris, completed
7.
1749 in architecture
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See also, other events of 1749 and architecture timeline. April 12 - The Radcliffe Camera in Oxford, England, designed by James Gibbs, is opened as a library, mathematical Bridge at Queens College, Cambridge, England, designed by William Etheridge, is built by James Essex. La Vieille Charité almshouses in Marseille completed to the designs of Pierre Puget, work begins on Kings Chapel, in Boston, Massachusetts, designed by Peter Harrison. Work begins on Reales Astilleros de Esteiro in Ferrol, Spain
8.
1750 in architecture
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The year 1750 in architecture involved some significant events. November 18 - Westminster Bridge across the River Thames in London, kedleston Hall in Derbyshire, England, is commissioned by Sir Nathaniel Curzon, to be designed by James Paine and Matthew Brettingham. Calcot Park, Berkshire, England, is rebuilt by John Blagrave, william Halfpenny publishes Rural Architecture in the Chinese Taste in England
9.
1752 in architecture
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The year 1752 in architecture involved some significant events. Valletta Waterfront on Malta is built, including the Church of the Flight into Egypt, mansion House, London, designed by George Dance the Elder, is completed. West wing of St Bartholomews Hospital, London, designed by James Gibbs, is built, mariyinsky Palace in Kiev is completed by Ivan Fyodorovich Michurin to the design of Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli. Khan Asad Pasha, Damascus is completed, rebuilding of church of San Biagio, Venice, probably by Filippo Rossi, is completed. Church of La Visitation-de-la-Bienheureuse-Vierge-Marie on the island of Montreal, designed by Philippe Liébert is consecrated, opéra-Théâtre de Metz Métropole in Metz, Lorraine, designed by Jacques Oger is opened. Osteiner Hof in Mainz, designed by Johann Valentin Thomann, is completed, croome Court in Worcestershire, England, designed by Capability Brown and Sanderson Miller, is completed. Pollok House near Glasgow in Scotland, designed by William Adam is built, kinbuck Bridge in Scotland is built
10.
1753 in architecture
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The year 1753 in architecture involved some significant events. Horse Guards in London, designed by William Kent and John Vardy, is completed, state House in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, designed by Edmund Woolley and Andrew Hamilton, is completed. New Branicki Palace, Warsaw, designed by Johann Sigmund Deybel, is completed, first stage of Horace Walpoles Gothic Revival castle at Strawberry Hill House near London is completed. Kastrupgård in Copenhagen, designed by Jacob Fortling for himself, is completed, carlyle House, Alexandria, Virginia, is completed. Cuvilliés Theatre in the Munich Residenz, Bavaria, designed by François de Cuvilliés, is opened, schlosstheater Schwetzingen in Schwetzingen Palace, Baden-Württemberg, designed by Nicolas de Pigage, is opened. Teatro Carignano in Turin, designed by Benedetto Alfieri, is opened, church of Santa Caterina, designed by Giovanni Del Fantasia, is opened. New church of San Geremia in Venice, designed by Carlo Corbellini, is built, sunehri Masjid, Lahore, designed by Nawab Syed Bhikari Khan, is built. Outer Pagoda of Monk Wansong in Beijing is built, barakoni church in Georgia is commissioned from Avtandil Shulavreli. January 6 - Samuel Pepys Cockerell, English architect September 10 - John Soane, English architect Henry A
11.
1754 in architecture
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The year 1754 in architecture involved some significant events. The Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc, Moravia, finished and consecrated, kings Chapel, in Boston, Massachusetts, designed by Peter Harrison, completed. Wieskirche in Steingaden, Bavaria, designed by Johann Baptist Zimmermann and Dominikus Zimmermann, versailles Cathedral in France, designed by Jacques Hardouin-Mansart de Sagonne, completed and consecrated August 24. Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar in Zaragoza, Aragon, begun to the design of Francisco Herrera the Younger in 1681 and continued by Felipe Sánchez, stroganov Palace in Saint Petersburg, designed by Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli, completed. Pavillon du Butard in France, designed by Ange-Jacques Gabriel for Louis XV, tomb of Safdarjung in Delhi, a late example of Mughal architecture, completed. Mow Cop Castle in Staffordshire, a folly, built by Randle Wilbraham, Liverpool Town Hall, in Liverpool, designed by John Wood, the Elder, completed. St Andrews Church, Kiev, in Russia, designed by Bartolomeo Rastrelli, obando Church, in the Philippines, completed and consecrated April 29. Steeple added to Christ Church, Philadelphia, making it the tallest building in North America
12.
1756 in architecture
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The year 1756 in architecture involved some significant events. Greek Revival architecture appears in the design for Nuneham House in Oxfordshire, England. John Smeaton produces the first high-quality cement using hydraulic lime since Roman times for construction of the third Eddystone Lighthouse, replacement Catherine Palace, Tsarskoye Selo in Russia, designed by Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli, is completed. Klov Palace, Kiev in Russia, probably designed by Gottfried Schädel, replacement Basilica of the Birth of the Virgin Mary, Chełm in Poland, designed by Paweł Fontana, is completed. Reconstruction of Abbots Palace in Gdańsk, Poland, is completed, newbridge, now Old Bridge, Pontypridd in Wales, designed by William Edwards, is completed. St Andrews in the Square, Glasgow, Scotland, designed by Allan Dreghorn, is completed, octagon Chapel, Norwich in England, designed by Thomas Ivory, is completed. Original Whitefields Tabernacle, Tottenham Court Road in London is built, trafford Hall in England is built. Wrotham Park, Hertfordshire in England, designed by Isaac Ware, is completed, the Presidents House, New Jersey, is built. Alloways Creek Friends Meetinghouse, Hancocks Bridge, New Jersey, is built, saint Gevorg of Mughni Church, Tbilisi in Armenia is completely rebuilt. St John the Evangelist Church, Shobdon, Herefordshire, England, is rebuilt with a Strawberry Hill Gothic interior. Elements of the building are incorporated in folly arches nearby. Isaac Ware publishes A Complete Body of Architecture in London
13.
1757 in architecture
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The year 1757 in architecture involved some significant events. Vorontsov Palace, designed by Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli, is completed, gammel Holtegård near Copenhagen is completed by architect Lauritz de Thurah as a house for himself. Hôtel dEsmivy de Moissac in Aix-en-Provence is completed with a designed by Georges Vallon. Nuthall Temple in Nottinghamshire, England, a Palladian house attributed to the polymath Thomas Wright, is completed, swinfen Hall in Staffordshire, England, designed by Benjamin Wyatt, is built. Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, Negoslavci in Croatia is completed, wolvendaal Church in Colombo is completed. Ossians Hall of Mirrors in Scotland, a folly, is built, william Chambers - Designs of Chinese Buildings, furniture, dresses, machines, and utensils, to which is annexed a description of their temples, houses, gardens, &c
14.
1759 in architecture
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The year 1759 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. Work begins on Harewood House in Yorkshire, England, designed by John Carr, dumfries House in Scotland, designed by Robert Adam. West front of Trinity College, Dublin on College Green, designed by Henry Keene, royal Palace of Riofrío in Spain, designed by Virgilio Rabaglio
15.
1760 in architecture
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The year 1760 in architecture involved some significant events. The Laleli Mosque in Istanbul is begun, St. Georges Cathedral, Lviv, Ukraine, designed by Bernard Meretin, is completed. Servite Church, Vienna, designed by Martin Carlone, is consecrated, Santa Maria della Pietà, Venice, designed by Giorgio Massari, is completed. Most Holy Trinity Church, Fulnek, Moravia, designed by Nikolaus Thalherr, is completed, Østre Porsgrunn Church in Telemark, Norway, designed by Lauritz de Thurah and Andreas Pfützner and built by Joen Jacobsen, is consecrated. Holy Trinity Church, Warrington, England, is completed, interior rococo church decoration of the Monastery of São Martinho de Tibães in northern Portugal, designed by André Soares, is completed. Reredos of Our Lady of Light in Christo Rey Church, Santa Fe, reconstruction of St. Cyrils Monastery in Kiev by Ivan Hryhorovych-Barskyi is completed. Castellania in Valletta, completed by Giuseppe Bonnici to a design by Francesco Zerafa, is opened, edinburgh City Chambers, designed by John Adam as the Royal Exchange, is opened. Hagley Hall in Worcestershire, England, designed by Sanderson Miller, is completed, brockdorffs Palace in Copenhagen is completed. Grassalkovich Palace in Bratislava is built, palazzo Estense in Varese, Lombardy, designed by Giuseppe Bianchi, is completed. New country house at Sølyst near Copenhagen is built, arnos Court Triumphal Arch in Bristol, England, designed by James Bridges, is built. In Amalfi, at Duomo square, a fountain is built. In Cortona, Tuscany, La Mucchia casa vacanze, a typical Tuscan farmhouse, is built by Count Passerini of Cortona
16.
1761 in architecture
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The year 1761 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. Robert Adam and Sir William Chambers are jointly appointed Architect of the Kings Works to King George III of Great Britain, aina Mahal in Bhuj, Gujarat, India, built by Rao Lakhpatji. Christ Church, designed by Peter Harrison, is completed, st. George Church, Moldavia, with a 99-foot high bell tower once gilded in 18-carat gold. Penicuik House in Scotland built by Sir James Clerk, 3rd Baronet
17.
Codrington Library
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The Codrington Library is an academic library in the city of Oxford, England. It is the library of All Souls College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford. The library in its current form was endowed by Christopher Codrington, Codrington bequeathed books worth £6,000, in addition to £10,000 in currency. The library, designed by Nicholas Hawksmoor and begun in 1716, was completed in 1751 and has been in use by scholars since then. It is a grade 1 listed building, the modern collection comprises some 185,000 items, about a third of which were produced before 1800. The librarys collections are strong in Law, European History, Ecclesiastical History, Military History. There is a collection devoted to sociological topics and the History of Science. Unusually for an Oxford college library, access to the Codrington is open to all members of the University, the library contains a significant collection of manuscripts and early printed books, and attracts scholars from around the world. The Codrington Library homepage The Unseen University, The Codrington Library
18.
Dresden Cathedral
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Always the most important Catholic church of the city, it was elevated to the status of cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dresden-Meissen in 1964. It is located near the Elbe River in the center of Dresden. The Hofkirche stands as one of Dresdens foremost landmarks and it was designed by architect Gaetano Chiaveri from 1738 to 1751. The church was commissioned by Augustus III, Elector of Saxony, whilst the general population was protestant its rulers were catholic. The catholic Elector built the cathedral for his own use and for the use of other high-ranking officials, the church was badly damaged in February 1945 during the bombing of Dresden in the Second World War. It was initially restored during the mid-1980s by the East German government and it was further restored in the early 21st century following reunification, including the rebuilding of the bridge to the castle. Today it is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dresden-Meissen, free entry is permitted during the daytime. The cathedral features a carefully restored organ, the last work of the organ builder Gottfried Silbermann. It also contains a Rococo pulpit by Balthasar Permoser, media related to Katholische Hofkirche, Dresden at Wikimedia Commons
19.
1738 in architecture
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See also,1737 in architecture, other events of 1738,1739 in architecture and the architecture timeline. William Kent is appointed to remodel Rousham House and gardens in Oxfordshire, England, san Simeone Piccolo on the Grand Canal, designed by Giovanni Antonio Scalfarotto, completed. Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Palma, Algeciras, Spain, designed by Alonso Barranco, welsh Charity School, Clerkenwell, London, designed by James Steer. Residenz Ansbach reconstruction completed by Leopold Retti
20.
St Michael in Berg am Laim (Munich)
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St. Clemens August owned Berg am Laim as a manor. It was also served by a Brotherhood of St. Michael the Archangel, the Catholic church is one of the chief works of the Bavarian rococo period. The elegant facade with its twin towers provides a strong vertical accent was designed as the feature of a street to the inner city which was never built. It is the church of Fischer which was decorated in the rococo style with rich rocaille, maybe this was due to François de Cuvilliés the Elder. Large round-headed arches divide the interior of the church in different sections, the central space is decorated by pilasters and columns and the corners are rounded off by several niches. The stucco and frescoes were created by Johann Baptist Zimmermann in 1743, the gilded figures on either side of the tabernacle are a contribution of Ignaz Günther. The painting of the high altar celebrating the archangel and the statue of St. Roch ) were created already before the construction of the church, the altarpiece of the side altar St. Norbert was painted by Ignaz Joseph Schilling. During World War II the church was damaged on 30 April 1945 by artillery hit in the nave. Saint Michael Warburg Institute Iconographic Database
21.
Johann Michael Fischer
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Johann Michael Fischer was a German architect in the late Baroque period. Fischer was born in Burglengenfeld, Upper Palatinate and he is a major representative of south German Baroque architects. He studied in Bohemia and combined Bohemian elements with Bavarian Baroque traditions, Fischer died, aged 74, in Munich, and is buried in the Munich Frauenkirche. Fischer designed 32 churches and 23 monasteries in southern Germany, among these, the best-known are the following
22.
1736 in architecture
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Karlskirche in Vienna, designed by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, is completed by his son, Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach. Melk Abbey in Austria, designed by Jakob Prandtauer, is completed, town church of Piaseczno in Poland, designed by Carl Frederick Pöppelmann, is built. Rebuilt church of St George the Martyr Southwark in London, designed by John Price, is completed, rebuilt St Swithuns Church, Worcester, England, designed by Thomas and Edward Woodward, is completed. Rebuilt Reformed Church, Șimleu Silvaniei in Romania is completed and consecrated, reconstruction of church of San Marcuola on the Grand Canal in Venice, designed by Antonio Gaspari, is completed by Giorgio Massari. Church and Convent of Capuchins in Antigua Guatemala is consecrated, khan Sulayman Pasha in Damascus is completed. Đình Bảng communal house in Vietnam is completed, roskilde Royal Mansion, designed by Lauritz de Thurah, is completed. Hermitage Hunting Lodge, designed by Lauritz de Thurah, is completed, scots Mining Company House at Leadhills in Scotland, attributed to William Adam, is built. North wing of house at Bregentved on the Danish island of Zealand, the Burroughs Building at Peterhouse, Cambridge, England, designed by James Burrough, is built. York House, St Jamess Palace, London, is built, marschall Palais in Wilhelmstraße, Berlin, designed by Philipp Gerlach, is built
23.
Calvary (sculpture)
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They are equally familiar as wayside structures provided with minimal sheltering roofs in Italy and Spain. In northern France and Belgium, such wayside calvaries erected at the junction of routes, the oldest surviving calvaire is at the Chapelle Notre-Dame-de-Tronoën in the town of Saint-Jean-Trolimon, in south Finistère, near the Pointe de la Torche. This is raised on a base which also includes carved representations of the Last Supper. Calvaires played an important role in Breton pilgrimages known as Pardons, in some instances the Calvary forms part of an outdoor pulpit or throne. Calvaires are to be found in numbers throughout Brittany. A 16th-century calvaire from Louargat, Brittany, transplanted to serve as a World War I memorial, the most notable Calvary monument outside Brittany is at Lourdes. This was specifically intended to represent Breton Catholicism and it was created by the sculptor Yves Hernot in 1900 as a gift to Lourdes from the main Breton dioceses, Rennes, Vannes, Quimper and Saint-Brieuc. The monument comprises a central cross set within a raised square base at each corner of which a statue of one of the witnesses to the crucifixion is placed. High cross, British sculptures Russian Calvary cross
24.
Kingdom of Hungary
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The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen I at Esztergom in about the year 1000, by the 12th century, the kingdom became a European middle power within the Western world. The House of Habsburg held the Hungarian throne after the Battle of Mohács until 1918, from 1867 territories connected to the Hungarian crown were incorporated into Austria-Hungary under the name of Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen. The monarchy ended with the deposition of the last king Charles IV in 1918, the kingdom was nominally restored during the Regency of 1920–46, ending with the Soviet occupation in 1946. From 1102 it also included Croatia, being in union with it. Today, the feast day of the first king Stephen I is a holiday in Hungary. The Latin forms Regnum Hungariae or Ungarie, Regnum Marianum, or simply Hungaria, were the used in official documents in Latin from the beginning of the kingdom to the 1840s. The German name Königreich Ungarn was used officially from 1784 to 1790, the Hungarian name was used in the 1840s, and then again from the 1860s to 1946. The non-official Hungarian name of the kingdom was Magyarország, which is still the colloquial, in Austria-Hungary, the unofficial name Transleithania was sometimes used to denote the regions of the Kingdom of Hungary. Officially, the term Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen was included for the Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary, the Hungarians led by Árpád settled the Carpathian Basin in 895, established Principality of Hungary. The Hungarians led several successful incursions to Western Europe, until they were stopped by Otto I, the principality was succeeded by the Christian Kingdom of Hungary with the coronation of St Stephen I at Esztergom on Christmas Day 1000. The first kings of the kingdom were from the Árpád dynasty and he fought against Koppány and in 998, with Bavarian help, defeated him near Veszprém. The Catholic Church received powerful support from Stephen I, who with Christian Hungarians, Stephen I of Hungary was canonized as a Catholic saint in 1083 and an Orthodox saint in 2000. After his death, a period of revolts and conflict for supremacy ensued between the royalty and the nobles, in 1051 armies of the Holy Roman Empire tried to conquer Hungary, but they were defeated at Vértes Mountain. The armies of the Holy Roman Empire continued to suffer defeats, before 1052 Peter Orseolo, a supporter of the Holy Roman Empire, was overthrown by king Samuel Aba of Hungary. This period of revolts ended during the reign of Béla I, Hungarian chroniclers praised Béla I for introducing new currency, such as the silver denarius, and for his benevolence to the former followers of his nephew, Solomon. The second greatest Hungarian king, also from the dynasty, was Ladislaus I of Hungary. He was also canonized as a saint, however, kingship over all of Croatia would not be achieved until the reign of his successor Coloman
25.
Golden Mosque (Red Fort)
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The Sunehri Masjid is a mosque in Old Delhi. It is located outside the southwestern corner of Delhi Gate of the Red Fort, the Sunehri Masjid was constructed between 1747 and 1751 by the order of Qudsia Begum for Nawab Bahadur Javed Khan, a nobleman during the reign of the Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur. Qudsia Begum was the mother of Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur, Javed Khan was the supervisor of the harem and was in great favour with the begum and therefore was very influential. The Sunehri Masjid is made of bassee jung, a light salmon-coloured stone not usually used for building mosques, Nawab Ahmad Bakhsh Khan, father of the Nawab of Firozpur, repaired the mosque to benefit the neighbourhood. Not long after its renovation, Nawab Ahmad Bakhsh Khan was attacked by an elephant while out with his son. His horse was killed in the attack, and his vehicle was destroyed, the Nawab and his son were only saved from death by taking refuge inside this mosque. The mosque is surmounted by three domes, which were originally gilt with copper from which it derives its name, the mosque has a main prayer hall and two minarets. The central arch of the bears a inscription about the builder of the mosque. In 1852, Bahadur Shah II had the mosque repaired and replaced the copper plates of the domes with sandstone facing, Qudsia Bagh Sunehri Masjid Sunehri Masjid Media related to Sunehri Mosque at Wikimedia Commons
26.
Red Fort
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The Red Fort is a historical fort in the city of Delhi in India. It was the residence of the emperors of the Mughal dynasty for nearly 200 years. It is located in the center of Delhi and houses a number of museums, in addition to accommodating the emperors and their households, it was the ceremonial and political centre of the Mughal state and the setting for events critically impacting the region. The imperial apartments consist of a row of pavilions, connected by a channel known as the Stream of Paradise. The Red Fort’s innovative architectural style, including its garden design, influenced later buildings and gardens in Delhi, Rajasthan, Punjab, Kashmir, Braj, Rohilkhand, the fort was plundered of its artwork and jewels during Nadir Shahs invasion of the Mughal Empire in 1747. Most of the precious marble structures were subsequently destroyed by British colonialists following the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. The fortss defensive walls were spared, and the fortress was subsequently used as a garrison. The Red Fort was also the site where British colonialists put the last Mughal Emperor on trial before exiling him to Rangoon in 1858. Every year on the Independence day of India, the Prime Minister hoists the Indian tricolour flag at the gate of the fort. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007 as part of the Red Fort Complex and its English name, Red Fort, is a translation of the Hindustani Lāl Qila deriving from its red-sandstone walls. As the residence of the family, the fort was originally known as the Blessed Fort. Agra Fort is also called Lāl Qila, Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned construction of the Red Fort on 12 May 1639, when he decided to shift his capital from Agra to Delhi. Originally red and white, the Shahs favourite colours, its design is credited to architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri, the fort lies along the Yamuna River, which fed the moats surrounding most of the walls. Construction began in the month of Muharram, on 13 May 1638. Supervised by Shah Jahan, it was completed on 6 April 1648, unlike other Mughal forts, the Red Forts boundary walls are asymmetrical to contain the older Salimgarh Fort. The fortress-palace was a point of the medieval city of Shahjahanabad. Its planning and aesthetics represent the zenith of Mughal creativity prevailing during Shah Jahans reign and his successor Aurangzeb added the Pearl Mosque to the emperors private quarters, constructing barbicans in front of the two main gates to make the entrance to the palace more circuitous. The administrative and fiscal structure of the Mughal dynasty declined after Aurangzeb, when Jahandar Shah took over the Red Fort in 1712, it had been without an emperor for 30 years
27.
Old Delhi
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Old Delhi is a walled city of Delhi, India, founded as Shahjahanabad in 1639 by the Mughal emperor at the time, Shah Jahan. It remained the capital of the Mughal Empire until its fall in 1857 and it was once filled with mansions of nobles and members of the royal court, along with elegant mosques and gardens. Today, despite having become extremely crowded and dilapidated, it serves as the symbolic heart of metropolitan Delhi. The site of Shahjahanabad is north of earlier settlements of Delhi and its southern part overlaps some of the area that was settled by the Tughlaqs in the 14th century when it was the seat of Delhi Sultanate. The sultanates ruled from Delhi between 1206 and 1526, when the last was replaced by the Mughal dynasty, most importantly, Shah Jahan had the walled city built from 1638 to 1649, containing the Lal Qila and the Chandni Chowk. Delhi was one of the twelve subahs, renamed Shahjahanbad in 1648, bordering Awadh, Agra, Ajmer, Multan. Daryaganj had the original cantonment of Delhi, after 1803, where a regiment of Delhi garrison was stationed. East of Daryaganj was Raj ghat Gate of the walled city, first wholesale market of Old Delhi opened as the hardware market in Chawri Bazaar in 1840, the next wholesale market was that of dry fruits, spices and herbs at Khari Baoli, opening in 1850. The Phool Mandi of Daryaganj was established in 1869, and even today, despite serving a small geographical area, after the announcement of the change, the British developed Lutyens Delhi just south-west of Shahjahanabad. At this point, the city started being called Old Delhi. It was formally inaugurated as such in 1931, until the 1930s, few people ventured outside the walled city, thus in the following years, as the walled city got more and more congested, other areas around it were developed. It is approximately shaped like a quarter cìrcle, with the Red Fort as the focal point, ajmeri Gate, southeast, leading to Ghaziuddin Khans Madrassa and Connaught Place, a focal point in New Delhi. Turkman Gate, southeast, close to some remains which got enclosed within the walls. Delhi Gate, south leading to Feroz Shah Kotla and what was then older habitation of Delhi, the surrounding walls,12 feet wide and 26 feet tall, originally of mud, were replaced by red stone in 1657. In the Mughal period, the gates were locked at night. The walls have now disappeared, but most of the gates are still present. The township of old Delhi is still identifiable in an image because of the density of houses. The famous Khooni Darwaza, south of Delhi Gate and just outside the city, was originally constructed by Sher Shah Suri
28.
Old Ursuline Convent, New Orleans
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Ursuline Convent was a series of historic Ursuline convents in New Orleans, Louisiana. The first building for the Ursuline nuns in New Orleans was designed by Ignace François Broutin in 1727 when the arrived in New Orleans. Michael Zeringue, the Kings Master Carpenter from Franconia, Bavaria, planning, collecting material, and construction took years. Existing drawings show the building in 1733, although it was not officially finished until the following year, colombage or briquette-entre-poteaux was the major form of French Colonial construction in the colony during the 18th century. Such construction proved to be inappropriate for the climate of New Orleans. In 1745 plans for a new building of brick and protected colombage were prepared by Ignace Broutin, the contractor was Claude Joseph Villars Dubreuil, Contractor of Public Works for the King. His wife, Marie Payen de Noyan, was Bienvilles sister and this structure was completed in 1751. It is likely that Alexandre de Batz also took part in the design because several payments are listed to him for work on the new building. The new building was laid out adjacent to the site of the older structure, built of stucco-covered brick, the new building, also known as Old Ursuline Convent, is typical for the French neoclassical architecture. It is a formal, symmetrical building, severely designed in its lack of ornamentation, no applied orders of pilasters or columns relieved the plain walls. Only the slightly arched window set in shallow moldings, the quoins at the corners. The broad plain hipped roof, broken only by small low-set dormers contrasts well with the multi-windowed façade and completes the austere but not unpleasant, the ground floor was used largely for the dormitory, classrooms, refectory, and infirmary of the orphanage, maintained by the nuns. The second floor contained cells for the nuns, a library, infirmary, the winding stairway visible from the main entrance hallway is believed to be from the original convent, installed in the new building. This is the finest surviving example of French colonial public architecture in the country and it is by some accounts the oldest structure in New Orleans, built between 1748 and 1752. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960, the convent and its associated school, Ursuline Academy, moved downriver to a site on Dauphine Street in the 9th Ward in 1824, turning over the original convent to the Bishop of New Orleans. It was then referred to as the “Archbishop’s Palace, in 1912 the convent moved uptown to State Street. The Ursuline property covered two city squares, extending to Royal Street, an old ground plan shows a chapel at the corner of Ursulines and Decatur Streets, dedicated to Our Lady of Victory. Near the entrance to the grounds, along the levee, were also a house for visitors, the day school
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All Souls College, Oxford
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All Souls College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Unique to All Souls, all of its members automatically become Fellows, All Souls is one of the wealthiest colleges in Oxford, with a financial endowment of £286. 4m. However, since the Colleges principal source of revenue is its endowment, All Souls is a registered charity under English law. The college is located on the side of the High Street adjoining Radcliffe Square to the west. To the east is The Queens College with Hertford College to the North, the current Warden is Sir John Vickers, a graduate of Oriel College, Oxford. The College was founded by Henry VI of England and Henry Chichele, the Statutes provided for the Warden and forty fellows – all to take Holy Orders, twenty-four to study arts, philosophy and theology, and sixteen to study civil or canon law. Today the College is primarily a research institution. The College now has no undergraduate members, All Souls did once have them, especially in the early 17th century on the instigation of Robert Hovenden, in order to provide the fellows with servientes. The admission of undergraduates for this purpose was abandoned in the 19th century, the All Souls Library was founded through a bequest from Christopher Codrington, a Fellow of the College. Christopher Codrington bequeathed books worth £6,000, in addition to £10,000 in currency and this bequest allowed the library to be built and endowed. Christopher Codrington was born in Barbados, and amassed his fortune from his sugar planation in the West Indies, the library was completed in 1751, and has been in continuous use since then. The modern library comprises some 185,000 items, about a third of which were published before 1800, the collections are particularly strong in Law and History. Built between 1438 and 1442, the chapel remained largely unchanged until the Commonwealth, Oxford, having been a largely Royalist stronghold, suffered under the Puritans wrath. The 42 misericords date from the Chapels building, and show a resemblance to the misericords at Higham Ferrers, both may have been carved by Richard Tyllock. Christopher Wren was a Fellow from 1653, and in 1658 produced a sundial for the College and this was originally placed on the South wall of the Chapel, until it was moved to the quadrangle in 1877. During the 1660s a screen was installed in the Chapel, which was based on a design by Wren, however, this screen needed to be rebuilt by 1713. By the mid-19th century the Chapel was in great need of renovation, each year several dozen typically do so. Two examination fellows are elected each year, although the college has awarded a single place in previous years
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Nicholas Hawksmoor
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Nicholas Hawksmoor was an English architect. He was a figure of the English Baroque style of architecture in the late-seventeenth and early-eighteenth centuries. Part of his work has been attributed to him only relatively recently. Hawksmoor was born in Nottinghamshire in 1661, into a farming family, almost certainly in East Drayton or Ragnall. On his death he was to property at nearby Ragnall, Dunham. It is not known where he received his schooling, but it was probably in more than basic literacy, haukesmore came to London, became clerk to Sr. Christopher Wren & thence became an Architect. Wren, hearing of his skill and genius for architecture. A surviving early sketch-book contains sketches and notes, some dated 1680 and 1683, of buildings in Nottingham, Coventry, Warwick, Bath, Bristol, Oxford and Northampton. These somewhat amateur drawings, now in the Royal Institute of British Architects Drawings Collection and his first official post was as Deputy Surveyor to Wren at Winchester Palace from 1683 until February 1685. Hawksmoors signature appears on a contract for Winchester Palace in November 1684. Wren was paying him 2 shillings a day in 1685 as assistant in his office in Whitehall, from about 1684 to about 1700, Hawksmoor worked with Christopher Wren on projects including Chelsea Hospital, St. Pauls Cathedral, Hampton Court Palace and Greenwich Hospital. Thanks to Wrens influence as Surveyor-General, Hawksmoor was named Clerk of the Works at Kensington Palace, in 1718, when Wren was superseded by the new, amateur Surveyor, William Benson, Hawksmoor was deprived of his double post to provide places for Bensons brother. Poor Hawksmoor, wrote Vanbrugh in 1721, what a Barbarous Age have his fine, ingenious Parts fallen into. What woud Monsr, Colbert in France have given for such a man, only in 1726 after William Bensons successor Hewett died, was Hawksmoor restored to the secretaryship, though not the clerkship which was given to Filtcroft. In 1696, Hawksmoor was appointed surveyor to the Commissioners of Sewers for Westminster, in July 1721, John Vanbrugh made Hawksmoor his deputy as Comptroller of the Works. By 1700 Hawksmoor had emerged as a major architectural personality, and his baroque, but somewhat classical and gothic architectural form was derived from his exploration of Antiquity, the Renaissance, the English Middle Ages and contemporary Italian baroque. Unlike many of his contemporaries, Hawksmoor never travelled to Italy on a Grand Tour. Instead he studied engravings especially monuments of ancient Rome and reconstructions of the Temple of Solomon, in 1702, Hawksmoor designed the baroque country house of Easton Neston in Northamptonshire for Sir William Fermor
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1716 in architecture
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The year 1716 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. December 18 - James Gibbs joins the Vandykes clubb, also called the Club of St Luke for Virtuosi in London, jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond becomes chief architect of Saint Petersburg in Russia. Italian architect and sculptor Carlo Bartolomeo Rastrelli relocates to Russia to work on a bust of Alexander Menshikov, Nicholas Hawksmoor advises on the restoration of Beverley Minster in the north of England. June 21 - Work begins on construction of the Codrington Library at All Souls College, Oxford, to the design of Nicholas Hawksmoor, americas first lighthouse, Boston Light, is built, it will be destroyed in the American Revolution and rebuilt in 1783. In Buenos Aires, Argentina, a monastery is built by Franciscan Recoleto monks, veltrusy Mansion, Bohemia, designed by František Maxmilián Kaňka. Work begins on Kneuterdijk Palace, in The Hague, Netherlands, built by Daniel Marot for the Count of Wassenaar-Obdam
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Prince William Mansion, Copenhagen
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The Prince Wilhelm Mansion is a historic property on the corner of Sankt Annæ Plads and Amaliegade in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It is owned by the property investment company Jeudan which is headquartered in the building, the mansion was built from 1749 to 1752 by Wilhelm August von der Osten within the former grounds of Sophie Amalienborg which were now up for redevelopment into the new Frederiksstaden district. The house was purchased by Charles August Selby, an English-born merchant involved in trade on the Danish West Indies. In 1804, he sold it to the Imperial Roman Vice consul Romeis, then in 1826 it was acquired by King Frederick VI who put it at the disposal of Prince William of Hesse-Kassel. He lived there until his death in 1867, after that, the building came to new use. The Nobel Prize-winning medical doctor Niels Finsen for a lived in the building as a young student and is now commemorated with a plaque on the buildings facade. In 1878, it was acquired by a restaurateur, Lars Larsen and he later changed the name back to Prins Wilhelms Palæ which have rise to the popular name Prins Larsens Palæ. The Medical Society for Women was founded in the great hall on 28 November 1907. In the 1920s, the building came to serve as headquarters for the oil company Det Danske Petroleums Aktieselskab, the building is now owned by the property company Jeudan
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Kuskovo
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Kuskovo was the summer country house and estate of the Sheremetev family. Built in the century, it was originally situated several miles to the east of Moscow but now is part of the East District of the city. It was one of the first great summer country estates of the Russian nobility, today the estate is the home of the Russian State Museum of Ceramics, and the park is a favourite place of recreation for Muscovites. There was already a church on the site, a house. The palace was constructed by his son Petr Borisovich Sheremetev, Count Sheremetev was one of the richest men in Russia, close to the court and a patron of the arts. He built Kuskovo at approximately the time that he built a city palace on the banks of the Fontanka River in St. Petersburg. When he decided to build a palace at Kuskovo, he ordered that it be larger and more beautiful than the estates of other nobles, construction was carried out between the 1730s and the 1790s on a site of over 300 hectares. The earliest surviving structure is the Saviour church, on the site of the old church, built in 1737-39 in a Petrine baroque style. The neoclassical bell-tower was added later, in 1792, the Dutch House was constructed between 1749 and 1751 by architect Y. I. Kologrivov, who enlarged the pond into a lake and laid out the park. After the death of Kologrivov in 1754, the construction of the palace was begun by the young architect Fiodor I, Argunov, who had designed the grotto and the belvedere by the canal in the eastern part of the park. The construction of the house occupied the 1760s, the neoclassical facade, attributed to the French architect Charles de Wailly, was added in 1774 after the son of the owner returned from Paris 1773. The twenty-six rooms of the palace were designed for entertaining and impressing guests on state occasions, Count Sheremetev entertained in a grand style, his outdoor entertainments in the park attracted as many twenty-five thousand guests. Entertainments included his a famous theater and orchestra with serf actors, the estate was visited by Empress Catherine II in 1775, an obelisk in the park marks the event. By the end of the 18th century, the estate went into a decline and it was badly damaged during the French invasion in 1812. In the 1830s, the theater was torn down. After the abolition of serfdom in 1861, parcels of land were divided up, in the 19th century much of the furniture was moved to the city residences of the Shermetevs in Moscow and St. Petersburg. After the 1917 Revolution, the estate was nationalized, in 1919 the palace was turned into a small museum of natural history
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Santo Domingo convent
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The Santo Domingo Convent, or Basilic of Our Lady of the Rosary and Convent of Santo Domingo is a convent for Our Lady of the Rosary located in the Monserrat neighborhood of Buenos Aires. Built during the times, it was the scenario of a military conflict during the British invasions of the Río de la Plata. It holds as well the tomb of the Argentine national hero Manuel Belgrano, although the Dominicans occupied the site since 1606, it was not until 1751 that they began to raise the present building, designed by the architect Antonio Masella Turin. On June 29 the stone foundation of the temple was laid, from 1762 until 1779 construction efforts were renewed by Don Juan de Lezica and Torrezuri as the main benefactor and director of the project. The unfinished church was consecrated on October the 17th of 1783, the following year the tower was completed. The February 11,1792, when the donations were gathered. It was concluded in 1805, as deduced from the absence of records of expenses on the project. The June 27,1806, British troops under General William Beresford attacked Buenos Aires, the invading force was defeated on the 12th of the month, and Liniers donated the flags on the 24th. They are since then kept at the church, on July the second of 1807 the British attempted to seize Buenos Aires for the second time. The tower was damaged by fire and rebuilt afterwards. The original projectiles have been removed from the structure and replaced with pieces of wood representing the impacts. In 1817, the English artist Emeric Essex Vidal visited the city, one which included the Church of Santo Domingo. He would comment that the building is in a state of disrepair, and has nothing noteworthy except for the colors, during the rule of president Bernardino Rivadavia the Dominicans were expelled from the country. The building became a Natural History Museum in 1826, under the direction of Italian chemist and botanist Pablo Ferrari. It The museum used to contain some 800 pieces of the kingdom,1500 minerals. Unfortunately due to the general disinterest in science most of the records were lost, some of which were used by Humboldt. Mossottis observations on an eclipse and the comet Encke were published by the Royal Astronomical Society of London. In October the 22nd of 1835 President Rosas personally issued a decree allowing the Dominicans to return to the country, in virtue of this resolution Rosas was named a borother of Dominican order
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Buenos Aires
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Buenos Aires is the capital and most populous city of Argentina. The city is located on the shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata. The city of Buenos Aires is neither part of Buenos Aires Province nor the Provinces capital, rather, in 1880, after decades of political infighting, Buenos Aires was federalized and removed from Buenos Aires Province. The city limits were enlarged to include the towns of Belgrano and Flores, the 1994 constitutional amendment granted the city autonomy, hence its formal name, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Its citizens first elected a chief of government in 1996, previously, Buenos Aires is considered an alpha city by the study GaWC5. Buenos Aires quality of life was ranked 81st in the world and one of the best in Latin America in 2012 and it is the most visited city in South America, and the second-most visited city of Latin America. Buenos Aires is a top tourist destination, and is known for its preserved Spanish/European-style architecture, Buenos Aires held the 1st Pan American Games in 1951 as well as hosting two venues in the 1978 FIFA World Cup. Buenos Aires will host the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics and the 2018 G20 summit, Buenos Aires is a multicultural city, being home to multiple ethnic and religious groups. Several languages are spoken in the city in addition to Spanish, contributing to its culture, the hill was known to them as Buen Ayre, as it was free of the foul smell prevalent in the old city, which is adjacent to swampland. During the siege of Cagliari, the Aragonese built a sanctuary to the Virgin Mary on top of the hill, in 1335, King Alfonso the Gentle donated the church to the Mercedarians, who built an abbey that stands to this day. In the years after that, a story circulated, claiming that a statue of the Virgin Mary was retrieved from the sea after it miraculously helped to calm a storm in the Mediterranean Sea, the statue was placed in the abbey. Spanish sailors, especially Andalusians, venerated this image and frequently invoked the Fair Winds to aid them in their navigation, a sanctuary to the Virgin of Buen Ayre would be later erected in Seville. Pedro de Mendoza called the city Holy Mary of the Fair Winds, mendoza’s settlement soon came under attack by indigenous people, and was abandoned in 1541. For many years, the name was attributed to a Sancho del Campo, a second settlement was established in 1580 by Juan de Garay, who sailed down the Paraná River from Asunción. Garay preserved the name chosen by Mendoza, calling the city Ciudad de la Santísima Trinidad y Puerto de Santa María del Buen Aire. The short form Buenos Aires became the common usage during the 17th century, the usual abbreviation for Buenos Aires in Spanish is Bs. As. It is common as well to refer to it as B. A. or BA /ˌbiːˈeɪ/ bee-AY), while BA is used more by expats residing in the city, the locals more often use the abbreviation Baires, in one word. Seaman Juan Díaz de Solís, navigating in the name of Spain, was the first European to reach the Río de la Plata in 1516 and his expedition was cut short when he was killed during an attack by the native Charrúa tribe in what is now Uruguay
