1755 Lisbon earthquake
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The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, also known as the Great Lisbon earthquake, hit the Iberian Peninsula and Northwest Africa on the morning of Saturday, 1 November, Feast of All Saints, at around 09:40 local
1755 copper engraving showing Lisbon in flames and a tsunami overwhelming the ships in the harbor
Calculated travel times (in hours) for the tsunami waves of 1 November 1755
The ruins of the Carmo Convent, which was destroyed in the Lisbon earthquake.
Executions in the aftermath of the Lisbon earthquake. At least 34 looters were hanged in the chaotic aftermath of the disaster. As a warning against looting, King Joseph I ordered gallows to be constructed in several parts of the city.
Theodicy
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A theodicy, meaning 'vindication of God', is an argument in the philosophy of religion that attempts to resolve the problem of evil, which arises when all power and all goodness are attributed to God
1755 Lisbon earthquake
…disrupted the Portuguese Empire. The event was widely discussed and dwelt upon by European Enlightenment philosophers, and inspired major developments in theodicy. As the first earthquake studied scientifically for its effects over a large area, it led to the birth of modern seismology and earthquake engineering…
Gottfried Leibniz coined the term theodicy to justify God's existence in light of the apparent imperfections of the world.
Emmanuel Levinas, a French Jewish philosopher