1.
1780
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As of the start of 1780, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. January 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Cape St. Vincent, february 29 – The Omicron Delta Omega co-ed fraternity is founded by Benjamin Franklin. March 26 – The British Gazette and Sunday Monitor, the first Sunday newspaper in Britain, april 16 – The University of Münster in Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany is founded. May 4 – The first Epsom Derby horse race is run on Epsom Downs, Surrey, may 12 – American Revolutionary War, Charleston, South Carolina is taken by British forces. May 13 – Cumberland Compact signed by American settlers in the Cumberland Valley of Tennessee, may 19 – New Englands Dark Day, An unaccountable darkness spreads over New England, regarded by some observers as a fulfillment of Bible prophecy. May 29 – American Revolutionary War, Loyalist forces under Col. Banastre Tarleton kill surrendering American soldiers in the Waxhaw Massacre, june 2 – An Anti-Catholic mob led by Lord George Gordon marches on Parliament of Great Britain leading to the outbreak of the Gordon Riots in London. June 7 – The Gordon Riots in London are ended by the intervention of troops, about 285 people are shot dead, with another 200 wounded and around 450 arrested. June 23 – American Revolutionary War, Battle of Springfield – The Continental Army defeats the British in New Jersey, july 11 – French soldiers arrive in Newport, Rhode Island to reinforce colonists in the American Revolutionary War. August 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Camden, British troops inflict heavy losses on a Patriot army at Camden, South Carolina. August 9 – American Revolutionary War, Spanish admiral Luis de Córdova y Córdova captures a British convoy totalling 55 vessels amongst Indiamen, frigates, august 24 – Louis XVI of France abolishes the use of torture in extracting confessions. September 21 – Benedict Arnold gives detailed plans of West Point to Major John André, three days later, André is captured with papers revealing that Arnold was planning to surrender West Point to the British. September 25 – Benedict Arnold flees to British-held New York, october 2 – American Revolutionary War, In Tappan, New York, British spy John André is hanged by American forces. October 7 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Kings Mountain, october 10–October 16 – The Great Hurricane flattens the islands of Barbados, Martinique and Sint Eustatius,22,000 dead. November 29 – Maria Theresa of Austria dies and her Habsburg dominions pass to her ambitious son, Joseph II, december 16 – Emperor Kōkaku accedes to the throne of Japan. December 20 – Start of the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War, jose Gabriel Kunturkanki, businessman and landowner, proclaims himself Inca Túpac Amaru II. The Duke of Richmond calls, in the House of Lords of Great Britain, for manhood suffrage and annual parliaments, jeremy Benthams Introduction to Principles of Morals and Legislation, presenting his formulation of utilitarian ethics, is printed in London. Nikephoros Theotokis starts introducing Edinoverie, an attempt to integrate the Old Believers into Russias established church, woodford Reserve bourbon whiskey distillery begins operation in Kentucky. C. s pitch. The amateur dramatic group Det Dramatiske Selskab in Christiania is founded in Norway, western countries pay 16,000,000 ounces of silver for Chinese goods
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
1778 in the United States
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Events from the year 1778 in the United States. January 18 – The third Pacific expedition of Capt. James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution and HMS Discovery, first view Oahu then Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands, february 5 – South Carolina becomes the first state to ratify the Articles of Confederation. February 23 – American Revolutionary War, Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben arrives at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, may 30 – Benedict Arnold signs US oath of allegiance at Valley Forge. June 24 – A total solar eclipse takes place across parts of USA from Texas to Virginia, june 28 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Monmouth, George Washingtons Continental Army battles the British general Sir Henry Clintons army to a draw near Monmouth, New Jersey. July 3 – American Revolutionary War, the Wyoming Massacre takes place near Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, july 4 – American Revolutionary War, George Rogers Clark takes Kaskaskia. July 27 – American Revolution – First Battle of Ushant, British, august 29 – American Revolutionary War, The Battle of Rhode Island takes place when the Continental Army attempts to retake Aquidneck Island from the British. September – The Massachusetts Banishment Act, providing punishment for Loyalists, is passed, september 17 – The Treaty of Fort Pitt is signed, the first formal treaty between the United States and a Native American tribe. September 19 – The Continental Congress passes the first budget of the United States, November 11 – American Revolutionary War, the Cherry Valley massacre November 26 – In the Hawaiian Islands, Capt. James Cook becomes the first European to land on Maui. The first settlement is made in the area of what is now Louisville, Phillips Academy, a prestigious secondary boarding school in the United States, is founded by Samuel Phillips Jr. The term thoroughbred is first used in the United States in an advertisement in a Kentucky gazette to describe a New Jersey stallion called Pilgarlick
4.
1779 in the United States
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Events from the year 1779 in the United States. January 22 – American Revolutionary War, Claudius Smith is hanged at Goshen, Orange County, the General Assembly also establishes Warrenton to be the county seat of Warren County and Louisburg to be the county seat of Franklin County. February 23–25 – American Revolutionary War, Battle of Vincennes February 14 – Captain James Cook dies on the Sandwich Islands on his third, june 1 – American Revolutionary War, Benedict Arnold is court-martialed for malfeasance in his treatment of government property. June 16 – American Revolutionary War, In support of the U. S, july 16 – American Revolutionary War, United States forces led by General Anthony Wayne capture Stony Point, New York from British troops. July 22 – Battle of Minisink, The Goshen Militia is destroyed by Joseph Brants forces, september – Battle of Baton Rouge, Spanish troops under Bernardo de Galvez capture the city from the British. The Bonhomme Richard sinks, but the Americans board the Serapis and other vessels, october 4 – The Fort Wilson Riot takes place. November 2 – The North Carolina General Assembly carves a new county from Dobbs County, North Carolina, december 25 – Fort Nashborough, later to become Nashville, Tennessee, is founded by James Robertson. American Revolutionary War January 5 Stephen Decatur, US Naval commander Zebulon Pike, General, bates, United States Senator from Massachusetts from 1841 till 1845. August 1 – Francis Scott Key, author of The Star Spangled Banner August 6 – Henry M. Ridgely, september 18 – Joseph Story, Associate Justice of the US Supreme Court from 1811 till 1845. October – Henry W. Edwards, United States Senator from Connecticut from 1823 till 1838, date Unknown – George Poindexter, Governor of Mississippi in 1819 and from 1820 till 1822 and United States Senator from Mississippi from 1830 till 1835. Media related to 1779 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
5.
1781 in the United States
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Events from the year 1781 in the United States. January 2 – Virginia passes a law ceding its western land claims, january 5 – American Revolution – Richmond, Virginia is burned by British naval forces led by Benedict Arnold. January 17 – American Revolution – Battle of Cowpens, Americans under Daniel Morgan defeat British forces, february 2 – The Articles of Confederation are ratified by Maryland, the 13th and final state to do so. March 1 – The United States Continental Congress implements the Articles of Confederation, march 15 – American Revolution – Battle of Guilford Court House, American General Nathanael Greene loses to the British. May 26 – Bank of North America is chartered by the Continental Congress, alstons troops surrender after Fannings men attempt to ram the house with a cart of burning straw. August 30 – American Revolution, A French fleet under Comte de Grasse enters Chesapeake Bay, september 4 – Los Angeles is founded as El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora La Reina de Los Ángeles de Porciuncula by a group of 44 Spanish settlers. September 5 – American Revolution – Battle of the Chesapeake, A British fleet under Thomas Graves arrives and fights de Grasse, september 6 – American Revolution – Battle of Groton Heights, British forces under Benedict Arnold attack a fort in Groton, Connecticut, achieving a strategic victory. September 10 – American Revolution, Graves gives up trying to break through the now-reinforced French fleet and returns to New York, september 28 – American Revolution, American and French troops begin a siege of the British at Yorktown, Virginia. November 5 – John Hanson is elected President of the Continental Congress, december – A school is founded in Washington County, Pennsylvania that would later be known as Washington & Jefferson College. Reverend Samuel Peters publishes his General History of Connecticut, using the blue law for the first time. Meeting in Paris, Benjamin Franklin invites Princess Yekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova to become the first woman member of the American Philosophical Society, American Revolutionary War Articles of Confederation in effect August 23 – John M. Berrien, United States Senator from Georgia from 1841 till 1852. August 28 – Hannah Tompkins, wife of Daniel D. Tompkins, Second Lady of the United States October 2 – William Wyatt Bibb, media related to 1781 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
6.
1782 in the United States
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Events from the year 1782 in the United States. January 7 – The first American commercial bank opens in Philadelphia, january 15 – Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris goes before the United States Congress to recommend establishment of a national mint and decimal coinage. March 22 – American Revolutionary War, Battle of Little Mountain, may 25–June 12 – American Revolutionary War, Crawford expedition June 20 – Congress accepts Charles Thomsons design for the Great Seal of the United States. The bald eagle becomes the national bird of the United States, july 1 – American privateers attack Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. August 7 – George Washington orders the creation of the Badge of Military Merit to honor soldiers merit in battle. In the summer of 1782 the Dutch banker Nicolaas van Staphorst leads discussions with John Adams over a loan to the United States of five million guilders, the North Carolina General Assembly incorporates Washington, North Carolina. Calhoun, seventh Vice President of the United States from 1825 till 1832, may 14 – Gordon Cartwright Jennings, Oldest Alamo Defender, was born 1782 in Windham, CT to Joseph and Ruth Jennings. October 9 – Lewis Cass, United States Senator from Michigan from 1845 till 1848, november 4 – John Branch, United States Senator from North Carolina from 1817 till 1820. November 12 – William Hendricks, United States Senator from Indiana from 1825 to 1837, december 5 – Martin Van Buren, eighth President of the United States from 1837 till 1841, eighth Vice President of the United States from 1833 till 1837. Date Unknown – George A. Waggaman, United States Senator from Louisiana from 1831 till 1835, august 27 – John Laurens, American soldier and statesman during the Revolutionary War, best known for his efforts to emancipate slaves
7.
Flag of the United States
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The flag of the United States, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. S. Nicknames for the flag include The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, the current design of the U. S. flag is its 27th, the design of the flag has been modified officially 26 times since 1777. The 48-star flag was in effect for 47 years until the 49-star version became official on July 4,1959, the 50-star flag was ordered by the then president Eisenhower on August 21,1959, and was adopted in July 1960. It is the version of the U. S. flag and has been in use for over 56 years. At the time of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the flag contemporaneously known as the Continental Colors has historically been referred to as the first national flag. The name Grand Union was first applied to the Continental Colors by George Preble in his 1872 history of the American flag, the flag closely resembles the British East India Company flag of the era, and Sir Charles Fawcett argued in 1937 that the company flag inspired the design. Both flags could have been constructed by adding white stripes to a British Red Ensign. However, an East India Company flag could have nine to 13 stripes. In any case, both the stripes and the stars have precedents in classical heraldry, Flag Day is now observed on June 14 of each year. While scholars still argue about this, tradition holds that the new flag was first hoisted in June 1777 by the Continental Army at the Middlebrook encampment. The first official U. S. flag flown during battle was on August 3,1777, Massachusetts reinforcements brought news of the adoption by Congress of the official flag to Fort Schuyler. A voucher is extant that Capt. Swartwout of Dutchess County was paid by Congress for his coat for the flag, the 1777 resolution was most probably meant to define a naval ensign. In the late 18th century, the notion of a flag did not yet exist. The flag resolution appears between other resolutions from the Marine Committee, on May 10,1779, Secretary of the Board of War Richard Peters expressed concern it is not yet settled what is the Standard of the United States. However, the term, Standard, referred to a standard for the Army of the United States. Each regiment was to carry the standard in addition to its regimental standard. The national standard was not a reference to the national or naval flag, the appearance was up to the maker of the flag. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows, one arrangement features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle, the so-called Betsy Ross flag
8.
Betsy Ross flag
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The first documented usage of this flag was in 1792. The flag features 13 stars to represent the original 13 colonies with the stars arranged in a circle, the National Museum of American History notes that the story first entered into American consciousness about the time of the 1876 Centennial Exposition celebrations. Canby said he first obtained this information from his aunt Clarissa Sydney Wilson in 1857, Canby dates the historic episode based on Washingtons journey to Philadelphia, in late spring 1776, a year before Congress passed the Flag Act. Betsy Ross was promoted as a role model for young girls. Historian Laurel Thatcher Ulrich further explored this line of enquiry in a 2007 article, How Betsy Ross Became Famous, Oral Tradition, Nationalism, Betsy accepted the job to manufacture the flag, altering the committees design by replacing the six-pointed stars with five-pointed stars. Betsy Rosss story was published in 1870,34 years after her death, by her only surviving grandson, William J. Canby, the paper included stories he had heard from family members throughout the years. According to Canbys paper, Sitting sewing in her one day with her girls around her. She recognized one of these as the uncle of her husband, Col. GEORGE ROSS. The committee were shown into her back parlor, the back of the shop. It was defective to the eye of Mrs Ross and unsymmetrical, and she offered suggestions which Washington. One of the alterations had reference to the shape of the stars, in the drawing they were made with six points. Mrs Ross at once said that this was wrong, the stars should be five pointed, they were aware of that, colonel Washington was the active one in making the design, the others having little or nothing to do with it. When it was completed, it was given to William Barrett, painter, the gentleman drew out of a chest an old ships color, which he loaned her to show her how the sewing was done, and also the drawing painted by Barrett. Other designs had been prepared by the committee and one or two of them were placed in the hands of other seamstresses to be made. The flag was finished, and Betsy returned it, the first Star Spangled Banner that ever floated upon the breeze. The next day Col. Canbys account has been the source of some debate and it is generally regarded as being neither proven nor disproven, and any evidence that may have once existed has been lost. The main reason historians and flag experts do not believe that Betsy Ross designed or sewed the first American flag is a lack of historical evidence, no records show that the Continental Congress had a committee to design the national flag in the spring of 1776. However he did serve on a committee with John Ross uncle George Read in 1776, there is no evidence to show that Betsy Ross and George Washington knew each other, or that George Washington was ever in her shop
9.
Timeline of United States history
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This is a timeline of United States history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political and economic events in the United States and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of the United States, some dates before September 14,1752, when the British government adopted the Gregorian calendar, may be given in the Old Style
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Media related to 1780 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
