1.
1782
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As of the start of 1782, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. January 7 – The first American commercial bank opens, january 15 – Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris goes before the U. S. Congress to recommend establishment of a national mint and decimal coinage. February 5 – The Spanish defeat British forces and capture Minorca, march 14 – Battle of Wuchale, Emperor Tekle Giyorgis pacifies a group of Oromo near Wuchale. March 27 – Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, march 31 – Mission San Buenaventura is founded in Las Californias, part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. April 6 – Rama I succeeds King Taksin of Siam who is overthrown in an coup détat and moves the capital from Thonburi across the Menam to Rattanakosin Island. April 12 – Battle of the Saintes, A British fleet under Admiral Sir George Rodney defeats a French fleet under the Comte de Grasse in the West Indies, april 19 – John Adams secures recognition of the United States as an independent government by the Dutch Republic. During this visit, he negotiates a loan of five million guilders financed by Nicolaas van Staphorst. June 18 – In Switzerland, Anna Göldi is sentenced to death for witchcraft, june 20 – The bald eagle is chosen as the emblem of the United States of America. July – Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, receives a visit from Pope Pius VI, July 1 – Raid on Lunenburg, American privateers attack the British settlement at Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. July 16 – Première of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts opera Die Entführung aus dem Serail at the Burgtheater in Vienna,16 July –29 August – Masonic Congress of Wilhelmsbad, Germany - one of historys most important ever secret society congresses. Masonic Congress of Wilhelmsbad by Terry Melanson August 7 George Washington orders the creation of the Badge of Military Merit to honor soldiers merit in battle, Étienne Maurice Falconets Bronze Horseman statue of Tsar Peter the Great is unveiled in Saint Petersburg. November 30 – American Revolutionary War, In Paris, representatives from the United States, december 14 – The Montgolfier brothers first test fly a hot air balloon in France, it floats nearly 2 km. Chief Kamehameha I of Hawaii gains control of the part of the island of Hawaii after defeating his cousin Kīwalaʻō. Princess Yekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova is the first woman in the world to direct a scientific academy, london creates the Foot Patrol for public security. The British parliament extends James Watts patent for the engine to the year 1800. The North Carolina General Assembly incorporates Washington, North Carolina, in China, the Siku Quanshu is completed, the largest literary compilation in Chinas history. The books are bound in 36,381 volumes with more than 79,000 chapters, comprising about 2.3 million pages, Saint Petersburg in Russia has 300,000 inhabitants. London, H. G. Bohn – via Hathi Trust
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
1780 in the United States
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Events from the year 1780 in the United States. January 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Cape St. Vincent, February 3 – American Revolutionary War, Battle of Youngs House February 29 – The Omicron Delta Omega co-ed fraternity is founded by Benjamin Franklin. March 1 - Pennsylvania is the first American state to abolish slavery, may 13 – Cumberland Compact signed by American settlers in the Cumberland Valley of Tennessee. May 19 – New Englands Dark Day, An unaccountable darkness spreads over New England, july 11 – Expédition Particulière, French soldiers arrive in Newport, Rhode Island to reinforce colonists in the American Revolutionary War. Three days later, André is captured with papers revealing that Arnold was planning to surrender West Point to the British, september 25 – Benedict Arnold flees to British-held New York. September 26 – American Revolutionary War, Battle of Charlotte October 2 – American Revolutionary War, In Tappan, New York, British spy John André is hanged by American forces. October 7 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Kings Mountain, American Revolutionary War January 14 – Henry Baldwin, Associate Justice of the US Supreme Court from 1830 till 1844. January 30 – Israel Pickens, United States Senator from Alabama from 1821 till 1825, march 20 – Thomas Metcalfe, United States Senator from Kentucky from 1848 till 1849. April 4 – Edward Hicks, painter May 1 – John McKinley, United States Senator from Alabama from 1826 till 1831, Associate Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court from 1837 till 1852. June 21 – Martin D. Hardin, United States Senator from Kentucky from 1816 till 1817, july 9 – Ephraim Bateman, United States Senator from New Jersey from 1826 from 1829. August 20 – William Woodbridge, Governor of Michigan from 1840 till 1841, september 8 – George Troup, United States Senator from Georgia from 1816 till 1818 and from 1829 till 1833. October 17 – Richard Mentor Johnson, United States Senator from Kentucky from 1819 till 1829, October 22 – John Forsyth, United States Senator from Georgia from 1818 till 1819 and from 1829 till 1834. October 25 – Freeman Walker, United States Senator from Georgia from 1819 till 1821, november 8 – Samuel A. Foote, Governor of Connecticut from 1834 till 1835. United States Senator from Connecticut from 1827 till 1833, december 31 – Gideon Tomlinson, United States Senator from Connecticut from 1831 till 1837. June 3 – Thomas Hutchinson, last governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony Media related to 1780 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
4.
1781 in the United States
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Events from the year 1781 in the United States. January 2 – Virginia passes a law ceding its western land claims, january 5 – American Revolution – Richmond, Virginia is burned by British naval forces led by Benedict Arnold. January 17 – American Revolution – Battle of Cowpens, Americans under Daniel Morgan defeat British forces, february 2 – The Articles of Confederation are ratified by Maryland, the 13th and final state to do so. March 1 – The United States Continental Congress implements the Articles of Confederation, march 15 – American Revolution – Battle of Guilford Court House, American General Nathanael Greene loses to the British. May 26 – Bank of North America is chartered by the Continental Congress, alstons troops surrender after Fannings men attempt to ram the house with a cart of burning straw. August 30 – American Revolution, A French fleet under Comte de Grasse enters Chesapeake Bay, september 4 – Los Angeles is founded as El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora La Reina de Los Ángeles de Porciuncula by a group of 44 Spanish settlers. September 5 – American Revolution – Battle of the Chesapeake, A British fleet under Thomas Graves arrives and fights de Grasse, september 6 – American Revolution – Battle of Groton Heights, British forces under Benedict Arnold attack a fort in Groton, Connecticut, achieving a strategic victory. September 10 – American Revolution, Graves gives up trying to break through the now-reinforced French fleet and returns to New York, september 28 – American Revolution, American and French troops begin a siege of the British at Yorktown, Virginia. November 5 – John Hanson is elected President of the Continental Congress, december – A school is founded in Washington County, Pennsylvania that would later be known as Washington & Jefferson College. Reverend Samuel Peters publishes his General History of Connecticut, using the blue law for the first time. Meeting in Paris, Benjamin Franklin invites Princess Yekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova to become the first woman member of the American Philosophical Society, American Revolutionary War Articles of Confederation in effect August 23 – John M. Berrien, United States Senator from Georgia from 1841 till 1852. August 28 – Hannah Tompkins, wife of Daniel D. Tompkins, Second Lady of the United States October 2 – William Wyatt Bibb, media related to 1781 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
5.
1783 in the United States
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Events from the year 1783 in the United States. February 3 – American Revolutionary War, Britain awards the United States independence, february 4 – American Revolutionary War, Great Britain formally declares that it will cease hostilities with the United States of America. March 5 – Last celebration of Massacre Day, april 15 – Preliminary articles of peace ending the American Revolutionary War are ratified by the Congress of the Confederation. June 20 – Continental Army soldiers mob Independence Hall demanding back pay from the Congress of the Confederation in the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, July 16 – Grants of land in Canada to American loyalists are announced. September 3 – American Revolutionary War – Treaty of Paris, A treaty between the United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain is signed in Paris, ending the war, the treaty also formally granted the United States independence from Great Britain. September 9 – Dickinson College was chartered in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, september 22 – Confederation Congress Proclamation of 1783 prohibits the settlement, purchase or receipt of Indian lands beyond existing states without its specific authority and direction. November 2 – In Rocky Hill, New Jersey, US General George Washington gives his Farewell Address to the Army. November 25 – Evacuation Day, The last British troops leave New York City and George Washington triumphantly returns, November 29 – A5.3 magnitude earthquake strikes New Jersey. December 4 – At Fraunces Tavern in New York City, U. S, General George Washington formally bids his officers farewell. December 23 – George Washington resigns his commission as commander-in-chief of the American armies, United Empire Loyalists flee to Canada from the new United States. Loyalists from New York settle Great Abaco in the Bahamas, spain refuses to grant diplomatic recognition to the United States. Evan Williamss distillery was founded in Bardstown, Kentucky, American Revolutionary War Articles of Confederation in effect January 14 – Wilson Lumpkin, United States Senator from Georgia from 1837 till 1841 and Governor of Georgia from 1831 till 1835. May 25 – Philip Pendleton Barbour, Associate Justice of the US Supreme Court from 1836 till 1841, june 21 – Theodosia Burr Alston, Daughter of Aaron Burr July 31 – John Wales, United States Senator from Delaware from 1849 till 1851. August 12 – John Williams Walker, United States Senator from Alabama from 1819 till 1822, september 14 – Henry Johnson, United States Senator from Louisiana from 1818 till 1824 and from 1844 till 1849. December 14 – David Barton, United States Senator from Missouri from 1821 till 1831, may 23 – James Otis, Jr. political activist and pamphleteer November 22 – John Hanson, President of the Continental Congress Media related to 1783 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
6.
1784 in the United States
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Events from the year 1784 in the United States. January 14 – The US Congress ratifies the Treaty of Paris with Great Britain to end the American Revolutionary War, march 1 – Jefferson creates a ban slavery in a new territory. March 2 – Governor George Clinton of New York writes to Congress asking them to war against Vermont. Vermont was at time a unrecognized de facto independent state claimed by New York. September 22 – Russia establishes their first colony in Kodiak, Alaska, october 22 – Treaty of Fort Stanwix is signed between the United States and Native Americans of the Iroquois League. November 26 – The Roman Catholic Apostolic Prefecture of the United States is established, december 25 – The Methodist Episcopal Church, USA is officially formed at the so-called Christmas Conference led by Thomas Coke and Francis Asbury. King Carlos III of the Spanish Empire authorizes land grants in Alta California, the North Carolina General Assembly incorporates the town of Morgansborough, named for Daniel Morgan. The town is designated as the county seat for Burke County, North Carolina and is subsequently renamed Morgantown, the North Carolina General Assembly changes the name of Kingston, North Carolina, originally named for King George III of Great Britain, to Kinston. Benjamin Franklin tries in vain to persuade the French to alter their clocks in winter to take advantage of the daylight, Britain receives its first bales of imported American cotton. Articles of Confederation in effect February 5 – William T. Barry, United States Senator from Kentucky from 1814 to 1816, postmaster General from 1829 to 1835. November 24 Zachary Taylor, 12th President of the United States from 1849 till 1850, josiah S. Johnston, United States Senator from Louisiana from 1824 till 1833. Date Unknown – Thomas W. Cobb, United States Senator from Georgia from 1824 till 1828
7.
Flag of the United States
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The flag of the United States, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. S. Nicknames for the flag include The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, the current design of the U. S. flag is its 27th, the design of the flag has been modified officially 26 times since 1777. The 48-star flag was in effect for 47 years until the 49-star version became official on July 4,1959, the 50-star flag was ordered by the then president Eisenhower on August 21,1959, and was adopted in July 1960. It is the version of the U. S. flag and has been in use for over 56 years. At the time of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the flag contemporaneously known as the Continental Colors has historically been referred to as the first national flag. The name Grand Union was first applied to the Continental Colors by George Preble in his 1872 history of the American flag, the flag closely resembles the British East India Company flag of the era, and Sir Charles Fawcett argued in 1937 that the company flag inspired the design. Both flags could have been constructed by adding white stripes to a British Red Ensign. However, an East India Company flag could have nine to 13 stripes. In any case, both the stripes and the stars have precedents in classical heraldry, Flag Day is now observed on June 14 of each year. While scholars still argue about this, tradition holds that the new flag was first hoisted in June 1777 by the Continental Army at the Middlebrook encampment. The first official U. S. flag flown during battle was on August 3,1777, Massachusetts reinforcements brought news of the adoption by Congress of the official flag to Fort Schuyler. A voucher is extant that Capt. Swartwout of Dutchess County was paid by Congress for his coat for the flag, the 1777 resolution was most probably meant to define a naval ensign. In the late 18th century, the notion of a flag did not yet exist. The flag resolution appears between other resolutions from the Marine Committee, on May 10,1779, Secretary of the Board of War Richard Peters expressed concern it is not yet settled what is the Standard of the United States. However, the term, Standard, referred to a standard for the Army of the United States. Each regiment was to carry the standard in addition to its regimental standard. The national standard was not a reference to the national or naval flag, the appearance was up to the maker of the flag. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows, one arrangement features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle, the so-called Betsy Ross flag
8.
Betsy Ross flag
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The first documented usage of this flag was in 1792. The flag features 13 stars to represent the original 13 colonies with the stars arranged in a circle, the National Museum of American History notes that the story first entered into American consciousness about the time of the 1876 Centennial Exposition celebrations. Canby said he first obtained this information from his aunt Clarissa Sydney Wilson in 1857, Canby dates the historic episode based on Washingtons journey to Philadelphia, in late spring 1776, a year before Congress passed the Flag Act. Betsy Ross was promoted as a role model for young girls. Historian Laurel Thatcher Ulrich further explored this line of enquiry in a 2007 article, How Betsy Ross Became Famous, Oral Tradition, Nationalism, Betsy accepted the job to manufacture the flag, altering the committees design by replacing the six-pointed stars with five-pointed stars. Betsy Rosss story was published in 1870,34 years after her death, by her only surviving grandson, William J. Canby, the paper included stories he had heard from family members throughout the years. According to Canbys paper, Sitting sewing in her one day with her girls around her. She recognized one of these as the uncle of her husband, Col. GEORGE ROSS. The committee were shown into her back parlor, the back of the shop. It was defective to the eye of Mrs Ross and unsymmetrical, and she offered suggestions which Washington. One of the alterations had reference to the shape of the stars, in the drawing they were made with six points. Mrs Ross at once said that this was wrong, the stars should be five pointed, they were aware of that, colonel Washington was the active one in making the design, the others having little or nothing to do with it. When it was completed, it was given to William Barrett, painter, the gentleman drew out of a chest an old ships color, which he loaned her to show her how the sewing was done, and also the drawing painted by Barrett. Other designs had been prepared by the committee and one or two of them were placed in the hands of other seamstresses to be made. The flag was finished, and Betsy returned it, the first Star Spangled Banner that ever floated upon the breeze. The next day Col. Canbys account has been the source of some debate and it is generally regarded as being neither proven nor disproven, and any evidence that may have once existed has been lost. The main reason historians and flag experts do not believe that Betsy Ross designed or sewed the first American flag is a lack of historical evidence, no records show that the Continental Congress had a committee to design the national flag in the spring of 1776. However he did serve on a committee with John Ross uncle George Read in 1776, there is no evidence to show that Betsy Ross and George Washington knew each other, or that George Washington was ever in her shop
9.
Timeline of United States history
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This is a timeline of United States history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political and economic events in the United States and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of the United States, some dates before September 14,1752, when the British government adopted the Gregorian calendar, may be given in the Old Style
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Media related to 1782 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
