1.
1783
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As of the start of 1783, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. February 3 – American Revolutionary War, The Kingdom of Great Britain acknowledges the independence of the United States of America, at this time the Spanish government does not grant diplomatic recognition. February 4 – American Revolutionary War, Great Britain formally declares that it will cease hostilities with the United States, february 5 –1783 Calabrian earthquakes, First of a sequence of five earthquakes in Calabria, Italy, leaving 50,000 dead. February 26 – The United States Continental Armys Corps of Engineers is disbanded, march 5 – Last celebration of Massacre Day in Boston, Massachusetts. April 8 – The Crimean Khanate, which had existed since 1441 and was the last remnant of the Mongol Golden Horde, is annexed by the Russian Empire of Catherine the Great, april 15 – Preliminary articles of peace ending the American Revolutionary War are ratified. May 18 – The first United Empire Loyalists, fleeing the new United States, reach Parrtown in Saint John, New Brunswick, may 26 – A Great Jubilee Day celebrating end of American Revolution held in Trumbull, Connecticut. June 4 or June 5 – The Montgolfier brothers publicly demonstrate their montgolfière hot air balloon at Annonay in France and it has been described as one of the greatest environmental catastrophes in European history. July 16 – Grants of land in Canada to American loyalists are announced, july 24 – The Treaty of Georgievsk is signed between Imperial Russia and the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti making Georgia a protectorate of Russia. August 4 – Mount Asama, the most active volcano in Japan, begins climactic eruption, killing roughly 1,400 people directly and exacerbating a famine, resulting in another 20,000 deaths. August 10 – The British East India Company packet ship Antelope is wrecked off Ulong Island in the Palau group, august 18 – The 1783 Great Meteor passes on a thousand-mile track across the North Sea, Great Britain and France, prompting scientific discussion. August 27 – Jacques Charles and Les Frères Robert launch the worlds first hydrogen-filled balloon, Le Globe and this is also the beginning of the Old West. September 9 – Dickinson College is chartered in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, october 3 – First Waterford Crystal glassmaking business begins production in Waterford, Ireland. November 2 – In Rocky Hill, New Jersey, United States General George Washington gives his Farewell Address to the Army, november 21 – In Paris, Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and François Laurent, marquis dArlandes, make the first untethered hot air balloon flight. November 24 – In Spain, the Cedula of Population is signed, stating anyone who will swear fealty to Spain and is of the Roman Catholic faith is welcome to populate Trinidad. November 25 – American Revolutionary War, The last British troops leave New York City 3 months after the signing of the Treaty of Paris. November 27 – English rector, John Michell concludes that some stars might have enough gravity force to prevent light escapes from them, november 29 –1783 New Jersey earthquake, An earthquake of 5.3 magnitude strikes New Jersey. December 1 – Jacques Charles and Nicolas-Louis Robert make the first manned flight in a balloon, La Charlière. December 4 – At Fraunces Tavern in New York City, U. S, General George Washington formally bids his officers farewell
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
1781 in the United States
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Events from the year 1781 in the United States. January 2 – Virginia passes a law ceding its western land claims, january 5 – American Revolution – Richmond, Virginia is burned by British naval forces led by Benedict Arnold. January 17 – American Revolution – Battle of Cowpens, Americans under Daniel Morgan defeat British forces, february 2 – The Articles of Confederation are ratified by Maryland, the 13th and final state to do so. March 1 – The United States Continental Congress implements the Articles of Confederation, march 15 – American Revolution – Battle of Guilford Court House, American General Nathanael Greene loses to the British. May 26 – Bank of North America is chartered by the Continental Congress, alstons troops surrender after Fannings men attempt to ram the house with a cart of burning straw. August 30 – American Revolution, A French fleet under Comte de Grasse enters Chesapeake Bay, september 4 – Los Angeles is founded as El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora La Reina de Los Ángeles de Porciuncula by a group of 44 Spanish settlers. September 5 – American Revolution – Battle of the Chesapeake, A British fleet under Thomas Graves arrives and fights de Grasse, september 6 – American Revolution – Battle of Groton Heights, British forces under Benedict Arnold attack a fort in Groton, Connecticut, achieving a strategic victory. September 10 – American Revolution, Graves gives up trying to break through the now-reinforced French fleet and returns to New York, september 28 – American Revolution, American and French troops begin a siege of the British at Yorktown, Virginia. November 5 – John Hanson is elected President of the Continental Congress, december – A school is founded in Washington County, Pennsylvania that would later be known as Washington & Jefferson College. Reverend Samuel Peters publishes his General History of Connecticut, using the blue law for the first time. Meeting in Paris, Benjamin Franklin invites Princess Yekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova to become the first woman member of the American Philosophical Society, American Revolutionary War Articles of Confederation in effect August 23 – John M. Berrien, United States Senator from Georgia from 1841 till 1852. August 28 – Hannah Tompkins, wife of Daniel D. Tompkins, Second Lady of the United States October 2 – William Wyatt Bibb, media related to 1781 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
4.
1782 in the United States
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Events from the year 1782 in the United States. January 7 – The first American commercial bank opens in Philadelphia, january 15 – Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris goes before the United States Congress to recommend establishment of a national mint and decimal coinage. March 22 – American Revolutionary War, Battle of Little Mountain, may 25–June 12 – American Revolutionary War, Crawford expedition June 20 – Congress accepts Charles Thomsons design for the Great Seal of the United States. The bald eagle becomes the national bird of the United States, july 1 – American privateers attack Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. August 7 – George Washington orders the creation of the Badge of Military Merit to honor soldiers merit in battle. In the summer of 1782 the Dutch banker Nicolaas van Staphorst leads discussions with John Adams over a loan to the United States of five million guilders, the North Carolina General Assembly incorporates Washington, North Carolina. Calhoun, seventh Vice President of the United States from 1825 till 1832, may 14 – Gordon Cartwright Jennings, Oldest Alamo Defender, was born 1782 in Windham, CT to Joseph and Ruth Jennings. October 9 – Lewis Cass, United States Senator from Michigan from 1845 till 1848, november 4 – John Branch, United States Senator from North Carolina from 1817 till 1820. November 12 – William Hendricks, United States Senator from Indiana from 1825 to 1837, december 5 – Martin Van Buren, eighth President of the United States from 1837 till 1841, eighth Vice President of the United States from 1833 till 1837. Date Unknown – George A. Waggaman, United States Senator from Louisiana from 1831 till 1835, august 27 – John Laurens, American soldier and statesman during the Revolutionary War, best known for his efforts to emancipate slaves
5.
1784 in the United States
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Events from the year 1784 in the United States. January 14 – The US Congress ratifies the Treaty of Paris with Great Britain to end the American Revolutionary War, march 1 – Jefferson creates a ban slavery in a new territory. March 2 – Governor George Clinton of New York writes to Congress asking them to war against Vermont. Vermont was at time a unrecognized de facto independent state claimed by New York. September 22 – Russia establishes their first colony in Kodiak, Alaska, october 22 – Treaty of Fort Stanwix is signed between the United States and Native Americans of the Iroquois League. November 26 – The Roman Catholic Apostolic Prefecture of the United States is established, december 25 – The Methodist Episcopal Church, USA is officially formed at the so-called Christmas Conference led by Thomas Coke and Francis Asbury. King Carlos III of the Spanish Empire authorizes land grants in Alta California, the North Carolina General Assembly incorporates the town of Morgansborough, named for Daniel Morgan. The town is designated as the county seat for Burke County, North Carolina and is subsequently renamed Morgantown, the North Carolina General Assembly changes the name of Kingston, North Carolina, originally named for King George III of Great Britain, to Kinston. Benjamin Franklin tries in vain to persuade the French to alter their clocks in winter to take advantage of the daylight, Britain receives its first bales of imported American cotton. Articles of Confederation in effect February 5 – William T. Barry, United States Senator from Kentucky from 1814 to 1816, postmaster General from 1829 to 1835. November 24 Zachary Taylor, 12th President of the United States from 1849 till 1850, josiah S. Johnston, United States Senator from Louisiana from 1824 till 1833. Date Unknown – Thomas W. Cobb, United States Senator from Georgia from 1824 till 1828
6.
1785 in the United States
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Events from the year 1785 in the United States. January 11 – The Confederation Congress reconvenes in New York City having previously convened in Trenton, january 21 – The Treaty of Fort McIntosh is signed between the United States government and representatives of the Wyandotte, Delaware, Chippewa and Ottawa nations of Native Americans. January 27 – The University of Georgia is founded by Abraham Baldwin in Athens, march 28 – Delegates from Virginia and Maryland meet at the Mount Vernon Conference to deal with issues regarding use of the Pocomoke and Potomac Rivers and the Chesapeake Bay. A suggestion to expand the interstate negotiations eventually leads to the Annapolis Convention, may 20 – The Land Ordinance of 1785 is adopted by the United States Congress to raise money by selling land acquired from the Treaty of Paris. June 1 – John Adams, the first American ambassador to Great Britain, has his first meeting with King George III at the Court of St. Jamess, july 6 – The dollar is unanimously chosen as the money unit for the United States. November 28 – The Treaty of Hopewell is signed between the United States of America and the Cherokee Nation, the North Carolina General Assembly incorporates Lincolnton, North Carolina as the new county seat for Lincoln County. Articles of Confederation in effect Northwest Indian War June 24 – Alexander Porter, United States Senator from Louisiana from 1833 till 1837, born in County Donegal, september 1 – Philip Allen, United States Senator from Rhode Island from 1853 till 1859. September 11 – Presley Spruance, United States Senator from Delaware from 1847 till 1853, december 23 – Alfred Cuthbert, United States Senator from Georgia from 1835 till 1843. Date Unknown – Gabriel Moore, United States Senator from Alabama from 1831 till 1837
7.
Flag of the United States
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The flag of the United States, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. S. Nicknames for the flag include The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, the current design of the U. S. flag is its 27th, the design of the flag has been modified officially 26 times since 1777. The 48-star flag was in effect for 47 years until the 49-star version became official on July 4,1959, the 50-star flag was ordered by the then president Eisenhower on August 21,1959, and was adopted in July 1960. It is the version of the U. S. flag and has been in use for over 56 years. At the time of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the flag contemporaneously known as the Continental Colors has historically been referred to as the first national flag. The name Grand Union was first applied to the Continental Colors by George Preble in his 1872 history of the American flag, the flag closely resembles the British East India Company flag of the era, and Sir Charles Fawcett argued in 1937 that the company flag inspired the design. Both flags could have been constructed by adding white stripes to a British Red Ensign. However, an East India Company flag could have nine to 13 stripes. In any case, both the stripes and the stars have precedents in classical heraldry, Flag Day is now observed on June 14 of each year. While scholars still argue about this, tradition holds that the new flag was first hoisted in June 1777 by the Continental Army at the Middlebrook encampment. The first official U. S. flag flown during battle was on August 3,1777, Massachusetts reinforcements brought news of the adoption by Congress of the official flag to Fort Schuyler. A voucher is extant that Capt. Swartwout of Dutchess County was paid by Congress for his coat for the flag, the 1777 resolution was most probably meant to define a naval ensign. In the late 18th century, the notion of a flag did not yet exist. The flag resolution appears between other resolutions from the Marine Committee, on May 10,1779, Secretary of the Board of War Richard Peters expressed concern it is not yet settled what is the Standard of the United States. However, the term, Standard, referred to a standard for the Army of the United States. Each regiment was to carry the standard in addition to its regimental standard. The national standard was not a reference to the national or naval flag, the appearance was up to the maker of the flag. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows, one arrangement features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle, the so-called Betsy Ross flag
8.
Betsy Ross flag
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The first documented usage of this flag was in 1792. The flag features 13 stars to represent the original 13 colonies with the stars arranged in a circle, the National Museum of American History notes that the story first entered into American consciousness about the time of the 1876 Centennial Exposition celebrations. Canby said he first obtained this information from his aunt Clarissa Sydney Wilson in 1857, Canby dates the historic episode based on Washingtons journey to Philadelphia, in late spring 1776, a year before Congress passed the Flag Act. Betsy Ross was promoted as a role model for young girls. Historian Laurel Thatcher Ulrich further explored this line of enquiry in a 2007 article, How Betsy Ross Became Famous, Oral Tradition, Nationalism, Betsy accepted the job to manufacture the flag, altering the committees design by replacing the six-pointed stars with five-pointed stars. Betsy Rosss story was published in 1870,34 years after her death, by her only surviving grandson, William J. Canby, the paper included stories he had heard from family members throughout the years. According to Canbys paper, Sitting sewing in her one day with her girls around her. She recognized one of these as the uncle of her husband, Col. GEORGE ROSS. The committee were shown into her back parlor, the back of the shop. It was defective to the eye of Mrs Ross and unsymmetrical, and she offered suggestions which Washington. One of the alterations had reference to the shape of the stars, in the drawing they were made with six points. Mrs Ross at once said that this was wrong, the stars should be five pointed, they were aware of that, colonel Washington was the active one in making the design, the others having little or nothing to do with it. When it was completed, it was given to William Barrett, painter, the gentleman drew out of a chest an old ships color, which he loaned her to show her how the sewing was done, and also the drawing painted by Barrett. Other designs had been prepared by the committee and one or two of them were placed in the hands of other seamstresses to be made. The flag was finished, and Betsy returned it, the first Star Spangled Banner that ever floated upon the breeze. The next day Col. Canbys account has been the source of some debate and it is generally regarded as being neither proven nor disproven, and any evidence that may have once existed has been lost. The main reason historians and flag experts do not believe that Betsy Ross designed or sewed the first American flag is a lack of historical evidence, no records show that the Continental Congress had a committee to design the national flag in the spring of 1776. However he did serve on a committee with John Ross uncle George Read in 1776, there is no evidence to show that Betsy Ross and George Washington knew each other, or that George Washington was ever in her shop
9.
Timeline of United States history
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This is a timeline of United States history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political and economic events in the United States and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of the United States, some dates before September 14,1752, when the British government adopted the Gregorian calendar, may be given in the Old Style
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Media related to 1783 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
