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United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
2.
1793 in the United States
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Events from the year 1793 in the United States. February 12 – The Fugitive Slave Act is passed by Congress as the first of the fugitive slave laws under the U. S. Constitution. February 25 – George Washington holds the first Cabinet meeting as President of the United States, february 27 – The Giles resolutions are introduced to the United States House of Representatives, asking the House to condemn Alexander Hamiltons handling of loans. March 1 – John Langdon becomes President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate until March 3, March 4 – Second inauguration of George Washington, George Washington is sworn in as President of the United States in Philadelphia for his second term. April 22 – George Washington signs the Neutrality Proclamation, july 9 – The Constitution of Vermont is adopted. August 1–November 9 – The yellow fever epidemic of 1793 hits Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,5,000 die, september 18 – United States Capitol cornerstone laying, President George Washington lays the cornerstone for the United States Capitol in Washington, D. C. October 12 – The cornerstone of Old East, the oldest state university building in the United States, is laid in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, october 28 – Eli Whitney applies for patent for his cotton gin. December 9 – New York Citys first daily newspaper, the American Minerva, is established by Noah Webster, the first year of regular production begins for the United States Mint in Philadelphia and the half cent is minted for the first time. Northwest Indian War January 3 – Lucretia Mott, womens rights activist and abolitionist January 4 – Roger Sherman Baldwin, senator from Connecticut from 1847 to 1851 January 14 – John C. Clark, politician March 2 – Sam Houston, President of the Republic of Texas June 6 – Edward C, the United States through English Spectacles in 1792-1794. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.9, a Model American Library of 1793. The Democratic Societies of 1793 and 1794 in Kentucky, Pennsylvania and Virginia, the William and Mary Quarterly, Second Series, Vol.2, No. Voyages of the Jenny to Oregon, 1792-94, Oregon Historical Quarterly, Vol.30, No. The Resolution on the Oregon Coast, 1793-94, Oregon Historical Quarterly, Vol.34, No. Phaeton in Philadelphia, Jean Pierre Blanchard and the First Balloon Ascension in America,1793, the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.67, No. French Refugees of 1793 in Pennsylvania, proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol.87, No. 5, Papers on Archaeology, Ecology, Ethnology, History, Paleontology, Physics, james Monroe as Agricola in the Genet Controversy,1793. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.62, waynes Western Campaign, The Wayne-Knox Correspondence, 1793-1794
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1794 in the United States
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Events from the year 1794 in the United States. March 14 – Eli Whitney is granted a patent for the cotton gin, March 27 – The United States Government authorizes the building of the first six United States Navy vessels, not to be confused with October 13,1775, which is observed as the Navys Birthday. July 17 – Whiskey Rebellion,500 armed Pennsylvanians attack and burn the home of General John Neville, August 7 – Whiskey Rebellion, President Washington invokes the Militia Acts of 1792 mobilize a federal army of 12,500 men. The force would later be put under the command of General Light Horse Harry Lee to be led into western Pennsylvania against the insurrection, september 10 – The University of Tennessee is established at Knoxville. November – Whiskey Rebellion, The federal army quells the uprising, britain agrees to evacuate border forts in the Northwest Territory and thereby end British support for the Indians. Northwest Indian War March 16 – Lawrence Brainerd, U. S, senator from Vermont from 1854 to 1855 April 10 Matthew C. Perry, commodore John McCracken Robinson, U. S, senator from Illinois from 1830 to 1841 April 11 – Edward Everett, politician May 27 – Cornelius Vanderbilt, entrepreneur June 7 – Elias Kane, U. S. Senator from Illinois from 1825 to 1835 July 5 – Sylvester Graham, nutritionist and inventor August 10 – Jackson Morton, U. S. Senator from Florida from 1849 to 1855 October 6 – Charles Wilkins Short, botanist October 22 – Carlos Wilcox, poet October 23 – Oliver H. Smith, U. S. Senator from Indiana from 1837 to 1843 November 3 – William Cullen Bryant, romantic poet, journalist and long-time editor of the New York Evening Post November 10 – Alexander O. Anderson, U. S. Senator from Tennessee from 1840 to 1841 Date unknown – Arthur P. Bagby, the United States through English Spectacles in 1792-1794. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.9, amusements and Politics in Philadelphia,1794. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.10, the Illinois Indians to Captain Abner Prior,1794. The American Historical Review, Vol.4, No, a Diary Kept by Dr. Robert Wellford, of Fredericksburg, Virginia, during the March of the Virginia Troops to Fort Pitt to Suppress the Whiskey Insurrection in 1794. The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol.11, No, proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Third Series, Vol.44. The United States and the Abortive Armed Neutrality of 1794, the American Historical Review, Vol.24, No. The Democratic Societies of 1793 and 1794 in Kentucky, Pennsylvania and Virginia, the William and Mary Quarterly, Second Series, Vol.2, No. Harry Innes and the Spanish Intrigue, 1794-1795, the Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol.15, No
4.
1796 in the United States
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Events from the year 1796 in the United States. S. July 11 – The United States takes possession of Detroit from Great Britain under the terms of the Jay Treaty July 14 – The de Portolá Expedition sets out from San Diego to find the Port of Monterey. July 22 – Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company name an area in Ohio Cleveland after Gen. Moses Cleaveland, august 31 – John McKinly, the first President of Delaware, dies in Wilmington, Delaware. September 17 – U. S. President George Washington issues his Farewell Address, november 2 – John Adams defeats Thomas Jefferson in the U. S. presidential election. November 4 – The Treaty of Tripoli is signed at Tripoli, november 10 – The de Portolá Expedition returns from its terminus point to San Diego after failing to find Vizcaínos Port of Monterey. Electoral College meets to elect John Adams president, panic of 1796–1797 February 18 – John Bell, United States Senator from Tennessee from 1847 till 1859. April 10 – Thomas Fitzgerald, United States Senator from Michigan from 1848 till 1849, July 24 – John M. Clayton, United States Senator from Delaware from 1829 till 1836, from 1845 till 1849 and from 1853 till 1856. September 26 – Richard H. Bayard, United States Senator from Delaware from 1841 till 1845, proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Vol.19 Henry S. Parsons. William and Mary College in 1796, the William and Mary Quarterly, Second Series, Vol.15, No. Early Party Machinery in the United States, Pennsylvania in the Election of 1796, the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.60, No. The Westward Migration of a Planter Pioneer in 1796, the William and Mary Quarterly, Second Series, Vol.21, No. The Tennessee Constitution of 1796, A Product of the Old West, the Journal of Southern History, Vol.9, No. The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol.3, amelia Simmons Fills a Need, American Cookery,1796. The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol.14, washingtons Farewell, the French Alliance, and the Election of 1796. The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol.43, No, the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.91, No. Edwin R. Baldridge Jr. Talleyrands visit to Pennsylvania, 1794-1796, the Significance of Thomas Pinckneys Candidacy in the Election of 1796. The South Carolina Historical Magazine, Vol.76, No, an English Immigrant Views American Society, Benjamin Henry Latrobes Virginia Years, 1796-1798. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.85, advertisements For Runaway Slaves, Indentured Servants, and Apprentices in the Pennsylvania Gazette, 1795–1796
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1797 in the United States
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Events from the year 1797 in the United States. February 22 – The last invasion of Britain, An American colonel named William Tate leads French forces in a landing near Fishguard in Wales, march 4 – John Adams is sworn in as the 2nd President of the United States of America. May 10 – The first ship of the United States Navy, october 21 – In Boston Harbor, the 44-gun United States Navy frigate USS Constitution is launched to fight Barbary pirates off the coast of Tripoli. The XYZ Affair inflames tensions between France and the United States, Panic of 1796–1797 February 28 – John Henderson, United States Senator from Mississippi from 1839 till 1845. May 24 – James Morehead, United States Senator from Kentucky from 1841 to 1847, November 26 – Andrew Adams, signatory of the Articles of Confederation John Lathrop. An Account of the Deleterious Effects of Mephitic Air, or Marsb Miasmata, Experienced by Three Men, in a Well, on the Boston Pier. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol.2, notes of Travel of William Henry, John Heckewelder, John Rothrock, and Christian Clewell, to Gnadenhuetten on the Muskingum, in the Early Summer of 1797. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.10,2, pp. 125–157 Charles E. Peterson. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol.12, herman R. Friis, Ralph E. Ehrenberg. Nicholas King and His Wharfing Plans of the City of Washington,1797, records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D. C. Vol. 66/68, The 46th separately bound book, pp. 34–46, the Diary of Frances Baylor Hill of Hillsborough King and Queen County Virginia. Early American Literature Newsletter, Vol.2, No, david J. Brandenburg, Millicent H. Brandenburg. The Duc De La Rochefoucauld-Liancourts Visit to the Federal City in 1797, records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D. C. Vol.49, The 49th separately bound book, pp. 35–60, talleyrand and the American Negotiations of 1797-1798. The Journal of American History, Vol.62, No, an English Immigrant Views American Society, Benjamin Henry Latrobes Virginia Years, 1796-1798. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.85, John L. Brittain and Henry Middleton Rutledge. Henry Middleton Rutledge to His Father, November 1,1797, the South Carolina Historical Magazine, Vol.83, No. Vox Populi versus the Patriot President, Benjamin Franklin Baches Philadelphia Aurora, Pennsylvania History, Vol.62, No.4, pp. 503–531
6.
Flag of the United States
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The flag of the United States, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. S. Nicknames for the flag include The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, the current design of the U. S. flag is its 27th, the design of the flag has been modified officially 26 times since 1777. The 48-star flag was in effect for 47 years until the 49-star version became official on July 4,1959, the 50-star flag was ordered by the then president Eisenhower on August 21,1959, and was adopted in July 1960. It is the version of the U. S. flag and has been in use for over 56 years. At the time of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the flag contemporaneously known as the Continental Colors has historically been referred to as the first national flag. The name Grand Union was first applied to the Continental Colors by George Preble in his 1872 history of the American flag, the flag closely resembles the British East India Company flag of the era, and Sir Charles Fawcett argued in 1937 that the company flag inspired the design. Both flags could have been constructed by adding white stripes to a British Red Ensign. However, an East India Company flag could have nine to 13 stripes. In any case, both the stripes and the stars have precedents in classical heraldry, Flag Day is now observed on June 14 of each year. While scholars still argue about this, tradition holds that the new flag was first hoisted in June 1777 by the Continental Army at the Middlebrook encampment. The first official U. S. flag flown during battle was on August 3,1777, Massachusetts reinforcements brought news of the adoption by Congress of the official flag to Fort Schuyler. A voucher is extant that Capt. Swartwout of Dutchess County was paid by Congress for his coat for the flag, the 1777 resolution was most probably meant to define a naval ensign. In the late 18th century, the notion of a flag did not yet exist. The flag resolution appears between other resolutions from the Marine Committee, on May 10,1779, Secretary of the Board of War Richard Peters expressed concern it is not yet settled what is the Standard of the United States. However, the term, Standard, referred to a standard for the Army of the United States. Each regiment was to carry the standard in addition to its regimental standard. The national standard was not a reference to the national or naval flag, the appearance was up to the maker of the flag. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows, one arrangement features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle, the so-called Betsy Ross flag
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Star-Spangled Banner (flag)
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The Star-Spangled Banner, or the Great Garrison Flag, was the garrison flag that flew over Fort McHenry in Baltimore Harbor during the naval portion of the Battle of Baltimore during the War of 1812. In Baltimores preparation for an attack on the city, Fort McHenry was made ready to defend the citys harbor. The larger of the two flags would be the Great Garrison Flag, the largest battle flag ever flown at the time, the smaller of the two flags would be the Storm Flag, to be more durable and less prone to fouling in inclement weather. Available documentation shows that this flag was sewn by local flagmaker Mary Young Pickersgill under a government commission in 1813 at a cost of $405.90. George Armistead, the commander of Fort McHenry, specified a flag so large that the British would have no difficulty seeing it from a distance. Mary Pickersgill stitched the flag from a combination of cotton and dyed English wool bunting, assisted by her daughter, the flag has fifteen horizontal red and white stripes, as well as fifteen white stars in the blue field. The two additional stars and stripes, approved by the United States Congresss Flag Act of 1794, represent Vermont, the stars are arranged in vertical rows, with five horizontal rows of stars, offset, each containing three stars. At the time, the practice of adding stripes with the induction of a new state had not yet been discontinued, the flag originally measured 30 by 42 feet. Each of the fifteen stripes is 2 feet wide, and each of the stars measures about 2 feet in diameter, the flag currently has only fourteen stars—the fifteenth star was similarly given as a gift, but its recipient and current whereabouts are unknown. The Flag was flown over the fort when 5,000 British soldiers, the bombardment turned to Fort McHenry on the evening of September 13, and continuous shelling occurred for 25 hours under heavy rain. This revelation was famously captured in poetry by Key, an American lawyer, being held by the British on a truce ship in the Patapsco River, Key observed the battle from afar. When he saw the Garrison Flag still flying at dawn of the morning of the 14th, the poem would be put to the music of a common tune, retitled The Star-Spangled Banner, and a portion of it would later be adopted as the United States National Anthem. Since its arrival at the Smithsonian, the flag has undergone multiple preservation efforts, the flag that flew during that episode in history became a significant artifact. It remained in the possession of Major Armistead, who was promoted to lieutenant colonel. Eben Appleton, Colonel Armisteads grandson, inherited the flag in 1878, in 1907, he lent it to the Smithsonian Institution, and in 1912 it was made a formal gift. Today it is housed in the National Museum of American History, one of the Smithsonian Institution museums on the National Mall in Washington. The flag was given to the museum in 1912, and has undergone multiple restoration efforts after being restored by Amelia Fowler in 1914. Due to environmental and light damage a four phase restoration project began in May 1999, in the first phase, the team removed the linen support backing that was attached to the flag during the 1914 restoration
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Timeline of United States history
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This is a timeline of United States history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political and economic events in the United States and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of the United States, some dates before September 14,1752, when the British government adopted the Gregorian calendar, may be given in the Old Style
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Media related to 1795 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
