1.
1825
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As of the start of 1825, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. January 4 – King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies is succeeded by his son Francis I of the Two Sicilies, february 3 – Vendsyssel-Thy, once part of the Jutland peninsula that formed westernmost Denmark, becomes an island after a flood drowns its 1 km wide isthmus. February 9 – After no presidential candidate receives a majority of electoral votes, february 10 – Simón Bolívar gives up his title of dictator of Peru and takes the alternative title of El Libertador. February 12 – Second Treaty of Indian Springs, The Creek cede the last of their lands in Georgia to the United States government, and migrate west. March 1 – The outbound British East Indiaman Kent is destroyed by fire in the Bay of Biscay with the loss of more than 80 lives, but over 550 are saved by passing ships. March 2 – Capture of the Anne, Roberto Cofresí, one of the last successful pirates in the Caribbean, is defeated by a naval force. March 4 – John Quincy Adams is sworn in as President of the United States, march 17 – Founding of insurance company The Norfolk & Dedham Group. July – Volcanic eruption of Mount Guntur in West Java, july 6 – The Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck gains possession of Glücksburg and changes his title to Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. The line of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg later becomes the royal house of Greece, Denmark, july 18 – Uruguay secedes from Brazil. July 30 – Malden Island is discovered by George Byron, 7th Baron Byron, august 6 – Bolivia gains its independence from Spain as a republic with the instigation of Simón Bolívar. August 18 – Scottish adventurer Gregor MacGregor issues a £300,000 loan with 2. 5% interest through the London bank of Thomas Jenkins & Company for the fictitious Central American republic of Poyais. His actions lead to the Panic of 1825, the first modern stock market crash, august 25 – Uruguay is declared independent of the Empire of Brazil by the Thirty-Three Orientals, a militant revolutionary group led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja. September – The Lady Margaret Boat Club is founded by 12 members of St Johns College, Cambridge, september 25 – General Hendrik Merkus de Kock lifts the siege of Jogjakarta, the first major action of the Java War. September 27 – The worlds first modern railway, the Stockton and Darlington Railway, october 7 – The Miramichi Fire, a forest fire, breaks out in New Brunswick. October 21 – PS Comet II sinks off Gourock with the loss of 62 lives, october 26 – The Erie Canal opens, providing passage from Albany, New York to Buffalo and Lake Erie. December 1 – Nicholas I of Russia succeeds his older brother Alexander I, december 26 – Some Imperial Russian Army officers stage the Decembrist Revolt against Nicholass accession in Saint Petersburg, but it is thoroughly suppressed by the government. The first horse-drawn omnibuses established in London, hans Christian Ørsted reduces aluminium chloride to produce metallic aluminium. History of Brisbane, The Australian city of Brisbane is founded, a new Combination Act in the United Kingdom makes trade unions legal according to narrowly defined principles
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
1823 in the United States
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Events from the year 1823 in the United States. President, James Monroe Vice President, Daniel D, august The Arikara War is fought between the Arikara nation and the United States, the first American military conflict with the Plains Indians. Hugh Glass is attacked and mauled by a Grizzly bear and left for dead and he crawls 200 miles before reaching help, events depicted in The Revenant. November 15 – Lone Horn succeeds his father, and becomes chief of the Minneconjou Sioux, december 23 – A Visit From St. Nicholas, attributed to Clement Clarke Moore, is first published. United States jurisprudence first affirms the enduring rights of indigenous landholders, orford Parish of East Hartford, Connecticut separates and is incorporated as the Town of Manchester by a special act of the Connecticut General Assembly. Farwell, United States Senator from Illinois from 1887 till 1891, July 9 – Phineas Gage, improbable head injury survivor July 24 – Arthur I. Boreman, United States Senator from West Virginia from 1869 to 1875, august 4 – Oliver P. Morton, United States Senator from Indiana from 1867 to 1877. August 15 – Orris S. Ferry, United States Senator from Connecticut from 1867 till 1875, September 14 – Benjamin Harvey Hill, United States Senator from Georgia from 1877 till 1882. November 18 – Charles H. Bell, United States Senator from New Hampshire in 1879. November 23 – Eliza Hendricks, wife of Thomas A. Hendricks, Second Lady of the United States January 21 – Gideon Olin, politician April 23 – John Williams Walker, U. S. Senator from Alabama from 1819 to 1822 September 28 – Charlotte Melmoth, tragic actress October 8 – Martin D. Hardin, Senator from Kentucky from 1816 to 1817 Media related to 1823 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
4.
1824 in the United States
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Events from the year 1824 in the United States. April – The United States Literary Gazette, a semi-monthly, begins publication and it publishes poetry by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and William Cullen Bryant, among many others. April 15 – To defend the Cherokees possession of their land, chief John Ross petitions Congress, may 15 – A boiler explosion occurs on the steamship Aetna, en route in New York Harbor, killing more than ten passengers and injuring many more. May 26 – Arkansas Territory split created Indian Territory, august 16 – Lafayette visits the United States, departing on September 7,1825. November 5 – Stephen Van Rensselaer establishes the Rensselaer School, which is known as Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute - the oldest technological university in the English-speaking world. November – Andrew Jackson receives more votes than John Quincy Adams in the U. S. presidential election. November 15 – Quapaw cede a considerable tract between the Arkansas and the Saline River. December 3 – U. S. presidential election,1824, None of the four candidates for U. S. President gain a majority of the electoral votes, december 24 Chief Pushmataha of the Choctaw Nation dies in Washington. The Chi Phi Fraternity is founded at Princeton University, Iowa tribe removed to a reservation in Kansas. A treaty between several tribes and the United States Government establish a Half-Breed Tract in present-day Lee County, harmony Society establishes the settlement of Economy, Pennsylvania. Era of Good Feelings A. B. plot January 21 – Stonewall Jackson, Confederate general March 9 – Leland Stanford, March 26 – Levi P. Morton, the 22nd Vice President of the United States from 1889 till 1893. April 20 – Alfred H. Colquitt, United States Senator from Georgia from 1883 till 1894, july 25 – Richard J. Oglesby, United States Senator from Illinois from 1873 till 1878. Media related to 1824 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
5.
1826 in the United States
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Events from the year 1826 in the United States. February 13 – The American Temperance Society is founded in Boston, july 4 – Both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams die. September 3 – The USS Vincennes, commanded by William Finch, December 21 – Fredonian Rebellion, American settlers in Mexican Texas make the first attempt to secede from Mexico, establishing the Republic of Fredonia, which will survive for just over a month. December 25 – The Eggnog Riot breaks out at the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York during the morning hours. Sing Sing prison first opened on the Hudson River, January 5 – Samuel L. M. Barlow I, lawyer January 26 – Julia Grant, born Julia Boggs Dent, First Lady as wife of Ulysses S. Grant, 18th President of the U. S. January 27 – Richard Taylor, Confederate general February 9 – John A. Logan, senator from Illinois from 1871 to 1877 February 22 – Samuel J. R. McMillan, U. S. Senator from Minnesota from 1875 to 1887 March 4 – Theodore Judah, stockbridge, U. S. Breckinridge, Second Lady of the United States September 4 – Willard Warner, U. S. Senator from Alabama from 1868 to 1871 October 7 – William B, bate, 23rd Governor of Tennessee from 1883 to 1887 and U. S. Senator from Tennessee from 1887 to 1905 October 20 – James Z. George, senator from Mississippi from 1881 to 1897 October 31 – Joseph Roswell Hawley, U. S. Senator from Connecticut from 1881 to 1905 December 3 – George B, mcClellan, soldier, civil engineer, railroad executive, and politician December 7 – Edmund G. Ross, U. S. Senator from Kansas from 1866 to 1871 January 24 – Henry H. Chambers, senator from Alabama from 1825 to 1826 February 7 – Thomas Todd, Associate Justice of the U. S
6.
1827 in the United States
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Events from the year 1827 in the United States. March 16 – Freedoms Journal, the first African-American owned and published newspaper in the United States, is founded in New York City by John Russwurm. May 21 – The Maryland Democratic Party is founded by supporters of Andrew Jackson in Baltimore, september 3 – Ho-Chunk leader Red Bird surrenders to U. S. officials, ending the Winnebago War. J. J. Audubons The Birds of America commences publication in the United Kingdom, the original Delmonicos restaurant opens in Manhattan. The first English translation of Christopher Columbus journal by Samuel Kettell is published in Boston, may 10 – William Windom, United States Senator from Minnesota from 1870 till 1881 and from 1881 till 1883. May 23 – Milton Latham, United States Senator from California from 1860 till 1863, june 7 – Alonzo J. Edgerton, United States Senator from Minnesota in 1881. June 10 – Thomas W. Ferry, United States Senator from Michigan from 1871 till 1883, july 19 – Orville H. Platt, United States Senator from Connecticut from 1879 till 1905. September 26 – Daniel W. Voorhees, United States Senator from Indiana from 1877 to 1897, september 28 – Aaron A. Sargent, United States Senator from California from 1873 till 1879. October 13 – Robert Crozier, United States Senator from Kansas from 1873 till 1874, beckwith, United States Senator from Wyoming in 1893. March 24 – Rufus King, lawyer, politician, diplomat, signatory of the United States Constitution April 24 – Israel Pickens, september 23 – Freeman Walker, United States Senator from Georgia from 1819 till 1821. Media related to 1827 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
7.
Flag of the United States
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The flag of the United States, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. S. Nicknames for the flag include The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, the current design of the U. S. flag is its 27th, the design of the flag has been modified officially 26 times since 1777. The 48-star flag was in effect for 47 years until the 49-star version became official on July 4,1959, the 50-star flag was ordered by the then president Eisenhower on August 21,1959, and was adopted in July 1960. It is the version of the U. S. flag and has been in use for over 56 years. At the time of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the flag contemporaneously known as the Continental Colors has historically been referred to as the first national flag. The name Grand Union was first applied to the Continental Colors by George Preble in his 1872 history of the American flag, the flag closely resembles the British East India Company flag of the era, and Sir Charles Fawcett argued in 1937 that the company flag inspired the design. Both flags could have been constructed by adding white stripes to a British Red Ensign. However, an East India Company flag could have nine to 13 stripes. In any case, both the stripes and the stars have precedents in classical heraldry, Flag Day is now observed on June 14 of each year. While scholars still argue about this, tradition holds that the new flag was first hoisted in June 1777 by the Continental Army at the Middlebrook encampment. The first official U. S. flag flown during battle was on August 3,1777, Massachusetts reinforcements brought news of the adoption by Congress of the official flag to Fort Schuyler. A voucher is extant that Capt. Swartwout of Dutchess County was paid by Congress for his coat for the flag, the 1777 resolution was most probably meant to define a naval ensign. In the late 18th century, the notion of a flag did not yet exist. The flag resolution appears between other resolutions from the Marine Committee, on May 10,1779, Secretary of the Board of War Richard Peters expressed concern it is not yet settled what is the Standard of the United States. However, the term, Standard, referred to a standard for the Army of the United States. Each regiment was to carry the standard in addition to its regimental standard. The national standard was not a reference to the national or naval flag, the appearance was up to the maker of the flag. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows, one arrangement features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle, the so-called Betsy Ross flag
8.
Timeline of United States history
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This is a timeline of United States history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political and economic events in the United States and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of the United States, some dates before September 14,1752, when the British government adopted the Gregorian calendar, may be given in the Old Style
9.
Federal government of the United States
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The Federal Government of the United States is the national government of the United States, a republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D. C. and several territories. The federal government is composed of three branches, legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U. S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the courts, including the Supreme Court. The powers and duties of these branches are defined by acts of Congress. The full name of the republic is United States of America, no other name appears in the Constitution, and this is the name that appears on money, in treaties, and in legal cases to which it is a party. The terms Government of the United States of America or United States Government are often used in documents to represent the federal government as distinct from the states collectively. In casual conversation or writing, the term Federal Government is often used, the terms Federal and National in government agency or program names generally indicate affiliation with the federal government. Because the seat of government is in Washington, D. C, Washington is commonly used as a metonym for the federal government. The outline of the government of the United States is laid out in the Constitution, the government was formed in 1789, making the United States one of the worlds first, if not the first, modern national constitutional republics. The United States government is based on the principles of federalism and republicanism, some make the case for expansive federal powers while others argue for a more limited role for the central government in relation to individuals, the states or other recognized entities. For example, while the legislative has the power to create law, the President nominates judges to the nations highest judiciary authority, but those nominees must be approved by Congress. The Supreme Court, in its turn, has the power to invalidate as unconstitutional any law passed by the Congress and these and other examples are examined in more detail in the text below. The United States Congress is the branch of the federal government. It is bicameral, comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate, the House currently consists of 435 voting members, each of whom represents a congressional district. The number of each state has in the House is based on each states population as determined in the most recent United States Census. All 435 representatives serve a two-year term, each state receives a minimum of one representative in the House. There is no limit on the number of terms a representative may serve, in addition to the 435 voting members, there are six non-voting members, consisting of five delegates and one resident commissioner. In contrast, the Senate is made up of two senators from each state, regardless of population, there are currently 100 senators, who each serve six-year terms
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Media related to 1825 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
