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United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
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1829 in the United States
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Events from the year 1829 in the United States. President, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson Vice President, John C, june 1 – The Philadelphia Inquirer is founded as The Pennsylvania Inquirer. July 23 – William Austin Burt obtains the first patent for a typographer, june 27 – James Smithson, a British mineralogist and chemist, leaves a bequest of £100,000 to fund the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D. C. Undated – The Georgia Gold Rush begins as the countrys first significant gold rush following the discovery of gold on October 27,1828, by Benjamin Parks in the old Hall County, senator from Iowa from 1873 to 1908 April 12 – Daniel Sheldon Norton, U. S. Senator from Minnesota from 1865 to 1870 May 8 – Louis Moreau Gottschalk, composer, rogers, surveyor August 6 – James T. Farley, U. S. Senator from Illinois from 1883 to 1913 December 8 – Henry Timrod, poet laureate of the Confederacy January 28 – Ephraim Bateman, U. S. Senator from Mississippi from 1826 to 1827 and in 1829 December 12 – John Lansing, Jr. statesman Media related to 1829 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
3.
1833 in the United States
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Events from the year 1833 in the United States. March 2 – President Andrew Jackson signs the Force Bill, which authorizes him to use troops to enforce Federal law in South Carolina, March 4 – Andrew Jackson is sworn in for his second term as President of the United States. May 11 – French-American farmhand Antoine le Blanc murders family of three, June 6 – Andrew Jackson becomes the first U. S. President to ride a railroad train. July 29 – Old State Bank erected in Decatur, Alabama, august 12 – The city of Chicago is established at the estuary of the Chicago River by 350 settlers. August 20 – Future President of the United States Benjamin Harrison is born in Ohio. From this date until the death of former U. S. President James Madison on June 28,1836, there are a total of 19 living Presidents of the United States, more than any other time period in U. S. history. September 2 – Oberlin College is founded in Oberlin, Ohio by John Shipherd, november 12–13 – Stars Fell on Alabama, A spectacular occurrence of the Leonid meteor shower is observed in Alabama. November 24 – Psi Upsilon is founded at Union College, becoming the fifth fraternity in the United States, December American Anti-Slavery Society founded in Philadelphia by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan. Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society is founded, founder members include Sarah Mapps Douglass, Charlotte Forten Grimké, nullification Crisis February 6 – J. E. B. Stuart, United States Army officer who became a Confederate States Army general during the American Civil War March 9 – Thomas W. Osborn. August 7 – Powell Clayton, United States Senator from Arkansas from 1868 till 1871, august 20 – Benjamin Harrison, 23rd President of the United States from 1889 till 1893. September 21 – James Harvey, United States Senator from Kansas from 1833 till 1873, november 12 – John Martin, United States Senator from Kansas from 1893 till 1895. November 13 – Edwin Booth, actor December 6 – John S, may 19 – Josiah S. Johnston, United States Senator from Louisiana from 1824 till 1833. Media related to 1833 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
4.
Flag of the United States
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The flag of the United States, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. S. Nicknames for the flag include The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, the current design of the U. S. flag is its 27th, the design of the flag has been modified officially 26 times since 1777. The 48-star flag was in effect for 47 years until the 49-star version became official on July 4,1959, the 50-star flag was ordered by the then president Eisenhower on August 21,1959, and was adopted in July 1960. It is the version of the U. S. flag and has been in use for over 56 years. At the time of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the flag contemporaneously known as the Continental Colors has historically been referred to as the first national flag. The name Grand Union was first applied to the Continental Colors by George Preble in his 1872 history of the American flag, the flag closely resembles the British East India Company flag of the era, and Sir Charles Fawcett argued in 1937 that the company flag inspired the design. Both flags could have been constructed by adding white stripes to a British Red Ensign. However, an East India Company flag could have nine to 13 stripes. In any case, both the stripes and the stars have precedents in classical heraldry, Flag Day is now observed on June 14 of each year. While scholars still argue about this, tradition holds that the new flag was first hoisted in June 1777 by the Continental Army at the Middlebrook encampment. The first official U. S. flag flown during battle was on August 3,1777, Massachusetts reinforcements brought news of the adoption by Congress of the official flag to Fort Schuyler. A voucher is extant that Capt. Swartwout of Dutchess County was paid by Congress for his coat for the flag, the 1777 resolution was most probably meant to define a naval ensign. In the late 18th century, the notion of a flag did not yet exist. The flag resolution appears between other resolutions from the Marine Committee, on May 10,1779, Secretary of the Board of War Richard Peters expressed concern it is not yet settled what is the Standard of the United States. However, the term, Standard, referred to a standard for the Army of the United States. Each regiment was to carry the standard in addition to its regimental standard. The national standard was not a reference to the national or naval flag, the appearance was up to the maker of the flag. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows, one arrangement features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle, the so-called Betsy Ross flag
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Timeline of United States history
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This is a timeline of United States history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political and economic events in the United States and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of the United States, some dates before September 14,1752, when the British government adopted the Gregorian calendar, may be given in the Old Style
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Federal government of the United States
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The Federal Government of the United States is the national government of the United States, a republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D. C. and several territories. The federal government is composed of three branches, legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U. S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the courts, including the Supreme Court. The powers and duties of these branches are defined by acts of Congress. The full name of the republic is United States of America, no other name appears in the Constitution, and this is the name that appears on money, in treaties, and in legal cases to which it is a party. The terms Government of the United States of America or United States Government are often used in documents to represent the federal government as distinct from the states collectively. In casual conversation or writing, the term Federal Government is often used, the terms Federal and National in government agency or program names generally indicate affiliation with the federal government. Because the seat of government is in Washington, D. C, Washington is commonly used as a metonym for the federal government. The outline of the government of the United States is laid out in the Constitution, the government was formed in 1789, making the United States one of the worlds first, if not the first, modern national constitutional republics. The United States government is based on the principles of federalism and republicanism, some make the case for expansive federal powers while others argue for a more limited role for the central government in relation to individuals, the states or other recognized entities. For example, while the legislative has the power to create law, the President nominates judges to the nations highest judiciary authority, but those nominees must be approved by Congress. The Supreme Court, in its turn, has the power to invalidate as unconstitutional any law passed by the Congress and these and other examples are examined in more detail in the text below. The United States Congress is the branch of the federal government. It is bicameral, comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate, the House currently consists of 435 voting members, each of whom represents a congressional district. The number of each state has in the House is based on each states population as determined in the most recent United States Census. All 435 representatives serve a two-year term, each state receives a minimum of one representative in the House. There is no limit on the number of terms a representative may serve, in addition to the 435 voting members, there are six non-voting members, consisting of five delegates and one resident commissioner. In contrast, the Senate is made up of two senators from each state, regardless of population, there are currently 100 senators, who each serve six-year terms
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Media related to 1831 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
