1.
1835
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As of the start of 1835, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. January 7 – HMS Beagle anchors off the Chonos Archipelago on her voyage with Charles Darwin on board as naturalist. January 8 – The United States public debt contracts to zero for the time in history. January 26 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Auguste de Beauharnais, 2nd Duke of Leuchtenberg, in Lisbon, january 30 – An assassination is attempted against United States President Andrew Jackson in the United States Capitol. February 1 – Slavery is abolished in Mauritius, february 20 – Concepción, Chile, is destroyed by an earthquake. March 2 – Ferdinand becomes Emperor of Austria, march 23 – The Mexican Academy of Language is established. April 18 – Lord Melbourne succeeds Sir Robert Peel as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, may 5 Rail transport in Belgium, a railway is opened between Brussels and Mechelen, the first in continental Europe. Braulio Carrillo is sworn in as Head of State of Costa Rica, may 8 – Hans Christian Andersens Fairy Tales Told for Children. May 11 – Matua, High Priest of the Polynesian island of Mangareva, is baptized into the Roman Catholic Church, may 23 – The Mexican State of Aguascalientes is formed by decree of President Santa Anna. June 1 – Kingston Penitentiary in Kingston, Ontario opens, june 8 – The Australian city of Melbourne is founded by John Batman and John Pascoe Fawkner. July – Bertelsmann is founded by Carl Bertelsmann as a printer and publisher in Prussia. July 14 – Organisation of the universal Catholic Apostolic Church, initially in the U. K, july 28 – In Paris, the assassination of King Louis Philippe I of France is attempted by Giuseppe Marco Fieschi using a home-made volley gun. Ten are killed but the King escapes with a minor wound, august – H. Fox Talbot exposes the worlds first known photographic negatives at Lacock Abbey in England. The New York Sun prints the first of six installments of the Great Moon Hoax, august 28 – St. Vincents Ecclesiastical Seminary, a predecessor of Castleknock College, is founded by the Vincentian community in Dublin, Ireland. August 30 – European settlers landing on the banks of the Yarra River in southeastern Australia found the city of Melbourne. September 7 – Charles Darwin arrives at the Galápagos Islands aboard HMS Beagle, september 19 – William Lloyd Garrison publishes Angelina Grimkés anti-slavery letter in The Liberator. September 20 – The Ragamuffin War begins in Rio Grande do Sul, October 3 – The Staedtler company is founded by J. S. Staedtler in Nuremberg, Germany. October 28 United Tribes of New Zealand founded at Waitangi with the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand, in the first major engagement of the Texas Revolution, Battle of Concepción, the Texian Army defeats the Mexicans
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
1833 in the United States
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Events from the year 1833 in the United States. March 2 – President Andrew Jackson signs the Force Bill, which authorizes him to use troops to enforce Federal law in South Carolina, March 4 – Andrew Jackson is sworn in for his second term as President of the United States. May 11 – French-American farmhand Antoine le Blanc murders family of three, June 6 – Andrew Jackson becomes the first U. S. President to ride a railroad train. July 29 – Old State Bank erected in Decatur, Alabama, august 12 – The city of Chicago is established at the estuary of the Chicago River by 350 settlers. August 20 – Future President of the United States Benjamin Harrison is born in Ohio. From this date until the death of former U. S. President James Madison on June 28,1836, there are a total of 19 living Presidents of the United States, more than any other time period in U. S. history. September 2 – Oberlin College is founded in Oberlin, Ohio by John Shipherd, november 12–13 – Stars Fell on Alabama, A spectacular occurrence of the Leonid meteor shower is observed in Alabama. November 24 – Psi Upsilon is founded at Union College, becoming the fifth fraternity in the United States, December American Anti-Slavery Society founded in Philadelphia by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan. Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society is founded, founder members include Sarah Mapps Douglass, Charlotte Forten Grimké, nullification Crisis February 6 – J. E. B. Stuart, United States Army officer who became a Confederate States Army general during the American Civil War March 9 – Thomas W. Osborn. August 7 – Powell Clayton, United States Senator from Arkansas from 1868 till 1871, august 20 – Benjamin Harrison, 23rd President of the United States from 1889 till 1893. September 21 – James Harvey, United States Senator from Kansas from 1833 till 1873, november 12 – John Martin, United States Senator from Kansas from 1893 till 1895. November 13 – Edwin Booth, actor December 6 – John S, may 19 – Josiah S. Johnston, United States Senator from Louisiana from 1824 till 1833. Media related to 1833 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
4.
1834 in the United States
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Events from the year 1834 in the United States. March 11 – United States Survey of the Coast transferred to the Department of the Navy, march 28 – The United States Senate censures President Andrew Jackson for his actions in defunding the Second Bank of the United States. April 14 – The Whig Party is officially named by United States Senator Henry Clay, june 30 – the 6th Indian Trade and Intercourse Act is updated and renewed Indian Territory is effective. July 7–10 – Anti-abolitionist riots in New York City, july 29 – Office of Indian Affairs organized. August 11–12 – Ursuline Convent Riots, A convent of Ursuline nuns is burned near Boston, november 4 – Delta Upsilon fraternity founded at Williams College. November 11 – The rare 1804 dollar coin is struck by the United States Mint Worcester Academy is founded as the Worcester County Manual Labor High School, Franklin College is founded in Franklin, Indiana. The Medical College of Louisiana is founded in New Orleans, which later becomes Tulane University, Wake Forest College is founded in Wake Forest, which later becomes Wake Forest University. The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad is chartered in Wilmington, North Carolina, january 9 – Wilkinson Call, United States Senator from Florida from 1879 till 1897. March 4 – James W. McDill, United States Senator from Iowa from 1881 till 1883, june 28 – Samuel Pasco, British-born United States Senator from Florida from 1887 till 1899. July 19 – Benjamin F. Jonas, United States Senator from Louisiana from 1879 till 1885, eustis, United States Senator from Louisiana from 1876 till 1879 and from 1885 till 1891. September 5 – John G. Carlisle, United States Senator from Kentucky from 1890 till 1893. September 6 – Samuel Arnold, conspirator involved in the plot to kidnap U. S. President Abraham Lincoln in 1865 October 9 – Rufus Blodgett, december 6 – Henry W. Blair, United States Senator from New Hampshire from 1879 till 1891. December 24 – Charles W. Jones, Ireland-born United States Senator from Florida from 1875 till 1887, february 28 – Isaac D. Barnard, United States Senator from 1827 till 1831. Media related to 1834 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
5.
1836 in the United States
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Events from the year 1836 in the United States. Exceptionally, this page covers not only the history of the United States of America, President, Andrew Jackson Vice President, Martin Van Buren Chief Justice, Roger B. Taney Speaker of the House of Representatives, James K. Polk Congress, 24th January 5 – Davy Crockett arrives in Texas, January 18 – Dade County, Florida, is formed. February 3 – United States Whig Party holds its first convention in Albany, February 5 – Henry Roe Campbell builds the first 4-4-0, a steam locomotive type that will soon become the most common on all railroads of the United States. February 23 – Battle of the Alamo, The siege of the Alamo begins in San Antonio, February 25 – Samuel Colt receives an American patent for the Colt revolver, the first practical adaptation of the revolving flintlock pistol. March 1 – At the Convention of 1836, delegates from 57 Texas communities convene in Washington-on-the-Brazos to deliberate independence from Mexico, march 2 – At the Convention of 1836, the Republic of Texas declares independence from Mexico. March 6 – The Battle of the Alamo ends,189 Texans are slaughtered by about 1,600 Mexicans, march 17 – Texas abolishes the slave trade. March 27 Texas Revolution, Goliad massacre - Antonio López de Santa Anna orders the Mexican army to kill about 400 Texans at Goliad, survey of the Coast returned to U. S. Treasury Department as the U. S. March 31 – Marshall College, named for John Marshall, opens in Mercersburg and it later merges with Franklin College to become Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. April 20 - U. S. Congress passes act creating the Wisconsin Territory, april 21 - Texas Revolution, Battle of San Jacinto - Republic of Texas forces under Sam Houston defeat troops under Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna. April 22 – Texas Revolution, A day after the Battle of San Jacinto, may 4 – The Ancient Order of Hibernians, an Irish Catholic fraternal organization, is founded in New York City. May 19 – Fort Parker massacre, Among those captured by Native Americans is 9-year-old Cynthia Ann Parker, she gives birth to a son named Quanah. June 15 - Arkansas is admitted as the 25th U. S. state, june 28 – James Madison, the fourth President of the United States and United States Secretary of State, dies in Montpelier, Virginia. July 3 – Wisconsin Territory is effective, july 11 – President Andrew Jackson issues the Specie Circular, beginning the failure of the land speculation economy that will lead to the Panic of 1837. July 13 – U. S. patent #1 is granted after filing 9,957 unnumbered patents, july 30 – The first English language newspaper is published in Hawaii. August 1 – Abolition Riot of 1836 in the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, august 30 – The city of Houston, Texas, is founded. September 1 – Narcissa Whitman, one of the first white women to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, september 5 – Sam Houston is elected as the first president of the Republic of Texas. September 8 – Transcendental Club founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts, october 22 – Sam Houston is inaugurated as first elected President of the Republic of Texas
6.
1837 in the United States
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Events from the year 1837 in the United States. President, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren Vice President, Martin Van Buren, Richard Mentor Johnson Chief Justice, taney Speaker of the House of Representatives, James K. Polk Congress, 24th, 25th January 1 - Dons Rok founded. January 10 - DePauw University founded in Greencastle, Indiana, January 26 - Michigan is admitted as the 26th U. S. state. February 4 - Seminoles attack Fort Foster, february 8 - Richard Johnson becomes the only Vice President of the United States chosen by the United States Senate. February 15 - Knox College founded in Galesburg, Illinois, february 25 In Philadelphia, The Institute for Colored Youth is founded as the first institution for the higher education of coloreds. Thomas Davenport obtains the first United States patent on an electric motor, march - Victor Séjours short story Le Mulâtre, the earliest known work of African American fiction, is published in the French abolitionist journal Revue des Colonies. March 4 Martin Van Buren succeeds Andrew Jackson as President of the United States, chicago is granted a city charter by Illinois. May 10 - Panic of 1837, New York City banks fail, june 5 - Houston, Texas, is granted a city charter. June 11 - The Broad Street Riot occurs in Boston, Massachusetts, july - Charles W. King sets sail on the American merchant ship Morrison. In the Morrison incident, he is turned away from Japanese ports with cannon fire, October - First publication of the The United States Magazine and Democratic Review. October 21 - General Thomas Jessup captures Osceola in pretext of negotiations, November 7 - In Alton, Illinois, abolitionist printer Elijah P. Lovejoy is shot and killed by a pro-slavery mob while he attempts to protect his printing shop from being destroyed a third time. November 8 - Mary Lyon founds Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, which later become Mount Holyoke College. The Little, Brown and Company publishing house opens its doors in Boston, john Greenleaf Whittiers first poetry book, Poems Written During the Progress of the Abolition Question in the United States, is published by Boston abolitionists. Second Seminole War January 9 – Julius C, senator from Connecticut from 1905 to 1911 George Dewey, U. S. Admiral of the Navy September 28 – David Barton, U. S. Senator from Missouri from 1821 to 1831 October 1 – Robert Clark, politician October 9 – Oliver H. Prince, U. S. Senator from Georgia from 1828 to 1829 November 7 – Elijah P. Lovejoy, abolitionist November 11 – Thomas Green Fessenden, poet Media related to 1837 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
7.
Flag of the United States
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The flag of the United States, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. S. Nicknames for the flag include The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, the current design of the U. S. flag is its 27th, the design of the flag has been modified officially 26 times since 1777. The 48-star flag was in effect for 47 years until the 49-star version became official on July 4,1959, the 50-star flag was ordered by the then president Eisenhower on August 21,1959, and was adopted in July 1960. It is the version of the U. S. flag and has been in use for over 56 years. At the time of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the flag contemporaneously known as the Continental Colors has historically been referred to as the first national flag. The name Grand Union was first applied to the Continental Colors by George Preble in his 1872 history of the American flag, the flag closely resembles the British East India Company flag of the era, and Sir Charles Fawcett argued in 1937 that the company flag inspired the design. Both flags could have been constructed by adding white stripes to a British Red Ensign. However, an East India Company flag could have nine to 13 stripes. In any case, both the stripes and the stars have precedents in classical heraldry, Flag Day is now observed on June 14 of each year. While scholars still argue about this, tradition holds that the new flag was first hoisted in June 1777 by the Continental Army at the Middlebrook encampment. The first official U. S. flag flown during battle was on August 3,1777, Massachusetts reinforcements brought news of the adoption by Congress of the official flag to Fort Schuyler. A voucher is extant that Capt. Swartwout of Dutchess County was paid by Congress for his coat for the flag, the 1777 resolution was most probably meant to define a naval ensign. In the late 18th century, the notion of a flag did not yet exist. The flag resolution appears between other resolutions from the Marine Committee, on May 10,1779, Secretary of the Board of War Richard Peters expressed concern it is not yet settled what is the Standard of the United States. However, the term, Standard, referred to a standard for the Army of the United States. Each regiment was to carry the standard in addition to its regimental standard. The national standard was not a reference to the national or naval flag, the appearance was up to the maker of the flag. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows, one arrangement features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle, the so-called Betsy Ross flag
8.
Timeline of United States history
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This is a timeline of United States history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political and economic events in the United States and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of the United States, some dates before September 14,1752, when the British government adopted the Gregorian calendar, may be given in the Old Style
9.
Federal government of the United States
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The Federal Government of the United States is the national government of the United States, a republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D. C. and several territories. The federal government is composed of three branches, legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U. S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the courts, including the Supreme Court. The powers and duties of these branches are defined by acts of Congress. The full name of the republic is United States of America, no other name appears in the Constitution, and this is the name that appears on money, in treaties, and in legal cases to which it is a party. The terms Government of the United States of America or United States Government are often used in documents to represent the federal government as distinct from the states collectively. In casual conversation or writing, the term Federal Government is often used, the terms Federal and National in government agency or program names generally indicate affiliation with the federal government. Because the seat of government is in Washington, D. C, Washington is commonly used as a metonym for the federal government. The outline of the government of the United States is laid out in the Constitution, the government was formed in 1789, making the United States one of the worlds first, if not the first, modern national constitutional republics. The United States government is based on the principles of federalism and republicanism, some make the case for expansive federal powers while others argue for a more limited role for the central government in relation to individuals, the states or other recognized entities. For example, while the legislative has the power to create law, the President nominates judges to the nations highest judiciary authority, but those nominees must be approved by Congress. The Supreme Court, in its turn, has the power to invalidate as unconstitutional any law passed by the Congress and these and other examples are examined in more detail in the text below. The United States Congress is the branch of the federal government. It is bicameral, comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate, the House currently consists of 435 voting members, each of whom represents a congressional district. The number of each state has in the House is based on each states population as determined in the most recent United States Census. All 435 representatives serve a two-year term, each state receives a minimum of one representative in the House. There is no limit on the number of terms a representative may serve, in addition to the 435 voting members, there are six non-voting members, consisting of five delegates and one resident commissioner. In contrast, the Senate is made up of two senators from each state, regardless of population, there are currently 100 senators, who each serve six-year terms
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Media related to 1835 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
