1.
KiHa 189 series
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The KiHa 189 series is a diesel multiple unit train type operated by West Japan Railway Company on Hamakaze limited express services between Osaka and Tottori in Japan since November 2010. Hamakaze Biwako Express Trains are formed as 3-car sets, as shown below, the trains are all standard-class, with a total seating capacity of 156 passengers per 3-car set. Seating is in standard 2+2 abreast configuration with a pitch of 970 mm. The first three-car set was delivered from Niigata Transys to Fukui Depot on 19 March 2010, the trains entered revenue service from 7 November 2010
2.
Kawasaki Heavy Industries
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/kaʊ. əˈsɑːki/ is a Japanese public multinational corporation primarily known as a manufacturer of motorcycles, heavy equipment, aerospace and defense equipment, rolling stock and ships. It is also active in the production of industrial robots, gas turbines, boilers, the company is named after its founder Shōzō Kawasaki, and has dual headquarters in Chūō-ku, Kobe and Minato, Tokyo. KHI is known as one of the three major industrial manufacturers of Japan, alongside Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and IHI. Prior to World War II, KHI was part of the Kobe Kawasaki zaibatsu, after the war, KHI became part of the DKB Group. Kawasaki is active in a range of the aerospace industry. It is currently developing two large, next-generation aircraft, the XP-1 maritime patrol airplane and the XC-2 transport aircraft, Kawasaki also builds helicopters, including the BK117, jointly developed and manufactured with MBB. It also produces the CH-47J / JA helicopter, in the commercial aviation business, the company is involved in the joint international development and production of large passenger aircraft. It is involved in joint development and production of the Boeing 767, Boeing 777 and Boeing 787 with The Boeing Company, and the 170,175,190 and 195 jets with Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica. It is also involved in the joint international development and production of engines for passenger aircraft such as the V2500, the RB211/Trent, the PW4000. Kawasaki also works for the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, the Company was responsible for the development and production of the payload fairings, payload attach fittings and the construction of the launch complex for the H-II rocket. It continues to provide services for the H-IIA rocket, main products Aircraft Space systems Helicopters Simulators Jet engines Missiles Electronic equipment Kawasaki is Japan’s largest manufacturer of rolling stock. It began operations in the industry in 1906 and it manufactures express and commuter trains, subway cars, freight trains, locomotives, monorails and new transit systems. Kawasaki is also involved in the development and design of high-speed trains such as Japan’s Shinkansen and its product range include high-performance LNG and LPG carriers, container ships, bulk carriers and VLCCs, as well as submarines. The Company is also involved in the development of offshore structures, Kawasaki also produces marine machinery and equipment, including main engines, propulsion systems, steering gears, deck and fishing machinery. It also offers industrial plant engineering from design to sales, main products Industrial plants Industrial robots Aerodynamic machinery Hydraulic equipment Kawasaki is involved in the development of equipment that prevents pollution in a wide range of industries. Among the leading products are fuel gas desulfurization and denitrification systems, the Company also supplies municipal refuse incineration plants, gasification and melting systems, sewage treatment and sludge incineration plants. Kawasaki has also been developing systems that enable a range of municipal and industrial waste to be recovered, recycled. The company offers of storage solutions for LNG, Kawasaki’s portfolio also includes retractable roofs, floors and other giant structures, for construction, Kawasaki produces products such as wheel loaders, tunnel machines, rollers, snowplows and purpose specific loaders
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Kinki Sharyo
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The Kinki Sharyo Co. Ltd. is an Osaka, Japan-based manufacturer of railroad vehicles. It is a company of Kintetsu Corporation. In business since 1920 and renamed The Kinki Sharyo Co and they have produced light rail vehicles used by a number of transportation agencies. Kinki Sharyo is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, bostons MBTA Green Line LAs Metro Blue, Expo, and Gold lines. SP1900/1950 EMU, serving the West Rail Line, Ma On Shan Line, extra SP1000/1950 carriages for the Sha Tin to Central Link, ordered 2014. Philippines Manila Light Rail Transit System Singapores Mass Rapid Transit system Egypts Cairo Metro Trans-Australian Express train coaches, alexandria, Egypt trams Kinki Sharyo also produces steel doors, known as the KJ series, for public housing in Japan. Cairo Metro M, N1 and N2 Cars for No.1 Line M, N1, N2 and T Cars for No
4.
Nippon Sharyo
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Nippon Sharyo, Ltd. formed in 1896, is a major rolling stock manufacturer based in Nagoya, Japan. In 1996, it abbreviated its name to 日本車両 Nippon Sharyō and its shortest abbreviation is Nissha 日車. It was a company on Nikkei 225 until 2004. It is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Nagoya Stock Exchange as ticker 7102, in 2008, Central Japan Railway Company became the majority shareholder of the financially struggling Nippon Sharyo making the firm a consolidated subsidiary of JR Central. In July 2012 Nippon Sharyo USA started production in their new facility in Rochelle, shinko Diesel Multiple Units for short distance line like Surabaya-Lamongan, Surabaya-Sidoarjo, etc. The DMU made in 1982 upwards are refurbished with Cummins Engine and this restored steam engine now sits in the foyer of the Yasukuni War Museum in Tokyo. Japanese veterans groups raised funds to return the locomotive from Burma to Japan in 1979, during World War II, Nippon Sharyo, like many major Japanese companies, drew upon prisoner of war labour to maintain war production. The POW camp at Narumi provided Allied POW forced labour for Nippon Sharyo
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Japan Transport Engineering Company
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Japan Transport Engineering Company is a manufacturer of heavy rail cars in Japan, formerly known as Tokyu Car Corporation. The company is based in Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, and a member of East Japan Railway Company group, J-TREC manufactures rail vehicles not only for JR East and Tokyu Corporation but for other Japanese operators, including various Japan Railways Group companies and international operators as well. Tokyu Car Corporation, the root of J-TREC, was founded on 23 August 1948, Tokyu Car was a licensee of early-generation stainless-steel commuter EMU train body and related bogie technology from the Budd Company of the United States. Since then, Tokyu Car has specialised in stainless-steel body car technology and it is to be subsequently split into two companies, Tokyu Car Engineering and Keihin Steel Works. Both companies will be subsidiaries of JR East, the remaining parts and machinery manufacturing division will be sold to ShinMaywa Industries. On 2 April 2012, divisions were sold and renamed, with Mitsui Iarnród Éireann/Irish Rail InterCity fleet replacement. Tokyu Car was the supplier for a fleet of high specialist 22000 Class DMUs capable of 160 km/h operation. Coaches were built by Rotem and specialist diesel-hydraulic power packs were built by MTU Friedrichshafen, Japan, Kōyūsha Co. Ltd. pp. 110–113. Japan Transport Engineering Company Tokyu Car Corporation Profile
6.
JR-West
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West Japan Railway Company, also referred to as JR-West, is one of the Japan Railways Group companies and operates in western Honshu. It has its headquarters in Kita-ku, Osaka, Hokuriku Shinkansen Sanyo Shinkansen Hakata Minami Line JR-Wests highest-grossing line is the Sanyo Shinkansen high-speed rail line between Osaka and Fukuoka. The Sanyo Shinkansen alone accounts for about 40% of JR-Wests passenger revenues, the company also operates Hakata Minami Line, a short commuter line with Shinkansen trains in Fukuoka. The Urban Network is JR-Wests name for its rail lines in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area. These lines together comprise 610 km of track, have 245 stations, Urban Network stations are equipped to handle ICOCA fare cards. Train control on these lines is highly automated, and during peak hours trains run as often as two minutes. JR-Wests Urban Network competes with a number of commuter rail operators around Osaka, the Big 4 being Hankyu Railway/Hanshin Railway, Keihan Railway, Kintetsu. JR-Wests market share in the region is roughly equal to that of the Big 4 put together, largely due to its comprehensive network and those in italics are announcement names. These lines mainly handle business and leisure travel between cities and rural areas in western Japan. They account for about 20% of the companys passenger revenues, fukuchiyama Line Includes JR Takarazuka Line. Hakubi Line Hokuriku Main Line Includes Biwako Line, honshi-Bisan Line, Chayamachi — Kojima Nicknamed Seto-Ōhashi Line Kansai Main Line, Kameyama — JR Namba Includes Yamatoji Line. Kisei Main Line, Shingū — Wakayamashi Includes Kinokuni Line, sanin Main Line Includes Sagano Line. Sanyō Main Line, Kobe — Shimonoseki, Hyōgo — Wadamisaki, takayama Main Line, Inotani — Toyama Tōkaidō Main Line, Maibara — Kobe Includes Biwako Line, JR Kyoto Line, and JR Kobe Line. Initially, it was a wholly owned subsidiary of the JNR Settlement Corporation, for the first four years of its existence, JR-West leased its highest-revenue line, the Sanyō Shinkansen, from the separate Shinkansen Holding Corporation. JR-West purchased the line in October 1991 at a cost of 974.1 billion JPY in long-term payable debt, JNRSC sold 68. 3% of JR-West in an initial public offering on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in October 1996. JRTT offered all of its shares in JR-West to the public in an international IPO in 2004, JR-West is now listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, Nagoya Stock Exchange, Osaka Securities Exchange and the Fukuoka Stock Exchange
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Japanese National Railways
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Japanese National Railways, abbreviated Kokutetsu or JNR, was the body which operated the national railway network of Japan from 1949 to 1987. As of June 1,1949, the date of establishment of JNR and this figure expanded to 21,421.1 km in 1981, but later reduced to 19,633.6 km as of March 31,1987, the last day of JNR. JNR operated both passenger and freight services, Shinkansen, the worlds first high-speed railway was debuted by JNR in 1964. Unlike railway operation, JNR Bus was not superior to local bus operators. The JR Bus companies are the successors of the bus operation of JNR, a number of unions represented workers at JNR, including the National Railway Workers Union, the National Railway Locomotive Engineers Union, and Doro-Chiba, a break-away group from Doro. Later, the Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Transportation, the ministries used the name Japanese Government Railways to refer their network in English. During World War II, many JGR lines were dismantled to supply steel for the war effort, on June 1,1949 by a directive of the U. S. General HQ in Tokyo, JGR was reorganized into Japanese National Railways, JNR enjoyed many successes, including the October 1,1964 inauguration of high-speed Shinkansen service along the Tōkaidō Shinkansen line. However, JNR was not a corporation, its accounting was independent from the national budget. Rural sections without enough passengers began to press its management, pulling it further and further into debt, in 1983, JNR started to close its unprofitable 83 local lines. By 1987, JNRs debt was over ¥27 trillion and the company was spending ¥147 for every ¥100 earned. By an act of the Diet of Japan, on April 1,1987 JNR was privatized and divided into seven companies, six passenger and one freight. Long-term liabilities of JNR were taken over by the JNR Settlement Corporation and that corporation was subsequently disbanded on October 22,1998, and its remaining debts were transferred to the national budgets general accounting. By this time the debt has risen to ¥30 trillion, many lawsuits and labor commission cases were filed over the decades from the privatization in 1987. Kokuro and the National Railway Locomotive Engineers Union, both prominent Japanese railway unions, represented a number of the JNR workers, lists of workers to be employed by the new organizations were drawn up by JNR and given to the JR companies. There was substantial pressure on members to leave their unions, and within a year. Workers who had supported the privatization, or those who left Kokuro, were hired at substantially higher rates than Kokuro members. Around 7,600 workers were transferred in this way, and around 2,000 of them were hired by JR firms and this period ended in April 1990, and 1,047 were dismissed
8.
East Japan Railway Company
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East Japan Railway Company is a major passenger railway company in Japan and one of the seven Japan Railways Group companies. The company name is abbreviated as JR-EAST or JR East in English. The companys headquarters are in Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo, JR East was incorporated on 1 April 1987 after being spun off from the government-run Japanese National Railways. Following the breakup, JR East ran the operations on former JNR lines in the Greater Tokyo Area, the Tohoku region and its railway lines primarily serve Kanto and Tohoku regions, along with adjacent areas in Koshinetsu region and Shizuoka prefectures. JR East operates all of the Shinkansen, high-speed rail lines and these lines have sections inside the Tokyo Suburban Area designated by JR East. This does not necessarily mean that the lines are fully inside the Greater Tokyo Area, JR East aims to reduce its carbon emissions by half, as measured over the period 1990-2030. This would be achieved by increasing the efficiency of trains and company-owned thermal power stations, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department has stated that JR Easts official union is a front for an organized crime syndicate called the Japan Revolutionary Communist League. An investigation of this is ongoing, the East Japan Railway Culture Foundation is a non-profit organization established by JR East for the purpose of developing a richer railway culture. The Railway Museum in Saitama is operated by the foundation, EJRC has bid for the London Midland franchise in the United Kingdom. Winners will be announced on June 2017 and will start operating on October 2017, East Japan Railway Company Web Site JR East official apology for Inaho No.14 accident on 25 December 2005 Company history books. Wiki collection of works on East Japan Railway Company
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Resistor
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A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses. High-power resistors that can dissipate many watts of power as heat may be used as part of motor controls, in power distribution systems. Fixed resistors have resistances that only slightly with temperature, time or operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements, or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and are ubiquitous in electronic equipment. Practical resistors as discrete components can be composed of various compounds, Resistors are also implemented within integrated circuits. The electrical function of a resistor is specified by its resistance, the nominal value of the resistance falls within the manufacturing tolerance, indicated on the component. Two typical schematic diagram symbols are as follows, The notation to state a resistors value in a circuit diagram varies, one common scheme is the letter and digit code for resistance values following IEC60062. It avoids using a separator and replaces the decimal separator with a letter loosely associated with SI prefixes corresponding with the parts resistance. For example, 8K2 as part marking code, in a diagram or in a bill of materials indicates a resistor value of 8.2 kΩ. Additional zeros imply a tighter tolerance, for example 15M0 for three significant digits, when the value can be expressed without the need for a prefix, an R is used instead of the decimal separator. For example, 1R2 indicates 1.2 Ω, and 18R indicates 18 Ω, for example, if a 300 ohm resistor is attached across the terminals of a 12 volt battery, then a current of 12 /300 =0.04 amperes flows through that resistor. Practical resistors also have some inductance and capacitance which affect the relation between voltage and current in alternating current circuits, the ohm is the SI unit of electrical resistance, named after Georg Simon Ohm. An ohm is equivalent to a volt per ampere, since resistors are specified and manufactured over a very large range of values, the derived units of milliohm, kilohm, and megohm are also in common usage. The total resistance of resistors connected in series is the sum of their resistance values. R e q = R1 + R2 + ⋯ + R n, the total resistance of resistors connected in parallel is the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistors. 1 R e q =1 R1 +1 R2 + ⋯ +1 R n. For example, a 10 ohm resistor connected in parallel with a 5 ohm resistor, a resistor network that is a combination of parallel and series connections can be broken up into smaller parts that are either one or the other
10.
Railway electrification system
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A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure, selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas, some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation, Electric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network, some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own lines, switches and transformers. Power is supplied to moving trains with a continuous conductor running along the track usually takes one of two forms. The first is a line or catenary wire suspended from poles or towers along the track or from structure or tunnel ceilings. Locomotives or multiple units pick up power from the wire with pantographs on their roofs that press a conductive strip against it with a spring or air pressure. Examples are described later in this article, the second is a third rail mounted at track level and contacted by a sliding pickup shoe. Both overhead wire and third-rail systems usually use the rails as the return conductor. In comparison to the alternative, the diesel engine, electric railways offer substantially better energy efficiency, lower emissions. Electric locomotives are usually quieter, more powerful, and more responsive and they have no local emissions, an important advantage in tunnels and urban areas. Different regions may use different supply voltages and frequencies, complicating through service, the limited clearances available under catenaries may preclude efficient double-stack container service. Possible lethal electric current due to risk of contact with high-voltage contact wires, overhead wires are safer than third rails, but they are often considered unsightly. These are independent of the system used, so that. The permissible range of voltages allowed for the voltages is as stated in standards BS EN50163. These take into account the number of trains drawing current and their distance from the substation, railways must operate at variable speeds. Until the mid 1980s this was only practical with the brush-type DC motor, since such conversion was not well developed in the late 19th century and early 20th century, most early electrified railways used DC and many still do, particularly rapid transit and trams
