1.
1873
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As of the start of 1873, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. January 1 Japan adopts the Gregorian calendar, the California Penal Code goes into effect. January 17 – American Indian Wars, The First Battle of the Stronghold is fought during the Modoca War, February 11 – The Spanish Cortes deposes King Amadeus I and proclaims the First Spanish Republic. February 12 Emilio Castelar, the foreign minister, becomes prime minister of the new Spanish Republic. February 20 The University of California opens its first medical school in San Francisco, British Naval Officer John Morseby discovers the site of Port Moresby and claims the land for Britain. March 3 – Censorship, The United States Congress enacts the Comstock Law, making it illegal to send any obscene, lewd, march 4 – Ulysses S. Grant is sworn in for a second term as President of the United States. March 15 – The Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity is founded at the Massachusetts Agricultural College, march 19 – German Modernist composer Max Reger is born in Brand, Bavaria. March 22 – Emancipation Day for Puerto Rico, Slaves are freed, march 29 – The Rio Tinto Company is formed in Spain, following the February 17 purchase of the Rio Tinto mine from the Spanish government by a British investment group. April 1 – The British steamer RMS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia, april 4 – The Kennel Club, the worlds first kennel club, is founded in the United Kingdom. April 15–17 – American Indian Wars, The Second Battle of the Stronghold is fought, april 19 –11 perish in a train derailment due to a bridge washout in the village of Richmond Switch in Richmond, Rhode Island. May – Henry Rose exhibits barbed wire at an Illinois county fair, which is taken up by Joseph Glidden and Jacob Haish, may 5 – Battle of Eraul, Carlists under General Dorregaray defeat Republicans at Eraul, near Estella during the Third Carlist War. May 9 Der Gründerkrach, The Wiener Börse crash in Austria-Hungary ends the Gründerzeit and heralds the global Panic of 1873, the Battle of Montejurra at Navarra, Spain, is fought during the Third Carlist War. May 20 Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis receive United States patent#139121 for using copper rivets to strengthen the pockets of denim work pants, Levi Strauss & Co. begin manufacturing the famous Levis brand of jeans, using fabric from the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company in Manchester, New Hampshire. In Chipping Norton, England, rioters attempt to free the Ascott Martyrs –sixteen women sentenced to imprisonment for attempting to dissuade strikebreakers, may 23 The Canadian Parliament establishes the North-West Mounted Police. The Preakness Stakes horse race is run for the first time in Baltimore, may 27 Classical archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann discovers Priams Treasure. Laan brings order to the created by the dockworker riots of Tripoli. The city of Khiva falls to Imperial Russian forces, under the command of General Konstantin von Kaufman, june 4 – American Indian Wars, The Modoc War ends with the capture of Kintpuash. June 9 – Alexandra Palace in London is destroyed by only a fortnight after its opening
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
1871 in the United States
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Events from the year 1871 in the United States. The U. S. Army issues an order for the abandonment of Fort Kearny, april 20 – The U. S President Ulysses S. Grant signs the Ku Klux Klan Act. May 4 – The first supposedly Major League Baseball game is played, may 8 – The first Major League Baseball home run is hit by Ezra Sutton of the Cleveland Forest Citys. June 10 – Captain McLane Tilton leads 109 U. S, marines in a naval attack on the Han River forts in Korea. July 21–August 26 – First ever photographs of Yellowstone National Park region taken by the photographer William Henry Jackson during Hayden Geological Survey of 1871, July 28 – The Annie, the first boat ever launched on Yellowstone Lake in Yellowstone National Park region. Seawanhaka Yacht Club founded at Centre Island, New York, one of the earliest surviving yacht clubs in the Western Hemisphere, September 2 – The disastrous Polaris expedition reaches 82°45′N, the northernmost latitude of any ship to this time. October 8 – Four major fires break out on the shores of Lake Michigan in Chicago, Illinois, Peshtigo, Wisconsin, Holland, Michigan, november 5 – Wickenburg massacre, Six men travelling by stagecoach are reportedly murdered by the Yavapai Indians in Arizona Territory. November 17 – The National Rifle Association is granted a charter by the state of New York, december 19 – The city of Birmingham, Alabama, is incorporated with the merger of three pre-existing towns. William M. Tweed serves his last year as the Boss of the Tammany Hall political machine in New York. The South Improvement Company is formed by John D. Rockefeller, the Harvard Summer School is founded. Reconstruction era Gilded Age March 1 – Ben Harney, composer and ragtime pianist May 19 – Walter Russell, polymath May 31 – John G. Townsend, Jr. U. S. Senator from Delaware from 1929 to 1941 June 17 – James Weldon Johnson, African American songwriter, author, diplomat and educator July 27 – Ollie Murray James, U. S. Senator from Kentucky from 1913 to 1918 August 19 Joseph E. Widener, art collector Orville Wright, pioneer aviator August 27 – Theodore Dreiser, novelist September 9 – Magnus Johnson, senator from Minnesota from 1923 to 1925 October 14 – William Howard Thompson, U. S. Senator from Kansas from 1913 to 1919 October 11 – Harriet Boyd Hawes, archaeologist October 17 – Thaddeus H. Caraway, U. S
4.
1872 in the United States
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Events from the year 1872 in the United States. February 13 – Rex, the most famous parade on Mardi Gras, February 20 – The Metropolitan Museum of Art opens in New York City. March 1 – Yellowstone National Park is established as the worlds first national park March 5 – George Westinghouse patents the air brake for railways. March 26 – The 7. 4–7.9 Mw Lone Pine earthquake shakes eastern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X. Twenty-seven people were killed, may 10 – Victoria Woodhull becomes the first woman nominated for President of the United States. May 22 – Reconstruction, President Ulysses S. Grant signs the Amnesty Act of 1872 into law restoring full rights to all. June 4 – Two men lead investors to land near the Wyoming-Colorado border claiming to have found diamonds there, September 4 – The New York Sun breaks the story on the Crédit Mobilier of America scandal September 26 – The first Shriners Temple is established in New York City. October 1 – The Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College begins its first academic session, October 2 – Morgan State University founded. November – Ulysses S. Grant defeats Horace Greeley in the U. S, November 5 – Womens suffrage, In defiance of the law, suffragist Susan B. Anthony votes for the first time, November 7 – The Mary Celeste sets sail from New York, bound for Genoa. November 9 – Great Boston Fire of 1872, In Boston, Massachusetts, the two-day event destroyed about 65 acres of city,776 buildings, much of the financial district and caused US$60 million in damage. November 28 – The geologist Clarence King uncovers the hoax in Wyoming in The New York Times. November 29 – Indian Wars, The Modoc War begins with the Battle of Lost River, December 4 – The crewless American-owned ship Mary Celeste is found by the British brig Dei Gratia in the Atlantic. December 9 – P. B. S. Pinchback takes office as Governor of Louisiana, the first African American governor of a U. S. state. Reconstruction era Gilded Age The Wheeler Survey of the southwestern US, 1872–1879 January 20 – Julia Morgan, California architect January 31 – Zane Grey, Western novelist February 1 – Jerome F. S. Senator from Tennessee from 1929 to 1931 March 15 – Harry Holman, character film actor April 5 – Samuel Cate Prescott, food scientist and microbiologist April 23 – Nathan Philemon Bryan, senator from Arkansas from 1913 to 1937 James J. Couzens, U. S. Senator from Arkansas in 1913 November 7 – Leonora Speyer, née von Stosch, classical violinist and poet November 11 – Maude Adams, stage actress December 9 – Thomas W. Hardwick, U. S. Senator from Georgia from 1914 to 1919 December 17 – Walter Loving, African American military bandleader January 4 – Arnold Naudain, U. S. Senator from Delaware from 1830 to 1836 January 7 – James Fisk, financier January 9 – Henry Halleck, general January 21 – Thomas Bragg, U. S
5.
1874 in the United States
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Events from the year 1874 in the United States. February 21 – The Oakland Daily Tribune publishes its first newspaper, March 18 – Hawaii signs a treaty with the United States granting exclusive trading rights. March – The Young Mens Hebrew Association in Manhattan is founded, may 20 – Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis receive a U. S. patent for blue jeans with copper rivets. The price is $13.50 per dozen, July 1 Philadelphia Zoo opens, the first public zoo in the U. S. Four-year-old Charley Ross, Americas first major kidnapping for Ransom victim is taken from his home in Philadelphia. Sholes and Glidden typewriter, with cylindrical platen and QWERTY keyboard, November 4 – Democrats regain the U. S. House of Representatives for the first time since 1860. November 7 – Harpers Weekly publishes a cartoon by Thomas Nast considered the first important use of an elephant as a symbol for the Republican Party. November 11 – The Gamma Phi Beta sorority is founded at Syracuse University and this is the first womens Greek letter organization to be called a sorority. November 25 – The United States Greenback Party is established as a political party, the San Diego Natural History Museum is founded. Reconstruction era Gilded Age Depression of 1873–79 January 4 – John W. Thomas, Senator from Idaho from 1928 to 1933 and from 1940 to 1945 January 7 – M. M. Logan, U. S. Senator from Kentucky from 1931 to 1939 January 9 – Helen Tufts Bailie, social reformer and activist April 16 – Frederick Van Nuys, Senator from Indiana from 1933 to 1944 March 5 – Daniel O. Hastings, U. S. Senator from Delaware from 1928 to 1937 March 26 – Robert Frost, poet March 29 – Lou Henry Hoover, First Lady of the United States as wife of Herbert Hoover May 20 – Augustine Lonergan, U. S. Senator from Connecticut from 1933 to 1939 July 1 – Edward P. Costigan, Senator from Colorado from 1931 to 1937 August 10 – Herbert Hoover, 31st President of the United States from 1929 to 1933 September 13 – Henry F. Ashurst, U. S. Senator from Arizona from 1912 to 1941 December 4 – Edwin S. Broussard, Senator from Louisiana from 1921 to 1933 January 7 - John Burton Thompson, United States Senator from Kentucky from 1853 till 1859. October 6 – Samuel M. Kier, industrialist November 20 - Jackson Morton, full Date Unknown - Paul Jennings, slave of James Madison, writer Media related to 1874 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
6.
1875 in the United States
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Events from the year 1875 in the United States. President, Ulysses S. Grant Vice President, Henry Wilson, vacant Chief Justice, Morrison Waite Speaker of the House of Representatives, James G. Blaine, kerr Congress, 43rd, 44th January 25 – Anti-Slavery Society forms in New York. The two tribes are not allowed to return to the Verde Valley until 1900, february 27 – Newton Booth, 11th Governor of California, resigns, having been elected Senator. Lieutenant Governor of California Romualdo Pacheco becomes acting Governor and he is later replaced by elected governor William Irwin. March 1 – The United States Congress passes the Civil Rights Act, March 15 – Roman Catholic Archbishop of New York John McCloskey is named the first cardinal in the U. S. April 25 – Ten sophomores from Rutgers College steal a one-ton cannon from the campus of the College of New Jersey, may 17 – Aristides wins the first Kentucky Derby. June – The record-setting clipper Flying Cloud of 1851 is burned for scrap metal, june 4 – Two American colleges play each other in arguably the first game of College Football, Tufts University and Harvard University at Jarvis Field in Cambridge, Mass. October 16 – Brigham Young University is founded in Provo, Utah, october 25 – The first performance of the Piano Concerto No.1 by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky is given in Boston, Massachusetts with Hans von Bülow as soloist. October 30 – The Theosophical Society is founded in New York by Helena Blavatsky, H. S. Olcott, november 9 – Indian Wars, In Washington, D. C. Indian Inspector E. C. Watkins issues a report stating that hundreds of Sioux and Cheyenne associated with Sitting Bull, december 4 – Notorious New York City politician Boss Tweed escapes from prison and flees to Cuba, then to Spain. December 9 – The Massachusetts Rifle Association, Americas Oldest Active Gun Club, is formed, the Tong Wars begin in San Francisco. Reconstruction era Gilded Age Depression of 1873–79 May 4 – John J. Blaine, july 2 – Hubert D. Stephens, United States Senator from Mississippi from 1923 till 1935. August 11 – Raymond E. Willis, United States Senator from Indiana from 1941 to 1947, september 17 – John H. Overton, United States Senator from Louisiana from 1933 till 1948. Adams, United States Senator from Colorado from 1923 to 1924, november 6 – Richard L. Murphy, United States Senator from Iowa from 1933 till 1936. November 19 – Hiram Bingham III, United States Senator from Connecticut from 1924 till 1933, february 5 – William Alfred Buckingham, United States Senator from Connecticut from 1869 till 1875. February 7 – Edmund Spangler, carpenter and stagehand who was employed at Fords Theatre at the time of President Abraham Lincolns murder May 17 – John C, breckinridge, 14th Vice President of the United States from 1857 till 1861. May 20 – Jesse D. Bright, United States Senator from Indiana from 1845 till 1862, july 8 – Francis Preston Blair, Jr. United States Senator from Missouri from 1871 till 1873. July 31 – Andrew Johnson, 17th President of the United States from 1865 till 1869, secretary of the Navy from 1850 to 1852 August 17 – John B
7.
Flag of the United States
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The flag of the United States, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. S. Nicknames for the flag include The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, the current design of the U. S. flag is its 27th, the design of the flag has been modified officially 26 times since 1777. The 48-star flag was in effect for 47 years until the 49-star version became official on July 4,1959, the 50-star flag was ordered by the then president Eisenhower on August 21,1959, and was adopted in July 1960. It is the version of the U. S. flag and has been in use for over 56 years. At the time of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the flag contemporaneously known as the Continental Colors has historically been referred to as the first national flag. The name Grand Union was first applied to the Continental Colors by George Preble in his 1872 history of the American flag, the flag closely resembles the British East India Company flag of the era, and Sir Charles Fawcett argued in 1937 that the company flag inspired the design. Both flags could have been constructed by adding white stripes to a British Red Ensign. However, an East India Company flag could have nine to 13 stripes. In any case, both the stripes and the stars have precedents in classical heraldry, Flag Day is now observed on June 14 of each year. While scholars still argue about this, tradition holds that the new flag was first hoisted in June 1777 by the Continental Army at the Middlebrook encampment. The first official U. S. flag flown during battle was on August 3,1777, Massachusetts reinforcements brought news of the adoption by Congress of the official flag to Fort Schuyler. A voucher is extant that Capt. Swartwout of Dutchess County was paid by Congress for his coat for the flag, the 1777 resolution was most probably meant to define a naval ensign. In the late 18th century, the notion of a flag did not yet exist. The flag resolution appears between other resolutions from the Marine Committee, on May 10,1779, Secretary of the Board of War Richard Peters expressed concern it is not yet settled what is the Standard of the United States. However, the term, Standard, referred to a standard for the Army of the United States. Each regiment was to carry the standard in addition to its regimental standard. The national standard was not a reference to the national or naval flag, the appearance was up to the maker of the flag. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows, one arrangement features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle, the so-called Betsy Ross flag
8.
Timeline of United States history
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This is a timeline of United States history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political and economic events in the United States and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of the United States, some dates before September 14,1752, when the British government adopted the Gregorian calendar, may be given in the Old Style
9.
Federal government of the United States
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The Federal Government of the United States is the national government of the United States, a republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D. C. and several territories. The federal government is composed of three branches, legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U. S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the courts, including the Supreme Court. The powers and duties of these branches are defined by acts of Congress. The full name of the republic is United States of America, no other name appears in the Constitution, and this is the name that appears on money, in treaties, and in legal cases to which it is a party. The terms Government of the United States of America or United States Government are often used in documents to represent the federal government as distinct from the states collectively. In casual conversation or writing, the term Federal Government is often used, the terms Federal and National in government agency or program names generally indicate affiliation with the federal government. Because the seat of government is in Washington, D. C, Washington is commonly used as a metonym for the federal government. The outline of the government of the United States is laid out in the Constitution, the government was formed in 1789, making the United States one of the worlds first, if not the first, modern national constitutional republics. The United States government is based on the principles of federalism and republicanism, some make the case for expansive federal powers while others argue for a more limited role for the central government in relation to individuals, the states or other recognized entities. For example, while the legislative has the power to create law, the President nominates judges to the nations highest judiciary authority, but those nominees must be approved by Congress. The Supreme Court, in its turn, has the power to invalidate as unconstitutional any law passed by the Congress and these and other examples are examined in more detail in the text below. The United States Congress is the branch of the federal government. It is bicameral, comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate, the House currently consists of 435 voting members, each of whom represents a congressional district. The number of each state has in the House is based on each states population as determined in the most recent United States Census. All 435 representatives serve a two-year term, each state receives a minimum of one representative in the House. There is no limit on the number of terms a representative may serve, in addition to the 435 voting members, there are six non-voting members, consisting of five delegates and one resident commissioner. In contrast, the Senate is made up of two senators from each state, regardless of population, there are currently 100 senators, who each serve six-year terms
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![In 1873, railroads connect Northern Michigan port cities of Ludington, Traverse City and Petoskey. By 1880 the Great Lakes region would dominate logging, with Michigan producing more lumber than any other state.[1]](/wiki/File:Michigan_railroad_map_1876.jpg)
Media related to 1873 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
