1.
1878
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As of the start of 1878, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. January 5 – Battle of Shipka Pass IV, Russian and Bulgarian forces defeat the Ottoman Empire, January 9 – Umberto I becomes King of Italy. January 17 – Battle of Philippopolis, Russian troops defeat the Turks, January 23 – Benjamin Disraeli orders the British fleet to the Dardanelles. January 24 – The revolutionary Vera Zasulich shoots at Fyodor Trepov, January 28 – The Yale News becomes the first daily college newspaper in the United States. January 31 – Turkey agrees to an armistice at Adrianople, february 2 – Greece declares war on Turkey. February 7 – Pope Pius IX dies after a 31½ year reign, february 8 – The British fleet enters Turkish waters and anchors off Istanbul, Russia threatens to occupy Istanbul but does not carry out the threat. February 18 – The Lincoln County War begins in Lincoln County, february 19 – The phonograph is patented by Thomas Edison. February 20 – Pope Leo XIII succeeds Pope Pius IX as the 256th pope, february 23 - Sadguru Shri Gajanan Maharaj appeared at Shegaon, Dist, Buldhana, Maharashtra. February 24 – Anti-Russian demonstrations occur in Hyde Park, London, february 28 – Mississippi State University is created by the Mississippi Legislature. March 25 – Russia rejects a British proposal to lay the San Stefano treaty before a European congress, march 27 – In anticipation of war with Russia, Disraeli mobilizes the reserves and calls up Indian troops to Malta. April 20 – The Stawell Gift is run for the first time in Australia, may 2 – The Washburn A Mill in Minneapolis explodes, killing 18. May 15 – The Tokyo Stock Exchange is established, may 25 – Gilbert and Sullivans comic opera H. M. S. Pinafore debuts in London at the Opera Comique with a first run of 571 performances, june 1 – General Postal Union renamed Universal Postal Union. June 4 – Cyprus Convention, The Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to the United Kingdom, june 13–July 13 – The Congress of Berlin convenes to discuss the Ottoman Empire. Coastal Survey renamed U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, july 4 – A match race between champion thoroughbred racehorses Ten Broeck and Mollie McCarty draws more than 30,000 fans to Louisville and inspires the folk song, Molly and Tenbrooks. July 26 – In California, the poet and American West outlaw calling himself Black Bart makes his last clean getaway when he steals a box from a Wells Fargo stagecoach. The empty box is later with a taunting poem inside. August 7 – The Salvation Army foundation deed is signed, august 9 – The Wallingford Tornado of 1878, the deadliest tornado in Connecticut history, destroys the town of Wallingford, killing 34 people and injuring 70 or more
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
1876 in the United States
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Events from the year 1876 in the United States. President, Ulysses S. Grant Vice President, vacant Chief Justice, Morrison Waite Speaker of the House of Representatives, kerr, Samuel J. Morgan Bulkeley of the Hartford Dark Blues is selected as the leagues first President. February 22 – Johns Hopkins University is founded in Baltimore, Maryland, february/March – The Harvard Lampoon humor magazine is founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts. March 7 – Alexander Graham Bell is granted a patent for an invention he calls the telephone, march 10 – Alexander Graham Bell makes the first successful call by saying Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you. April 17 – Friends Academy is founded by Gideon Frost at Locust Valley, may 10 – The Centennial Exposition begins in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. May 18 – Wyatt Earp starts work in Dodge City, Kansas, June 4 – The Transcontinental Express arrives in San Francisco, California via the First Transcontinental Railroad,83 hours and 39 minutes after having left New York City. June 17 – Indian Wars – Battle of the Rosebud,1,500 Sioux, June 24 – First published review of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain, in a British magazine, the books first edition has appeared earlier in June in England. July 4 – The United States celebrates its centennial, August 1 – Colorado is admitted as the 38th U. S. state. August 2 – Wild Bill Hickok is killed in a game in Deadwood. September 7 – In Northfield, Minnesota, Jesse James and the James-Younger Gang attempt to rob the bank but are surrounded by an angry mob and are nearly wiped out. October 4 – Texas A&M University opens for classes, November 7 – The presidential election ends indecisively with 184 Electoral College votes for Samuel J. Tilden,165 for Rutherford B. The new president is not decided until 1877, November 10 – The Centennial Exposition ends in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. November 23 – Corrupt Tammany Hall leader William Marcy Tweed is delivered to authorities in New York City after being captured in Spain, december 5 – The Brooklyn Theater Fire kills at least 278, possibly more than 300. December 6 – The first cremation in the United States takes place in a built by Francis Julius LeMoyne. Lyford House, by Richardson Bay, Tiburon, California is constructed, adolphus Buschs brewery, Anheuser-Busch in St. Louis, Missouri, first markets Budweiser, a pale lager, as a nationally sold beer. Senator from Illinois from 1933 to 1939 April 9 – Park Trammell, senator from Florida from 1917 to 1936 April 23 – Mary Ellicott Arnold, social activist May 21 – Augustus Owsley Stanley, U. S. Senator from Kentucky from 1919 to 1925 June 5 – Tony Jackson, jazz pianist July 12 – Alphaeus Philemon Cole, senator from Florida from 1907 to 1908 November 23 – Thomas M. Storke, U. S. S. December 12 – Alvin Kraenzlein, hurdler January 10 – Gordon Granger, senator from Kentucky from 1847 to 1853 September 27 – Braxton Bragg, U. S
4.
1877 in the United States
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Events from the year 1877 in the United States. March 4 – Rutherford B. Hayes becomes President of the United States, may 5 – Indian Wars, Sitting Bull leads his band of Lakota into Canada to avoid harassment by the United States Army under Colonel Nelson Miles. May 6 – Realizing that his people are weakened by cold and hunger, may 8 – At Gilmores Gardens in New York City, the first Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show opens. June 15 – Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy, June 17 – Indian Wars – Battle of White Bird Canyon, The Nez Perce defeat the U. S. Cavalry at White Bird Canyon in the Idaho Territory. June 21 – The Molly Maguires are hanged at Carbon County Prison in Jim Thorpe, july 10 – The then villa of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico formally receives its city charter from the Royal Crown of Spain. Louis, briefly establishing a Communist government before U. S. President Rutherford B. Hayes calls in the armed forces, the army loses 29 soldiers and Indians lose 89 warriors in a U. S. Army victory. August 17 – Arizona blacksmith F. P. Cahill is fatally wounded by Billy the Kid, Cahill dies the next day, becoming the first person killed by the Kid. September – The first meeting of the Knights of Reliance in Lampasas County, Texas, september 5 – Indian Wars, Oglala Sioux chief Crazy Horse is bayoneted by a United States soldier, after resisting confinement in a guardhouse at Fort Robinson in Nebraska. November 21 – Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, Edison demonstrates the device for the first time on November 29. November 22 – The first college lacrosse game is played between New York University and Manhattan College, reconstruction era Gilded Age Depression of 1873–79 March 7 – Charles O. Andrews, U. S. Senator from Florida from 1936 to 1946 April 3 – Karl C, senator from Colorado from 1932 to 1933 May 16 – Joseph M. McCormick, U. S. Senator from Illinois from 1919 to 1925 June 12 – Thomas C, senator from Connecticut from 1945 to 1946 August 10 – Frank Marshall, chess player October 2 – Carl Hayden, U. S. Senator from Arizona from 1927 to 1969 October 13 – Theodore G. Bilbo, Governor of Mississippi from 1928 to 1932 and from 1935 to 1947, senator from Mississippi from 1935 to 1947 October 31 – Josiah O. Wolcott, U. S. Senator from Delaware from 1917 to 1921 November 12 – Warren Austin, senator from Vermont from 1931 to 1946 November 16 – Rice W. Means, U. S. Senator from Colorado from 1924 to 1927 November 24 – Alben W. Barkley, 35th Vice President of the United States from 1949 to 1953 and U. S. Senator from Kentucky from 1927 to 1949 and from 1955 to 1956 January 4 – Cornelius Vanderbilt, entrepreneur January 17 – John Pettit, senator from Indiana from 1853 to 1855 June 17 – Daniel D. Pratt, U. S. Bogy, U. S. Senator from Missouri from 1873 to 1877 October 29 – Nathan Bedford Forrest, Confederate Civil War General, first Grand Wizard of the Klu Klux Klan November 1 – Oliver P. Morton, U. S. Senator from Indiana from 1867 to 1877 (born 1823 Media related to 1877 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
5.
1879 in the United States
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Events from the year 1879 in the United States. January 1 – The Specie Resumption Act takes effect, the Greenback is valued the same as gold for the first time since the American Civil War. February 12 – At New York Citys Madison Square Garden, the first artificial ice rink in North America opens, february 15 – Womens rights, American President Rutherford B. Hayes signs a bill allowing female attorneys to argue cases before the Supreme Court of the United States. February 22 – In Utica, New York, Frank Woolworth opens the first of many of 5, March 3 – The United States Geological Survey is created. May 30 – New York Citys Gilmores Garden is renamed Madison Square Garden by William Henry Vanderbilt, july 19 – Doc Holliday kills for the first time after a man shoots up Hollidays New Mexico saloon. September 25 – Deadwood, South Dakota fire, Two-thousand people left homeless, total loss of property is estimated at $3 million. September 29 – Meeker Massacre, Nathan Meeker and others are killed in an uprising at the White River Ute Indian Reservation in Colorado, october 22 – Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric light bulb. December 31 – Thomas Edison demonstrates incandescent lighting to the public for the first time in Menlo Park, simmons College of Kentucky, a historically black school, is founded. The Archaeological Institute of America is formed, mary Baker Eddy founds the Church of Christ, Scientist in Boston. Henry George publishes Progress and Poverty, laton Alton Huffman takes the photograph of Native American woman Pretty Nose. February 12 – George McGill, United States Senator from Kansas from 1930 util 1939, may 3 – Clyde L. Herring, United States Senator from Iowa from 1937 util 1943. August 2 – James M. Tunnell, United States Senator from Delaware from 1941 until 1947, august 27 – Otis F. Glenn, United States Senator from Illinois from 1928 until 1933. November 28 – Guy V. Howard, United States Senator from Minnesota from 1936 until 1937, December 15 – Bert H. Miller, United States Senator from Idaho in 1949. December 26 – Christie Benet, United States Senator from South Carolina in 1918, March 2 – Wade Keyes, Acting Confederate States Attorney General in 1861 and 1863-1864 March 16 – George Goldthwaite, United States Senator from Alabama from 1871 till 1877. July 26 – Robert Ward Johnson, United States Senator from Arkansas from 1862 till 1865, august 30 – John Bell Hood, Confederate general September 30 – Francis Gillette, United States Senator from Connecticut from 1854 till 1855. November 1 – Zachariah Chandler, United States Senator from Michigan from 1857 till 1875 and in 1879. October 31 – Joseph Hooker, General in the Union Army during American Civil War December 31 – George S. Houston, Governor of Alabama from 1874 till 1878, media related to 1879 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
6.
1880 in the United States
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Events from the year 1880 in the United States. February 2 – The first electric streetlight is installed in Wabash, march 31 – Wabash, Indiana becomes the first electrically lighted city in the world. May 13 – In Menlo Park, New Jersey, Thomas Edison performs the first test of his electric railway, october 6 – The University of Southern California opens its doors to 53 students and 10 faculty. October 15 – The first blizzard mentioned in Laura Ingalls Wilders The Long Winter sweeps over the prairie in Dakota Territory, november 2 – U. S. presidential election,1880, James Garfield defeats Winfield S. Hancock. November 4 – The first cash register is patented by James and John Ritty of Dayton, november 22 – Vaudeville actress Lillian Russell makes her debut at Tony Pastors Theatre in New York City. The Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction of the Womens Christian Temperance Union is established, more than 100,000 Chinese men and 3,000 Chinese women are living in the western United States. Gilded Age January 6 – Tom Mix, Western film actor January 14 – Joseph Warren Beach, poet, novelist, critic and literary scholar January 20 – Walter W. C. Senator from Florida from 1845 to 1849, died in Montréal, Québec, Canada February 14 – Samuel G. Arnold, U. S. Brown, Senator from Mississippi from 1854 to 1861 June 13 – James A. Bayard, Jr. U. S. Senator from Delaware from 1851 to 1864 June 17 – James B, Senator from Pennsylvania from 1856 to 1861 August 16 – Herschel Vespasian Johnson, United States Senator from Georgia from 1863 till 1865. August 19 – James Seddon, 4th Confederate States Secretary of War August 24 – Ouray, Ute leader September 19 – Lafayette S. Foster, U. S
7.
Flag of the United States
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The flag of the United States, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. S. Nicknames for the flag include The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, the current design of the U. S. flag is its 27th, the design of the flag has been modified officially 26 times since 1777. The 48-star flag was in effect for 47 years until the 49-star version became official on July 4,1959, the 50-star flag was ordered by the then president Eisenhower on August 21,1959, and was adopted in July 1960. It is the version of the U. S. flag and has been in use for over 56 years. At the time of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the flag contemporaneously known as the Continental Colors has historically been referred to as the first national flag. The name Grand Union was first applied to the Continental Colors by George Preble in his 1872 history of the American flag, the flag closely resembles the British East India Company flag of the era, and Sir Charles Fawcett argued in 1937 that the company flag inspired the design. Both flags could have been constructed by adding white stripes to a British Red Ensign. However, an East India Company flag could have nine to 13 stripes. In any case, both the stripes and the stars have precedents in classical heraldry, Flag Day is now observed on June 14 of each year. While scholars still argue about this, tradition holds that the new flag was first hoisted in June 1777 by the Continental Army at the Middlebrook encampment. The first official U. S. flag flown during battle was on August 3,1777, Massachusetts reinforcements brought news of the adoption by Congress of the official flag to Fort Schuyler. A voucher is extant that Capt. Swartwout of Dutchess County was paid by Congress for his coat for the flag, the 1777 resolution was most probably meant to define a naval ensign. In the late 18th century, the notion of a flag did not yet exist. The flag resolution appears between other resolutions from the Marine Committee, on May 10,1779, Secretary of the Board of War Richard Peters expressed concern it is not yet settled what is the Standard of the United States. However, the term, Standard, referred to a standard for the Army of the United States. Each regiment was to carry the standard in addition to its regimental standard. The national standard was not a reference to the national or naval flag, the appearance was up to the maker of the flag. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows, one arrangement features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle, the so-called Betsy Ross flag
8.
Timeline of United States history
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This is a timeline of United States history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political and economic events in the United States and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of the United States, some dates before September 14,1752, when the British government adopted the Gregorian calendar, may be given in the Old Style
9.
Federal government of the United States
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The Federal Government of the United States is the national government of the United States, a republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D. C. and several territories. The federal government is composed of three branches, legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U. S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the courts, including the Supreme Court. The powers and duties of these branches are defined by acts of Congress. The full name of the republic is United States of America, no other name appears in the Constitution, and this is the name that appears on money, in treaties, and in legal cases to which it is a party. The terms Government of the United States of America or United States Government are often used in documents to represent the federal government as distinct from the states collectively. In casual conversation or writing, the term Federal Government is often used, the terms Federal and National in government agency or program names generally indicate affiliation with the federal government. Because the seat of government is in Washington, D. C, Washington is commonly used as a metonym for the federal government. The outline of the government of the United States is laid out in the Constitution, the government was formed in 1789, making the United States one of the worlds first, if not the first, modern national constitutional republics. The United States government is based on the principles of federalism and republicanism, some make the case for expansive federal powers while others argue for a more limited role for the central government in relation to individuals, the states or other recognized entities. For example, while the legislative has the power to create law, the President nominates judges to the nations highest judiciary authority, but those nominees must be approved by Congress. The Supreme Court, in its turn, has the power to invalidate as unconstitutional any law passed by the Congress and these and other examples are examined in more detail in the text below. The United States Congress is the branch of the federal government. It is bicameral, comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate, the House currently consists of 435 voting members, each of whom represents a congressional district. The number of each state has in the House is based on each states population as determined in the most recent United States Census. All 435 representatives serve a two-year term, each state receives a minimum of one representative in the House. There is no limit on the number of terms a representative may serve, in addition to the 435 voting members, there are six non-voting members, consisting of five delegates and one resident commissioner. In contrast, the Senate is made up of two senators from each state, regardless of population, there are currently 100 senators, who each serve six-year terms
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Media related to 1878 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
