1.
Buffalo, New York
–
Buffalo is a city in western New York state and the county seat of Erie County, on the eastern shores of Lake Erie at the head of the Niagara River. As of 2014, Buffalo is New York states 2nd-most populous city after New York City, the metropolitan area has a population of 1.13 million. After an economic downturn in the half of the 20th century, Buffalos economy has transitioned to sectors that include financial services, technology, biomedical engineering. Residents of Buffalo are called Buffalonians, the citys nicknames include The Queen City, The Nickel City and The City of Good Neighbors. The city of Buffalo received its name from a creek called Buffalo Creek. British military engineer Captain John Montresor made reference to Buffalo Creek in his journal of 1764, there are several theories regarding how Buffalo Creek received its name. In 1804, as principal agent opening the area for the Holland Land Company, Joseph Ellicott, designed a radial street and grid system that branches out from downtown like bicycle spokes similar to the street system he used in the nations capital. Although Ellicott named the settlement New Amsterdam, the name did not catch on, during the War of 1812, on December 30,1813, Buffalo was burned by British forces. The George Coit House 1818 and Samuel Schenck House 1823 are currently the oldest houses within the limits of the City of Buffalo, on October 26,1825, the Erie Canal was completed with Buffalo a port-of-call for settlers heading westward. At the time, the population was about 2,400, the Erie Canal brought about a surge in population and commerce, which led Buffalo to incorporate as a city in 1832. In 1845, construction began on the Macedonia Baptist Church, an important meeting place for the abolitionist movement, Buffalo was a terminus point of the Underground Railroad with many fugitive slaves crossing the Niagara River to Fort Erie, Ontario in search of freedom. During the 1840s, Buffalos port continued to develop, both passenger and commercial traffic expanded with some 93,000 passengers heading west from the port of Buffalo. Grain and commercial goods shipments led to repeated expansion of the harbor, in 1843, the worlds first steam-powered grain elevator was constructed by local merchant Joseph Dart and engineer Robert Dunbar. Darts Elevator enabled faster unloading of lake freighters along with the transshipment of grain in bulk from barges, canal boats, by 1850, the citys population was 81,000. At the dawn of the 20th century, local mills were among the first to benefit from hydroelectric power generated by the Niagara River, the city got the nickname City of Light at this time due to the widespread electric lighting. It was also part of the revolution, hosting the brass era car builders Pierce Arrow. President William McKinley was shot and mortally wounded by an anarchist at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo on September 6,1901, McKinley died in the city eight days later and Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in at the Wilcox Mansion as the 26th President of the United States. The Great Depression of 1929–39 saw severe unemployment, especially working class men
2.
Charles Radbourn
–
Charles Gardner Radbourn, nicknamed Old Hoss, was an American professional baseball pitcher who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball. He played for the Buffalo Bisons, Providence Grays, Boston Beaneaters, Boston Reds, in 1884, Radbourn became only the second National League pitcher to win a Triple Crown, in the process, he broke the single-season wins record, which still stands today. Radbourn was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939, born in New York and raised in Illinois, Radbourn played semi-professional and minor league baseball before making his major league debut for the Buffalo Bisons in 1880. After a one-year stint with the club, Radbourn joined the Providence Grays, in 1885, when the team folded, the Grays roster was transferred to NL control, where he was claimed by the Boston Beaneaters. Radbourn spent the four seasons with the club, and finished his MLB career with the Cincinnati Reds after a one-year tenure with the Boston Reds. Radbourn was born on December 11,1854, in Rochester, New York, Charles Radbourn had immigrated to the United States from Bristol, England, to find work as a butcher, Caroline followed soon after. In 1855, the Radbourn family moved to Bloomington, Illinois, as a teenager, Radbourn worked as a butcher with his father, and as a brakeman for the Indiana, Bloomington and Western Railway company. In 1878 Radbourn joined the Peoria Reds, a team, as their right fielder. In 1879 he signed with Dubuque in the newly formed Northwest League and he finally made the major leagues in 1880 as second baseman, right fielder and change pitcher for the Buffalo Bisons of the National League. He played in six games, batted.143, never pitched an inning, when he recovered he pitched for a pick-up Bloomington team in an exhibition game against the Providence Grays. He impressed everyone so much that Providence signed him on the spot for a salary variously reported as $1,100 or $1,400, as a starting pitcher for the Providence Grays, Boston Beaneaters, Boston Reds, and Cincinnati Reds, Radbourn compiled a 309–194 career record. In 1884 he won the National Leagues pitching Triple Crown with a 1.38 earned run average,59 wins and 441 strikeouts. His 59 wins in a season is a record which is expected never to be broken because no starter has made even as many as 37 starts in a season since Greg Maddux in 1991. Also, his 678 2⁄3 innings pitched in 1884 stands at second all-time, behind only Will White and it, too, is a record that will most likely never be touched. It was made possible by the expulsion of the Grays other main pitcher. When Providence failed to win the pennant at the end of the 1883 season the franchise was on shaky financial ground, ownership brought in a new manager, Frank Bancroft, and made it plain, win the pennant or the team would be disbanded. But on July 22, Sweeney had been drinking before the start of the game, with only two men to cover the outfield, they lost the game. This left the team in a state of disarray with the view that the team should be disbanded
3.
Road (sports)
–
A road game or away game is a sports game where the specified team is not the host and must travel to another venue. Most professional teams represent cities or towns and amateur sports teams often represent academic institutions, each team has a location where it practices during the season and where it hosts games. When a team is not the host, it must travel to games. Thus, when a team is not hosting a game, the team is described as the team, the visiting team, or the away team. The venue in which the game is played is described as the stadium or the road. The host team is said to be the home team, major sporting events, if not held at a neutral venue, are often over several legs at each teams home ground, so that neither team has an advantage over the other. Occasionally, the team may not have to travel very far at all to a road game. These matches often become local derbies, a few times a year, a road team may even be lucky enough to have the road game played at their own home stadium or arena. This is prevalent in college athletics where many schools will play in regional leagues or groundshare. The related term true road game has seen increasing use in U. S. college sports in the 21st century, while regular-season tournaments and other special events have been part of college sports from their creation, the 21st century has seen a proliferation of such events. These are typically held at sites, with some of them taking place outside the contiguous U. S. or even outside the country entirely. In turn, this has led to the use of true road game to refer to contests played at one home venue. In some association football leagues, particularly in Europe, the teams fans sit in their own section. Depending on the stadium, they will either sit in a designated section or be separated from the home fans by a cordon of police officers. However, in the leagues in England, supporters may be free to mix. When games are played at a site, for instance the FA Cup final in England which is always played at Wembley Stadium. This results in each team occupying one half of the stadium and this is different from other sports, particularly in North America, where very few fans travel to games played away from their home stadium. Home and away fans are not separated at these games
4.
Pud Galvin
–
James Francis Pud Galvin was an American Major League Baseball pitcher in the 19th century. He was MLBs first 300-game winner and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1965, Galvin grew up in Kerry Patch, an Irish neighborhood in St. Louis. He debuted for St. Louis of the National Association in 1875, the inaugural season. He spent the next 6½ seasons with Buffalo in the International Association, in his first full MLB season in 1879, Galvin had a win–loss record of 37-27 and a 2.28 earned run average in 593 innings pitched. On August 20,1880, he became the first major league pitcher to throw a no-hitter on the road and he pitched over 400 innings in 1880,1881, and 1882. In 1883, Galvin went 46-29 with a 2.72 ERA, setting highs in wins, games started, complete games. The following season, in 1884, he went 46-22 with a 1.99 ERA in 72 games started,71 complete games, Galvin was traded to the Pittsburg Alleghenys midseason in 1885. He played for the Allegheny club from 1885 to 1889, pitching over 300 innings each year and he jumped to the Pittsburgh Burghers before the 1890 season and then returned to the Alleghenys after only one season. On June 14,1892 Galvin was traded to the St. Louis Browns and he retired after the 1892 season, though he made a brief return to Buffalo in 1894. Galvin played in an era where two-man pitching rotations were common – hence his 6,003 innings pitched and 646 complete games, upon his retirement, Galvin held all-time records in several pitching categories, including wins, innings pitched, games started, games completed and shutouts. He became MLBs first 300-game winner in 1888, Galvin holds the record for most games started in a single season by a pitcher before 1893,75. Galvin is the player in baseball history to win 20 or more games in 10 different years without winning a pennant. The nickname Pud originated because Galvin was said to make look like pudding. Galvin was also nicknamed The Little Steam Engine, a tribute to his power in spite of his small size and he was sometimes known as Gentle Jeems because of his kind disposition. Galvin died poor at age 45 on March 7,1902, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1965 by the Veterans Committee. In honor of his achievements in Buffalo, Galvin was posthumously inducted into the Buffalo Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985, a 2006 NPR article referred to Galvin as the first baseball player to be widely known for using a performance enhancer. The Washington Post reported that Galvin used the Brown-Séquard elixir, which contained monkey testosterone, before a single game in 1889
5.
Hardy Richardson
–
Abram Harding Hardy Richardson, also known as Hardie and Old True Blue, was an American professional baseball player whose career spanned from 1875 to 1892 with a brief minor league comeback in 1898. He played 14 seasons in Major League Baseball, playing at position, including 585 games at second base,544 games in the outfield. Richardson played for six major league teams, with his longest stretches having been for the Buffalo Bisons, Detroit Wolverines, Richardson was born in 1855 at Clarksboro, which is located in the existing municipality of East Greenwich Township, New Jersey. His father, Robert D. Richardson, was a New Jersey native who worked in 1870 as a house carpenter and his mother, Naomi Richardson, was a Pennsylvania native. Richardson grew up in Greenwich Township, Gloucester County, and Gloucester City, by 1870, Richardson, at age 15, was working on a farm. Richardson began playing organized baseball with semipro teams in South Jersey, in 1875, he played at third base and catcher for the Gloucester City, New Jersey club. For a portion of the 1876 season, he played with the Philadelphias, Richardson next played for the Crickets from Binghamton, New York, during the 1876 and 1877 seasons. In 1878, he played for the Utica, New York club in the International Association for Professional Base Ball Players, while playing for Utica, the New York Clipper called him the best fielding center fielder in baseball, he also won The Clipper medal for best fielding average. Richardson joined the Buffalo Bisons of the National League in 1879, as a rookie, Richardson made his major league debut on May 1,1879, and promptly became Buffalos starting third baseman. He compiled a.283 batting average, earned a 2.5 Wins Above Replacement rating and he also led the leagues third basemen in games played, double plays turned, and errors, and ranked second at the position in assists, putouts, and fielding percentage. In 1880, Richardson was again positioned at third base and he saw his batting average drop to.259 and his WAR rating drop to 1.1. He still hit for power and ranked among the leaders with eight triples and 26 extra base hits. Defensively, his performance suffered as he ranked second among the leagues third basemen with 47 errors, after a poor defensive performance in 1880, Richardson was moved to the outfield in 1881. With the move, his average jumped to.291. Showing good power, he ranked among the leaders with nine triples,53 RBIs,29 extra base hits,62 runs scored,100 hits. The move to the outfield also suited Richardson defensively and he led the leagues outfielders with 45 assists and a range factor of 2.84 and ranked third with 179 putouts. Richardsons total of 45 outfield assists was five short of Orator Shafers major league record, in 1882, and despite his solid defensive performance in the outfield, Richardson switched positions for the second time in as many years. This time, he was moved to base, where he played 83 games
6.
National League
–
Both leagues currently have 15 teams. The two league champions of 1903 arranged to compete against each other in the inaugural World Series, after the 1904 champions failed to reach a similar agreement, the two leagues formalized the World Series as an arrangement between the leagues. National League teams have won 48 of the 112 World Series contested from 1903 to 2016, the 2016 National League champions are the Chicago Cubs. By 1875, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players was dangerously weak, additionally, Hulbert had a problem—five of his star players were threatened with expulsion from the NAPBBP because Hulbert had signed them to his club using what were considered questionable means. Hulbert had a vested interest in creating his own league. After recruiting St. Louis privately, four western clubs met in Louisville, Kentucky, Boston Red Stockings, the dominant team in the N. A. Hartford Dark Blues from the N. A. Mutual of New York from the N. A. St. Louis Brown Stockings from the N. A, the only strong club from 1875 excluded in 1876 was a second one in Philadelphia, often called the White Stockings or Phillies. The first game in National League history was played on April 22,1876, at Philadelphias Jefferson Street Grounds, 25th & Jefferson, the new leagues authority was tested after the first season. The National League operated with six clubs during 1877 and 1878, over the next several years, various teams joined and left the struggling league. By 1880, six of the eight members had folded. The two remaining original NL franchises, Boston and Chicago, remain in operation today as the Atlanta Braves, in 1883 the New York Gothams and Philadelphia Phillies began National League play. Both teams remain in the NL today, the Phillies in their original city, the NL encountered its first strong rival organization when the American Association began play in 1882. The A. A. played in cities where the NL did not have teams, offered Sunday games and alcoholic beverages in locales where permitted, the National League and the American Association participated in a version of the World Series seven times during their ten-year coexistence. These contests were less organized than the modern Series, lasting as few as three games and as many as fifteen, with two Series ending in disputed ties, the NL won four times and the A. A. only once, in 1886. Starting with the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1887, the National League began to raid the American Association for franchises to replace NL teams that folded and this undercut the stability of the A. A. Other new leagues that rose to compete with the National League were the Union Association, the Union Association was established in 1884 and folded after playing only one season, its league champion St. Louis Maroons joining the NL. The NL suffered many defections of star players to the Players League, the Brooklyn, Chicago, Pittsburgh, and New York franchises of the NL absorbed their Players League counterparts. The labor strife of 1890 hastened the downfall of the American Association, after the 1891 season, the A. A. disbanded and merged with the NL, which became known legally for the next decade as the National League and American Association
7.
1880 in baseball
–
The following are the baseball events of the year 1880 throughout the world. National League, Chicago White Stockings National Association, Washington Nationals Inter-league playoff, Chicago,4 games to 3 February 5 – The Worcester Ruby Legs are admitted to the National League. March 31 – The Worcester Ruby Legs offer the Providence Grays $1,000 for negotiating rights with Providence player-manager George Wright, the Grays refuse the offer and Wright remains the reserved property of Providence. April 21 – George Wright turns down the Providence Grays final contract offer, as a reserved player obligated to Providence, Wright has no other option but to sit out the season. April 28 – Lew Brown, catcher for the Boston Red Caps, may 1 – Roger Connor and Mickey Welch make their debuts for the Troy Trojans. Troy loses 13–1 to the Worcester Ruby Legs, who win their first National League game, may 1 – Ned Hanlon makes his debut for the Cleveland Blues in a losing effort. Hanlon will be elected to the Hall-of-Fame in 1996, may 5 – Charley Old Hoss Radbourn debuts for the Providence Grays. May 20 – Chicago White Stockings manager Cap Anson begins alternating Larry Corcoran, may 29 – The Chicago White Stockings set a National League record by winning their 13th consecutive game, a record they will shatter in 4 weeks. June 10 –1879 home run champ Charley Jones of the Boston Red Caps becomes the first player to hit 2 homers in one inning in a Boston victory over the Buffalo Bisons. June 12 – Lee Richmond of the Worcester Ruby Legs pitches the first perfect game in history in a 1–0 victory over the Cleveland Blues. June 17 – John Montgomery Ward of the Providence Grays pitches the 2nd perfect game in 6 days as the Grays defeat Pud Galvin, the National League would not see another perfect game until 1964. July 8 – The Chicago White Stockings win their 21st consecutive game and this record will stand until 1916 when it is broken by the New York Giants. It still stands as the 2nd longest winning streak in league history. July 11 – The Chicago Tribune publishes runs batted in for the first time, july 17 – Harry Stovey of the Worcester Ruby Legs hits his first big league home run. Stovey will become the first player in history to reach 100 career home runs, august 6 – Tim Keefe makes his major league debut with the Troy Trojans, pitching a 4-hitter in defeating the Cincinnati Reds. Keefe will end up with 342 career wins and be elected to the Hall-of-Fame in 1964, august 19 – Larry Corcoran of the Chicago White Stockings pitches a no-hitter against the Boston Red Caps. August 20 – Pud Galvin pitches a no-hitter for the Buffalo Bisons against the Worcester Ruby Legs and it is the 2nd day in a row that the National League has seen a no-hitter. August 27 – Bill Crowley of the Buffalo Bisons records 4 assists from the outfield for the time this season
8.
Sam Crane (second baseman)
–
Samuel Newhall Crane was an American second baseman and manager in Major League Baseball born in Springfield, Massachusetts. Crane played for eight different major league teams during his career that spanned from 1880 to 1890. During two of those seasons, he acted as a player-manager, once for the 1880 Buffalo Bisons of the National League and his career ended when he was arrested after having an affair with the wife of a fruit dealer and stealing $1,500 from the husband. After his playing days, Sam had a long and distinguished career as a sportswriter. In 1895, when he was writing for the New York Advertiser, he had become the center of a controversy when he wrote an article that criticized the owner of the New York Giants. Freedman, upon learning of existence of the article, barred Sam from entering the Polo Grounds, when Crane showed up for the August 16 game, he learned that his season pass was taken and his efforts to purchase a ticket were foiled. Cooperstown was, at the time, the place that people believed where Abner Doubleday had invented the game of baseball. It was this idea of a memorial that eventually led to the creation of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, Crane died at the age of 71 of pneumonia in New York City, and is interred at the Lutheran All Faith Cemetery in Middle Village, New York. List of Major League Baseball player–managers Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Baseball-Reference
9.
Buffalo Bisons (NL)
–
The original Buffalo Bisons baseball club played in the National League between 1879 and 1885. The Bisons played their games at Riverside Park and Olympic Park in Buffalo,1877, A precursor to the Bisons played an independent schedule, finishing with a 79-28-3 record. The team subsequently joined the National League, galvin threw another no-hitter, on August 4. The Bisons 18-0 score remains the greatest margin of victory in a no-hitter in Major League history, two years after Foley, Jim ORourke became the fourth player in MLB history to hit for the cycle, on June 16
