1.
1885
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As of the start of 1885, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. January 3–4 – Sino-French War – Battle of Núi Bop, French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior Qing Chinese force in northern Vietnam, january 4 – The first successful appendectomy is performed by Dr. William W. Grant on Mary Gartside. January 17 – Mahdist War in Sudan, British victory at the Battle of Abu Klea, january 20 – LaMarcus Adna Thompson patents a roller coaster. January 24 – Irish terrorists damage Westminster Hall and the Tower of London with dynamite, january 26 – Mahdist War in Sudan, Troops loyal to the Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad conquer Khartoum. The British commander Charles George Gordon is killed, February 5 – King Léopold II of Belgium establishes the Congo Free State as a personal possession. February 7 – The play La vida alegre y muerte triste by dramatist José Echegaray opens, February 9 – The first Japanese arrive in Hawaii. February 16 – Charles Dow publishes the first edition of the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the index stood at a level of 62.76, and represented the dollar average of 14 stocks,12 railroads and two leading American industries. February 21 – United States President Chester A. Arthur dedicates the Washington Monument, February 23 Sino-French War, France gains an important victory over China in the Battle of Đồng Đăng in the Tonkin region of modern-day Vietnam. An English executioner fails after several attempts to hang John Babbacombe Lee, sentenced for the murder of his employer Emma Keyse, February 26 – The final act of the Berlin Conference regulates European colonization and trade in the scramble for Africa. February 28 – February concludes without having a full moon, march 3 – A subsidiary of the American Bell Telephone Company, American Telephone and Telegraph, is incorporated in New York. March 4 – Grover Cleveland is sworn in as President of the United States, march 7 – The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madrid is founded. March 14 – Gilbert and Sullivans comic opera The Mikado opens at the Savoy Theatre in London, march 26 The Prussian government, motivated by Otto von Bismarck, expels all ethnic Poles and Jews without German citizenship from Prussia in the Prussian deportations. North-West Rebellion in Canada by the Métis people, led by Louis Riel, first legal cremation in England, Mrs Jeannette C. Pickersgill of London, well known in literary and scientific circles, is cremated by the Cremation Society at Woking, march 30 – The Battle for Kushka triggers the Panjdeh Incident, which nearly gives rise to war between the British Empire and Russian Empire. March 31 – The United Kingdom establishes the Bechuanaland Protectorate, april 2 – Frog Lake Massacre, Cree warriors led by Wandering Spirit kill 9 settlers at Frog Lake in the Northwest Territories. April 3 – Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for his single-cylinder water-cooled engine design, april 11 – Luton Town Football Club are created by the merger of Wanderers F. C. and Luton Excelsior F. C. in England. April 14 – Final engagement of Sino-French War, with a French victory at Kép, China withdraws its forces from Tonkin. April 30 – A bill is signed in the New York State legislature forming the Niagara Falls State Park, may 2 Good Housekeeping magazine goes on sale for the first time in the United States
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
1883 in the United States
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Events from the year 1883 in the United States. January 16 – The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, reforming the United States civil service with the aim to end the spoils system, January 19 – The first electric lighting system employing overhead wires begins service in Roselle, New Jersey. February 23 – Alabama becomes the first U. S. state to enact an antitrust law, february 28 – The first vaudeville theater is opened, in Boston, Massachusetts. May 24 – Brooklyn Bridge is opened to traffic after 13 years of construction, may 30 – In New York City, a rumor that the Brooklyn Bridge is going to collapse causes a stampede which crushes 12 people. July 4 – The worlds first rodeo is held in Pecos, september 5 – Mary F. Hoyt becomes the first woman appointed to the U. S. federal civil service when she becomes a clerk in the Bank Redemption Agency of the Department of the Treasury. September 15 – The University of Texas at Austin opens to students, september 29 – A consortium of flour mill operators in Minneapolis, Minnesota, forms the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railroad as a means to get their product to the Great Lakes ports, November 3 – American Old West, Self-described Black Bart the Po-et gets away with his last stagecoach robbery, but leaves an incriminating clue that eventually leads to his capture. November 18 – U. S. and Canadian railroads institute 5 standard continental time zones, November 28 – Whitman College is chartered as a 4-year college in Walla Walla, Washington. The Wolfs Head Society is founded at Yale University, a depression starts in Seattle, United States. The Capital Area Humane Society of Ohio was founded, gilded Age Depression of 1882–85 January 25 – Homer Bone, U. S. S. Hempstead, 2nd Governor of Iowa from 1850 till 1854, march 4 – Alexander H. Stephens, the only Vice President of the Confederate States of America. April 28 – William M. July 22 – Edward Ord, engineer and United States Army officer who saw action in the Seminole War, the Indian Wars, dodge, United States Senator from Iowa from 1848 till 1855. November 26 – Sojourner Truth, abolitionist and womens rights activist Media related to 1883 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
4.
1884 in the United States
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Events from the year 1884 in the United States. President, Chester A. Arthur Vice President, vacant Chief Justice, Morrison Waite Speaker of the House of Representatives, John G. Carlisle Congress, may 1 – The eight-hour workday is first proclaimed by the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions in the United States. May 1, called May Day or Labour Day, is now a holiday recognized in almost every industrialized country, june 13 – LaMarcus Adna Thompson opens the Gravity Pleasure Switchback Railway at Coney Island, New York City. August 5 – The cornerstone for the Statue of Liberty is laid on Bedloes Island in New York Harbor, August 10 – An earthquake measuring 5.5 Mfa affected a very large portion of the eastern United States. The shock had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII, chimneys were toppled in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. Property damage was severe in Jamaica and Amityville in New York, September 5 – Staten Island Academy is founded. October – International Meridian Conference in Washington, D. C. fixes the Greenwich meridian as the prime meridian. October 6 – The United States Naval War College is established in Newport, december 1 – American Old West, Near Frisco, New Mexico, deputy sheriff Elfego Baca holds off a gang of 80 Texan cowboys who want to kill him for arresting cowboy Charles McCarthy. December 6 – The Washington Monument is completed, december 16 – The World Cotton Centennial Worlds Fair opens in New Orleans, Louisiana. Mark Twain writes The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, helen Hunt Jackson completes and publishes Ramona. The water hyacinth is introduced in the U. S. gilded Age Depression of 1882–85 January 1 – Edwin C. Johnson, United States Senator from Colorado from 1955 till 1957, March 11 – Sheridan Downey, United States Senator from California from 1939 till 1950. March 22 – Arthur H. Vandenberg, United States Senator from Michigan from 1928 till 1951, March 31 – James P. Pope, United States Senator from Idaho from 1933 till 1939. April 1 – George A. Wilson, United States Senator from Iowa from 1943 till 1949, may 8 – Harry S. Truman, 33rd President of the United States from 1945 till 1953, 34th Vice President of the United States from January till April 1945. June 21 – Garrett L. Withers, United States Senator from Kentucky from 1949 till 1950,6 May — Judah P.23 August — LeRoy Pope Walker, 1st Confederate States Secretary of War 2 September — Henry B. Anthony, United States Senator from Rhode Island from 1859 till 1884, media related to 1884 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
5.
1886 in the United States
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Events from the year 1886 in the United States. March – Anti-Chinese sentiments result in riots in Seattle, USA, March 17 – Carrollton Massacre,20 African Americans are killed in Mississippi. May 1 – A general strike begins in the United States, may 8 – Pharmacist Dr. John Stith Pemberton invents a carbonated beverage that would be named Coca-Cola. May 17 – Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad, may 29 – Pharmacist John Pemberton begins to advertise Coca-Cola. June 2 – U. S. President Grover Cleveland marries Frances Folsom in the White House and she is 27 years his junior. June 9 – The centennial of the Stoughton Musical Society is celebrated, july 23 – Steve Brodie fakes a jump from the Brooklyn Bridge. August 20 – A massive hurricane demolishes the town of Indianola, August 31 – The 7.0 Mw Charleston earthquake affects southeastern South Carolina with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X. Sixty people were killed and damage is estimated at $5–6 million, september 4 – Indian Wars, After almost 30 years of fighting, Apache leader Geronimo surrenders with his last band of warriors to General Nelson Miles at Skeleton Canyon in Arizona. October 28 – In New York Harbor, U. S. President Grover Cleveland dedicates the Statue of Liberty, undated – Father Augustine Tolton, the first Roman Catholic priest from the United States to proclaim himself African American, is ordained in Rome. Gilded Age January 11 – Chester Conklin, comic film actor February 27 – Hugo Black, U. S. Cooke, Jr. admiral December 25 – Kid Ory, jazz trombonist and bandleader January 13 – Thomas Wakeman, founded the first Sioux Indian YMCA January 22 – James T. Farley, senator from California from 1879 to 1885. January 26 – David Rice Atchison, U. S. S, senator from California from 1881 to 1886 March 9 – Jerome B. Senator from Illinois from 1877 to 1883 August 4 – Samuel J. Tilden, 25th Governor of New York from 1875 to 1876 and 1876 Democratic presidential candidate August 10 – John W. Stevenson, U. S. Senator from Kentucky from 1871 to 1877 October 10 – David Levy Yulee, senator from Illinois from 1871 to 1877 Media related to 1886 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
6.
1887 in the United States
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Events from the year 1887 in the United States. January 28 – In a snowstorm at Fort Keogh, Montana and they are 15 inches wide and 8 inches thick. February 2 – In Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, the first Groundhog Day is observed, February 4 – The Interstate Commerce Act, passed by Congress, is signed into law, with the intention of regulating the railroad industry. February – The Atlanta Cyclorama is first displayed in Detroit as Logans Great Battle, March 3 – Anne Sullivan begins teaching Helen Keller. March 7 – North Carolina State University is established as North Carolina College of Agriculture, March 19 – Cogswell College is established as a high school by Dr. Henry D. Cogswell in San Francisco, the first technical training institution in the West. April 4 – Argonia, Kansas elects Susanna M. Salter as the first female mayor in the U. S, may 14 – The cornerstone of the new Stanford University, in northern California, is laid. June 28 – Minot, North Dakota is incorporated as a city, august – The U. S. National Institutes of Health is founded at the Marine Hospital, Staten Island, New York, as the Laboratory of Hygiene. Teachers College, later part of Columbia University, is founded by Grace Hoadley Dodge as the New York School for the Training of Teachers, gilded Age January 22 – David W. Stewart, U. S. Senator from Iowa from 1926 to 1927 February 6 – Ernest Gruening, senator from Alabama in 1946 March 8 – Henry Ward Beecher, clergyman and reformer March 26 – Walt Whitman, poet, essayist and journalist May 19 – Charles E. Stuart, U. S. Senator from California from 1873 to 1879 November 8 – Doc Holliday, gunfighter and gambler Media related to 1887 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
7.
Flag of the United States
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The flag of the United States, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. S. Nicknames for the flag include The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, the current design of the U. S. flag is its 27th, the design of the flag has been modified officially 26 times since 1777. The 48-star flag was in effect for 47 years until the 49-star version became official on July 4,1959, the 50-star flag was ordered by the then president Eisenhower on August 21,1959, and was adopted in July 1960. It is the version of the U. S. flag and has been in use for over 56 years. At the time of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the flag contemporaneously known as the Continental Colors has historically been referred to as the first national flag. The name Grand Union was first applied to the Continental Colors by George Preble in his 1872 history of the American flag, the flag closely resembles the British East India Company flag of the era, and Sir Charles Fawcett argued in 1937 that the company flag inspired the design. Both flags could have been constructed by adding white stripes to a British Red Ensign. However, an East India Company flag could have nine to 13 stripes. In any case, both the stripes and the stars have precedents in classical heraldry, Flag Day is now observed on June 14 of each year. While scholars still argue about this, tradition holds that the new flag was first hoisted in June 1777 by the Continental Army at the Middlebrook encampment. The first official U. S. flag flown during battle was on August 3,1777, Massachusetts reinforcements brought news of the adoption by Congress of the official flag to Fort Schuyler. A voucher is extant that Capt. Swartwout of Dutchess County was paid by Congress for his coat for the flag, the 1777 resolution was most probably meant to define a naval ensign. In the late 18th century, the notion of a flag did not yet exist. The flag resolution appears between other resolutions from the Marine Committee, on May 10,1779, Secretary of the Board of War Richard Peters expressed concern it is not yet settled what is the Standard of the United States. However, the term, Standard, referred to a standard for the Army of the United States. Each regiment was to carry the standard in addition to its regimental standard. The national standard was not a reference to the national or naval flag, the appearance was up to the maker of the flag. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows, one arrangement features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle, the so-called Betsy Ross flag
8.
Timeline of United States history
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This is a timeline of United States history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political and economic events in the United States and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of the United States, some dates before September 14,1752, when the British government adopted the Gregorian calendar, may be given in the Old Style
9.
First inauguration of Grover Cleveland
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The first inauguration of Grover Cleveland as the 22nd President of the United States was held on March 4,1885, at the eastern portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D. C. The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Grover Cleveland as President, hendricks died 266 days into this term, and the office remained vacant for the balance of it. Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite administered the oath of office. Clevelands second inauguration took place eight years after the first, as his two terms in office were not consecutive and he is the only U. S. president to serve non-consecutive terms
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