1.
Norway
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The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a population of 5,258,317. The country shares a long border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway, erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution, the kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years, Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have an amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States, the country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the countrys gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the worlds largest producer of oil, the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIAs GDP per capita list which includes territories and some regions, from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2017, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking, Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report, the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index. Norway has two names, Noreg in Nynorsk and Norge in Bokmål. The name Norway comes from the Old English word Norðrveg mentioned in 880, meaning way or way leading to the north. In contrasting with suðrvegar southern way for Germany, and austrvegr eastern way for the Baltic, the Anglo-Saxon of Britain also referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. This was the area of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway, and because of him
2.
1892 in Norway
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Events in the year 1892 in Norway. 31 January - The Holmenkollen ski jump opens, mysteries by Knut Hamsun is published. Peace by Arne Garborg is published,5 January – John Johnsen, swimmer 1 February – Eugen Johansen, horse rider and Olympic silver medallist 5 February – Finn Bjørnseth, geodesist
3.
1889 in Sweden
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- The Selander Company is founded. - Foundation of the Baptist Union of Sweden - First issue of the Stockholms-Tidningen - Foundation of the Royal Society of the Humanities, - The Swedish Social Democratic Party is founded. - Women eligible to boards of authority such as public school boards, public hospital boards, inspectors, poor care boards. - Foundation of the Sophiahemmet hospital in Stockholm,23 May – Boo Kullberg, gymnast. 18 October – Carl Bertilsson, gymnast,18 December - Alice Habsburg - Sophia Wilkens, pioneer in the education of students with Intellectual disability - Amalia Assur, first female dentist
4.
Monarchy of Norway
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The Norwegian monarch is the monarchical head of state of Norway, which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system. The present monarch is King Harald V, who has reigned since 17 January 1991, succeeding his father, the heir apparent is his only son, Crown Prince Haakon. The crown prince undertakes various public functions, as does the kings wife. The crown prince also acts as regent in the kings absence, there are several other members of the Royal Family, including the kings daughter, grandchildren and siblings. Whilst the Constitution of Norway grants important executive powers to the King, formally the King appoints the government according to his own judgement, but parliamentary practice has been in place since 1884. Constitutional practice has replaced the meaning of the word King in most articles of the constitution from the king personally to the elected government. The powers vested in the monarch are significant, but are treated only as reserve powers, the King does not, by convention, have direct participation in government. He ratifies laws and royal resolutions, receives and sends envoys from and to foreign countries and he has a more tangible influence as the symbol of national unity. The annual New Years Eve speech is one occasion when the King traditionally raises negative issues, the King is also Supreme Commander of the Norwegian Armed Forces and Grand Master of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav and of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit. The King has no role in the Church of Norway. The position of King of Norway has been in existence since the unification of Norway in 872. In recent years members of the Socialist Left party have proposed the abolition of the monarchy during each new session of parliament and this gives the Norwegian monarchy the unique status of being a popularly elected royal family and receiving regular formal confirmations of support from the Storting. Prior to and in the phase of the Viking Age Norway was divided into several smaller kingdoms. Harald Fairhair was the first king of Norway, the boundaries of Fairhairs kingdom were not identical to those of present-day Norway, and upon his death the kingship was shared among his sons. Some historians emphasise the actual control over the country and assert that Olaf II, alias Saint Olaf. Olaf is generally held to have been the force behind Norways final conversion to Christianity. In the 12th and 13th centuries the Norwegian kingdom was at its geographical and cultural peak, the kingdom included Norway, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Shetland, Orkney and other smaller areas in the British Isles. The king had diplomatic relations with most of the European kingdoms and formed alliances with Scotland and Castile, large castles such as Haakons Hall and cathedrals, the foremost being Nidaros Cathedral, were built
5.
Oscar II of Sweden
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Oscar II was King of Sweden from 1872 until his death and King of Norway from 1872 until his dethronement in 1905. He was the third of four sons of King Oscar I, as his eldest brother Charles XV was without heirs and his brother Prince Gustaf died in 1852, it was he who succeeded his brother as king. Oscar II was king during a period when Sweden was undergoing a period of industrialization, the declining Union of Sweden and Norway was finally dissolved in 1905 and Oscar became the last Bernadotte king of Norway. He died in 1907 and was succeed as King of Sweden by his son, at his birth in Stockholm, Oscar Fredrik was created Duke of Östergötland. He entered the navy at the age of eleven, and was appointed lieutenant in July 1845. Later he studied at Uppsala University, where he distinguished himself in mathematics, on 13 December 1848, he was made an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. On 6 June 1857 he married in Wiesbaden-Biebrich, Germany, Princess Sophia Wilhelmina, from 1859, when his father died, he was first in line to the Swedish throne after his oldest brother King Charles, who then had no male heirs. His middle brother Gustaf had died in 1852 and he succeeded his brother Charles XV / IV on 18 September 1872. At the accession he adopted as his motto Brödrafolkens väl / Broderfolkenes Vel, the political events which led up to the peaceful dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905 could hardly have been attained but for the tact and patience of the king himself. He was dethroned on 7 June 1905 by the Norwegian Parliament and he declined, indeed, to permit any prince of his house to become king of Norway, but better relations between the two countries were restored before his death. He died in Stockholm on 8 December 1907 at 9,10 AM and his acute intelligence and his aloofness from the dynastic considerations affecting most European sovereigns gave the king considerable weight as an arbitrator in international questions. At the request of Great Britain, Germany and the United States in 1889 he appointed the justice of Samoa. He was the 1, 027th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Spain, the office of prime minister was instituted in 1876. Louis De Geer became the first head of government in Sweden to use this title, the most known and powerful first minister of the Crown during the reign of Oscar was the conservative estate owner Erik Gustaf Boström. Boström served as Prime Minister in 1891-1900 and 1902-1905 and he was trusted and respected by the king, who had much difficulty approving someone else as prime minister. Over a period of time, the king gave Boström a free hand to select his own ministers without much royal involvement and it was an arrangement that furthered the road to parliamentarism. Himself a distinguished writer and musical amateur, King Oscar proved a friend of learning. In 1858 a collection of his lyrical and narrative poems, Memorials of the Swedish Fleet, published anonymously, obtained the second prize of the Swedish Academy
6.
Prime Minister of Norway
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For a list, see List of heads of government of Norway. The Prime Minister of Norway is the leader of Norway. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Monarch, to the Storting, to their political party, and ultimately the electorate. In practice, since it is impossible for a government to stay in office against the will of the Storting. Norway has a Constitution, which was adopted on 17 May 1814, the position of Prime Minister is the result of legislation. As of 2017, the Prime Minister of Norway is Erna Solberg, unlike their counterparts in the rest of Europe, Norwegian Prime Ministers do not have the option of advising the King to dissolve the Storting and call a snap election. The Constitution requires that the Storting serve out its full four-year term, if the Prime Minister loses the confidence of the Storting, he or she must resign. As of 2015 six former Prime Ministers are alive, Odvar Nordli born 3 November 1927, kåre Willoch born 3 October 1928, served 1981–1986. Gro Harlem Brundtland born 20 April 1939, served 1981, 1986–1989, kjell Magne Bondevik born 3 September 1947, served 1997–2000 and 2001–2005. Thorbjørn Jagland born 5 November 1950, served 1996–1997, jens Stoltenberg born 16 March 1959, served 2000–2001 and 2005–2013. List of Prime Ministers of Norway Regjeringskvartalet Government Official Homepage
7.
Johan Sverdrup
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Johan Sverdrup was a Norwegian politician from the Liberal Party. He was the first Prime Minister of Norway after the introduction of parliamentarism, Sverdrup was Prime Minister from 1884 to 1889. He was born in Sem, close to Norways oldest city and his father was a pioneer in scientific agriculture in Norway. He finished his law studies in 1841 and his remarkable feat was his sole first climb. He worked as a lawyer in Larvik, a town on the west coast of the Oslofjord. In 1851 he was for the first time elected to the Storting, in Norway, political parties were considered inappropriate and unwanted. Sverdrup tried from his earliest days in the Storting to form a party consisting of the large group of peasants. His first attempt was named the party after the profession of the leaders of the group. It soon became evident that the times were not ripe for such a radical novelty and it is ironic that if it hadnt been for Sverdrups fervent opposition, the reform that would transform Norwegian political life from 1884 on, would have been introduced two decades earlier. The Government wanted the Ministers to meet in parliamentary sessions to further the communications between the Kings Council and those elected by the people, Sverdrup managed to prevent this reform with the support of a great number of the peasants. Such a negative policy-making will never produce great results, which Sverdrup clearly foresaw, but in parliament Jaabæk would often bow to Sverdrups more advanced political strategies, when they were not too expensive. In 1869 a political reform of the greatest importance was introduced and this definitely tipped the scale of political influence in favor of the Storting, and it is not easy to see the reasons for the Kings acceptance of this reform. The major reason was probably the growing necessity to get updated budgets, during the 60s, the views towards the ministers participation in the parliamentary sessions had changed totally. The peasants and the radicals on the hand, had drawn the obviously correct conclusion that this reform would further the influence of the elected towards the appointed ministers. The changed constitution was not sanctioned this time either, the same happened in 1876 and 1879, and now a major problem had occurred, which made Norwegian politics extremely difficult for several years. The Constitution explicitly stated that the king had a three times in law and budget matters, but there was no mention of any kind of veto concerning constitutional matters. This had definitely become Sverdrups goal, all power must be gathered in the halls of the Storting became his political program. In 1879 his party in the made a coup by promulgating the new change in the constitution
8.
Emil Stang
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Emil Stang was a Norwegian jurist and politician. He became Prime Minister of Norway and was the first chairman of the Conservative Party, Emil Stang was born and died in Christiania. He was the son of former Prime Minister Frederik Stang, Stang became cand. jur. in 1858 and established his own legal practice in 1861. Starting that year he took part in the editing of Ugeblad for Lovkyndighed. From 1871 to 1907 he was the editor of Norsk Retstidende and he was the first chairman of the Conservative Party from 1884–1889, and lead the party again 1891-1893, and again 1896-1899. He was Prime Minister from 1889 to 1891 and from 1893 to 1895, from 1889 to 1891 he was President of the Storting. In 1891 he was appointed judge at Kristiania Stiftsoverrett, however and he became presiding judge for Borgarting and Agder regional courts in 1895 and Supreme Court Justice in 1901. In 1890, Stang was appointed as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav and he was the father of Emil Stang and Fredrik Stang
9.
Tryggve Gran
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Jens Tryggve Herman Gran DSC, MC was a Norwegian aviator, explorer and author. He was the expert on the 1910–13 Scott Antarctic Expedition and was the first person to fly across the North Sea in a heavier than air aircraft. The first to cross the North Sea by air were two German balloonists, Distler and Joerdens, who took off from Munich and they were blown across the North Sea by strong winds, landing in Kirkwall, Orkney on 4th December 1910. Tryggve Gran was born in Bergen, Norway, growing up in an affluent family dominant in the shipbuilding industry and his great-grandfather Jens Gran Berle, had founded a shipyard in the Laksevåg borough of the city of Bergen. His father, the owner, died when Tryggve was only five years old. In 1900, after school in Bergen and Lillehammer, Gran was sent to a school in Lausanne, Switzerland for a year, three years later, he met the German emperor, Wilhelm II, a common guest with the families of Tryggves friends. Meeting the emperor made an impact on the then 14-year-old boy, at this time, he had several years behind him as a member of the Nygaards Battalion, one of Bergens buekorps. He entered naval college in 1907 and graduated in the spring of 1910, Scott was impressed with Gran, who was an expert skier, and Nansen convinced Scott to take Gran as ski instructor to Scott’s men for the Terra Nova Expedition. Arriving in Antarctica in early January 1911, Gran was one of the 13 expedition members involved in the laying of the supply depots needed for the attempt to reach the South Pole later that year. In November 1912, Gran was part of the 11-man search party found the tent containing the dead bodies of the past South Pole party. After collecting the personal belongings the tent was lowered over the bodies of Scott. A pair of skis were used to form a cross over their grave, Gran travelled back to the base at Cape Evans wearing Scotts skis, reasoning that at least Scotts skis would complete the journey. On 24 July 1913 Gran was awarded the Polar Medal by King George V, on his return voyage, Gran met the Irish aviator Robert Loraine, and immediately took an interest in aviation. Gran became a pilot at Louis Blériots aviation school in Paris. Taking off in his Blériot XI-2 monoplane, Ca Flotte, from Cruden Bay, Scotland, Gran landed 4 hours 10 minutes later at Jæren, near Stavanger, Norway, only five days later, the United Kingdom entered the First World War. Gran, now a first lieutenant in the Norwegian Army Air Service and he was rejected because of Norways neutrality. However, the rejection did not stop Gran, under the identity of Captain Teddy Grant of Canada, he was admitted to the RFC, serving in 1916 with No.39 Squadron on Home Defence. 70 Squadron, flying the Sopwith Camel on the Western Front and he was appointed a flight commander on 1 January 1918 with the rank of acting-captain, and in March his seniority as second lieutenant was backdated to 1 January 1917
10.
1974 in Norway
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Events in the year 1974 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Trygve Bratteli 2 January - drilling rig Transocean 3 sinks in the North Sea,1 February – Lillehammer affair, Five Israeli Mossad agents are sentenced to prison terms for the assassination of Ahmed Bouchiki. The prison terms ranged from two and a half to five years, although all the agents were released within 22 months. 15 September - The wreck of the Danish slave ship Fredensborg,31 October - Parliament rejects a bill on abortion. Inger Lise Rypdal and Benny Borg win the 1973 Spellemannprisen in the female and male vocalist categories respectively, christiania Jazzband, Saft, Torkil Bye/Brynjar Hoff, Lillebjørn Nilsen, Bjørn Sand/Totto Osvold and Oddvar Nygaards Kvartett also receive the award. Dizzie Tunes win in the category Music for children and Sigbjørn Bernhoft Osa win the Special Award
11.
1958 in Norway
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Events in the year 1958 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Einar Gerhardsen 8 January - Fire breaks out in the coastal steamer MS Erling Jarl while it is docked in Bodø,22 June - Olav V is crowned as ruler of Norway in the Nidaros Cathedral. Harald Sverdrup, poet and childrens writer, is awarded the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature for his poetry, astrid Tollefsen, poet, is awarded the Gyldendals Endowment literature prize. 4 February - Kjell Ola Dahl, writer 25 February - Eugene Ejike Obiora, died during police arrest 19 June - Siri Bjerke, politician 28 July - Peter M
12.
1963 in Norway
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Events in the year 1963 in Norway. 1 July - Work begins to build Tromsø Airport 28 August – Lyngs Cabinet was appointed,25 September – Gerhardsens Fourth Cabinet was appointed. Norsk Hydro in cooperation with Harvey Aluminum starts Alnor, a plant at Karmøy to produce aluminium Municipal, the Munch Museum was opened,100 years after Edvard Munchs birth. Stein Mehren, poet, novelist, essayist and playwright, is awarded the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature and the Mads Wiel Nygaards Endowment for Mot en verden av lys
13.
1961 in Norway
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Events in the year 1961 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Einar Gerhardsen 12 January - Princess Astrid marries Johan Martin Ferner, march - Ingrid Bjerkås, ordained as first female minister in the Church of Norway 15 April - The Socialist Peoples Party was founded. 9 August - Holtaheia Accident, A British passenger plane crashes in Strand, all 39 passengers aboard, including 34 children, are killed. 11 September - The 1961 Parliamentary election takes place
14.
1968 in Norway
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Events in the year 1968 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Per Borten 19 February - Avalanches occur in Bondalen which kill four people,19 March - The Palace announces that Crown Prince Harald has engaged to Sonja Haraldsen. 29 August – Crown Prince Harald married Sonja Haraldsen in the Oslo Cathedral,13 September - Norwegian whaling in the Southern Hemisphere ceases after the last whaling company officially announces it would not send any more whaling expeditions. 9 October – the first commercial discovery of petroleum deposit on the Norwegian continental shelf was confirmed, the Norwegian Sami Association was founded The Norwegian Writers Center is established. Finn Alnæs, novelist, is awarded the Norwegian Booksellers Prize, ebba Haslund, novelist, is awarded the Riksmål Society Literature Prize for Syndebukkens krets
15.
1975 in Norway
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Events in the year 1975 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Trygve Bratteli 1 January - Advertising of alcohol, NRK started television broadcasts in color. Municipal and county elections are held throughout the country, July 29 to August 7 - 14th World Scout Jamboree, Lillehammer Stein Mehren, poet, novelist, essayist and playwright, is awarded the Riksmål Society Literature Prize. 9 January – Rolf Bae, mountaineer 12 March – Cecilie Leganger,27 July - Kristian Welhaven, chief of the Oslo police force 1927-195410 August – Andreas Backer, journalist and organizational leader
16.
1950 in Norway
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Events in the year 1950 in Norway. Monarch - Haakon VII Prime Minister - Einar Gerhardsen 2 January - Postbanken starts its operations,15 November -14 people killed in the Hjuksebø train disaster. 1 December - Population Census,3,278,546 inhabitants in Norway, the official inauguration of the Oslo City Hall. 5 January – Halvdan Sivertsen, singer 9 January – Maryon Eilertsen, actress,8 August – Synne Skouen, composer 19 August – Kari Bøge, Swedish-born Norwegian poet, novelist, short story writer, childrens writer and illustrator. 5 September – Bjørn Skagestad, actor 7 September – Anne Grosvold,10 September – Tom Lund, football player 1 October – Sigbjørn Johnsen, politician 12 October – Knut Knudsen, racing cyclist 28 October – Beate Ellingsen, designer. 6 April - Signe Lund, composer,14 September - Marius Eriksen, Olympic gymnast. 3 October - Betzy Kjelsberg, politician and feminist 22 December - Bernhoff Hansen, wrestler and Olympic gold medallist
17.
Per Krohg
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Per Lasson Krohg was a Norwegian artist. He is most frequently associated with the mural he created for the United Nations Security Council Chamber, per Krohg was born in Åsgårdstrand, Norway, the son of painters Christian Krohg and Oda Krohg. The family lived in Paris, where Per Krohg grew up and he showed artistic talent early, and studied first with his father, then with Henri Matisse. In the early years he worked as an illustrator and taught tango in Paris. Krohgs work as an artist covered a wide field, from drawings, illustrations, and posters to set design, sculpture. After returning to Norway in 1930 he taught at the National College of Art, during the Second World War, he was a forced laborer at the Veidal Prison Camp. In 1946 he was appointed professor at the National Art Academy, among others, his students included artists Frithjof Tidemand-Johannessen and Tulla Blomberg Ranslet. Krohg created the murals for the United Nations Security Council Chamber and he adorned many other public buildings with large frescoes, including the Physics and Chemistry Buildings at the University of Oslo and the Oslo City Hall. He is represented at the National Museum for Art and Skagens Museum, in 1950 he received the Kings Medal of Merit in gold, and 1955 he was appointed Commander of the Order of St. Olav. From 1936 he was a member of the Swedish Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Stockholm, in 1915 he married textile artist Cécile Marie Vidil. Their marriage was dissolved in 1934 and he was married in 1934 to Ragnhild Helene Andersen. He was the father of Norwegian artist Guy Krohg, nergaard, Trygve Bilder av Per Krohg ISBN 82-03-22447-4 Hölaas, O. A retrospective loan exhibition of oil paintings Langaard, Johan Per Krohg Security Council Chamber painting 360 degree view of the Security Council Chamber Prins Eugen-medaljen Family genealogy
18.
1965 in Norway
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Events in the year 1965 in Norway. The case remained unsolved despite the media coverage and public interest in the matter. 13 September – The 1965 Parliamentary election takes place,12 October - Per Borten becomes Prime Minister of Norway 12 October – Bortens Cabinet was appointed. Norsk Hydro joins Elf Aquitaine and six other French companies to form Petronord to perform search for oil, kirsti Sparboe wins the Melodi Grand Prix, singing Karusell by Jolly Kramer-Johansen
19.
1979 in Norway
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Events in the year 1979 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Odvar Nordli Municipal and county elections are held throughout the country, bryggen and the Urnes stave church are designated by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. March - the planet Hoth scenes from the Hollywood film The Empire Strikes Back were filmed in the Hardangerjøkulen glacier, december 1 - During an episode of Jul i Skomakergata on NRK, Sandmännchen premieres on Norwegian television for the first time. Åge Rønning, writer and journalist, is awarded the Riksmål Society Literature Prize, nils Johan Rud, novelist, short story writer and magazine editor, is awarded the Dobloug Prize for Swedish and Norwegian fiction. Bjørg Vik, writer, playwright and journalist, is awarded the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature for the short stories En håndfull lengsel. 24 April – Tor Henning Hamre, footballer 25 April – Nils-Torolv Simonsen, rower 25 April – Martin Sjølie, pianist, songwriter and record producer 1 May – Lars Berger,13 June – Nila Håkedal, beach volleyball player. 31 August – Camilla Huse, footballer 3 September – Stian Eckhoff, biathlete
20.
Aslaug Vaa
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Aslaug Vaa was a Norwegian poet and playwright. Aslaug Vaa was born on Nystog in Rauland, in Telemark county and her lyrical debut was Nord i leite. She was married to Norwegian psychologist and writer Ola Raknes and her poem So rodde dei fjordan was frequently recited on radio, has been selected for several anthologies, and is made a song with melody by Geirr Tveitt. Vaas poetry and writing contains elements from local tradition, landscape and language, but also international influence
21.
1972 in Norway
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Events in the year 1972 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Trygve Bratteli until 17 October,16 July - Divers discover the wreck of the Dutch merchant ship Akerendam which sank near the island Runde in 1725 during its maiden voyage killing the entire ships crew of 200 people. A large gold and silver treasure was discovered aboard the ship. 25 September - Norwegian European Communities membership referendum where a 53,23 December – Braathens SAFE Flight 239 crashes in Asker upon landing at Fornebu airport, Oslo, Norway, killing 40 of 45 people on board. 25 January – Anita Østby, politician 13 April – Hugo Rocha, Norway-born Portuguese competitive sailor and Olympic medalist
22.
1939 in Norway
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Events in the year 1939 in Norway. Monarch - Haakon VII Prime Minister - Johan Nygaardsvold 17 May - Sweden, Norway,1 June - Oslo Airport, Fornebu is opened. 1 June - Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik is officially opened,1 September - Norway, Finland, Sweden and Switzerland declare their neutrality. Liltved, politician 17 May - Ola B
23.
Kornelius Bergsvik
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Kornelius Olai Person Bergsvik was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party, born in Austrheim, Hordaland. Bergsvik represented Hordaland in the Norwegian Parliament from 1928 to 1945, in 1936 he was appointed to the Nygaardsvold Cabinet. Bergsvik served as Minister of Social Affairs 1935–1936, and Minister of Finance 1936–1939, after resigning from the government in 1939, he was County Governor of Telemark from 1939 to 1940, and again from 1945 to 1959
24.
Cheese knife
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A cheese knife is a type of kitchen knife specialized for the cutting of cheese. Different cheeses require different knives, according primarily to hardness, most often cheese knife refers to a designed for soft cheese. Soft cheeses require a sharp knife, as these cheeses are often sticky, a cheese knife will be serrated and often have holes to prevent sticking. Soft cheese knives are designed to deal with the stickiness of soft cheese, when the cheese does not stick to the blade, it allows for pieces of cheese to be presented more attractively, with crisper shapes compared to cheese cut with standard knives. The blades of cheese knives are made of a material such as stainless steel. Another design feature often found is the presence of holes in the blade to help to prevent the cheese from sticking to it, some soft cheese knives also include a ridge, which runs vertically near the top of the blade. This helps separate the cheese as it is being sliced, some cheese knives have a forked end and is used for serving slices of cheese. Most knives have a blade that is wide at the base, a cheese knife, on the other hand, is similar to a cleaver in that it starts out thinner at the handle and then gets wider away from the base. Some cheese knives have angled handles to make an easier cut, the non-sticky characteristics of a cheese knife also makes them useful for cutting other sticky foods, such as cakes, eggs, and pies, compare also egg slicer. Hard cheeses instead require a blade, which will not be damaged by the hard cheese. Exemplary is the distinctive Parmesan cheese knife, which is short, thick, a cheese slicer is used usually to cut semi-hard and hard cheeses. There are different styles of cheese slicers, designed for cheeses of varying hardness, a cheese slicer can be also used for slicing cold butter, zucchini, cucumber or cabbage. Ostehøvel, a modern cheese slicer or cheese plane, was invented by Thor Bjørklund in 1925 in Norway. Mass production of the Ostehøvel cheese slicer started during 1927 in Lillehammer, the design was based on the carpenters plane. This style of slicer is very common in the Nordic countries, Cheese cutters are designed to cut soft, sticky cheeses, and accordingly does not have a large sharp-edged blade, compare to a cheese knife with holes in the blade. The cutting edge of cheese cutters are typically a fine gauge stainless steel or aluminium wire stretched across a supporting frame, the thin wire cuts through a cheese block with hand pressure. The original Prodyne Gourmet Cheese Slicer had a board with a slot cut into it. In the patented design, a steel wire extends between the two ends of the cutting arm fit into the slot, and cuts the cheese. The wire has loops at each end, one loop is around the cutting arm in the slot
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