1.
1880 in architecture
–
The year 1880 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. Casa Vicens in Barcelona, designed by Antoni Gaudí is completed, the Natural History Museum in London, designed by Alfred Waterhouse and Francis Fowke is completed. Cologne Cathedral in Cologne, Germany, is completed after 632 years, rajabai Clock Tower in South Mumbai, India is opened. Berlin Anhalter Bahnhof in Berlin, Germany, rebuilt by Franz Heinrich Schwechten, is opened, Manchester Central railway station in Manchester, England is completed. Royal Exhibition Building, Melbourne is completed, royal Gold Medal - John Loughborough Pearson. Grand Prix de Rome, architecture, Louis Girault, january 27 - Edward Middleton Barry, English architect May 25 - Richard Lane, English architect August 22 - Benjamin Ferrey, English architect
2.
1882 in architecture
–
The year 1882 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. June 29 - Russian Monument, Sofia, unveiled, september 8 - St. Marys Basilica, Bangalore, India, designed by Rev. L. E. Kleiner, consecrated. October 10 - Selwyn College, Cambridge, England, designed by Arthur Blomfield, december 25 - Hotel Roanoke, a luxury hotel in Roanoke, Virginia, United States, built by the Norfolk and Western Railway. Hotel Gaillard, Paris, designed by Jules Février, pro-Cathedral of St. Vincent de Paul in Tunis. Thomas Crane Public Library in Quincy, Massachusetts, designed by Henry Hobson Richardson, a six-story architectural folly, Elephant Bazaar, later renamed as Lucy the Elephant, constructed by James V. Lafferty in Margate City, New Jersey, United States. Royal Gold Medal - Baron von Ferstel
3.
1883 in architecture
–
The year 1883 in architecture involved some significant events. May 1 - The Examination Schools of the University of Oxford, may 24 - Brooklyn Bridge, designed by John A. Roebling, is completed. May 26 - Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, designed by Konstantin Thon, is dedicated, Albany City Hall in Albany, New York, designed by Henry Hobson Richardson in Richardsonian Romanesque style, is completed. The Home Insurance Building in Chicago designed by William LeBaron Jenney, the Kuhns Building in Dayton, Ohio, is constructed. Hotel Windsor, Australia, designed by Charles Webb, is completed, cane Hill Hospital in Coulsdon, London, is completed. Waddesdon Manor in Buckinghamshire, England, designed by Gabriel-Hippolyte Destailleur, is opened for guests, billings Memorial Library at the University of Vermont in Burlington, designed by Henry Hobson Richardson, is built. Royal Gold Medal - Francis Cranmer Penrose, grand Prix de Rome, architecture, Gaston Redon
4.
1884 in architecture
–
The year 1884 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. Antoni Gaudí begins work on the Sagrada Família church in Barcelona, Washington Monument in Washington, D. C. designed by Robert Mills, is completed. Hungarian Royal Opera House in Budapest, designed by Miklós Ybl, is opened, garabit viaduct in France, engineered by Gustave Eiffel and Maurice Koechlin, is completed. The Dakota apartment building on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City, cornerstone of Statue of Liberty laid in New York Harbor. Royal Gold Medal - William Butterfield, grand Prix de Rome, architecture, Hector dEspouy
5.
1885 in architecture
–
The year 1885 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. May - The original wooden structures of Hobson Block, West Union, Iowa, USA, are destroyed by fire, W. D. Caröe is appointed architect to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England. Construction of the Altare della Patria in Rome, designed by Giuseppe Sacconi, begins, july 13 - New building for the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, designed by Pierre Cuypers. November 30 - London Pavilion variety theatre, designed by Robert Worley, december 27 - Church of St. Peter, Leipzig, designed by August Hartel and Constantin Lipsius. Church of Saint Anthony of Padua, Busovača, Bosnia-Herzegovina, metropole Hotel, London, designed by Francis Fowler and James Ebenezer Saunders. Autumn - The Home Insurance Building in Chicago, Illinois, designed by William Le Baron Jenney, with ten floors and a fireproof weight-bearing metal frame, it is regarded as the first skyscraper. Holloway Sanatorium near Virginia Water in England, designed by William Henry Crossland, sway Tower in Hampshire, England, designed by Andrew Peterson using concrete made with Portland cement. It remains the worlds tallest non-reinforced concrete structure, house for Kate Greenaway, Frognal, London, designed by Richard Norman Shaw. Rebuilt Framingham Railroad Station in Framingham, Massachusetts, designed by H. H. Richardson, royal Gold Medal - Heinrich Schliemann. Grand Prix de Rome, architecture, François Paul André
6.
1886 in architecture
–
The year 1886 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. Patrick Manogue, Sacramentos first bishop, acquires the land to build the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament in the United States, june 30 - Founders Building at Royal Holloway College for women, Egham, near London, designed by William Henry Crossland. July - Neuschwanstein Castle in Bavaria, designed by Christian Jank and realized by Eduard Riedel, is opened to the public, october 28 - Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor, United States, designed by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi with engineering by Gustave Eiffel and Maurice Koechlin. October 31 - Dom Luís Bridge in Porto, designed by Téophile Seyrig, iowa State Capitol in Des Moines, designed by John C. Cochrane and Alfred H. Piquenard National Assembly building in Sofia, hotel Cecil, London, United Kingdom, designed by Perry & Reed. Oulu City Hall, Finland, designed by Johan Erik Stenberg, Royal Gold Medal - Charles Garnier. Grand Prix de Rome, architecture, Albert Louvet, W. Godwin, English architect and designer November 4 - George Devey, English country house architect
7.
1887 in architecture
–
The year 1887 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. Construction work begins on Shrine of Our Lady of the Rosary, Rosario, provinciaal Hof, Bruges, Flanders, designed by Louis Delacenserie and René Buyck. Ponce de León Hotel, St. Augustine, Florida, designed by Carrère, march 29 - Peebles Old Parish Church, Scotland, designed by William Young. April 23 - Metropolitan Cathedral, Iași, Romania, completed by Alexandru Orăscu, june 20 - Victoria Terminus of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway in Bombay, designed by Frederick William Stevens. December 1 - Raffles Hotel, Singapore, cardiff Metropolitan Cathedral, designed by Pugin & Pugin. New façade of Florence Cathedral, designed by Emilio De Fabris, basilica of St. Nicholas, Amsterdam, designed by Adrianus Bleijs. St Pauls Church, Aarhus, designed by Vilhelm Theodor Walther, cluj-Napoca Neolog Synagogue, Romania, designed by engineer Izidor Hegner. Rebuilt Gare Saint-Lazare terminus of Chemins de fer de lOuest in Paris, RIBA Royal Gold Medal - Ewan Christian. MacGibbon and Ross begin publication of The Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland, G. A. Wayss publishes Das System Monier-Eisengerippe mit Cementumhüllung-in seiner Anwendung auf das gesammte Bauwesen in Berlin, one of the first books on reinforced concrete
8.
1888 in architecture
–
The year 1888 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. Roof and dome of Seville Cathedral collapse in an earthquake, january 5 - The Neues deutsches Theater, Prague, designed by Fellner & Helmer with Baron Karl von Hasenauer and Alfons Wertmüller. April 11 - The Concertgebouw in Amsterdam, designed by Adolf Leonard van Gendt, may - Victoria Terminus station building, designed by Frederick William Stevens for the Great Indian Peninsula Railway, in Bombays Bori Bunder district. August 12 - Plaza de Toros de El Bibio, Gijón, Asturias, august 17 - Castle of the Three Dragons for 1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition, Spain, designed by Lluís Domènech i Montaner. August 18 - Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof, designed by Hermann Eggert and Johann Wilhelm Schwedler, october 2 - Annunciation Cathedral, Kharkiv, Ukraine, designed by Mikhail Lovtsov. October 14 - Burgtheater, Ringstraße, Vienna, designed by Gottfried Semper, autumn - Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, with Tech Tower used for classrooms. St. Annes Church, Bukit Mertajam, Malaysia, conquest Plantation, Pointe Coupee, Louisiana, USA, built in Victorian style. Illinois State Capitol, Springfield, Illinois, USA, ponce de León Hotel, St. Augustine, Florida, USA, designed by John Carrere and Thomas Hastings. Texas State Capitol, Austin, Texas, USA, designed by Elijah E. Myers, allegheny County Courthouse, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, designed by H. H. Richardson. High Royds Hospital near Leeds, England, designed by J. Vickers Edwards, several buildings for the International Exhibition of Science, Art and Industry held in Glasgow, key architect being James Sellars. Elizabeth Plankinton House, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, designed by E. Townsend Mix, royal Gold Medal - Theophil Freiherr von Hansen. Grand Prix de Rome, architecture, Albert Tournaire
9.
1889 in architecture
–
The year 1889 in architecture involved some significant events. March 31 - Eiffel Tower in Paris, designed by Gustave Eiffel, is inaugurated, at 300 m, its height exceeds the previous tallest structure in the world by 130 m. May 6–October 31 - Exposition Universelle in Paris, with the Eiffel Tower as its entrance arch, the Galerie des machines, designed by architect Ferdinand Dutert and engineer Victor Contamin, at 111 m, spans the longest interior space in the world at this time. July 12 - Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, designed by Bryan J. Klinch, is completed, october 15 - Amsterdam Centraal railway station in the Netherlands, designed by Pierre Cuypers with roof engineered by L. J. Eijmer, is opened. December 9 - Auditorium Building in Chicago, designed by Louis Sullivan, custom House designed by Charles McLay in Brisbane, Australia is completed. Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta, designed by Edbrooke and Burnham, is completed, first Presbyterian Church, designed by George D. Mason and Zachariah Rice, is built. Mole Antonelliana in Turin, Italy, designed by Alessandro Antonelli, is completed, palau Güell in Barcelona, designed by Antoni Gaudí, is completed. Science Hall in University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District, Minneapolis, designed by Leroy Buffington, germania Bank Building in Saint Paul, Minnesota, designed by J. Walter Stevens assisted by Harvey Ellis, is built. Royal Gold Medal - Charles Thomas Newton, may 10 - Mihran Mesrobian, Armenian-born American May 21 - R
10.
1891 in architecture
–
The year 1891 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. Ludington Building - Chicago, designed by William Le Baron Jenney, earliest surviving steel-framed building in the city, manhattan Building - Chicago, designed by William Le Baron Jenney, completed, worlds earliest surviving steel-framed building to use a purely skeletal supporting structure. Second Leiter Building - Chicago, designed by William Le Baron Jenney, monadnock Building - Chicago, tallest masonry load-bearing wall building when built. Sacred Heart Cathedral - Davenport, Iowa, designed by James J. Egan, St. Ambrose Cathedral - Des Moines, Iowa, designed by James J. Egan. Wainwright Building - St. Louis, Missouri, designed by Dankmar Adler, university of Pennsylvania Library - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, designed by Frank Furness. Several buildings constructed for the General Land Centennial Exhibition world fair - Prague, victoria Hall, Switzerland, a concert hall designed by Marc Camoletti. Stadttheater Zürich, designed by Fellner & Helmer, opened, house of the Estates in Helsinki, Finland, built. General Post Office, Birmingham, England, designed by Henry Tanner, Palace Theatre, Manchester, England, designed by Alfred Darbyshire. Royal Gold Medal - Arthur Blomfield, grand Prix de Rome, architecture, Henri Eustache. D. Sedding, English ecclesiastical architect May 7 - John Hayward, English Gothic Revival architect
11.
1892 in architecture
–
The year 1892 in architecture involved some significant events. July 8 - Great Fire of 1892 destroys many buildings in St. Johns, october 21 - The World Columbian Exposition is dedicated in Chicago. Many of the worlds best and brightest architects design what will be known as the White City, françois Hennebique patents his system of reinforced concrete. Heinävesi Church, the largest wooden church in Finland, designed by Josef Stenbäck, cathedral of St Michael and St George, Aldershot, England, designed by military engineers. West front of All Saints, Ennismore Gardens, south London, masonic Temple, designed by Burnham and Root. Regional parliament of Alsace-Lorraine, Strasbourg, designed by August Hartel, buenos Aires City Hall, designed by Juan Cagnoni. Palace of Justice Building, Rosario, Argentina, designed by Herbert Boyd Walker, courthouse and Jail, Esbjerg, Denmark, designed by Hans Christian Amberg. Government House, Bermuda, designed by William Cardy Hallet, soldiers and Sailors Arch, Brooklyn, New York, designed by John H. Duncan. Toronto Board of Trade Building, designed by James & James, natural History Building, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, designed by Nathan Clifford Ricker. Theater Unter den Linden, Berlin, designed by Fellner & Helmer, provincial Theatre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, designed by Jan Vladimír Hráský and Anton Hruby. Teatro de Cristóbal Colón, Bogotá, Colombia, designed by Pietro Cantini, madrid Atocha railway station, Spain, designed by Alberto Palacio with Gustave Eiffel. Mills Building, designed by D. H. Burnham & Company, general Post Office, Leeds, England, designed by Henry Tanner. Youths Companion Building, Boston, Massachusetts, designed by Henry W. Hartwell, page Belting Company Mills, Concord, New Hampshire. Templetons Carpet Factory, Glasgow, Scotland, designed by William Leiper, royal Gold Medal - César Daly. Grand Prix de Rome, architecture, Guillaume Tronchet, april 8 - Richard Neutra, Austrian American modernist architect June 19 - Ejnar Mindedal Rasmussen, Danish Neoclassical architect January 27 - Philip Charles Hardwick, English architect
12.
1893 in architecture
–
The year 1893 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. May 1 - The Worlds Columbian Exposition, including 600 temporary buildings, opens to the public in Chicago, juliusz Słowacki Theatre, Kraków, Poland, designed by Jan Zawiejski, opened as the Teatr Miejski on October 21. Museum for the Macedonian Struggle Refinery for Pacific Coast Borax Company, Salt Lake Temple in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. St. Marys Cathedral in Glasgow, Scotland, UK, st. Michael the Archangel Church in Kaunas, Lithuania. Broad Street Station, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, designed by Frank Furness, royal Gold Medal - Richard Morris Hunt. Grand Prix de Rome, architecture, François-Benjamin Chaussemiche
13.
1894 in architecture
–
The year 1894 in architecture involved some significant events. In the United States, the Society of Beaux-Arts Architects is founded, april 21 - Quatro de Setembro Theater, Teresina, Brazil. May 14 - Blackpool Tower in Blackpool, England, completed to a design by Maxwell and Tuke, june 30 - Tower Bridge in London, designed by Horace Jones and John Wolfe-Barry. July - Dalen Hotel in Norway, designed by Haldor Børve, october 16 - Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden, designed by Fellner & Helmer. Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral, Montreal, Canada, reformed Church, Dresden, designed by Harald Julius von Bosse. Sacred Heart Church, designed by Ludwig Schöne, colegio de Santa Maria de Jesús in Barcelona, Spain, designed by Antoni Gaudí. Antiguo Cuartel Militar Español de Ponce, Puerto Rico, sisters of Charity Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia. Reichstag in Berlin, designed by Paul Wallot, royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp, designed by Jacob Winders and Frans van Dijk. Guaranty Building, Buffalo, New York, designed by Louis Sullivan, hôtel Tassel, Brussels, designed by Victor Horta. Hurlbut Memorial Gate, Detroit, Michigan, USA, lululaund, a house for Hubert von Herkomer at Bushey, England, based on a design by Henry Hobson Richardson. Rebuilt Köln Hauptbahnhof railway station in Cologne, Germany, designed by E. Grüttefie, royal Gold Medal - Frederic Leighton. Grand Prix de Rome, architecture, Alfred-Henri Recoura
14.
1895 in architecture
–
The year 1895 in architecture involved some significant events. William Alexander Harvey, aged 20, is appointed architect for the newly laid-out model village of Bournville in Birmingham, kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, Berlin, Germany, by Franz Heinrich Schwechten, is consecrated. Milwaukee City Hall in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States is completed, Biltmore House on Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina, United States, by Richard Morris Hunt is opened. Refuge Assurance Building in Manchester, England, by Alfred Waterhouse, is opened, bishopsgate Institute in London, England, by Charles Harrison Townsend, is opened. New offices for The Glasgow Herald in Scotland, designed by John Keppie, royal Gold Medal - James Brooks. Grand Prix de Rome, architecture, René Patouillard-Demoriane
15.
1896 in architecture
–
The year 1896 in architecture involved some significant events. April 16 - The The National Trust in England acquires its first building for preservation, Alfriston Clergy House, a History of Architecture by Sir Banister Fletcher is published. April 16 -1896 Summer Olympics, the first modern international Olympic Games, open at the Panathinaiko Stadium, Athens, reconstructed to designs by architects Anastasios Metaxas, may 14 - Garth Pier, Bangor, Wales, designed by J. J. Webster. October 1 - Theater des Westens, Berlin, designed by Bernhard Sehrings, annesley Lodge, Hampstead, designed by Charles Voysey. Church of SantAnselmo allAventino, Rome, Italy, by Francesco Vespignani, marseille Cathedral, France, principally by Léon Vaudoyer and Henri-Jacques Espérendieu. National Gallery of Slovenia, Ljubljana, designed by František Škabrout, Temple Building, Canada, designed by George W. Gouinlock Temple of Human Passions, Cinquantenaire Park, Brussels, Belgium, designed by Victor Horta. Royal Gold Medal - Ernest George, grand Prix de Rome, architecture, Louis-Charles-Henri Pille
16.
1897 in architecture
–
The year 1897 in architecture involved some significant events. May 1 Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek art museum, designed by Wilhelm Dahlerup, tennessee Centennial Exposition opens in Nashville, with a temporary pyramid for Memphis, TN and a copy of the Parthenon, which will be rebuilt of permanent materials in the 1920s. May 12 - The new Oxford Town Hall, designed by Henry Hare, is opened in England. May 16 - The Teatro Massimo is inaugurated in Palermo, it is the largest opera theatre in Italy, november 1 - The Library of Congress Building in Washington, D. C. designed by Paul J. Pelz, is opened. Christmas - The Cathedral of St. Vincent de Paul, Tunis, is completed, the Secession Building, Vienna, designed by Joseph Maria Olbrich is completed in Austria. Glasgow School of Art, designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh, is begun in Scotland, the Arts and Crafts movement house Munstead Wood, designed by Edwin Lutyens for Gertrude Jekyll, is begun in England. The Flatiron Building of Atlanta, Georgia, United States is completed, the Battenberg Mausoleum, Sofia, designed by Hermann Mayer, is completed. The Weaver building, a mill at Swansea in Wales, becomes the first building in the United Kingdom to be constructed from reinforced concrete, dresden Hauptbahnhof railway station in Germany, designed by Ernst Giese and Paul Weidner, is completed. Restoration and remodelling of Castelldefels Castle in Spain by Enric Sagnier is completed, april 3 - Vienna Secession group founded by Otto Wagner, Joseph Maria Olbrich and Josef Hoffmann among others. David Ewart succeeds Thomas Fuller as Chief Dominion Architect of the Government of Canada, james Knox Taylor becomes Supervising Architect of the United States Department of the Treasury. RIBA Royal Gold Medal - Pierre Cuypers, english architect June 22 - William Mason, New Zealand architect William Lang, American architect
17.
1898 in architecture
–
The year 1898 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. St. Paul Building in New York City is completed as one of the tallest buildings in the world, compton Hill Water Tower in St. Louis, Missouri, designed by Harvey Ellis, is built. San Francisco Ferry Building, designed by A, the Queen Victoria Building, Sydney, Australia is completed. The British Columbia Parliament Buildings in Victoria, designed by Francis Rattenbury, are opened, the Lubyanka Building in Moscow is built. Arts and Crafts movement architect Charles Voysey designs the country houses Broadleys, edwin Lutyens designs Goddards rest home in Abinger, England. Construction of Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Zamora, Michoacán, Mexico, to-Morrow, A Peaceful Path to Real Reform is published by Ebenezer Howard, calling for the creation of garden cities. Royal Gold Medal - George Aitchison, grand Prix de Rome, architecture, Léon Chifflot
18.
1899 in architecture
–
The year 1899 in architecture involved some significant events. March 14 - Church of the Saviour, Baku in Azerbaijan, april 2 - Maison du Peuple in Brussels, designed by Victor Horta is officially opened. July 20 - Park Row Building in New York City is completed and it holds this title until 1908. September 1 - The National Theatre opens in Norway, september 18 - Old City Hall in Toronto, Ontario, designed by E. J. Lennox, is inaugurated. October - Work begins on St Agathas Church, Sparkbrook, Birmingham, october 6 - John Rylands Library in Manchester, England, designed by Basil Champneys, is inaugurated. December 15 - Glasgow School of Art opens its new building, raffles Hotel, Singapore, designed by Regent Alfred John Bidwell of Swan and Maclaren, is completed. Café Museum in Vienna, with interior designed by Adolf Loos, is opened, approximate date - The Saitta House in Dyker Heights, Brooklyn, New York, designed by John J. Petit, is completed. In 2007, it is listed on both the State and National Register of Historic Places, auguste Choisy - Histoire de larchitecture Ellen Key - Beauty for All Royal Gold Medal - George Frederick Bodley. Grand Prix de Rome, architecture, Tony Garnier
19.
1900 in architecture
–
The year 1900 in architecture involved some significant events. July 19 - The Paris Métro opens, with entrances designed by Hector Guimard in 1899, antoni Gaudí begins work on the Parc Güell, which he works on for the next fourteen years. The Gare dOrsay, the modern-day Musée dOrsay, is built in Paris by Victor Laloux, the Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower at the University of Birmingham, England, is completed. The OXO Tower in London, England, is completed, the Royer Printing House, designed by Lucien Weissenburger, is completed. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Tallinn, designed by Mikhail Preobrazhensky, is completed, villa Schutzenberger in Strasbourg, France, is completed. Kinloch Castle on the isle of Rùm, Scotland, designed by Leeming & Leeming, is completed, bullough Mausoleum on the isle of Rùm, Scotland, built. Royal Gold Medal - Rodolfo Amadeo Lanciani, grand Prix de Rome, architecture, Paul Bigot. English architect August 18 - Edward Habershon, English ecclesiastical architect
20.
1890 in art
–
January 18 – February 23 – Seventh annual exhibition of Les XX in Brussels includes a display of work by Vincent van Gogh. Henry de Groux criticises his paintings but Albert Aurier praises them, from the exhibition, van Gogh sells The Red Vineyard to Anna Boch, said to be the only sale of his work during his lifetime. March 20 – April 27 – The Société des Artistes Indépendants show in Paris includes a display of van Gogh paintings. May 20 – Van Gogh moves to Auvers-sur-Oise on the edge of Paris in the care of Dr Paul Gachet where he will produce around seventy paintings in as many days, more than a dozen are size 30 canvases. June–July – Van Gogh develops his double-square painting technique, e. g. in the July paintings Wheatfield with Crows, July 27 – Death of Vincent van Gogh, van Gogh perhaps paints Tree Roots, then apparently shoots himself, dying two days later. September 20 – Theo van Gogh, assisted by Émile Bernard, november – Lucien Pissarro settles permanently in London. Claude Monet begins painting his Haystacks series, wellington – Eventide William R. Coats – Ypsilanti Water Tower, winner of Most Phallic Building contest Grand Prix de Rome, painting. Grand Prix de Rome, sculpture, Paul-Jean-Baptiste Gasq, Grand Prix de Rome, architecture, Emmanuel Pontremoli. Zeev Raban, Polish Jewish painter Jean Xceron, Greek-American painter Petar Dobrović, Serbian Expressionist painter
21.
1890 in music
–
Events in the year 1890 in music. June 21 - Richard Strauss conducts the premiere of his symphonic poem Death, September 9 - Edward Elgars concert overture Froissart is premiered at the Three Choirs Festival in Worcester George W. The New York Phonograph Company opens the first recording studio, the Commodore Song Little Pig Went To Market by J. Cheever Goodwin & Gustave Kerker Maggie Murphys Home w. Edward Harrigan m. David Braham Passing By w. Robert Herrick m. Edward C. Purcell Star of the East w. George Cooper m, amanda Kennedy Throw Him Down McCloskey w. m. John W. Kelly Youll Miss Lots of Fun When Youre Married by John Philip Sousa & Edward M. Taber Ferruccio Busoni - Violin Sonata No. 1, Opus 29 Ernest Chausson - Chansons de Shakespeare Antonín Dvořák - Requiem,3, Opus 33 Armas Järnefelt - Ouverture Lyrique Carl Nielsen - String Quartet No
22.
Forth Bridge
–
The Forth Bridge is a cantilever railway bridge over the Firth of Forth in the east of Scotland,9 miles west of Edinburgh City Centre. It is considered an iconic structure and a symbol of Scotland and it was designed by the English engineers Sir John Fowler and Sir Benjamin Baker. It is sometimes referred to as the Forth Rail Bridge to distinguish it from the Forth Road Bridge, construction of the bridge began in 1882 and it was opened on 4 March 1890 by the Prince of Wales, the future Edward VII. The bridge spans the Forth between the villages of South Queensferry and North Queensferry and has a length of 8,094 feet. When it opened it had the longest single bridge span in the world. It continues to be the worlds second-longest single cantilever span, with a span of 1,709 feet, the bridge and its associated railway infrastructure are owned by Network Rail Infrastructure Limited. Prior to the construction of the bridge, ferry boats were used to cross the Firth. In 1806, a pair of tunnels, one for direction, was proposed. Experiments in late 1864 with weighted caissons achieved a pressure of 5 tons/ft2 on the silt, encouraging Bouch to continue with the design. In August 1865, Richard Hodgson, chairman of the NBR, proposed that the Company invest GB£18,000 to try a different kind of foundation, as the weighted caissons had not been successful. Bouch proposed using a large platform underneath the piers,80 by 60 by 7 feet weighed down with 10,000 tonnes of pig iron which would sink the wooden platform to the level of the silt. The platform was launched on 14 June 1866 after some difficulty in getting it to move down the greased planks it rested on, and then moored in the harbour for six weeks pending completion. In September 1866, a Committee of Shareholders investigating rumours of financial difficulties found that accounts had been falsified, and the chairman, by mid-1867 the NBR was nearly bankrupt, and all work on the Forth and Tay bridges was stopped. The North British Railway took over the ferry at Queensferry in 1867, after the Tay Bridge collapsed in 1879, confidence in Bouch dried up and the work stopped. After the disaster, which occurred in high winds for which Bouch had not properly accounted, the Board of Trade imposed a lateral wind allowance of 56 lbs/ft2. Bouchs design was abandoned on 13 January 1881, and Sir John Fowler, W. H. Barlow and T. E. Harrison. The Forth Bridge is 8,094 feet in length, and it consists of two main spans of 1,700 feet, two side spans of 680 ft, and 15 approach spans of 168 ft. Each main span consists of two 680 ft cantilever arms supporting a central 350 feet span truss, the weight of the bridge superstructure was 50,513 long tons, including the 6.5 million rivets used
23.
Ypsilanti Water Tower
–
The Ypsilanti Water Tower is a historic water tower in Ypsilanti, Michigan, United States. The tower was designed by William R. Coats and built as part of a city waterworks project that began in 1889. Located on the highest point in Ypsilanti, the tower was built in 1890 at a cost of $21,435.63, today the tower is frequently joked about for its phallic shape. An ordinance passed on April 14,1898, established a yearly rate schedule for residences with running water, rates were based on the number of faucets in use, the type of business that customers operated and the livestock they owned. A residence with one tap was charged $5.00 and a private bathtub cost an additional $2.00, saloon keepers paid $7.00 for one faucet, $3.00 for each additional faucet and $1.00 for each billiard table. Each cow a person owned cost $1.00, people who failed to pay their bill were subject to a $50.00 fine and ninety days in the county jail. It was completed on February 3,1890, at the cost of $21,368, the structure was the only water tower in the Ypsilanti water system until 1956. The Ypsilanti Community Utilities Authority began operating and maintaining the structure in 1974 and that same year the tower was designated by the American Water Works Association as an American Water Landmark. It was also designated a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the Michigan Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the exterior was designed in the popular Queen Anne style of the period. Queen Anne design was less formal than other styles at the time. Instead it experimented with different shapes particularly towers, Queen Anne buildings also often had more decoration than this structure. The stone tower is located at the highest point of elevation of the city on Summit Street, the tower is made of Joliet limestone. The tower is 147 feet tall, has an 85-foot base, the substructure walls taper from a thickness of forty inches at the bottom to 24 inches at the top. The reservoir holds a 250, 000-gallon steel tank, when it was constructed it had a dual purpose. Not only did it store water but the water also generated electricity for the city street lamps at night. A marble bust of Demetrius Ypsilanti stands between a Greek and a U. S. flag at the base of the water tower, the city of Ypsilanti is named after this hero of Greek independence. The tower has long been a source of humor for comedians in the Ann Arbor–Ypsilanti area, in 2003 Cabinet magazine ranked the tower as the Worlds Most Phallic Building. List of towers American Water Landmark Media related to Ypsilanti Water Tower at Wikimedia Commons Ypsilanti Water Tower on LocalWiki
24.
Ypsilanti, Michigan
–
Ypsilanti, commonly shortened to Ypsi, is a city in Washtenaw County in the U. S. state of Michigan, perhaps best known as the home of Eastern Michigan University. As of the 2010 census, the population was 19,435. The city is bounded to the north by Superior Township and on the west, south, Ypsilanti is located 6 miles east of Ann Arbor and about 18 miles west of the Detroit city limits. S. It was incorporated into the Territory of Michigan as the village Woodruffs Grove, a separate community a short distance away on the west side of the river was established in 1825 under the name Ypsilanti, after Demetrios Ypsilantis, a hero in the Greek War of Independence. Woodruffs Grove changed its name to Ypsilanti in 1829, the year its namesake effectively won the Greek war, a bust of Demetrios Ypsilantis by Greek sculptor Christopher Nastos stands between a Greek and a US flag at the base of the landmark Ypsilanti Water Tower. Ypsilanti has played an important role in the automobile industry, from 1920 to 1922, Apex Motors produced the ACE car. It was in Ypsilanti that Preston Tucker designed and built the prototypes for his Tucker 48, tuckers story was related in the film Tucker, The Man and His Dream, directed by Francis Ford Coppola. In 1945, Henry J. Kaiser and Joseph W. Frazer bought the nearby Willow Run B-24 Liberator bomber plant from Ford Motor Company, and started to make Kaiser and Frazer model cars in 1947. The last Kaiser car made in Ypsilanti rolled off the line in 1953. General Motors purchased the Kaiser Frazer plant, and converted it into its Hydramatic Division, the GM Powertrain Division ceased production at this facility in 2010. Ypsilanti is also the location of the last Hudson automobile dealership, today, the former dealership is the site of the Ypsilanti Automotive Heritage Collection. The museum is the home to an original Fabulous Hudson Hornet race car, in the early 1970s, along with neighboring city of Ann Arbor, the citizens reduced the penalty for the use and sale of marijuana to $5. When Ypsilanti prosecuted a man possessing 100 pounds of cannabis under state law, the trial judge declared the ordinances requirement that Ypsilanti prosecute only under city law unenforceable. An appeal court upheld the judges ruling. Later, Ypsilanti City Council, using its power of codification, in 1979, Faz Husain was elected to the Ypsilanti city council, the first Muslim and the first native of India to win elected office in Michigan. In the 1990s Ypsilanti became the first city in Michigan to pass a living wage ordinance, two ballot measures to repeal the ordinance were led and bankrolled by conservatives, including Tom Monaghan. Both measures failed, the second by a larger percentage than the first, the award provides for an economic development consultant to assist Ypsilanti in developing a growth and job creation strategy for the downtown area. 1959 – Eastern Michigan becomes a university 1960 – Tom Monaghan founds Dominos Pizza as DomiNicks Pizza at 507 W. Cross St and he was convicted in 1969, but of only one of the murders
25.
Firth of Forth
–
The Firth of Forth is the estuary of the River Forth in Scotland, where it flows into the North Sea, between Fife to the north and Lothian to the south. It was known as Bodotria in Roman times, in the Norse sagas it was known as the Myrkvifiörd. Geologically, the Firth of Forth is a fjord, formed by the Forth Glacier in the last glacial period, the Kincardine Bridge, the Clackmannanshire Bridge, the Forth Road Bridge and the Forth Bridge carry traffic across the firth. Queensferry Crossing, alongside the Forth Road Bridge, was expected to open in 2016 but has since been delayed until May 2017. From 1964 to 1982, a tunnel existed under the Firth of Forth, the shafts leading into the tunnel were filled and capped with concrete when the tunnel was closed, and it is believed to have filled with water or collapsed in places. In July,2007, a passenger service completed a two-week trial between Portobello, Edinburgh and Kirkcaldy, Fife. The trial of the service was hailed as an operational success. It was estimated the service would decrease congestion for commuters on the Forth road, despite the initial success, the project was cancelled in December,2011. Historic villages line the Fife shoreline, Limekilns, Charlestown and Culross, established in the 6th century, the firth is important for nature conservation and is a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The Firth of Forth Islands SPA is home to more than 90,000 breeding seabirds every year, there is a bird observatory on the Isle of May. The youngest person to swim across the Firth of Forth was 13-year-old Joseph Feeney, in 2008, a controversial bid to allow oil transfer between ships in the firth was refused by Forth Ports. SPT Marine Services had asked permission to transfer 7.8 million tonnes of oil per year between tankers, but the proposals were met with determined opposition from conservation groups
26.
South Queensferry
–
Queensferry, also called South Queensferry or simply The Ferry, is a town to the west of Edinburgh, Scotland, traditionally a royal burgh of West Lothian. It lies some ten miles to the north-west of Edinburgh city centre, the prefix South serves to distinguish it from North Queensferry, on the opposite shore of the Forth. Both towns derive their name from the service established by Queen Margaret in the 11th century, which continued to operate at the town until 1964. Its population at the 2011 census was 9,026 based on the 2010 definition of the locality, the Gaelic name Taobh a Deas Chas Chaolais means Southern Side of Steep Strait. The name Cas Chaolas is older than the English name, it can be applied to either North or South Queensferry, the queen referred to is Saint Margaret of Scotland who is believed to have established a ferry at this point for pilgrims on their way north to St Andrews. She died in 1093 and made her final journey by ferry to Dunfermline Abbey and her son, David I of Scotland, awarded the ferry rights to the abbey. A local fair dates from the 12th century, the Fair also has a dedicated radio station, Jubilee1, which in May 2007 was awarded a licence to evolve into a full Public Service Community Station for North and South Queensferry. Queensferry hosts the annual procession of the Burry Man during the Ferry Fair. This unique cultural event is over three hundred years old, and likely pagan in origin, a local man is covered from head-to-toe in sticky burrs which adhere to undergarments covering his entire body, leaving only the shoes, hands and two eye holes exposed. On top of this layer he wears a sash, flowers and his ability to bend his arms or sit down is very restricted during the long day and his progress is a slow walk with frequent pauses. The key landmarks on the tour are the Provosts office and each pub in the village, the name Loony dook is a combination of Loony and dook, a Scots term meaning dip or bathe. It is sponsored by porridge maker Stoats and it is a recently instituted event whereby people dive into the freezing waters of the Firth of Forth on New Years Day, often in fancy dress. In recent years the event has attracted people from all over the world, a proposal to charge people to participate in this event was recently announced, the proceeds of which will benefit RNLI Queensferry. The event was conceived in 1986 as a suggestion by three locals for a New Years Day hangover cure. The following year it was decided to repeat the event for charity and it has grown to become part of the official Edinburgh Hogmanay celebrations. A charge is now levied to cover the increased cost of organisation, the event has inspired similar, though smaller in scale, annual New Year Loony Dooks, such as in North Berwick in East Lothian and Kirkcaldy in Fife, both also on the Firth of Forth. Queensferry has a community band that evolved from being a school brass band to a youth band. It came third in the 2006 Scottish Brass Band Championships 4th section contest, St Marys Episcopal Church, also known as the Priory Church is the towns oldest building, built for the Carmelite Order of friars in the 1450s
27.
North Queensferry
–
North Queensferry is a village in Fife, Scotland, on the Firth of Forth, between the Forth Bridge and the Forth Road Bridge, and 10 miles from Edinburgh. According to the 2008 population estimate, the village has a population of 1,150 and it is the southernmost settlement in Fife. The Scottish Gaelic name Taobh a Tuath Chas Chaolais means Northern Side of Steep Strait, the name Cas Chaolas is older than the English name Queensferry and older than the Scottish Gaelic equivalent of the English name, which is Port na Banrighinn. Cas Chaolas can be applied to either North or South Queensferry, Margaret is said to have made her arrival in Scotland here in 1068, and to have regularly used the ferry crossing when travelling between the then capital Dunfermline, and Edinburgh Castle. From around this time, the became known as the Queens Ferry. Margaret died in 1093 and made her final journey by ferry to Dunfermline Abbey and her son, David I of Scotland, awarded the ferry rights to the abbey. However, it is likely there was a settlement around the present site of the village long before the time of Margaret. North Queensferry over the centuries remained a community, with a population of probably no more than 600. Yet the numbers passing through the daily were huge. From noblemen to commoners, from Kings to cattle, all had to use the Queens Ferry to cross the Forth and it is recorded that Mary, Queen of Scots used the ferry on the day she was transported to Loch Leven Castle where she was imprisoned in 1565. The battle gave Cromwell control of Fife and the Firth of Forth, troops of the New Model Army under Major-General John Lambert crossed the Forth from Leith over several days. They landed at Cruickness, the point to the south of Inverkeithing Inner Bay, on 20 July as they moved north across the isthmus they were attacked by the royalist forces under David Leslie. Lambert was victorious and claimed his men had killed 2000 and taken 1,400 prisoners and it is believed that the destruction of the Chapel of St James by Cromwells men took place at this time. In the 18th century, the ground became a cemetery for members of the North Queensferry Sailors’ Society. The Town Pier, the ferry terminus for many years, was designed by John Rennie. The Harbour Light Tower was built in 1817, until then, ferries berthed both at the Town Pier and at the Battery Pier. To accommodate the deeper draughts of the new, larger steam-powered ferries, the Railway Pier, on the far side of West Bay, was the terminus of the new Dunfermline-North Queensferry Railway which opened in 1877. The Railway Pier was used as one of the ferry terminals from 1877 to 1890
28.
Scotland
–
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles, the Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707. By inheritance in 1603, James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland, Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain, which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. Within Scotland, the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles, titles, the legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland, Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law. Glasgow, Scotlands largest city, was one of the worlds leading industrial cities. Other major urban areas are Aberdeen and Dundee, Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third-largest city in Scotland, the title of Europes oil capital, following a referendum in 1997, a Scottish Parliament was re-established, in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members, having authority over many areas of domestic policy. Scotland is represented in the UK Parliament by 59 MPs and in the European Parliament by 6 MEPs, Scotland is also a member nation of the British–Irish Council, and the British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly. Scotland comes from Scoti, the Latin name for the Gaels, the Late Latin word Scotia was initially used to refer to Ireland. By the 11th century at the latest, Scotia was being used to refer to Scotland north of the River Forth, alongside Albania or Albany, the use of the words Scots and Scotland to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common in the Late Middle Ages. Repeated glaciations, which covered the land mass of modern Scotland. It is believed the first post-glacial groups of hunter-gatherers arrived in Scotland around 12,800 years ago, the groups of settlers began building the first known permanent houses on Scottish soil around 9,500 years ago, and the first villages around 6,000 years ago. The well-preserved village of Skara Brae on the mainland of Orkney dates from this period and it contains the remains of an early Bronze Age ruler laid out on white quartz pebbles and birch bark. It was also discovered for the first time that early Bronze Age people placed flowers in their graves, in the winter of 1850, a severe storm hit Scotland, causing widespread damage and over 200 deaths. In the Bay of Skaill, the storm stripped the earth from a large irregular knoll, when the storm cleared, local villagers found the outline of a village, consisting of a number of small houses without roofs. William Watt of Skaill, the laird, began an amateur excavation of the site, but after uncovering four houses
29.
Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet
–
Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet, KCMG, LLD, FRSE was an English civil engineer specialising in the construction of railways and railway infrastructure. In the 1850s and 1860s, he was engineer for the worlds first underground railway, Londons Metropolitan Railway, in the 1880s, he was chief engineer for the Forth Railway Bridge, which opened in 1890. Fowlers was a long and eminent career, spanning most of the 19th centurys railway expansion and he was the youngest president of the Institution of Civil Engineers, between 1865 and 1867, and his major works represent a lasting legacy of Victorian engineering. Fowler was born in Wadsley, Sheffield, Yorkshire, England, to land surveyor John Fowler and he was educated privately at Whitley Hall near Ecclesfield. He trained under John Towlerton Leather, engineer of the Sheffield waterworks, from 1837 he worked for John Urpeth Rastrick on railway projects including the London and Brighton Railway and the unbuilt West Cumberland and Furness Railway. He then worked again for George Leather as resident engineer on the Stockton, Fowler initially established a practice as a consulting engineer in the Yorkshire and Lincolnshire area, but, a heavy workload led him to move to London in 1844. He became a member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1847, the year the Institution was founded, on 2 July 1850 he married Elizabeth Broadbent, daughter of J. Boadbent of Manchester. Fowler established a practice, working on many railway schemes across the country. In 1853, he became engineer of the Metropolitan Railway in London. Constructed in shallow cut-and-cover trenches beneath roads, the line opened between Paddington and Farringdon in 1863, Fowler was also engineer for the associated District Railway and the Hammersmith and City Railway. Today these railways form the majority of the London Undergrounds Circle line, for his work on the Metropolitan Railway Fowler was paid the great sum of £152,000, with £157,000, from the District Railway. Other railways that Fowler consulted for were the London Tilbury and Southend Railway, the Great Northern Railway, the Highland Railway, following the death of Isambard Kingdom Brunel in 1859, Fowler was retained by the Great Western Railway. His various appointments involved him in the design of Victoria station in London, Sheffield Victoria station, St Enoch station in Glasgow, Liverpool Central station and Manchester Central station. The latter stations 210-foot wide train shed roof was the second widest unsupported iron arch in Britain after the roof of St Pancras railway station. Fowlers consulting work extended beyond Britain including railway and engineering projects in Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Egypt, France, Germany, Portugal and the United States. In 1870 he provided advice to an Indian Government inquiry on railway gauges where he recommended a narrow gauge of 3 feet 6 inches for light railways and he visited Australia in 1886, where he made some remarks on the break of gauge difficulty. As part of his projects, Fowler designed numerous bridges. In the 1860s, he designed Grosvenor Bridge, the first railway bridge over the River Thames, both remain in use today carrying railway lines across the River Severn
30.
Benjamin Baker (engineer)
–
Sir Benjamin Baker KCB KCMG FRS FRSE was an eminent English civil engineer who worked in mid to late Victorian era. He helped develop the underground railways in London with Sir John Fowler. He made many notable contributions to civil engineering, including his work as an expert witness at the public inquiry into the Tay Rail Bridge disaster. Later, he helped design and build the first Aswan dam and he was born in Keyford, which is now part of Frome, Somerset in 1840, the son of Benjamin Baker, principal assistant at Tondu Ironworks, and Sarah Hollis. He was educated at Cheltenham Grammar School and, at the age of 16, became an apprentice at Messrs Price, after his apprenticeship he spent two years as an assistant to Mr. W. H. Wilson. Later, he associated with Sir John Fowler in London. He took part in the construction of the Metropolitan Railway and he was also a key expert witness in the Tay rail bridge disaster of 1879. He designed the vessel in which Cleopatras Needle, now standing on the Thames Embankment. He published a book on Long Railway Bridges in the 1870s which advocated the introduction of steel. The book is remarkably prescient for the way the properties of steel could be exploited in structures, in 1880, he was called as an expert witness to the inquiry into the Tay Rail Bridge disaster. Although he was acting on behalf of Thomas Bouch, the builder of the first railway bridge across the Tay, he performed his role with independence and his testimony was against the theory that the bridge was simply blown over by the wind that fateful night. He made a survey of structures at or near the bridge. Such smaller structures included walls, ballast on the track on the bridge and it was an almost unique design as a large cantilever bridge, and was built entirely in steel, another unprecedented development in bridge engineering. Stiffness was provided by hollow tubes which were riveted together so as to make sound joints, Baker promoted his design in numerous public lectures, and arranged demonstrations of the stability of the cantilever by using his assistants as stage props. With Sir John Fowler, he designed and engineered the Forth Bridge after the Tay bridge collapse and it was a cantilever bridge and Baker gave numerous lectures on the principles which lay behind his design. Thomas Bouch had originally been awarded the contract but he lost it after the Tay Bridge Inquiry reported in June 1880, the bridge was built entirely in steel, much stronger than cast iron. He used hollow steel tubes to create the cantilever, and it was then the largest bridge of its kind in the world, the bridge is regarded as an engineering marvel. It is 8,296 ft in length, and the track is elevated 151 feet above high tide
31.
Holy Trinity, Sloane Street
–
It replaced an earlier building only half its size which, at the time of its demolition, was less than 60 years old. The first church on the site was a Gothic construction of 1828–30 designed by James Savage, the west front, towards the street, had an entrance flanked by octagonal turrets topped with spires. Its seating capacity was recorded as 1,450 in 1838 and 1,600 in 1881 and it was originally intended as chapel of ease to the new parish church of St Luke, but was given its own parish, sometimes known as Upper Chelsea, in 1831. It was closed and demolished in 1888, and an iron church with a capacity of 800 was provided in Symons Street while a new building was under construction. The new building, the present Holy Trinity, was built on a scale to a design by John Dando Sedding. Though not the longest church in the London it was the widest, the internal fittings were the work of leading sculptors and designers of the day, including F. W. Pomeroy, H. H. Armstead, Onslow Ford and Hamo Thornycroft. Sedding died in 1891 and Henry Wilson took charge of the project to complete the decoration of the building to the original design. In part, he failed, for some of the glass was never installed, some of the internal sculpture or carving is still incomplete. In the 1920s the interior was whitened by F. C, eden, lightening the character and feel of the building considerably. The project to glaze the west window remains to be realised, the church was badly damaged by incendiary bombs in World War II but was restored more or less to its previous appearance by the early 1960s. The building now houses a congregation built during the ten years under the incumbency of Michael Eric Marshall. The connection with the world of the arts, not only represented in the building and its fittings but also in sponsorship and encouragement of artists. Trained as an actor, Gillion became Rector late in 2008 but was elected Bishop of Riverina, the diocese in western New South Wales. The current rector is Canon Nicholas Wheeler, who returned to England in 2015 following work in Rio de Janeiro, Holy Trinity had a reputation for Anglican church music from its early days, and for most of its history until the early 1970s. A full choir was maintained from the completion of the present building until the 1970s directed by leading musicians of their time. R. W. Cayless was organist and choirmaster from the early 1950s until 1972 and his 18 boys and 12 or more choirmen came from the local area. The adult voices were gleaned from the College of St Mark & St John in the Kings Road, the boys were mainly from local schools including Sir Walter St Johns Battersea. The services in those days were Sunday Choral Matins and full choral Evensong every Sunday, a local choral society directed by Lallemant has been formed and plans for the future include the return of a choir school
32.
J. D. Sedding
–
John Dando Sedding was an English church architect, working on new buildings and repair work, with an interest in a crafted Gothic style. He was a figure in the Arts and Crafts movement, many of whose leading designers including Ernest Gimson, Ernest Barnsley and Herbert Ibberson. The German architect and critic Hermann Muthesius said that he formed the first bridge between the camp and that of handicraft proper. Sedding was born in 1838, at Eton in Berkshire and he was the son of a village schoolmaster, who spent much of his youth in Derbyshire. He was fifteen when The Nature of Gothic first appeared in John Ruskins Stones of Venice, in 1858, like William Morris, Philip Webb and Norman Shaw before him, Sedding became a pupil of the Gothic Revival architect, George Edmund Street. His elder brother, Edmund Sedding, had trained as an architect with Street. Street had studied in the office of Sir Gilbert Scott, Sedding left Street in 1863 and by about 1865 he had joined his brother Edmund, who had set up as an architect in Penzance, Cornwall. The brothers shared an interest in music, and Edmund is remembered as the composer of the music for the hymn. Edmund suffered from tuberculosis and died young in 1868, Sedding moved first to Bristol, and then to London, though he always retained an affection for Cornwall, the West Country and country life. One of his first churches was the Anglo-Catholic St Martins at Marple in Cheshire completed in 1872, the interior was designed by William Morris with contributions from Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Ford Madox Brown, Edward Burne-Jones and William Holman Hunt. In 1873 Sedding designed St Clements Church Boscombe, Bournemouth, a grade one listed church, the reredos, high altar, candlesticks, church plate, pulpit, lectern, choir stalls, encaustic tiles, statue of St Clement and rood screen were all designed by the architect. In 1876 Sedding met Ruskin under whose influence he developed a freer Gothic style, Sedding encouraged his students to study old buildings at first hand, focusing on the practicalities of craft techniques. He was elected a member of the Art Workers Guild in 1884 and his other churches include St Clements, Boscombe, Dorset, and those at Holbeton and Ermington in Devon, and St Elwyns at Hayle in Cornwall. At All Saints Church, Falmouth, he unconventionally combined tall round-arched arcades with Gothic windows and he also gained a reputation in the West Country as a skilled repairer of old churches. His most notable work in the Bristol area is the so-called House of Charity, with picturesque detailing. He added a new vestry to St Marys Church, Stamford, in 1890, and was the architect of St Edwards Church in the Hampshire village of Netley Abbey and he carried out restorations at St. Levans Church, St. With Henry Wilson, he was commissioned by 6th Duke of Portland to create an extension to Welbeck Abbey to link the old building with the Riding School and he was also commissioned to build a Chapel, which was also completed by Wilson. Sedding died on 7 April 1891, at Winsford in Somerset, there is a memorial on the north wall of the Lady Chapel of Holy Trinity Sloane Street
33.
James A. Garfield Memorial
–
The James A. Garfield Memorial was built in memory of the 20th U. S. President, James A. Garfield, who was assassinated in 1881. The memorial is located at 12316 Euclid Avenue in Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland, the country grieved for his loss almost as much as they had done for Lincoln,16 years previously. In Washington,100,000 plus citizens visited his casket, part of the memorial’s funding came from pennies sent in by children throughout the country. The caskets of the President and Lucretia Garfield lie in a crypt beneath the memorial, along with the ashes of their daughter, the tomb was designed by architect George Keller utilizing Ohio sandstone, with reliefs depicting scenes from Garfields life. The exterior sculptures were done by Caspar Buberl and its construction began in 1885, and it was dedicated on May 30,1890. Its cost, $135,000, was defrayed by popular subscription, the round tower is 50 feet in diameter and 180 feet high. The interior features stained glass windows, mosaics, and a 12-foot -tall marble statue of President Garfield by Alexander Doyle, an observation deck provides views of downtown Cleveland and Lake Erie. The monument was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 and it is open to the public daily from April 1 through November 19 from 9am to 4pm. Historic images from the Cleveland Memory Project
34.
Lake View Cemetery
–
Lake View Cemetery is on the east side of Cleveland, Ohio, along the East Cleveland and Cleveland Heights borders. More than 104,000 people are buried at Lake View, there are 70 acres remaining for future development. Lake View Cemetery was founded in 1869 and sits on 285 acres of land, the cemetery is so named because it is partially located in the heights area of Greater Cleveland, with a view of Lake Erie to the north. It was modeled after the great cemeteries of Victorian-era England. The Italian stonemasons brought in to create the Cemetery founded the Cleveland neighborhood of Little Italy just to its southwest, the James A. Garfield Memorial is the most prominent point of interest at Lake View Cemetery. The ornate interior features a marble statue, stained glass, bas relief. The monument also serves as an observation deck and picnic area. President and Mrs. Garfield are entombed in the lower level crypt, their coffins placed side by side, another prominent structure in the cemetery is the Wade Chapel. Behind the chapel is a large pond, a smaller and very well-known memorial, the Angel of Death Victorious at the gravesite of the Haserot family, was created by sculptor Herman Matzen. The cemetery is among those profiled in the 2005 PBS documentary A Cemetery Special, scenes of the film, Captain America, The Winter Soldier, were filmed at the cemetery. John D. Henry Alden Sherwin was one of the two founders of the Sherwin-Williams Company in 1866, the company was created in part by both Sherwin and Edward Porter Williams. Stokes argued Terry v Ohio Stop and Frisk Carl B, stokes, Mayor of Cleveland, United States ambassador, first African American elected mayor of a major American city Amasa Stone. Official website Lake View Cemetery at Find a Grave
35.
Cleveland
–
Cleveland is a city in the U. S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the states second most populous county. The city proper has a population of 388,072, making Cleveland the 51st largest city in the United States, Greater Cleveland ranked as the 32nd largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 2,055,612 people in 2016. The city is the center of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, the city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles west of the Pennsylvania border. Clevelands economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Residents of Cleveland are called Clevelanders, Cleveland has many nicknames, the oldest of which in contemporary use being The Forest City. Cleaveland oversaw the plan for what would become the downtown area, centered on Public Square, before returning home. The first settler in Cleaveland was Lorenzo Carter, who built a cabin on the banks of the Cuyahoga River, the Village of Cleaveland was incorporated on December 23,1814. In spite of the swampy lowlands and harsh winters, its waterfront location proved to be an advantage. The area began rapid growth after the 1832 completion of the Ohio, growth continued with added railroad links. Cleveland incorporated as a city in 1836, in 1836, the city, then located only on the eastern banks of the Cuyahoga River, nearly erupted into open warfare with neighboring Ohio City over a bridge connecting the two. Ohio City remained an independent municipality until its annexation by Cleveland in 1854, the citys prime geographic location as a transportation hub on the Great Lakes has played an important role in its development as a commercial center. Cleveland serves as a point for iron ore shipped from Minnesota. In 1870, John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil in Cleveland, other manufacturers located in Cleveland produced steam-powered cars, which included White and Gaeth, as well as the electric car company Baker. Because of the significant growth, Cleveland was known as the Sixth City during this period, by 1920, due in large part to the citys economic prosperity, Cleveland became the nations fifth largest city. The city counted Progressive Era politicians such as the populist Mayor Tom L. Johnson among its leaders, many prominent Clevelanders from this era are buried in the historic Lake View Cemetery, including President James A. Garfield, and John D. Rockefeller. In commemoration of the centennial of Clevelands incorporation as a city, conceived as a way to energize a city after the Great Depression, it drew four million visitors in its first season, and seven million by the end of its second and final season in September 1937. The exposition was housed on grounds that are now used by the Great Lakes Science Center, following World War II, the city experienced a prosperous economy. In sports, the Indians won the 1948 World Series, the hockey Barons became champions of the American Hockey League, as a result, along with track and boxing champions produced, Cleveland was dubbed City of Champions in sports at this time
36.
George Keller (architect)
–
George Keller, was an American architect and engineer. He enjoyed a diverse and successful career, and was sought for his designs of bridges, houses, monuments, Kellers most famous projects, however, are the Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Arch in Hartford, Connecticut, and the James A. Garfield Memorial in Cleveland, Ohio. He was born on December 15,1842 in Cork in Ireland to Thomas Keller, Keller emigrated with his family to New York City as a child. Irish immigrants were at the time considered inferior, and during his early years Keller endured a considerable measure of hardship and discrimination. Lacking connections and unable to obtain schooling in Europe like many of his peers, an ambitious nature. As a young man, he accepted employment with an Irish architect in Washington, D. C. and this was the beginning of a lifelong friendship between the two. Keller’s association with Wight introduced him to the philosophy of John Ruskin and to serious architectural study. Though Keller planned to join the Union Army, a dry inkwell prevented him from signing the enlistment papers, choosing to see this as an ill omen, he gladly accepted an engineering position with the Brooklyn Navy Yard instead. Moving to Hartford at the end, he took a job designing monuments. In 1903 Keller became the 3rd architect to work on the Christ Church Cathedral in Hartford and he based his contribution to the design on the York Cathedral, from which Ithiel Town, the original architect, had drawn inspiration. The postwar building boom brought Keller to national prominence, monuments of this type typically consisted of a cylindrical column, or shaft, surmounted by an allegorical female figure, usually Victory, with four sculpted figures surrounding the base. In contrast, Kellers Hartford monument, an eclectic Romanesque construction dedicated in 1886, was “perhaps the first permanent triumphal arch in the United States. ”One of the arch’s most striking elements is a frieze featuring life-size figures carved by Bohemian-born sculptor Caspar Buberl. The north side of the frieze was carved by English-born sculptor Samuel James Kitson, the Memorial Arch was built as a gateway to the pre-existing Park River Bridge, which was renamed the Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Bridge. The bridge has since demolished, the river arched over and buried. Kellers involvement with the James A. Garfield Memorial in Cleveland began after he submitted a design to the trustees of the Garfield National Memorial Committee. To this end during the autumn of 1883 the committee sponsored a competition in which Keller took part. The competition promised a prize of $1,000 to the design, thus attracting not only American. To judge the submissions, the committee obtained the assistance of Boston architect Henry van Brunt, both van Brunt and Vaux ultimately chose Kellers design, and he was awarded the commission on June 24,1884
37.
Westminster
–
Westminster is an area of central London within the City of Westminster, part of the West End, on the north bank of the River Thames. Historically the area lay within St Margarets parish, City & Liberty of Westminster and it has been the home of the permanent institutions of Englands government continuously since about 1200 and is now the seat of British government. In a government context, Westminster often refers to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the closest tube stations are Westminster, St Jamess Park on the Jubilee, Circle, and District lines. Within the area is Westminster School, a public school which grew out of the Abbey. Bounding Westminster to the north is Green Park, a Royal Park of London, the area has a substantial resident population, indeed most of its listed buildings are residential. A proportion of residents are people of limited means, living in council, hotels, large Victorian homes and barracks exist nearer to Buckingham Palace. The name describes an area no more than 1 mile from Westminster Abbey, the settlement grew up around the palace and abbey, as a service area for them. The need for a church, St Margarets Westminster for the servants of the palace. It became larger and in the Georgian period became connected through urban development with the City along the Strand. It did not become a local government unit until created as a civil parish. Indeed, the Cathedral and diocesan status of the church lasted only from 1539 to 1556, as such it is first known to have had two Members of Parliament in 1545 as a new Parliamentary Borough, centuries after the City of London and Southwark were enfranchised. The historic core of Westminster is the former Thorney Island on which Westminster Abbey was built, the abbey became the traditional venue of the coronation of the kings and queens of England from that of Harold Godwinson onwards. From about 1200, near the abbey, the Palace of Westminster became the royal residence, marked by the transfer of royal treasury. Later the palace housed the developing Parliament and Englands law courts, thus London developed two focal points, the City of London and Westminster. The monarchs later moved to St James Palace and the Palace of Whitehall a little towards the north-east, the main law courts have since moved to the Royal Courts of Justice. The Westminster area formed part of the City and Liberty of Westminster in Middlesex, the ancient parish was St Margaret, after 1727 this became the civil parish of St Margaret and St John, the latter a new church required for the increasing population. The area around Westminster Abbey formed the extra-parochial Close of the Collegiate Church of St Peter surrounded by —, until 1900 the local authority was the combined vestry of St Margaret and St John, which was based at Westminster City Hall in Caxton Street from 1883. The Liberty of Westminster, governed by the Westminster Court of Burgesses, also included St Martin in the Fields, Westminster had its own quarter sessions, but the Middlesex sessions also had jurisdiction
38.
Edward Goldie
–
Edward Goldie was an English ecclesiastical architect who was notable for building Roman Catholic churches mainly in the form of Gothic Revival architecture. He was the son of George Goldie and he was born in Sheffield in 1856. He went to school at Ushaw College in County Durham, as his father had previously done, in 1875, he was articled to Goldie & Child. It was a firm which his father ran with Charles Edwin Child. After his apprenticeship ended in 1880, he remained at the firm as a partner, so it became Goldie, from 1893, Edward ran the firm on his own. In 1913, he was joined by his son, Joseph Goldie, Edward Goldies son, Joseph Goldie, followed in the steps of his father and grandfather and became an ecclesiastical architect designing churches for the Roman Catholic church. Joseph Goldie, with his father, were the architects for St John the Evangelist Church in Horsham and his works include, St Jamess, Spanish Place, London, completed in 1890. Church of Our Most Holy Redeemer and St Thomas More, Chelsea, London, St Thomas a Becket, Wandsworth, London, completed in 1895. Ashorne Hill House, Newbold Pacey, Warwickshire, built from 1895 to 1897, hawkesyard Priory, Staffordshire, built from 1896 to 1914. St Albans Church, Larkhill, Lancashire, built from 1900 to 1901, St Peter and St Paul Church, Wolverhampton, extension built in 1901. Our Lady of England Priory, Storrington, West Sussex, built from 1904 to 1905, St Georges Retreat, Burgess Hill, built from 1905 to 1906. St Cecilias Abbey, Ryde, Isle of Wight, completed in 1907, St John the Evangelist Church, Horsham, West Sussex, built from 1919 until 1923. Church of Our Lady and St Peter, Leatherhead
39.
Cleveland Arcade
–
The Arcade in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, is a Victorian-era structure of two nine-story buildings, joined by a five-story arcade with a glass skylight spanning over 300 feet, along the four balconies. Erected in 1890, at a cost of $867,000, the Arcade opened on Memorial Day, the Arcade was modified in 1939, remodeling the Euclid Avenue entrance and adding some structural support. The Arcade was built in 1890 by Detroit Bridge Co. run by Stephen V. Harkness and it is a unique architectural treasure of 19th century urban America. Designed by John Eisenmann, the Arcade is one of the few remaining arcades of its kind in the United States. Modeled after the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II located in Milan, the Arcade comprises two towers with a skylight,100 feet high, made of 1,800 panes of glass spanning over 300 feet. The construction was financed by John D. Rockefeller, Marcus Hanna, brush and several other wealthy Clevelanders of the day. The Arcade is a cross between a court and a commercial shopping street. The building is a complex of three structures, two office buildings facing out to Euclid and Superior Avenues, connected via the five-story iron-and-glass-enclosed arcade. The Richardsonian arched entrance along Superior Avenue is original, but the Euclid Avenue front was remodeled in 1939 by the firm of Walker and Weeks. The level of the Superior Avenue entrance is about 12 feet lower than the Euclid entrance, since Euclid and Superior avenues are not parallel, a passage leads, at a 23-degree angle, off the Euclid entrance to a rotunda at the southern end of the Arcade. The arcade itself is a 300-foot -long covered light court, ringed by four levels of balconies, the vertical lines of the columns, rising nearly 100 feet to the glass roof, create a spacious domed interior. In 2001, the Hyatt corporation redeveloped the Arcade into Clevelands first Hyatt Regency hotel, the Hyatt Regency occupies the two towers and the top three floors of the atrium area. The two lower floors of the area remain open to the public with retail merchants and a food court. In addition, the Hyatts lobby and offices are located near the Superior Avenue entrance and that same year, the skylight was also replaced. Burlington Arcade Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II Paddock Arcade Passage des Panoramas Queen Victoria Building Westminster Arcade The Arcade Images and architectural information
40.
John Eisenmann
–
John Eisenmann, was an architect in Cleveland, Ohio. As part of Eisenmann & Smith he designed the Cleveland Arcade in downtown Cleveland and he also designed Case Western Universitys Main building and was the schools first professor of civil engineering. Eisenmann is also credited with designing the flag of Ohio in 1902, the arcade was erected in 1890, at a cost of $867,000. It opened on Memorial Day and is an example of Victorian architecture and it includes a glass skylight spanning 300 feet along the four balconies. The arcade is identified as the first indoor shopping mall in the United States, and was built by Detroit Bridge Co. run by Stephen V. Harkness. It is one of the few remaining arcades of its kind in the United States. Modeled after the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II located in Milan, the Arcade comprises two towers with a skylight,100 feet high, made of 1,800 panes of glass spanning over 300 feet. The construction was financed by John D. Rockefeller, Marcus Hanna, brush and several other wealthy Clevelanders of the day. The Arcade was modified in 1939, with remodeling of the Euclid Avenue entrance, the Richardsonian arched entrance along Superior Avenue is original but the Euclid Avenue front was remodeled in 1939 by the firm of Walker and Weeks. Vertical lines of the columns rise nearly 100 feet to the glass roof, in 2001, the Hyatt corporation redeveloped the Arcade into Clevelands first Hyatt Regency hotel. The Hyatt Regency occupies the two towers and the top three floors of the atrium area, the two lower floors of the atrium area remain open to the public with retail merchants and a food court. In addition, the Hyatts lobby and offices are located near the Superior Avenue entrance, Cleveland Arcade with Eisenmann & Smith Cinecraft Building,2515 Franklin Blvd. Esmond Apartment Building,4806 Euclid Ave, Ohio Building at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition John Eisenmann
41.
Fifth Avenue
–
Fifth Avenue is a major thoroughfare going through the borough of Manhattan in New York City, United States. It stretches from West 143rd Street in Harlem to Washington Square North at Washington Square Park in Greenwich Village and it is considered among the most expensive and best shopping streets in the world. The lower stretch of Fifth Avenue extended the stylish neighborhood of Washington Square northwards, Fifth Avenue is the central scene in Edith Whartons 1920 Pulitzer Prize winning novel The Age of Innocence. The novel describes New Yorks social elite in the 1870s and provides context to Fifth Avenue. Originally a narrower thoroughfare, much of Fifth Avenue south of Central Park was widened in 1908, the midtown blocks, now famously commercial, were largely a residential district until the start of the 20th century. In 1906 his department store, B. Altman and Company, the result was the creation of a high-end shopping district that attracted fashionable women and the upscale stores that wished to serve them. Lord & Taylors flagship store is located on Fifth Avenue near the Empire State Building. In the 1920s traffic towers controlled important intersections from 14th to 59th Streets, traffic crosses the river on the Madison Avenue Bridge. Fifth Avenue serves as the line for house numbering and west-east streets in Manhattan. It separates, for example, East 59th Street from West 59th Street, the most expensive street in the world moniker changes depending on currency fluctuations and local economic conditions from year to year. For several years starting in the mid-1990s, the district between 49th and 57th Streets was ranked as having the worlds most expensive retail spaces on a cost per square foot basis. In 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Fifth Avenue as being the most expensive street in the world, some of the most coveted real estate on Fifth Avenue are the penthouses perched atop the buildings. The American Planning Association compiled a list of 2012 Great Places in America and this historic street has many world-renowned museums, businesses and stores, parks, luxury apartments, and historical landmarks that are reminiscent of its history and vision for the future. Below is a list of sites on Fifth Avenue with their designation dates,500 Fifth Avenue Building – December 14,2010 Aeolian Building – – December 10,2002 George W. It recognizes structures, buildings, sites, and districts associated with important events, people, Fifth Avenue from 142nd Street to 135th Street carries two-way traffic. Fifth Avenue carries one-way traffic southbound from 135th Street to Washington Square North, the changeover to one-way traffic south of 135th Street took place on January 14,1966, at which time Madison Avenue was changed to one way uptown. From 124th Street to 120th Street, Fifth Avenue is cut off by Marcus Garvey Park, Fifth Avenue is one of the few major streets in Manhattan along which streetcars did not operate. Instead, Fifth Avenue Coach offered a more to the taste of fashionable gentlefolk
42.
New York City
–
The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
43.
James Renwick Jr.
–
James Renwick Jr. was an American architect in the 19th century. The Encyclopedia of American Architecture calls him one of the most successful American architects of his time, Renwick was born into a wealthy and well-educated family. His mother, Margaret Brevoort, was from a wealthy and socially prominent New York family and his father, James Renwick, was an engineer, architect, and professor of natural philosophy at Columbia College, now Columbia University. His two brothers were also engineers, Renwick is buried in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York, with his wife and father. Renwick was not formally trained as an architect and he learned the skills from his father. He studied engineering at Columbia, entering at age twelve and graduating in 1836 and he received an M. A. three years later. In 1846 Renwick won the competition for the design of the Smithsonian Institution Building in Washington and it was a major influence in the Gothic revival in the United States. In 1849, Renwick designed the Free Academy Building, New York City, at Lexington Avenue and it was one of the first Gothic Revival college buildings on the East Coast. Renwick went on to design what is considered his finest achievement and he was chosen as architect for the cathedral in 1853, construction began in 1858, and the cathedral opened in May 1879. The cathedral is the most ambitious essay in Gothic that the revival of the produced and is a mixture of German, French. Another of the prominent buildings Renwick designed was the Corcoran Gallery of Art, in the Second Empire style, Renwick is revered in Ipswich, Massachusetts, as the architect who designed Ascension Memorial Church, whose cornerstone was laid in October 1869. Renwick also designed the first chapter house of St. Anthony Hall/Delta Psi, in 1879, The New York Tribune called it French Renaissance, but the stumpy pilasters and blocky detailing suggest the Neo-Grec style then near the end of its popularity. In 1899 the fraternity moved to a new house on Riverside Drive. At that time a newspaper account described it as a perfect Bijou of tasteful decoration, Renwick was also supervising architect for the Commission of Charities and Correction. A small group of Renwicks architectural drawings and papers are held by the Avery Architectural, Renwick was also the designer of the bell tower of the Cathedral Basilica of St. Augustine, Florida. The work was commissioned by Standard Oil partner Henry M. Flagler who was building luxury hotels in the city at the time. Renwick and his wife Anna Aspinwall lived and owned property in the area of St. Augustine on Anastasia Island. In the Spring of 1890, Renwick listened to Franklin W. Smith deliver a speech to support for his Design
