1.
Michigan Wolverines football
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The Michigan Wolverines football program represents the University of Michigan in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. Michigan has the most all-time wins and the highest winning percentage in college football history, Michigan began competing in intercollegiate football in 1879. The Wolverines joined the Big Ten Conference at its inception in 1896, Michigan has won or shared 42 league titles, and, since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936, has finished in the top 10 a total of 37 times. The Wolverines claim 11 national championships, most recently that of the 1997 squad voted atop the final AP Poll. From 1900 to 1989, Michigan was led by a series of nine head coaches, Fielding H. Fritz Crisler brought his winged helmet from Princeton University in 1938 and led the 1947 Wolverines to a national title and Michigans second Rose Bowl win. Bo Schembechler coached the team for 21 seasons in which he won 13 Big Ten titles and 194 games, a program record. Following Schembechlers retirement, the program was coached by two of his assistants, Gary Moeller and then Lloyd Carr, who maintained the programs overall success over the next 18 years. However, the programs fortunes declined under the two coaches, Rich Rodriguez and Brady Hoke, who were both fired after relatively short tenures. Following Hokes dismissal, Michigan hired Jim Harbaugh on December 30,2014, Harbaugh is a former quarterback of the team, having played for Michigan between 1982 and 1986 under Schembechler. The Michigan Wolverines have featured 78 players that have garnered consensus selection to the College Football All-America Team, Three Wolverines have won the Heisman Trophy, Tom Harmon in 1940, Desmond Howard in 1991, and Charles Woodson in 1997. Gerald Ford, who would become the 38th President of the United States. On May 30,1879, Michigan played its first intercollegiate game against Racine College at White Stocking Park in Chicago. The Chicago Tribune called it the first rugby-football game to be played west of the Alleghenies, midway through the first inning, Irving Kane Pond scored the first touchdown for Michigan. According to Will Perrys history of Michigan football, the crowd responded to Ponds plays with cheers of Pond Forever, in 1881, Michigan played against Harvard in Boston. The game that marked the birth of inter-sectional football, on their way to a game in Chicago in 1887, Michigan players stopped in South Bend, Indiana and introduced football to students at the University of Notre Dame. A November 23 contest marked the inception of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football program, in 1894, Michigan defeated Cornell, which was the first time in collegiate football history that a western school defeated an established power from the east. By 1898 Amos Alonzo Stagg was fast at work at turning the University of Chicago football program into a powerhouse. Before the final game of the 1898 season, Chicago was 9–1–1 and Michigan was 9–0, Michigan won, 12–11, capturing the programs first conference championship in a game that inspired The Victors, which later became the schools fight song
2.
Frank Barbour
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Francis Edward Frank Barbour was an American football player, coach, and businessman. He played quarterback for the Yale University football team in 1890 and 1891 and helped lead the 1891 Yale team to a perfect 13–0 record and a national championship. He was the coach of the University of Michigan football team in 1892 and 1893. Barbour later had a business career. After spending 17 years with the New York Central Railroad, he joined the Beech-Nut Packing Company in 1910 and he remained with Beech-Nut for 38 years and served as chairman of the board from 1946 to 1948. Barbour was born in Bangor, Maine in 1870 and his father, William McLeod Barbour, was a minister who emigrated from Scotland to the United States in 1851, and became a professor of theology at Yale University. His mother was Eliza A. Barbour, a native of New York, at the time of the 1880 Census, Barbour was ten years old and residing in New Haven, Connecticut with his parents and four older siblings. Barbour attended the schools in New Haven, and subsequently enrolled at the Phillips Exeter Academy. He was the captain of Exeters football team in 1888, Barbour attended Yale University and graduated Ph. B. at Yales Sheffield Scientific School in 1892. While at Yale, he was the quarterback of the Yale Bulldogs football teams of 1890 and 1891, the 1891 Yale team was coached by Walter Camp and included College Football Hall of Fame inductees, Pudge Heffelfinger, Frank Hinkey, Josh Hartwell and Lee McClung. With Barbour as the quarterback, the 1891 team finished with a perfect 13–0 record. In November 1891, The New York Times wrote, Barbour has made great improvements since last year and he is cool, passes well and sure, uses his signals to good advantage and is an excellent player. He is considered a superior player to the Harvard quarterback. In 1892, Barbour was hired as the football coach at the University of Michigan. He was the second head football coach. In the three years before Barbours arrival, Michigan had played a total of 17 games, as the coach of the 1892 Michigan Wolverines football team, Barbour expanded the teams schedule to twelve games and took the team on its first extended road trip to the West. Over the course of a period from October 15 to 29,1892, Barbours team played five road games against Wisconsin, Minnesota, DePauw, Purdue. The 1892 team also defeated Chicago, 18–10, in a game played at Toledo, Ohio, Barbour returned the following year as the coach of the 1893 Michigan Wolverines football team
3.
George Dygert
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George Burlingame Dygie Dygert was an American football player and lawyer. Dygert played college football for the University of Michigan for five years from 1890 to 1894 and was captain of the 1892 and 1893 teams. He played professional football for the Butte, Montana football team in 1896 and 1897 and practiced law in Butte, Dygert was born on November 25,1870 and raised in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He attended Ann Arbor High School where he played two years on the schools football team, including one year as the teams captain. Dygert enrolled at the University of Michigan and played five years at the fullback and halfback positions for the Michigan Wolverines football team from 1890 to 1894, the 1890 Michigan team photograph shows Dygert and Jewett seated next to each other. He is short and thickset, having 158 pounds of muscle attached to five feet seven and he tackles low and hard and can be found at the bottom of almost every heap. Dygert was elected as the captain of the 1892 and 1893 Michigan football teams that compiled records of 7–5 and 7–3. He was also one of the leaders of the 1894 team that compiled a record of 9–1–1, the work of both these enthusiasts can be seen in the practice of the team from day to day. At a mass meeting held last month great enthusiasm was shown by the students, thus, for the first time in the history of Michigan football, the manager was enabled to secure the necessary equipment for a first-class eleven. Lack of money has been the cry hitherto, Dygert received his bachelors degree in 1893 and thereafter remained at the university for two more years as a law student. Everybody knows of Mr. Dygert, otherwise known as Dygie, Mr. Dygert is one of the strongest athletes in his class, and as a football player he stands at the head of the college list. In outdoor life he has one of the most prominent members of the senior class from the beginning to the end of its course. As early as June 1893, Dygert has stated his intention of migrating to the wooly west, after completing his legal studies at Ann Arbor, Dygert moved to Butte, Montana. In March 1896, The Michigan Alumnus reported that he had admitted to the bar at Butte. His law practice in Butte specialized in mining law, in addition to his law practice, Dygert also played professional football for a team in Butte that was sponsored by mine owners. He played halfback for the Butte team in 1896 and 1897, the Los Angeles Times called the Buttes the best football team in the West in 1896, as they defeated the Denver Athletic Club 20–0 and the San Francisco Olympics 18–0. The Times called Buttes Christmas Day victory in San Francisco perhaps the best football game put up in the West. On Thanksgiving Day in 1897, the Butte football team defeated the highly regarded Oakland Reliance team 6–4 in front of 2,000 spectators in Butte, the Associated Press account of the game credited Dygert with tearing great holes through the Reliance line
4.
Regents Field
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Ferry Field was the home field for the University of Michigan football team from 1893 to 1905. It was located along South State Street in Ann Arbor, Michigan, the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan authorized $3,000 in 1890 for the purchase of land to build a new football field. The following May, they added $4,500 more for the purpose of fitting up the athletic field, the facility was simply named the Athletic Field upon completion. The first home game at the Athletic Field was a 6–0 victory over the Detroit Athletic Club on October 7,1893, the following year in 1894, the Athletic Association change the name of the field to Regents Field, which it would be known as until 1902. In 1902, Detroit businessman Dexter M. Ferry donated the land north of Regents Field to the university. In June 1902, Regents Field was renamed Ferry Field, when it opened, Ferry Field had a single wooden bleacher section that seated 400 people. The bleachers burned down in 1895 and were replaced the year with a new covered grandstand seating 800. Because of the demand for tickets, additional open bleachers seating about 6,000 were built adjoining the covered grandstand, the Athletic Association also had one thousand circus seats and materials for sloping platforms which will permit 8,000 more people to view a football game. Bleachers were later constructed along the side of the field. The largest crowd ever at Ferry Field was for the second to last game at the old stadium, by one account,17,000 fans watched the Wolverines defeat Wisconsin in the 1905 homecoming game. In the 1890s a three dollar membership in the Athletic Association gained students admission to all athletic events, by 1904 a general admission ticket cost $3.00. Michigan compiled an record of 87–2–3 at Ferry Field from 1893 to 1905. Between 1901 and 1904, Fielding H. Yosts Point-a-Minute teams went 44–0 at Ferry Field, in 1904, the Wolverines beat the undefeated University of Chicago team at Ferry Field. Portions of the game and several shots of the field were filmed by the Edison Manufacturing Company in one of the earliest successful attempts to film a football game. Ferry Field Michigan Wolverines football Edison Film of 1904 Football Game at Regents Field, Part 1 Edison Film of 1904 Football Game at Regents Field, Part 2
5.
1892 Michigan Wolverines football team
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The 1892 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1892 college football season. The team, with Frank Barbour as head coach, compiled a 7–5 record, with 298 points scored, the team held the record for the most points scored in a single season by a Michigan football team until 1901. In April 1892, representatives of several Western colleges met at the Grand Pacific Hotel in Chicago where they formed the Western College Athletic League to compete in football, baseball and track. The members of the new league were the University of Wisconsin, University of Michigan, Northwestern University, the Western College Athletic League laid the foundation for what later became the Big Ten Conference. With the new alliance in place, Michigan played several teams that would become its long-time rivals, the 1892 season included Michigans first-ever games against Wisconsin, Minnesota, Northwestern, and Chicago. Before the season began, Michigan hired Frank Barbour of Yale as its new football coach. Twenty men showed up for practice in mid-September, Barbour spent weeks teaching his players the fundamentals of the game. George Jewett, the first African-American to play football at Michigan, was described as the phenomenon of the pre-season practice, after the 1892 season, it took 40 years before another African American played for the Michigan football team. On October 8,1892, Michigan opened its season with a 74–0 victory over the Michigan Athletic Association team from Detroit, the game was played in 25-minute halves at Regents Field in Ann Arbor. Michigan scored 36 points in the first half and 38 points in the second half, Michigans starting lineup in the game was Hayes, W. W. Griffin, Thomas, Harding, Tupper, Decke, Woodruff, Sanderson, Grosh, Jewett, and Dygert. Four days after the opener, Michigan traveled to Detroit for a Wednesday night game against the Michigan Athletic Association. Michigan scored seven touchdowns and five goals in the first half to take a 38-0 lead, the Wolverines added to their lead with five touchdowns, four goals, and a safety in the second half. The Michigan Athletic Association team was trained by Keene Fitzpatrick, who gained fame as the trainer and track coach at Michigan. Michigans starting lineup for the game was Hayes, W. W. Griffin, Thomas, Harding, Tupper, Decke, Woodruff, McAllister, Grosh, Jewett. Sanderson replaced McAllister at quarterback in the second half, on October 15,1892, Michigan began a five-game, 15-day road trip through Wisconsin, Minnesota, Indiana, and Illinois. The first game was the meeting between the Wolverines and the Wisconsin Badgers. The Wolverines won the game by a score of 10–6 at Madison, George Jewett accounted for six of Michigans points with a long touchdown run and a kick for goal in the first half. He set up Michigans second touchdown with a run in the second half
6.
1894 Michigan Wolverines football team
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The 1894 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1894 college football season. The team, with William McCauley as head coach, compiled a 9–1–1 record, the Wolverines played a home-and-away series with Cornell, losing at Ithaca and winning the second game in Detroit. The win over Cornell marked the first time in football history that a western school defeated an established power from the east. The Wolverines closed the season with a victory over Amos Alonzo Staggs University of Chicago Maroons, prior to the 1894 season, three individuals took charge of the Michigan football program—each of whom would play an important role in its development. The first was Charles A. Baird, manager of the team who later became Michigans first athletic director and was the person who hired Fielding H. Yost in 1901. In 1894, Baird hired William McCauley, who had played at the position on Princetons championship team in 1893. In two years as Michigans head coach, McCauley led the Wolverines to a 17-2-1 record, the third member of Michigans football triumvirate in 1894 was Keene Fitzpatrick, a nationally known track coach, who Baird hired as the football teams trainer. Bairds hiring of McCauley and Fitzpatrick led to a level of interest in the football team. The Michigan Alumnus described the impact of the new coaching staff, at a mass meeting held last month great enthusiasm was shown by students, and several hundred dollars was raised for the team. Thus, for the first time in the history of Michigan football, lack of money has been the cry hitherto. The Michigan football team opened the 1894 season on October 6,1894, the game was played at Regents Field and ended in a 12–12 tie. After the tie with the Michigan Military Academy, the Wolverines rolled to five consecutive by a score of 178 to 24. The first win of the season came against Albion College by a score of 26 to 10, the game was the 11th meeting between the Michigan and Adrian football teams with Michigan winning ten games and Albion winning one. As of 1894, Michigan had played games against Albion than any other team. On October 17,1894, Michigan defeated the team from Olivet College by a score of 48 to 0, the game was the second and final meeting between Michigan and Olivet. Michigan won the first game in 1891 by a score of 18 to 6, after lackluster performances in the first two games of the 1894 season, Michigan won convincingly over Olivet. The Detroit Free Press wrote that, following the lopsided win, Olivet gained positive yardage on only 10 plays in the entire game and gained the required five yards for a first down only three times. Michigan scored five touchdowns in the first half and four in the second half, Michigans touchdowns were scored by Henninger Ferbert, Villa, Richards, Leonard, and Yont
7.
University of Michigan
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The University of Michigan, frequently referred to simply as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817 in Detroit as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania,20 years before the Michigan Territory became a state, in 1821, the university was officially renamed the University of Michigan. It moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto 40 acres of what is now known as Central Campus, the University was a founding member of the Association of American Universities. Considered one of the foremost research universities in the United States, Michigans body of living alumni comprises more than 540,000 people, one of the largest alumni bases of any university in the world. Besides academic life, Michigans athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Wolverines. They are members of the Big Ten Conference, the University of Michigan was established in Detroit on August 26,1817 as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania, by the governor and judges of Michigan Territory. Judge Augustus B. Woodward specifically invited The Rev. John Monteith and Father Gabriel Richard, Monteith became its first President and held seven of the professorships, and Richard was Vice President and held the other six professorships. Concurrently, Ann Arbor had set aside 40 acres in the hopes of being selected as the state capital, but when Lansing was chosen as the state capital, the city offered the land for a university. What would become the university moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 thanks to Governor Stevens T. Mason, the original 40 acres was the basis of the present Central Campus. The first classes in Ann Arbor were held in 1841, with six freshmen, eleven students graduated in the first commencement in 1845. By 1866, enrollment increased to 1,205 students, many of whom were Civil War veterans, Women were first admitted in 1870. U-M also became the first American university to use the method of study. Among the early students in the School of Medicine was Jose Celso Barbosa, who in 1880 graduated as valedictorian and he returned to Puerto Rico to practice medicine and also served in high-ranking posts in the government. In 1920 the university reorganized the College of Engineering and formed a committee of 100 industrialists to guide academic research initiatives. The university became a choice for bright Jewish students from New York in the 1920s and 1930s. Because of its standards, U-M gained the nickname Harvard of the West. During World War II, U-Ms research supported military efforts, such as U. S. Navy projects in proximity fuzes, PT boats, and radar jamming. After the war, enrollment expanded rapidly and by 1950, it reached 21,000, as the Cold War and the Space Race took hold, U-M received numerous government grants for strategic research and helped to develop peacetime uses for nuclear energy
8.
Amos Alonzo Stagg
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Amos Alonzo Stagg was an American athlete and pioneering college coach in multiple sports, primarily American football. His Chicago Maroons teams of 1905 and 1913 have been recognized as national champions and he was also the head basketball coach for one season at the University of Chicago, and the head baseball coach there for 19 seasons. At the University of Chicago, Stagg also instituted an annual basketball tournament. Both drew the top school teams and athletes from around the United States. Stagg played football as an end at Yale University and was selected to the first College Football All-America Team in 1889. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as both a player and a coach in the class of 1951 and was the only individual honored in both roles until the 1990s. Influential in other sports, Stagg developed basketball as a five-player sport and this 5 man concept allowed his 10 man football team the ability to compete with each other and to stay in shape over the winter. Stagg was elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame in its first group of inductees in 1959, Stagg also forged a bond between sports and religious faith early on in his career that remained important to him for the rest of his life. Stagg was born in a poor Irish neighborhood of West Orange, New Jersey, Stagg attended Yale College, where he was a divinity student, and a member of the Psi Upsilon fraternity and Skull and Bones society. He played as a pitcher on his baseball team, he declined an opportunity to play for six different professional baseball teams. He nonetheless influenced the game through his invention of the batting cage, Stagg played on the 1888 team. He was an end on the first All-America team, selected in 1889 and he went on to earn an MPE from the Young Mens Christian Training School, now known as Springfield College. On March 11,1892, Stagg, still an instructor at the YMCA School, a crowd of 200 watched as the student team beat the faculty, 5–1. Stagg scored the basket for the losing side. He popularized basketball teams having five players and he later abandoned the theology career and received a MPE from Young Mens Christian Training School in 1891. Stagg became the first paid coach at Williston Seminary, a secondary school. This was also Staggs first time receiving pay to coach football and he would coach there one day a week while also coaching full-time at Springfield College. Stagg then coached at the University of Chicago from 1892 to 1932, University president Robert Maynard Hutchins forced out the septuagenarian Stagg, who he felt was too old to continue coaching
9.
Detroit Athletic Club
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The Detroit Athletic Club is a private social club and athletic club located in the heart of Detroits theater, sports, and entertainment district. It is located across the street from Detroits historic Music Hall, the clubhouse was designed by Albert Kahn and inspired by Romes Palazzo Farnese. It maintains reciprocal agreements for their members at other clubs worldwide. It contains full-service athletic facilities, pools, restaurants, ballrooms, members include businessmen of all types as well as professional athletes. Ty Cobb is among the athletes to have been a member of the DAC, the building is visible beyond center field from Comerica Park. The Detroit Athletic Club was founded in 1887 to encourage athletic activities. He felt that the rich new titans of the automobile industry spent too much time in the Woodward Avenue pubs. He thought they needed a club commensurate with this stature, on January 4,1913, Joy and 108 other leading Detroit citizens came together to reorient the Detroit Athletic Club. Joy and his colleagues selected Detroits most accomplished architect, Albert Kahn, Kahn, in 1912, had visited Italy and was inspired by the buildings he saw there. Two of Detroits most impressive current downtown edifices—the Detroit Athletic Club, in the 1990s, the membership devoted substantial fund to a major refurbishing of the attractive building. Over the years, the Detroit Athletic Club has provided financial assistance, at the 1956 U. S. Olympic Team Trials, springboard divers Jeanne Stunyo and Mackenzie High School graduate Barbara Gilders-Dudeck were sponsored by the DAC. Stunyo and Gilders-Dudeck qualified for the Summer Olympic Games in Melbourne, at the Games, Jeanne Stunyo won the springboard diving silver medal, and Barbara Gilders-Dudeck finished in fourth place - less than one point from a bronze medal. A. Duncan Carse created paintings to decorate the Detroit Athletic Club, the paintings were covered at the club but they were on show again after a remodeling of the club in 1999. List of American gentlemens clubs 1956 Summer Olympics Sports in Detroit Hill, AIA Detroit, The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture. Meyer, Katherine Mattingly and Martin C. P. McElroy with Introduction by W. Hawkins Ferry, cS1 maint, Multiple names, authors list Sobocinski, Melanie Grunow. Detroit and Rome, building on the past, regents of the University of Michigan
10.
Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Ann Arbor is a city in the U. S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Washtenaw County. The 2010 census recorded its population to be 113,934, the citys population was estimated at 117,070 as of July 2015 by the U. S. Census Bureau. The Ann Arbor Metropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Washtenaw County, the city is also part of the larger Detroit–Ann Arbor–Flint, MI Combined Statistical Area with a population of 5,318,744. Ann Arbor was founded in 1824, named for wives of the villages founders, the University of Michigan moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837, and the city grew at a rapid rate in the early to mid-20th century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as a center for left-wing politics, Ann Arbor became a focal point for political activism and anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as various student movements. Ann Arbor is home to the University of Michigan, one of the foremost research universities in the United States, the university shapes Ann Arbors economy significantly as it employs about 30,000 workers, including about 12,000 in the medical center. The citys economy is centered on high technology, with several companies drawn to the area by the universitys research and development infrastructure. In about 1774, the Potawatomi founded two villages in the area of what is now Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor was founded in 1824 by land speculators John Allen and Elisha Walker Rumsey. On 25 May 1824, the plat was registered with Wayne County as Annarbour. Allen and Rumsey decided to name it for their wives, both named Ann, and for the stands of Bur Oak in the 640 acres of land purchased for $800 from the federal government at $1.25 per acre. The local Ojibwa named the settlement kaw-goosh-kaw-nick, after the sound of Allens sawmill, Ann Arbor became the seat of Washtenaw County in 1827, and was incorporated as a village in 1833. The Ann Arbor Land Company, a group of speculators, set aside 40 acres of undeveloped land and offered it to the state of Michigan as the site of the state capital, but lost the bid to Lansing. In 1837, the property was accepted instead as the site of the University of Michigan, since the universitys establishment in the city in 1837, the histories of the University of Michigan and Ann Arbor have been closely linked. Throughout the 1840s and the 1850s settlers continued to come to Ann Arbor, while the earlier settlers were primarily of British ancestry, the newer settlers also consisted of Germans, Irish, and African-Americans. In 1851, Ann Arbor was chartered as a city, though the city showed a drop in population during the Depression of 1873. It was not until the early 1880s that Ann Arbor again saw robust growth, with new immigrants coming from Greece, Italy, Russia, Ann Arbor saw increased growth in manufacturing, particularly in milling. Ann Arbors Jewish community also grew after the turn of the 20th century, during the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as an important center for liberal politics. Ann Arbor also became a locus for left-wing activism and anti-Vietnam War movement, during the ensuing 15 years, many countercultural and New Left enterprises sprang up and developed large constituencies within the city
11.
Detroit
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Detroit is the most populous city in the U. S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state, the municipality of Detroit had a 2015 estimated population of 677,116, making it the 21st-most populous city in the United States. Roughly one-half of Michigans population lives in Metro Detroit alone, the Detroit–Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada–U. S. Border, has a population of about 5.7 million. Detroit is a port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States, the City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city Windsor are connected through a tunnel and various bridges, Detroit was founded on July 24,1701 by the French explorer and adventurer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac and a party of settlers. During the 19th century, it became an important industrial hub at the center of the Great Lakes region, with expansion of the American automobile industry in the early 20th century, the Detroit area emerged as a significant metropolitan region within the United States. The city became the fourth-largest in the country for a period, in the 1950s and 1960s, suburban expansion continued with construction of a regional freeway system. A great portion of Detroits public transport was abandoned in favour of becoming a city in the post-war period. Due to industrial restructuring and loss of jobs in the auto industry, between 2000 and 2010 the citys population fell by 25 percent, changing its ranking from the nations 10th-largest city to 18th. In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and this resulted from suburbanization, corruption, industrial restructuring and the decline of Detroits auto industry. In 2013, the state of Michigan declared an emergency for the city. Detroit has experienced urban decay as its population and jobs have shifted to its suburbs or elsewhere, conservation efforts managed to save many architectural pieces since the 2000s and allowed several large-scale revitalisations. More recently, the population of Downtown Detroit, Midtown Detroit, paleo-Indian people inhabited areas near Detroit as early as 11,000 years ago. In the 17th century, the region was inhabited by Huron, Odawa, Potawatomi, for the next hundred years, virtually no British, colonist, or French action was contemplated without consultation with, or consideration of the Iroquois likely response. When the French and Indian War evicted the Kingdom of France from Canada, the 1798 raids and resultant 1799 decisive Sullivan Expedition reopened the Ohio Country to westward emigration, which began almost immediately, and by 1800 white settlers were pouring westwards. By 1773, the population of Detroit was 1,400, by 1778, its population was up to 2,144 and it was the third-largest city in the Province of Quebec
12.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
13.
Little Brown Jug (college football trophy)
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The Little Brown Jug is an earthenware jug that serves as a trophy awarded to the winner of the game. It is one of the oldest and most played rivalries in American college football, both universities are founding members of the Big Ten Conference. As a result of the Big Ten not playing a complete schedule, Michigan. In 2011, with the initiation of divisional play, Michigan. However, when the conference expanded again three years later, the teams were split into opposite divisions. The conference stated there will be only one protected crossover matchup under the new alignment, Indiana vs. Purdue for the Old Oaken Bucket, Michigan is the current holder of the jug with a 29–26 victory on October 31,2015. Through the end of the 2015 season, Michigan leads the series, the teams met for the first time in 1892 in Minneapolis, with Minnesota prevailing 14–6. Michigan and Minnesota played five games over the next decade. The earthenware jug, originally used by Michigan coach Fielding H. Yost, is painted with the victories of each team, the name most likely originates in the 1869 song of the same name by Joseph Winner. After Yost took over coaching the Wolverines in 1901, the team went on to win 28 straight games, in the meantime, Minnesota assembled one of the best teams in school history, so Gopher fans were excited about possibly ending the Wolverines streak. When Yost and the team came into Minneapolis for the 1903 game, Yost was somewhat concerned that Gopher fans might contaminate his water supply. Roberts purchased a five-gallon jug for 30¢ from a variety store. Twenty thousand fans watched the matchup between the two teams in an overflowing Northrop Field, Minnesota held the fabled point-a-minute squad to just one touchdown, but hadnt yet managed to score a touchdown of their own. Finally, late in the half, the Gophers reached the endzone to tie the game at 6. As clouds from an impending storm hung overhead, pandemonium struck when Minnesota fans stormed the field in celebration, eventually the game had to be called with two minutes remaining. The Wolverines walked off the field, leaving the jug behind in the room of the University of Minnesota Armory. The next day custodian Oscar Munson brought the jug to L. J. Cooke, head of the Minnesota athletics department, exactly how Munson came to possess the jug is a bit of a mystery. Some accounts say that Munson purposely stole the jug in the chaos that ended the game, Thomas Roberts, writing in 1956, stated that the jug had served its purpose, so he intentionally left it sitting on the field
14.
Stuart Field
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Stuart Field was a stadium at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, United States. It was the field of the Purdue Boilermakers football team from 1892 until 1924 when Ross–Ade Stadium opened. Purdues baseball team continued to play at Stuart Field until 1939, the Elliott Hall of Music is located at Stuart Fields former site, while the west grand stand of the field was adjacent to the Purdue Armory. The field was dedicated on April 16,1892, and named for Charles B. and William V. Stuart, originally a seven-acre field with 800 seats, by the 1910s it was expanded to twice that area and a seating capacity of 5,000. Stuart Field was also used for events, including a biplane demonstration on June 13,1911. 1920s aerial photograph of Stuart Field and the Purdue Armory
15.
Lafayette, Indiana
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Lafayette is a city in and the county seat of Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States, located 63 miles northwest of Indianapolis and 105 miles southeast of Chicago. West Lafayette, on the side of the Wabash River, is home to Purdue University. Together, Lafayette and West Lafayette form the core of the Lafayette, according to the 2010 United States Census, the population of Lafayette was 67,140, roughly a 19% increase from 56,397 in 2000. Meanwhile, the 2010 U. S. Census pegged the population of West Lafayette at 29,596. When European explorers arrived at the area around what is now Tippecanoe County, in 1717, the French government established Fort Ouiatenon across the Wabash River and three miles south of present-day Lafayette. The fort became the center of trade for fur trappers, merchants, an annual reenactment and festival known as Feast of the Hunters Moon takes place there each autumn. The town of Lafayette was platted in May 1825 by William Digby and it was designated as the county seat of the newly formed Tippecanoe County the following year. Like many frontier towns, Lafayette was named for General Lafayette, Lafayette toured the United States in 1824 and 1825. In its earliest days, Lafayette was a center on the Wabash River. By 1845, Ellsworth had purchased 93,000 acres of farmland in and around Lafayette, by 1847 Ellsworth was distributing broadsides looking for farmers to purchase his farmland. Ellsworth Street and Ellsworth Historic District are named for the real estate developer. The Wabash and Erie Canal in the 1840s stimulated trade and affirmed Lafayettes regional prominence, railroads arrived in the town in the 1850s, connecting it with other major markets. The Monon Railroad connected Lafayette with other sections of Indiana, wise hoped to reach New York, however, weather conditions forced the balloon down near Crawfordsville, Indiana, and the mail reached its final destination by train. In 1959, the U. S. Postal Service issued a 7¢ airmail stamp commemorating the centennial of the event, Lafayette is located at 40°24′38″N 86°52′29″W and lies in Fairfield and Wea Townships. Elevation at the house is 550 feet, but city elevations range from a little over 500 feet at the Wabash River to approximately 700 feet in the areas of Murdock Park. According to the 2010 census, Lafayette has an area of 27.74 square miles. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.58 inches in February to 4.24 inches in June, as of the census of 2010, there were 67,140 people,28,545 households, and 15,863 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,420.3 inhabitants per square mile, there were 31,260 housing units at an average density of 1,126.9 per square mile
16.
DePauw Tigers football
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The DePauw Tigers football team is the American football program for DePauw University. DePauw is currently the 17th most winning program in Division III history and have been the co-champions of the SCAC four times, in 1933, head coach Ray Gaumey Neal led the DePauw Tigers football team to an unbeaten, untied, and unscored opening season. The Tigers compiled a 7-0-0 record and outscored their opponents 136-0, Neal nearly duplicated this feat in 1943, but DePauw, 5-0-1, finished the season with one scoreless tie and six points allowed in a different game. The only points surrendered that season were in a 39–6 victory over Indiana State, the Tigers outscored their opponents, 206-6
17.
Greencastle, Indiana
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Greencastle is a city in Greencastle Township, Putnam County, Indiana, United States, and the county seat of Putnam County. It was founded in 1821 by Ephraim Dukes on a land grant and he named the settlement for his hometown of Greencastle, Pennsylvania. Greencastle was a village or town operating under authority of the Putnam County commissioners until March 9,1849, Greencastle, Indiana, officially became a city after an election held on July 8,1861. The first mayor of Greencastle was E. R. Kercheval, the city became the county seat of Putnam County. The population was 10,326 at the 2010 census and it is located near Interstate 70 approximately halfway between Terre Haute and Indianapolis in the west-central portion of the state. Greencastle is well known as being the location of DePauw University, Public Schools Greencastles public schools are operated by the Greencastle Community School Corporation. Ridpath Primary School and Deer Meadow Primary School which each host kindergarten through 2nd grade, private Schools Peace Lutheran School is a private school in Greencastle, Indiana, which according to their website is an outreach of Peace Lutheran Church. It was founded in 1984 as a preschool, in 1995, kindergarten was added as a half-day program. The year 2002 marked the beginning of the Primary School with the addition of 5th grade, as of 2011, the school hosts grades kindergarten through 6th grade. Colleges and Universities DePauw University is a national liberal arts college. It was founded as Indiana Asbury University in 1837 as an all mens school. In 1867, Laura Beswick, Mary Simmons, Alice Allen, and Bettie Locke Hamilton, DePauw today has an enrollment of about 2400 students. Students hail from 42 states and 32 countries with a 20. 4% multicultural enrollment, dePauws liberal arts education gives students a chance to gain general knowledge outside of their direct area of study. DePauw consistently ranks among the top 50 liberal arts colleges in America in both U. S. News & World Report rankings and Kiplinger’s “best value” list. In a 2009 Center for College Affordability & Productivity ranking published in Forbes magazine, a 33,300 square foot, $8.6 million Ivy Tech campus was completed in 2009 in Greencastle. The Ivy Tech branch in Greencastle is also assisted financially by The Putnam County Community Foundation, other Educational Facilities Greencastle is the home of the Putnam County Public Library, a public library which serves patrons from Putnam County and surrounding counties. The Putnam County Public Library is a Carnegie Library and was built in 1903, in 1996, a large addition made the library what it is today. Greencastle also once had a municipal Carnegie library, which is now known as The William Weston Clarke Emison Museum of Art, the building was constructed in 1908
18.
Kansas City, Missouri
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Kansas City is the largest city in Missouri and the sixth largest city in the Midwest. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city had an population of 475,378 in 2015. It is the city of the Kansas City metropolitan area. Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west, on June 1,1850 the town of Kansas was incorporated, shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory. Confusion between the two ensued and the name Kansas City was assigned to them soon thereafter. Most of the city lies within Jackson County, but portions spill into Clay, Cass, along with Independence, it serves as one of the two county seats for Jackson County. Major suburbs include the Missouri cities of Independence and Lees Summit and the Kansas cities of Overland Park, Olathe, and Kansas City. The city is composed of neighborhoods, including the River Market District in the north, the 18th and Vine District in the east. Kansas City is also known for its cuisine, its craft breweries, Kansas City, Missouri was officially incorporated as a town on June 1,1850, and as a city on March 28,1853. The territory straddling the border between Missouri and Kansas at the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers was considered a place to build settlements. The Antioch Christian Church, Dr. James Compton House, the first documented European visitor to Kansas City was Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont, who was also the first European to explore the lower Missouri River. Criticized for his response to the Native American attack on Fort Détroit, Bourgmont lived with a Native American wife in a village about 90 miles east near Brunswick, Missouri, where he illegally traded furs. In the documents, he describes the junction of the Grande Riv des Cansez and Missouri River, French cartographer Guillaume Delisle used the descriptions to make the areas first reasonably accurate map. The Spanish took over the region in the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the French continued their fur trade under Spanish license. After the 1804 Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark visited the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers, in 1831, a group of Mormons from New York settled in what would become the city. They built the first school within Kansas Citys current boundaries, but were forced out by mob violence in 1833, in 1833 John McCoy established West Port along the Santa Fe Trail,3 miles away from the river. In 1834 McCoy established Westport Landing on a bend in the Missouri to serve as a point for West Port. Soon after, the Kansas Town Company, a group of investors, began to settle the area, in 1850, the landing area was incorporated as the Town of Kansas
19.
Stagg Field
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Amos Alonzo Stagg Field is the name of two different football fields for the University of Chicago. The earliest Stagg Field is probably best remembered for its role in a scientific achievement by Enrico Fermi during the Manhattan Project. The site of the first artificial nuclear reaction received designation as a National Historic Landmark on February 18,1965. On October 15,1966, which is the day that the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 was enacted creating the National Register of Historic Places, the site was named a Chicago Landmark on October 27,1971. A Henry Moore sculpture, Nuclear Energy, in a small quadrangle commemorates the location of the nuclear experiment, the Universitys current Stagg Field is located a few blocks away and reuses one of the original gates. Chicago Pile-1, the worlds first artificial nuclear reactor, was built under the west stands of Stagg Field, the first man-made self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction occurred on December 2,1942. The first Stagg Field was a stadium at the University of Chicago in Chicago and it was primarily used for college football games, and was the home field of the Maroons. Stagg Field originally opened in 1893 as Marshall Field, named after Marshall Field who donated land to the university to build the stadium, in 1913, the field was renamed Stagg Field after their famous coach Amos Alonzo Stagg. The final capacity, after several expansions, was 50,000. The University of Chicago discontinued its program after 1939 and left the Big Ten Conference in 1946. The stadium was demolished in 1957, and much of the site was re-utilized as the site of Regenstein Library. In addition to Maroons football, the stadium hosted other events. These include the 1936 US Olympic Trials for Track and Field held June 19–20,1936 and the NCAA Mens Track and Field Championships in 1921,1922,1923,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933, Northwestern also played a number home games at Stagg Field. At the turn of the 20th century, Northwestern was unable to handle large crowds, so they hosted then-powerhouse Minnesota at Marshall Field for a 1901 game, in 1925 Northwestern again was unable to accommodate large crowds, and as a result played two games at Stagg Field. The first was a win over Michigan. The second was an October 24 game against Tulane that had originally scheduled to be played at Soldier Field instead. Tulane won the game at Stagg Field 18-7, the University of Michigan fight song The Victors was written by Michigan music student Louis Elbel in 1898, following a 12-11 Michigan victory over the University of Chicago at Stagg Field. The current Stagg Field is a field located several blocks to the northwest that preserves the Stagg Field name
20.
Eastern Time Zone
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Places that use Eastern Standard Time when observing standard time are 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time. Eastern Daylight Time, when observing daylight saving time DST is 4 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time, in the northern parts of the time zone, on the second Sunday in March, at 2,00 a. m. EST, clocks are advanced to 3,00 a. m. EDT leaving a one-hour gap, on the first Sunday in November, at 2,00 a. m. EDT, clocks are moved back to 1,00 a. m, southern parts of the zone do not observe daylight saving time. The Uniform Time Act of 1966 ruled that daylight saving time would run from the last Sunday of April until the last Sunday in October in the United States, the act was amended to make the first Sunday in April the beginning of daylight saving time as of 1987. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States beginning in 2007. So local times change at 2,00 a. m. EST to 3,00 a. m. EDT on the second Sunday in March, in Canada, the time changes as it does in the United States. However, a handful of communities unofficially observe Eastern Time because they are part of the Columbus, Georgia metropolitan area – Phenix City, Smiths Station, Lanett, and Valley. Florida, All of Florida is in the Eastern Time zone except for the portion of the Florida Panhandle west of the Apalachicola River, as the Eastern–Central zone boundary approaches the Gulf of Mexico, it follows the Bay/Gulf county line. Indiana, All of Indiana observes Eastern Time except for six counties in the Chicago metropolitan area. Kentucky, Roughly, the half of the state, including all of metropolitan Louisville, is in the Eastern Time Zone. Historically the entire state observed Central Time, when daylight saving time was first introduced, the Lower Peninsula remained on DST after it formally ended, effectively re-aligning itself into the Eastern Time Zone. The Upper Peninsula continued to observe Central Time until 1972, when all, Tennessee, Most of the eastern third of Tennessee is legally on Eastern Time. Eastern Time is also used somewhat as a de facto official time for all of the United States, since it includes the capital and the largest city. Major professional sports leagues also post all game times in Eastern time, for example, a game time between two teams from Pacific Time Zone will still be posted in Eastern time. Most cable television and national broadcast networks advertise airing times in Eastern time, national broadcast networks generally have two primary feeds, an eastern feed for Eastern and Central time zones, and a tape-delayed western feed for the Pacific Time Zone. The prime time is set on Eastern and Pacific at 8,00 p. m. with the Central time zone stations receiving the eastern feed at 7,00 p. m. local time. Mountain Time Zone stations receive a separate feed at 7,00 p. m. local time, as Arizona does not observe daylight saving time, during the summer months, it has its own feed at 7,00 p. m. local time
21.
Coldwater, Michigan
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Coldwater is a city in the U. S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 10,945 and it is the county seat of Branch County, located in the center of the southern border of Michigan. The city is located at the center of Coldwater Township, the ZIP code is 49036 and the FIPS place code is 17020. The elevation is 969 feet above sea level, the area of Coldwater was originally inhabited by the Potawatomi at the time of European encounter. French Canadians and British had trading relationships with the Native Americans for years before settlement by European Americans, settlers did not move into the area until around 1830, with many arriving from New York and New England, the northern tier of states. Coldwater was incorporated as a village in 1837, and then incorporated by the legislature as a city in 1861 and it was designated in 1842 as the county seat of Branch County. The Coldwater River flows into the city from the south, originating from Coldwater Lake, the Coldwater chain of lakes also has an outlet called the Sauk River, which flows from its north end and then through the south side of the city of Coldwater. Both combine to form a series of shallow, connected lakes on the citys west side. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 8.27 square miles. National Weather Service records show that average January temperatures are a maximum of 28.9 °F, average July temperatures are a maximum of 81.4 °F and a minimum of 59.9 °F. There are an average of 8.5 days with highs of 90 °F or higher, the record high temperature of 115 °F was on July 12,2011, and the record low temperature was -23 °F on January 4,1981. There is measurable precipitation on an average of 142.1 days, the wettest year was 1905 with 46.12 inches and the dryest year was 1930 with 18.01 inches. The most precipitation in one month was 10.90 in May 1989, the most precipitation in 24 hours was 5.37 inches on June 26,1978. There is measurable snowfall on an average of 34.6 days, the snowiest season was 1977-78 when 84.8 inches fell, including 50.7 inches in January 1978. A blizzard that month included 17.0 inches of snow on January 26,1978, as of the census of 2010, there were 10,945 people,4,255 households, and 2,628 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,363.0 inhabitants per square mile, there were 4,827 housing units at an average density of 601.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 92. 5% White,0. 6% African American,0. 2% Native American,0. 8% Asian,3. 2% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 6. 6% of the population. 32. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 14. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.14
22.
James Baird (civil engineer)
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James Baird was an American civil engineer, football player and coach. He played football for the University of Michigan from 1892 to 1895 and was captain of the 1894 team and he was also an assistant football coach at Michigan from 1897 to 1898. He worked for the George A. Fuller Co. for 23 years and he later formed his own construction company called the James Baird Company. Baird directed the construction of important buildings, including the Flatiron Building, Lincoln Memorial, Arlington Memorial Amphitheater. Baird was born in Vanceburg, Kentucky and attended schools in Chicago, Illinois and Ann Arbor. His father, Lyman Beecher Baird, was an Ohio native who worked as a farmer, in the 1880 United States Census, Lyman Baird was identified as a grocer in Vanceburg. He also operated a store in Vanceburg that burned in the 1880s. His mother was Frances Amelia Baird, and he had an older brother Charles A. Baird and he enrolled at the University of Michigan where he played quarterback for the football team from 1892 to 1895. Baird played quarterback for the 1895 Michigan team that compiled an 8–1 record, won seven of their games by shutouts, the sole loss of the 1895 season was a 4–0 setback against the Harvard Crimson, then one of the three great football powers. Michigan finished the season with a 12–0 win over Western rival, undefeated against Western opponents, the 1895 Wolverines laid claim to the Western football championship. At the end of the 1895 season, one Chicago newspaper, Baird studied civil engineering at Michigan and received his bachelors degree in 1896. Bairds brother Charles A. Baird was the manager of the 1894 and 1895 football teams at Michigan, after graduating, Baird served as an assistant football coach at Michigan from 1897 to 1898, including the 1898 Michigan team that won the schools first Western Conference championship. As a coach he has been a wonderful success, no one who knows his record as a captain can doubt that he is a worker of miracles to whose power Michigans wonderful improvement is due. This year he left his business to rush back at the last moment to lick the team into shape for a victory, after graduating from Michigan, Baird had a successful career in the construction industry. He started as a timekeeper for the Guaranty Construction Co. of Chicago and then as an engineer for Moulton-Starrett Co. of Columbus, Ohio, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1899, Baird began a 23-year association with the George A. Fuller Co. a leading builder of skyscrapers, Baird began working for the Fuller Company in New York City and directed the erection of the Flatiron Building, the first steel-frame skyscraper in New York City. He moved to Boston in 1902 as the general superintendent. He was transferred to Washington, D. C. in 1904 as a district manager and he rose through the ranks of the company to become vice president in 1910 and president in May 1922
23.
Wilton Center, Illinois
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Wilton Center is an unincorporated community in southern Will County, Illinois, in the United States. It is located on flat land 10 miles northeast of Wilmington,5 miles south of Manhattan and 8 miles west of Peotone and it has a population of about 150. U. S. Route 52 goes through Wilton Center, other main roads are Cedar Rd. Peotone-Wilmington Rd. and Elevator Rd. Other roads in Wilton Center are Arsenal Rd. and Quigley Rd. Wilton Center is half surrounded by a forest preserve controlled by Will County, there is a church on Rt.52. Wilton Center is a part of Peotone School District 207-U, Wilton Center Elementary School was closed, after a 4-3 vote by the school board, upon the completion of the 2013-2014 school year. Richard J. Barr, Illinois State Senator, was born in Wilton Center
24.
St. Louis
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St. Louis is an independent city and major U. S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. Prior to European settlement, the area was a regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Laclède and Auguste Chouteau, in 1764, following Frances defeat in the Seven Years War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase, during the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States and it separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics, the economy of metro St. Louis relies on service, manufacturing, trade, transportation of goods, and tourism. This city has become known for its growing medical, pharmaceutical. St. Louis has 2 professional sports teams, the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball, the city is commonly identified with the 630-foot tall Gateway Arch in Downtown St. Louis. The area that would become St. Louis was a center of the Native American Mississippian culture and their major regional center was at Cahokia Mounds, active from 900 AD to 1500 AD. Due to numerous major earthworks within St. Louis boundaries, the city was nicknamed as the Mound City and these mounds were mostly demolished during the citys development. Historic Native American tribes in the area included the Siouan-speaking Osage people, whose territory extended west, European exploration of the area was first recorded in 1673, when French explorers Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette traveled through the Mississippi River valley. Five years later, La Salle claimed the region for France as part of La Louisiane. The earliest European settlements in the area were built in Illinois Country on the east side of the Mississippi River during the 1690s and early 1700s at Cahokia, Kaskaskia, migrants from the French villages on the opposite side of the Mississippi River founded Ste. In early 1764, after France lost the 7 Years War, Pierre Laclède, the early French families built the citys economy on the fur trade with the Osage, as well as with more distant tribes along the Missouri River. The Chouteau brothers gained a monopoly from Spain on the fur trade with Santa Fe, French colonists used African slaves as domestic servants and workers in the city. In 1780 during the American Revolutionary War, St. Louis was attacked by British forces, mostly Native American allies, the founding of St. Louis began in 1763. Pierre Laclede led an expedition to set up a fur-trading post farther up the Mississippi River, before then, Laclede had been a very successful merchant. For this reason, he and his trading partner Gilbert Antoine de St. Maxent were offered monopolies for six years of the fur trading in that area
25.
Gustave Ferbert
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Gustave Herman Ferbert, nicknamed Dutch, was first a player and then the head coach for the University of Michigan American football team. In 1898, his Michigan team went 10–0 and won the first Western Conference championship in the schools history and he left the University of Michigan in 1900 and spent nine years prospecting for gold in Alaska, finally striking it rich off claims he discovered in 1908 and 1909. Ferbert was born in 1873 to John C, Ferbert and Caroline Stlbbinger at Cleveland, Ohio. Ferbert played quarterback and right halfback for the University of Michigan from 1893 to 1896, during the four years Ferbert played, the Michigan team compiled an overall record of 33–4–1. In his senior year,1896, the team went 9–1, in a 20–0 victory over Minnesota, Ferbert scored two touchdowns. However, the team lost the game of the season to the University of Chicago, 7–6. The newspapers reported that Pingree was the thing for Michigan in the first half. Neither team resorted to trick plays, both relying on straight, hard football, toward the end of the second half, it got very dark, and the spectators were treated to a novelty in the shape of a football by electric light. In December 1896, Febert was unanimously selected as the captain of Michigans 1897 football team, Ferbert began his career as a football player in the Ann Arbor high school team. During a majority of the time he has played on the team he has acted as field captain, after his graduation, Ferbert was named as Michigans head football coach at age 22. In 1897, Ferberts team was 6–1–1 and finished third in the Western Conference, Ferberts team played to a scoreless tie against an Ohio Wesleyan team coached by Fielding H. Yost. Ferbert was Michigans head coach in the first match in The Michigan-Ohio State Game, on October 16,1897, the teams met at Regents Field in Ann Arbor, where Michigan won, 34–0. The Michigan Daily reported, Michigan had no trouble in defeating the Ohio State University representatives in Saturdays game, two halves of 20 and 15 minutes respectively were played and the score was 34-0. All the scoring took place in the first half, and the score would have much worse if Ferbert had wanted to run up a higher score. The 1898 Wolverines went 10–0 and won the Western Conference championship, the first great Michigan football team, the 1898 group outscored its opponents 205 to 26. In the first meeting with what would become Michigan State, Michigan prevailed 39–0, the team finished the season traveling to Chicago for a final game against Amos Alonzo Staggs University of Chicago team on November 24,1898. Led by All-American center, William Cunningham, Michigan came out on top, 12–11, a newspaper account described Michigans victory this way, The western football championship goes to Michigan. On a field that was perfect for fast football, and before a crowd of 12,000 the maroons of Chicago went down before the maize
26.
Cleveland
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Cleveland is a city in the U. S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the states second most populous county. The city proper has a population of 388,072, making Cleveland the 51st largest city in the United States, Greater Cleveland ranked as the 32nd largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 2,055,612 people in 2016. The city is the center of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, the city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles west of the Pennsylvania border. Clevelands economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Residents of Cleveland are called Clevelanders, Cleveland has many nicknames, the oldest of which in contemporary use being The Forest City. Cleaveland oversaw the plan for what would become the downtown area, centered on Public Square, before returning home. The first settler in Cleaveland was Lorenzo Carter, who built a cabin on the banks of the Cuyahoga River, the Village of Cleaveland was incorporated on December 23,1814. In spite of the swampy lowlands and harsh winters, its waterfront location proved to be an advantage. The area began rapid growth after the 1832 completion of the Ohio, growth continued with added railroad links. Cleveland incorporated as a city in 1836, in 1836, the city, then located only on the eastern banks of the Cuyahoga River, nearly erupted into open warfare with neighboring Ohio City over a bridge connecting the two. Ohio City remained an independent municipality until its annexation by Cleveland in 1854, the citys prime geographic location as a transportation hub on the Great Lakes has played an important role in its development as a commercial center. Cleveland serves as a point for iron ore shipped from Minnesota. In 1870, John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil in Cleveland, other manufacturers located in Cleveland produced steam-powered cars, which included White and Gaeth, as well as the electric car company Baker. Because of the significant growth, Cleveland was known as the Sixth City during this period, by 1920, due in large part to the citys economic prosperity, Cleveland became the nations fifth largest city. The city counted Progressive Era politicians such as the populist Mayor Tom L. Johnson among its leaders, many prominent Clevelanders from this era are buried in the historic Lake View Cemetery, including President James A. Garfield, and John D. Rockefeller. In commemoration of the centennial of Clevelands incorporation as a city, conceived as a way to energize a city after the Great Depression, it drew four million visitors in its first season, and seven million by the end of its second and final season in September 1937. The exposition was housed on grounds that are now used by the Great Lakes Science Center, following World War II, the city experienced a prosperous economy. In sports, the Indians won the 1948 World Series, the hockey Barons became champions of the American Hockey League, as a result, along with track and boxing champions produced, Cleveland was dubbed City of Champions in sports at this time
27.
Reserve, Montana
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Reserve is a census-designated place in Sheridan County, Montana, United States. The population was 23 at the 2010 census, reserve is located at 48°36′19″N 104°27′50″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 1.4 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 37 people,18 households, the population density was 26.9 people per square mile. There were 25 housing units at a density of 18.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97. 30% White and 2. 70% Native American, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 70% of the population. There were 18 households out of which 27. 8% had children under the age of 18 living with them,61. 1% were married couples living together, and 38. 9% were non-families. 33. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.06 and the average family size was 2.64. In the CDP, the population was out with 18. 9% under the age of 18,2. 7% from 18 to 24,13. 5% from 25 to 44,35. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 50 years, for every 100 females there were 76.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.5 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $33,750, and the median income for a family was $30,000. Males had an income of $13,750 versus $30,000 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,742, there were 41. 7% of families and 33. 3% of the population living below the poverty line, including 40. 0% of under eighteens and 66. 7% of those over 64
28.
George Greenleaf
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George Franklin Greenleaf, Jr. was an American football player and medical doctor. A native of Brazil, Indiana, Greenleaf was the son of George F. Greenleaf, Sr. and he played college football at the University of Michigan and was the quarterback of the 1893 and 1894 Michigan Wolverines football teams. He played at the end position on the 1895 and 1896 teams and he graduated from Michigans Department of Medicine and Surgery, and became a medical doctor practicing in Indiana and Illinois. In 1899, he was the coach of the Miami University football team. In February 1914, he married Estella Fuquay at Evansville, Indiana, in his later years, he practiced medicine at 561 Diversity Parkway and lived at 2745 Pine Grove Avenue in Chicago. In May 1936, he died of hypertension and cerebral hemorrhage at his Chicago apartment
29.
Brazil, Indiana
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Brazil is a city in Clay County, Indiana, United States. The population was 7,912 at the 2010 census, the city is the county seat of Clay County. It is part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area, the current chief executive of Brazil is Mayor Brian Wyndham. The city was founded in 1866 under the name of that farm, as of now, Brazil is a part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area. Clay county, which was formed in 1825, originally had Bowling Green as its county seat, the Chafariz dos Contos was given by the country of Brazil as a gift to the city, as a symbol of friendship, and was assembled in Forest Park in 1956. It is a replica of the fountain located in Ouro Preto, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In 2010, Brazil gained national attention for having accepted money from Kentucky Fried Chicken for the rights to display the KFC, Brazil is located at 39°31′30″N 87°7′39″W. According to the 2010 census, Brazil has an area of 3.058 square miles. Brazil experiences warm, even hot and humid summers and cold winters as part of the continental climate. As of the 2010 census, there were 7,912 people,3,154 households, the population density was 2,611.2 inhabitants per square mile. There were 3,583 housing units at a density of 1,182.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 97. 1% White,0. 6% African American,0. 1% Native American,0. 5% Asian,0. 6% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 6% of the population. 30. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.04. The median age in the city was 36.2 years. 26% of residents were under the age of 18,9. 4% were between the ages of 18 and 24,26. 2% were from 25 to 44,23. 9% were from 45 to 64, and 14. 4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 0% male and 52. 0% female, as of the 2000 census, there were 8,188 people,3,383 households, and 2,151 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,450.6 people per square mile, there were 3,740 housing units at an average density of 1,119.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 97. 80% White,0. 64% African American,0. 37% Native American,0. 17% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 28% from other races, and 0. 72% from two or more races
30.
Kingsbury, Indiana
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Kingsbury is a town in Washington Township, LaPorte County, Indiana, just northwest of the intersection of U. S. Route 35 and U. S. Route 6. The town was founded in 1835 and incorporated on March 3,1941, during 1940 -1941, the Kingsbury Ordnance Plant was built for use during World War II. The plant closed after the war but reopened during the Korean War, the population was 242 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Michigan City, Indiana-La Porte, Indiana Metropolitan Statistical Area, the town has its own fire department, KVFD, and a Greek revival style First Baptist church built in 1851 with its own graveyard and Winchell Cemetery. Kingsbury is located at 41°31′36″N 86°42′2″W, according to the 2010 census, Kingsbury has a total area of 0.57 square miles, all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 229 people,90 households, the population density was 391.8 people per square mile. There were 94 housing units at a density of 160. 8/sq mi. The racial makeup of the town was 99. 56% White and 0. 44% Native American,16. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the family size was 2.81. In the town, the population was out with 22. 7% under the age of 18,10. 0% from 18 to 24,29. 3% from 25 to 44,23. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 81.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.4 males, the median income for a household in the town was $50,000, and the median income for a family was $53,438. Males had an income of $40,417 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,096, about 4. 6% of families and 9. 7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10. 9% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those sixty five or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 242 people,91 households, the population density was 424.6 inhabitants per square mile. There were 96 housing units at a density of 168.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 97. 1% White,0. 4% African American,0. 4% Native American, hispanic or Latino of any race were 5. 4% of the population. 19. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.06
31.
Wenona, Illinois
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Wenona is a city in Marshall and LaSalle counties in the U. S. state of Illinois. The population was 1,056 at the 2010 census, down from 1,065 in 2000, Wenona is located at 41°3′11″N 89°3′12″W. Most of the city lies in Marshall County, although a portion extends into southern LaSalle County. In the 2000 census, all of Wenonas 1,065 residents lived in Marshall County, according to the 2010 census, Wenona has a total area of 0.74 square miles, all land. According to the 2010 census, the city has an area of 0.74 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,065 people,453 households, the population density was 1,583.9 people per square mile. There were 504 housing units at a density of 749.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 97. 65% White,0. 38% Black or African American,0. 47% Native American,0. 19% Asian,1. 50% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 34. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 18. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 3.10. In the city, the population was out with 25. 9% under the age of 18,6. 9% from 18 to 24,25. 4% from 25 to 44,22. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years, for every 100 females there were 91.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males, the median income for a household in the city was $36,711, and the median income for a family was $45,714. Males had an income of $32,237 versus $20,647 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,951, about 4. 2% of families and 7. 8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7. 9% of those under age 18 and 11. 2% of those age 65 or over
32.
Toledo, Ohio
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Toledo is a city in and the county seat of Lucas County, Ohio, United States. Toledo is in northwest Ohio, at the end of Lake Erie bordering the state of Michigan. The city was founded by United States citizens in 1833 on the west bank of the Maumee River and it was re-founded in 1837, after conclusion of the Toledo War, when it was incorporated in Ohio. After construction of the Miami and Erie Canal, Toledo grew quickly and it has since become a city with an art community, auto assembly businesses, education, healthcare, and local sports teams. The citys glass industry has earned it the nickname, The Glass City, the population of Toledo as of the 2010 Census was 287,208, making it the 71st-largest city in the United States. It is the fourth most populous city in the U. S. state of Ohio after Columbus, Cleveland, and Cincinnati. The Toledo metropolitan area had a 2010 population of 651,429, and was the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the state of Ohio, behind Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, Dayton, and Akron. Varying cultures of indigenous peoples lived along the rivers and lakefront of what is now northwestern Ohio for thousands of years, when the city of Toledo was preparing to pave its streets, it surveyed two prehistoric semicircular earthworks, presumably for stockades. One was at the intersection of Clayton and Oliver streets on the bank of Swan Creek. Such earthworks were typical of mound-building peoples and this region was part of a larger area controlled by the historic tribes of the Wyandot and the people of the Council of Three Fires. The first European to visit the area was Étienne Brûlé, a French-Canadian guide and explorer, the French established trading posts in the area by 1680 to take advantage of the lucrative fur trade. The Odawa moved from Manitoulin Island and the Bruce Peninsula at the invitation of the French and they settled an area extending into northwest Ohio. By the early 18th century, the Odawa occupied areas along most of the Maumee River to its mouth and they served as middlemen between the French and tribes further to the west and north. The Wyandot occupied central Ohio, and the Shawnee and Lenape occupied the southern areas, the area was not settled by European-Americans until 1795 and after. They were finally defeated in 1794 at the Battle of Fallen Timbers and this loose affiliation of tribes included the Wyandot and Council of Three Fires. By a treaty in 1795, they ceded large areas of territory in Ohio to the United States, according to Charles E. Slocum, the American military built Fort Industry at the mouth of the Maumee about 1805, but as a temporary stockade. No official reports support the 19th-century tradition of its history there. The United States continued to work to extinguish land claims of Native Americans, in the Treaty of Detroit, the above four tribes ceded a large land area to the United States of what became southeastern Michigan and northwestern Ohio, to the mouth of the Maumee River
33.
Galva, Illinois
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Galva is a city in Henry County, Illinois, United States. The population was 2,589 at the 2010 census, down from 2,758 in 2000, cousins William L. Wiley and James Wiley founded Galva in 1854. The name Galva honors the Swedish immigrants of nearby Bishop Hill and refers to Gävle, today around 80% of the town has Scandinavian ancestry. Galva was laid out along the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad with the help of Bishop Hill trustees who invested heavily in Galva and this was the first of three rail line to locate there. This group was formed in 1852 and ran a line from Aurora, Illinois to Galesburg, a second branch of the Burlington Route later also came through. Later the Peoria and Rock Island Railroad came through Galva, according to the 2010 census, Galva has a total area of 2.86 square miles, all land. As of the 2000 census, there were 2,758 people,1,164 households, the population density was 1,609.5 people per square mile. There were 1,266 housing units at a density of 738.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 98. 59% White,0. 25% African American,0. 22% Native American,0. 11% Asian,0. 33% from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 96% of the population. 32. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 19. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.01. In the city, the population was out with 24. 7% under the age of 18,7. 8% from 18 to 24,25. 7% from 25 to 44,22. 8% from 45 to 64. The median age was 39 years, for every 100 females there were 89.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.9 males, the median income for a household in the city was $35,071, and the median income for a family was $45,880. Males had an income of $31,467 versus $21,714 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,165, about 6. 9% of families and 7. 2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11. 3% of those under age 18 and 4. 5% of those age 65 or over. According to the 2010 Census, the city had a population of 2,589. Of this,2,503 were White,32 were two or more races,26 were Black or African American,15 were some other race,11 were Asian,80 were Hispanic or Latino There was once a statue set between two buildings, dedicated to Rubezahl. The sculpture was enscribed, Rubezahl, the vigilant gnome who guards your home, local teenagers would toast to Rubezahl at every passing until one day Rubezahl was found missing atop his perch in between the buildings
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Frederick W. Henninger
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Frederick William Pa Henninger was an American businessman and football player and coach. He played football for the University of Michigan from 1893 to 1896 and was the captain of the 1895 team that outscored their opponents by a score of 266 to 14. After receiving his degree, he was an assistant football coach at Michigan from 1897 to 1899 and 1902 and he worked as an engineer for the Detroit United Railway and later had a successful career as a manufacturer in Detroit, Michigan. Henninger was born in Cleveland, Ohio and educated in that public schools. He attended Ann Arbor High School for his preparatory studies. He enrolled at the University of Michigan where he played football from 1893 to 1896 and he was captain of the 1895 Michigan team that compiled an 8–1 record, won seven of their games by shutouts, and outscored their opponents by a combined score of 266 to 14. The sole loss of the 1895 season was a 4–0 setback against the Harvard Crimson, Michigan finished the season with a 12–0 win over Western rival, Amos Alonzo Staggs Chicago Maroons. A newspaper profile of Henninger in November 1895 said, The University of Michigan team, Henninger is a veteran of last years eleven, is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 180 pounds. He is an excellent field general, plays right guard and is said to be the strongest man on the team, Henninger studied electrical engineering at Michigan and received his bachelors degree in 1897. After graduating, Henninger served as an assistant football coach at Michigan from 1897 to 1899 and he also returned in 1902 as an assistant coach under Fielding H. Yost. In November 1902, The Michigan Alumnus chose an All-Michigan Team consisting of the greatest football players ever to play for the Michigan Wolverines football team, Henninger was selected as the right tackle on the All-Michigan team. For years Pa Henninger was a mainstay of the Michigan team, a figure on every western gridiron. Henninger was also selected by the student magazine, The Inlander, after graduating from Michigan, Henninger worked for the Detroit United Railway for six years from 1897 to 1903. He was in charge of the Motor Testing Department from 1897 to 1898, was chief draftsman in 1898. He retired from the railway in 1903 to go into business for himself, at the time of his retirement from the railway, the 45 motor inspectors of the Detroit United Railway gave a trolley party in his honor. The party rode the trolley to Birmingham, Michigan where supper was partaken at the Colonial Hotel, the inspectors presented Henninger with a solid diamond ring in a heavy gold setting with the Masonic emblem enameled on one side and the Elks emblem on the other side. After leaving the Detroit Urban Railway, Henninger formed his own company which he called the Bellevue Manufacturing Company in 1903 with offices at 343 Bellevue Avenue in Detroit and he was also an inventor of a machine called a wire insulating machine. He also served as the treasurer and eventually president of the Sheet Steel Stamping Company, vice president of Riverbank Corporation, at the time of the 1910 United States Census, he was living in Detroit, and his occupation was listed as the manager of a machine factory
35.
Barberton, Ohio
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Barberton is a city in Summit County, Ohio, United States. The population was 26,550 at the 2010 census and it is a commuter town adjacent to Akron and is part of the latters Metropolitan Statistical Area. Barberton was founded in 1891 by industrialist Ohio Columbus Barber, who planned the town according to his vision of industry, progress, in 1894 he moved the manufacturing operations of the Diamond Match Company, which he formed from a merger of 11 companies, from Akron to Barberton. He soon was producing 250 million matches a day, in the valley running parallel to the Tuscarawas River and the Ohio & Erie Canal, he oversaw the construction of factories, residential neighborhoods and a compact commercial downtown. In the center of the new city was Lake Anna, named after Barbers only daughter, Barberton became known as the Magic City because of its rapid population growth during its formative industrial years, at a time of waves of immigration from eastern and southern Europe. In 1891, when Barberton was incorporated, the farms that had originally characterized the landscape were transformed into a fledgling city of 1,800. When an Akron Beacon Journal reporter revisited Barberton in 1893, he noted that since 1891, many new immigrants were attracted to its industrial jobs, which provided a path to assimilation. In 1908 on a hill on the east side of town, Barber began construction of an experimental farm and estate. It included his 52-room, French Renaissance Revival-style mansion, completed in 1909, and lush gardens, dozens of barns and other structures in the same style, Barber built 35 structures for the Anna Dean Farm, all in the French Renaissance Revival style. Believing farming could be as efficient as industry, Barber intended the farm to be the basis of an agricultural college and he willed the farm to Case Western University. It later sold much of the property, today, five of the eight primary buildings and associated property of the farm complex are owned by the Barberton Historical Society. These buildings are constructed of red edged in white concrete block, with royal blue trim. The most significant of the buildings is Barn No. 1, the former Dairy Barn, restored in 1985 and now the headquarters of the Yoder Brothers Corporation. The building has castle tower-like silos, visible from much of the east side of the city, the other barns have been structurally stabilized and at least partially restored. All but one may be renovated for other economic uses, the Creamery has been restored as a residence for the same family since 1943, and served as the birthplace for the Apostolic Church of Barberton founded in 1950. After sale by Case Western University following World War II, most of the 40-acre Barber estate was broken up, the mansion was demolished in 1965. The Magics became the name of the Barberton High School athletic teams
36.
John W. Hollister
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John Willis Hollister was an American football player and coach. He served as the football coach at Beloit College from 1894 to 1895 and again from 1898 to 1903, at the University of Mississippi in 1896. Hollister attended Middlebury College from 1889 to 1890 and received a bachelor of degree from Williams College in 1893. At Williams, he played football and baseball and received praise as an all-around athlete. He subsequently attended the Law Department of the University of Michigan from 1893 to 1896, while attending law school, Hollister played halfback for the 1893 and 1895 Michigan Wolverines football teams. In the fall of 1894, Hollister took time off from his studies to accept a position as physical director. The subsequent appointment of John Hollister as the first physical training instructor, after serving the 1894–95 academic year at Beloit, Hollister returned to the University of Michigan to complete his legal education, receiving an Ll. B. degree in 1896. After completing his studies, Hollister became the head football coach at the University of Mississippi in 1896. In November 1897, Hollister married Margaret Hayden Reustle and they had a daughter, Margaret, in 1904. In 1898, Hollister returned to coaching, serving as the football coach and he also served as the head football coach at Morningside College in Iowa from 1908 to 1910. Hollister compiled a career college record of 50–39–10. Hollister later worked as an executive in Chicago. At the time of the 1920 Census, Hollister was listed as a resident of Chicago with a wife and a daughter, and he died on March 8,1950 in Chicago. John W. Hollister at the College Football Data Warehouse
37.
Beloit, Wisconsin
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Beloit is a city in Rock County, Wisconsin, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 36,966, twelve men in Colebrook, New Hampshire created the New England Emigrating Company in October 1836 and sent Dr. Horace White to find a suitable region of Wisconsin in which to settle. The level fields and the power of Turtle Creek and the unlimited gravel in the area around what is now Beloit fixed the site of the intended village. At the same time as the Colebrook settlers, six families from Bedford and they said that the Rock River Valley had a New England look, which made them feel at home. The village was platted in 1838 and was planned with wide streets which built on the New England model, Beloit was originally named New Albany in 1837 by its founder, Caleb Blodgett. The name was changed to Beloit in 1838, the name Beloit was coined to be reminiscent of Detroit. Beloit lays claim to such inventions as the speedometer, Korn Kurls, Korn Kurls, which resemble Cheetos, are credited with the founding of the snack food industry. Beloits 1889 Water Tower Place began demolition in 1935, which was halted because of the cost, a historic pump station is located nearby. The Fairbanks Flats were built in 1917 to house the rush of African Americans moving to the area from the Southern United States, pearsons Hall of Science was designed by the architectural firm Burnham and Root for Beloit College to use as a science center. Downtown Beloit is the economic, cultural and social center of the community. Located north of the confluence of the Rock River and Turtle Creek, the downtown is anchored by a core of historic buildings, Beloits riverfront park system, mainly Riverside Park, extends north of the downtown along the east bank toward the Town of Beloit. Downtown Beloit is one of two members of the Wisconsin Main Street designation. Beloit was served by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad, better known as the Milwaukee Road, in its 1980 bankruptcy, the Milwaukee Road disposed of the Southwestern Line. The Union Pacific Railroad, which took over the C&NW, operates in Beloit today over a remnant of the former Milwaukee Road, the Canadian Pacific Railway operates other trackage in Beloit. The city also had an interurban railroad. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 17.70 square miles. The city is located adjacent to the Town of Beloit, Town of Turtle, as of the census of 2010, there were 36,966 people,13,781 households, and 8,867 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,128.2 inhabitants per square mile, there were 15,177 housing units at an average density of 873.7 per square mile
38.
Butte, Montana
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Butte /ˈbjuːt/ is a city in, and the county seat of Silver Bow County, Montana, United States. In 1977, the city and county governments consolidated to form the entity of Butte-Silver Bow. As of the 2010 census, Buttes population was approximately 34,200, Butte is Montanas fifth largest city. In the 19th and 20th centuries, Butte experienced every stage of development of a town, from camp to boomtown to mature city to center for historic preservation. Unlike most such towns, Buttes urban landscape includes mining operations set within residential areas, despite the dominance of the Anaconda Company, Butte was never a company town. It prided itself on architectural diversity and an ethos of rough-and-tumble individualism. In the 21st century, efforts at interpreting and preserving Buttes heritage are addressing both the historical significance and the continuing importance of mining to its economy and culture. Butte was one of the largest cities in the Rocky Mountains in the late 1800s, Silver Bow County had 24,000 people in 1890, and peaked at 100,000 in 1920. The population steadily declined with falling copper prices after World War I, eventually dropping to 34,000 in 1990, in 2013, the population remains at 34,200. The documentary Butte, America, depicts its history as a producer and the issues of labor unionism, economic rise and decline. The city is served by Bert Mooney Airport with airport code BTM, Butte began as a mining town in the late 19th century in the Silver Bow Creek Valley, a natural bowl sitting high in the Rockies straddling the Continental Divide. At first only gold and silver were mined in the area, but the advent of electricity caused a demand for copper. The small town was called the Richest Hill on Earth. It was the largest city for hundreds of miles in all directions. Among the migrants, many Chinese workers moved in, and amongst them set up businesses that led to the creation of a Chinatown in Butte, the Chinese migrations stopped in 1882 with the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act. The business owners fought back by suing the unions and winning, the history of the Chinese migrants in Butte is documented in the Mai Wah Museum. The influx of miners gave Butte a reputation as a town where any vice was obtainable. The citys famous saloon and red-light district, called the Line or The Copper Block, was centered on Mercury Street, behind the brothel was the equally famous Venus Alley, where women plied their trade in small cubicles called cribs
39.
Bloomington, Illinois
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Bloomington is a city in Illinois, United States and the county seat of McLean County. It is adjacent to Normal, and is the populous of the two principal municipalities of the Bloomington-Normal metropolitan area. The 2010 census showed the city had a population of 76,610, making it the 12th most populated city in Illinois, combined with Normal, the twin cities have a population of roughly 130,000. Bloomington is located at 40°29′03″N 88°59′37″W, the city is at an elevation of 797 feet above sea level. According to the 2010 census, Bloomington has an area of 27.229 square miles. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.71 inches in February to 4.52 inches in May, the Bloomington area was at the edge of a large grove occupied by the Kickapoo people before the first Euro-American settlers arrived in the early 1820s. Springing from the settlement of Keg Grove, later called Blooming Grove, Bloomington was named as county seat on December 25,1830, when the County of McLean was incorporated, a county seat was established. However, the legislation stated the site of Bloomington would be located later, james Allin, one of the new countys promoters, offered to donate 60 acres of his land for the new town. His offer was accepted, and Bloomington was laid out and its lots were sold at a well-attended and noisy auction on the 4th of July 1831. At this time there were few roads, but rich soils brought new farmers who began commerce by conducting their business in the newly formed county. People came from all over to trade and do business at the center, known today as Downtown Bloomington, including Abraham Lincoln who was working as a lawyer in nearby Springfield. In 1900 an officer on patrol discovered a fire in a laundry across the street from the old City Hall and he sounded the alarm but the fire destroyed the majority of the downtown, especially the areas north and east of the courthouse. However, the burnt area was rebuilt from the designs of local architects George Miller. During the first two decades of the 20th century, Bloomington continued to grow, agriculture, the construction of highways and railroads, and the growth of the insurance business all influenced the growth of Bloomington and its downtown area. The downtown area became a shopping center attracting trade from adjoining counties. This trend has continued to the present day, where expansion has included many restaurants, as of the census of 2010, there were 76,610 people and 30,454 households within the city. The population density was 2,814.8 people per square mile, there were 34,339 housing units at an average density of 1,261.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 77. 5% White,10. 1% African American,0. 3% Native American,7. 0% Asian,1. 42% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 5. 6% of the population
40.
Morrisonville, Illinois
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Morrisonville is a small town in Christian County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,056 at the 2010 census, Morrisonville is located at 39°25′9″N 89°27′26″W. According to the 2010 census, Morrisonville has an area of 1.03 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,056 people,435 households, the population density was 1,035.4 people per square mile. There were 474 housing units at a density of 459.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 98. 78% White,0. 09% African American,0. 09% Native American,0. 47% Asian, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 56% of the population. 26. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.95. In the village, the population was out with 25. 5% under the age of 18,7. 5% from 18 to 24,25. 8% from 25 to 44,23. 5% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years, for every 100 females there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males, the median income for a household in the village was $35,917, and the median income for a family was $43,971. Males had an income of $32,333 versus $23,315 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,324, about 3. 5% of families and 6. 2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9. 7% of those under age 18 and 5. 0% of those age 65 or over. Morrisonville is a small, rural town in Central Illinois and it is located 45 miles south of the state’s capital, Springfield. Morrisonville has a history dating back to a time when it was used as a hunting ground for Native American Indians. Before settlers established a town, four Indian tribes lived on Morrisonville’s land, the Sac, Fox, Pottawatomie, The Sammich and they competed with each other for buffalo, elk, and deer. Morrisonville was also part of the Black Hawk hunting ground, since 1492, six flags have flown over what is now Morrisonville, including Spain, France, Great Britain, Virginia, Indiana, and Illinois. Germans have also settled in this area, the Marschs and Millburgs were directly from Germany and settled there. In 1872, Morrisonville became a town, Colonel Morrison married Mary Ann Carlin in 1842
41.
Massillon, Ohio
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Massillon is a city in Stark County in the U. S. state of Ohio, approximately 8 miles west of Canton,20 miles south of Akron, and 50 miles south of Cleveland. The population was 32,149 at the 2010 census, which makes it the 44th largest city in Ohio, Massillon is the second largest incorporated area within the Canton-Massillon, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, the area had a population of 404,422 and includes all of Stark. The village of Navarre borders the city to the south, the original settlement of Kendal was founded in 1812 by Thomas Rotch, a Quaker originally of New Bedford, Massachusetts, and Hartford, Connecticut. James Duncan of New Hampshire first settled in Kendal before recording the plot for Massillon on December 6,1826, Duncan, known as the citys founder, named the town after Jean Baptiste Massillon, a French Catholic bishop, at the request of his wife. The town plat was established along the east bank of the Tuscarawas River, the canal section spanning from Cleveland to Massillon was completed in 1828. Massillon quickly became a port town along the canal route, known as the Port of Massillon. The first telegraph lines would reach Massillon in 1847, and the Ohio & Pennsylvania Railroad would extend its rails to Massillon in 1852, Massillon incorporated as a village in 1853. In 1868, Massillon incorporated as a city when the populated reached 5,000, the C. M. Russell & Company, formed in 1842 by Charles. M. Russell and his brothers, Nahum Russell and Clement Russell, manufactured threshing machines, the company began producing train cars in 1852 and incorporated in 1864 as Russell & Company Inc. In 1884, Russell & Company begain producing its famed steam traction engines, a merger with the Griscom-Spencer company in 1912 created the Griscom-Russell Company. Griscom-Russell produced heat exchangers for the United States Navy during World War II, the Massillon Iron Bridge Company was founded by Joseph Davenport in 1869 after moving to Massillon from Boston to work at the C. M. Russell & Company. Davenport also invented and built the first locomotive cowcatcher and cab in Massillon, the company incorporated in 1887 as The Massillon Bridge Company. The Massillon Bridge Company designed and built steel truss bridges up through the mid-1900s, the Massillon State Hospital for the Insane opened in 1898 on 240 acres of land given to the state of Ohio for the purpose of constructing the hospital. The hospital was established by Ohio governor William McKinley, by 1950 there were 3,100 patients in the hospital. Today it is known as Heartland Behavioral Healthcare, the Forest City Motor Company was founded in Cleveland in 1906 but relocated to Massillon that same year. Forest City produced approximately 1,000 of their Jewel automobiles in Massillon between 1906 and 1909, the name of the company was changed to the Jewel Motor Car Company but the company eventually ceased production in 1909. Massillon Rolling merged into the Central Steel Company in 1914, Central Steel eventually became known as the Central Alloy Steel Company
