1.
Wisconsin Badgers football
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The Wisconsin Badgers football team is the intercollegiate football team of University of Wisconsin–Madison. The Badgers have competed in the Big Ten Conference since its formation in 1896 and they play their home games at Camp Randall Stadium, the fourth-oldest stadium in college football. Wisconsin has had two Heisman Trophy winners, Alan Ameche and Ron Dayne, and have had nine former players inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, as of January 2,2017, the Badgers have an all-time record of 685–489–53. The teams nickname originates in the history of Wisconsin. In the 1820s and 1830s, prospectors came to the looking for minerals. Without shelter in the winter, the miners had to live like badgers in tunnels burrowed into hillsides, the first Badger football team took the field in 1889, losing the only two games it played that season. In 1890, Wisconsin earned its first victory with a 106–0 drubbing of Whitewater Normal School, however, the very next week the Badgers suffered what remains their most lopsided defeat, a humiliating 63–0 loss at the hands of the University of Minnesota. Since then, the Badgers and Gophers have met 122 times, upon the formation of the Big Ten conference in 1896, Wisconsin became the first-ever conference champion with a 7–1–1 record. Over the next ten years, the Badgers won or shared the title three more times, and recorded their first undefeated season, going 9–0–0. With the exception of their undefeated season in 1912, in which they won their fifth Big Ten title. The 1912 season would be their last conference title until 1952, the team posted mostly winning seasons over the next several seasons however. 1942 was an important year for Wisconsin football, on October 24, the #6 ranked Badgers defeated the #1 ranked Ohio State Buckeyes at Camp Randall, catapulting Wisconsin to the #2 spot in the AP poll. Unfortunately for the Badgers, their championship hopes were dashed in a 6–0 defeat by the Iowa Hawkeyes the following week. Nevertheless, Wisconsin won the remainder of its games, finishing the season 8–1–1 and #3 in the AP, afterwards, the Badgers struggled to regain their momentum, with their efforts hampered by many of their star players leaving as a result of World War II. In the late 1940s, fans began insisting that head coach Harry Stuhldreher resign, many times chanting Goodbye Harry, especially during 1948, Stuhldreher stepped down as head coach, while keeping his duties as athletic director. Stuhldreher then named Ivy Williamson as head coach The Badgers experienced great success during the 1950s under Williamson, in one stretch, from 1950-1954, the Badgers went 26-8-3. In 1952, the received its first #1 ranking by the Associated Press. That season, the Badgers again claimed the Big Ten title, there they were defeated 7–0 by the Southern California, and would finish the season ranked #11 in the AP
2.
Hiland Orlando Stickney
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Hiland Orlando Stickney was an American football player and coach. He served as the football coach at Grinnell College in 1893 and at the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1894 to 1895. In 1899, Highland Stickney became the head coach of Oregon State. He took over the team after they played the 1898 season without a head coach and he served as the head coach for just one season. He went 3–2 in that season, hiland Orlando Stickney at the College Football Data Warehouse
3.
Camp Randall Stadium
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Camp Randall Stadium is an outdoor stadium in Madison, Wisconsin, located on the University of Wisconsin–Madison campus. It has been the home of Wisconsin Badgers football since 1895, the oldest and fifth largest stadium in the Big Ten Conference, Camp Randall is the 41st largest stadium in the world, with a seating capacity of 80,321. The stadium lies on the grounds of Camp Randall, a former Union Army training camp during the Civil War, the camp was named after then Governor Alexander Randall, who later became Postmaster General of the United States. After an outcry from veterans over plans to turn the site into building lots, soon afterward, it was pressed into service as an athletic ground. It was originally used by the track and field team before the football and baseball teams moved there in 1895, however, the wooden bleachers were very difficult to maintain, and a portion of them were actually condemned as unsafe in 1914. The university then asked for $40,000 to build a concrete-and-steel stadium, however, after three sections of bleachers collapsed during a 1915 game, the state readily granted the additional money. The new stadium opened for the first time on October 6,1917 and it consisted of 7,500 concrete seats—roughly corresponding to the lower portion of the current stadiums east grandstand—and 3,000 wooden seats from the old field. After the wooden seats burned down in 1922, more permanent seats were added in stages until it consisted of an opening to the south, with a running track around the field. Originally natural grass, the field was one of the first in the United States to convert to artificial turf in 1968, superturf was installed in 1980, and a new AstroTurf field was installed in 1990, and replaced in 1998. A new type of grass, infilled FieldTurf, was installed for the 2003 season. The stadium also houses offices of the university. In 2002, a reconstruction project commenced, which added luxury boxes, a five-story office building. In addition, concessions, restrooms and other items were upgraded, the walkway around the field was removed. The construction was completed prior to the start of the 2004 season, the football team continued to play at the stadium throughout the construction. Also during this period of reconstruction at the stadium, changes were made to the team locker room. Known as one of the best visiting team locker rooms in the Big Ten Conference, it was painted a bright pink. Since this change, the Badgers have had a 43–4 home record, the numbers of Wisconsins two Heisman Trophy winners, Alan Ameche and Ron Dayne, are displayed on the upper deck façade. Both of their numbers are retired, The retired numbers of Elroy Hirsch, Dave Schreiner, Allan Schafer, at Barry Alvarezs final game as head coach in 2005, plans were announced to place a statue of him in the Stadiums Kellner Plaza
4.
1895 Michigan Wolverines football team
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The 1895 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1895 college football season. The team, coached by medical student William McCauley, compiled an 8–1 record, won seven of their games by shutouts, the 1895 Wolverines won their first five games by a combined score of 220 to 0. The sole loss of the season was a 4–0 setback against the Harvard Crimson, Michigan finished the season with a 12–0 win over Western rival, Amos Alonzo Staggs Chicago Maroons. Undefeated against Western opponents, the 1895 Wolverines laid claim to the Western football championship, on October 5,1895, Michigan defeated the Michigan Military Academy from Orchard Lake, Michigan, by a score of 31 to 0. The game was played in 20-minute halves at Regents Field in Ann Arbor, a newspaper account of the game noted that the score would have been more lopsided except that the Wolverines gave up the ball several times on fouls and off-sides. The account also reported that Michigan showed up better than last year at this time in every feature of the game. The following week, the Wolverines had a game against the Detroit Athletic Club. Michigan scored the first touchdown of the game 30 seconds after the game had commenced on a 70-yard end run by the quarterback and Wyoming-native, fullback John Bloomingston from Chicago was the high scorer with 14 points on a touchdown and five goals after touchdown. Halfback John W. Hollister was the second highest scorer with three touchdowns, tackle Jesse Yont from Nebraska also added a touchdown, as Michigan won by a score of 42 to 0. In the third game of the season, Michigan defeated the team from Clevelands Western Reserve, also known at the time as Adelbert College, the game was played in 40-minute halves at Regents Field on October 19,1895. The margin of victory was a surprise as Adelbert had won the Western football championship in 1894 and had narrowly lost to Eastern football power Cornell the previous week by a score of 12 to 4. Against Michigan, however, Adelbert had the only five or six minutes in the entire games and. Bloomingston led the scoring with 32 points on three touchdowns and ten kicks for goals from touchdown, tackle Giovanni Count Villa, from Walla Walla, Washington, and end Henry M. Senter, from Houghton, Michigan, each scored two touchdowns. Yont, Richards, and halfback Gustave Dutch Ferbert, from Cleveland, a Chicago newspaper described Michigans performance as follows, Michigans advantage in weight was great and the interference and general team plays showed great improvement. Michigans gain was on the short and fast dashes through the line and close in on the end. Michigans fourth game of the season was a game against Rush Lake Forest. Michigan won the game by a score of 40 to 0, on November 2,1895, Michigan played Oberlin College at Regents Field. The Wolverines won their fifth consecutive shutout, outscoring Oberlin 42 to 0, a newspaper account of the game reported, Michigan was crippled by the absence of Baird, Senter and Hall, but the play showed improvement over last week
5.
1895 North Carolina Tar Heels football team
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The 1895 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina during the 1895 college football season. They played nine games with a record of 7–1–1. The team captain for the 1895 season was Edwin Gregory, the team went 3–0–1 on a 6-day,4 game road trip. The season opened with a defeat of the rival A and M college by a 36–0 score Nicklin had runs of 57,67, the starting lineup was Gregory, Steele, Hurley, White, Collier, Wright, Merritt, Whitaker, Nicklin, Moore, McRae. The Georgia Bulldogs, coached by Pop Warner, were defeated 6–0 what some claim is the very first forward pass and it was conceived to break a scoreless deadlock and give UNC a 6–0 win. The Carolinians were in a situation and a Georgia rush seemed destined to block the ball. The punter, with a dash to his right, tossed the ball and it was caught by George Stephens. Georgia coach Pop Warner complained to the referee that the play was illegal, however, only 4 minutes of game time had passed when Stephens scored. Governor William Y. Atkinson attended the game, Carolina outcoached Vanderbilt on its way to a 12–0 victory. Butler had a punt return for a touchdown, the game was called due to darkness. The Sewanee Tigers fought UNC to a scoreless tie, the Georgia and Carolina teams played a second time to round out the road trip and North Carolina won 10–6. The Tar Heels defeated Washington and Lee Generals 16–0, North Carolina beat VAMC in Charlotte, North Carolina with 1,000 looking on. North Carolina scored three touchdowns in the first half and then scored two touchdowns in the second half. VAMC then drove to North Carolinas three-yard line, but was stopped on downs, the starting lineup was Gregory, Wright, Hurley, White, Collier, Baird, Merritt, Stanley, Nicklin, Moore, Butler. The Tar Heels beat the winless Richmond Spiders 34–0, virginia defeated North Carolina 10–6 in this years version of the Souths Oldest Rivalry. Virginia thereby claims a Southern championship, first award, Richard Busbee George Phineas Butler, fullback Thomas Hurley, guard Lawrence MacRae, end Samuel Strong Nicklin, halfback Robert Thomas Stephens Steele, guard/end Joel D. Whitaker, Jr. North Carolina Tar Heels 1895 Football Schedule,1895 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
6.
Tufts Jumbos football
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The Tufts Jumbos represent Tufts University of Medford, Massachusetts in the sport of college football. The team has played since the 1874–75 season, the Jumbos compete at the NCAA Division III level and have been members of the New England Small College Athletic Conference since the conferences formation in 1971. The football team plays its game at Ellis Oval on the Tufts campus in Medford. Jay Civetti has been the head coach since 2011. One Tufts player, William Grinnell, has been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame
7.
Brown Bears football
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The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision and are members of the Ivy League. Browns first football team was fielded in 1878, the team plays its home games at the 20,000 seat Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island. The Bears are coached by Phil Estes, in the middle of the 1926 season, the “Iron Men” came into being when the same 11 players played against Yale for 60 minutes and a 7-0 win. The next week the same 11 players played without substitution against Dartmouth, two weeks later the Iron Men played 58 minutes against Harvard, but in the last two minutes the substitutes came in to earn their letters. Brown won all its games that year until the Thanksgiving game against Colgate ended in a 10-10 tie, in the 1948 season, Brown fans were the originators of the popular de-fense. Chant that spread to the NFL in the 1950s, Brown has 607 wins making them tied for 72nd all time in wins amongst division one football programs. John W. Heisman Tuss McLaughry Frederick D. Pollard Eddie N, the Bears have won the Ivy League title four times in their history. The Bears won their first Ivy League title in 1976, sharing it with Yale while finishing 8-1 on the season, in 1999, the Bears went 9-1, while beating Columbia 23-6 to share the Ivy League title with Yale. In 2005, the Bears finished 9-1, beating Columbia 52-21 in their game in order to clinch their first ever outright Ivy League title. In 2008, the Bears finished 7-3, beating Columbia 41-10 to clinch a share of the Ivy League title, their fourth conference title. The first game in the series occurred in 1893, browns record versus Harvard is 30-84-2. During recent decades the respective squads meet annually the first weekend of the Ivy League football season, Brown has a 31-57-4 record versus Dartmouth. Beginning in 2018 Brown will play New England Ivy League rival Dartmouth in their final game
8.
Iowa State Cyclones football
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The Iowa State Cyclones football is the football team at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa. The team is coached by Matt Campbell, the Cyclones compete in the Big 12 Conference, and are currently a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision member of the NCAA. The Cyclones play their games at Jack Trice Stadium, with a capacity of 61,500. Football first made its way onto the Iowa State campus in 1878 as a recreational sport, in 1894, college president William M. Beardshear spearheaded the foundation of an athletic association to officially sanction Iowa State football teams. The 1894 team finished with a 6–1 mark, including a 16–8 victory over what is now the University of Iowa, one of the pioneers of football, Pop Warner, spent time at Iowa State early in his career. Soon after Warner left for Georgia, Iowa State had its first game of the season, Iowa State came into Evanston as the underdog Iowa State then defeated Northwestern 36–0. A Chicago sportswriter called the team cornfed giants from Iowa while the Chicago Tribunes headline read, since then, Iowa State teams have been known as the Cyclones. Overall, the team had three wins and three losses and, like Georgia, Iowa State retained Warner for the next season, in 1896 the team had eight wins and two losses. Despite leaving Cornell in 1898, Warner remained as the coach of Iowa State for another year. During his last three years at Iowa State the team had a season but Warner was unable to match his 1896 triumph. After playing at Iowa and then serving as an assistant coach for two years, Clyde Williams came to Ames as an assistant coach for ISU, Williams served as the Cyclones head football coach for six seasons from 1907 to 1912. During that time, he had a record of 32–15–2. This ranks him fifth at Iowa State in total wins and fourth at Iowa State in winning percentage, in addition, he led Iowa State to two Missouri Valley Conference football titles in 1911 and 1912, which are currently the only two conference football championships in school history. In addition to his football contributions Williams was the schools first mens basketball coach from 1908 to 1911 and he also served as Iowa States baseball coach, and was their athletic director from 1914 to 1919. In 1914 Iowa State completed construction of their new football field, Williams was inducted into the State of Iowa Hall of Fame in 1956. He is also one of the few people inducted into both the University of Iowa Athletics Hall of Fame and the Iowa State athletics Hall of Fame, the success Iowa State found in the inception of their football program was not replicated for most of the mid-20th century. In 1922 after having two different head coaches in as many years, ISU hired up-and-comer Sam Willaman away from East Technical HS in Cleveland, when Willaman came to Iowa state, he brought with him six of his former East Tech players, including an African-American, Jack Trice. Trice was the first African-American player at Iowa State, and one of the first to play football in the mid-west, Trice suffered a severe malicious injury during a game at the Minnesota in 1923, and died from complications
9.
Lehigh Mountain Hawks football
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The Lehigh Mountain Hawks football program represents Lehigh University in college football. Lehigh competes as the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision level as members of the Patriot League, the Mountain Hawks play their home games at Goodman Stadium in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Andy Coen has served as the head coach since 2006. The program ranks 40th all-time in terms of wins with 680 for a percentage of 56%. Since 1945, the era, Lehigh has won at a 60% pace. Their won loss record against Lafayette since this time is also 60%, the Lehigh football program officially began in 1883 when student J. S. Robeson organized a football team to play against the University of Pennsylvanias sophomore class team. Athlete and future journalist Richard Harding Davis was a part of that squad, J. S. Robeson is the father of football at Lehigh, Davis recalled for the Lehigh Quarterly of 1891. In 1884, Lehighs intercollegiate team was formed, and Lafayette team captain Theodore Welles immediately approached Robeson to challenge them, at the start of the 2011 season, Lehigh is ranked among the institutions that have played the most games, compiled the most victories. Since 1986, Lehigh has been a member of the Patriot League. Lehigh has won ten Patriot League titles and has played in 20 post season games, along the way, Lehigh has won a Division II National Championship and has been national runner up in the I-AA tournament in 1979. Following the founding of the team, Lehigh, then known as the Engineers, was guided for the first eight years by volunteer coaches, the teams won 123 of those first 276 games, playing an average about 9 games per season. Lehigh’s first really successful period came in 1912 when Tom Keady was hired as head coach, during this period, Lehigh’s program grew stronger and the team moved into its new home, Taylor Stadium. Taylor Stadium would serve as the home for Lehigh football for 73 seasons Along with the Yale Bowl and Harvard Stadium, keady’s teams would go 55–22–3 during his nine years as head coach and produce many fine players, including All American quarterback Pat Pazzetti. The years between the end of World War I and the end of World War II were somewhat poor ones for Lehigh, seven coaches came and went, managing a record of 73–124–17 during this time. Better days were coming though, in the form of a head coach named William Leckonby. Leckonby arrived in time for the 1946 season and within a year, had the fortunes reversed, Leckonby’s teams won 16 of their next 27 from 1947–1949. This set the table for Lehigh’s first undefeated season,1950 and that team went 9–0, defeating Delaware, Carnegie Tech and Lafayette by a combined 125 –0. Overall, the team outscored opponents by a score of 301 –77, the team was led by the backfield tandem of Dick Gabriel and Dick Doyne
10.
Madison, Wisconsin
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Madison is the capital of the U. S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Dane County. As of July 1,2015, Madisons estimated population of 248,951 made it the second largest city in Wisconsin, after Milwaukee, and the 84th largest in the United States. The city forms the core of the United States Census Bureaus Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Dane County and neighboring Iowa, Green, the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Areas 2010 population was 568,593. When the Wisconsin Territory was created in 1836 the territorial legislature convened in Belmont, One of the legislatures tasks was to select a permanent location for the territorys capital. Doty lobbied aggressively for Madison as the new capital, offering buffalo robes to the freezing legislators and he had James Slaughter plat two cities in the area, Madison and The City of Four Lakes, near present-day Middleton. Doty named the city Madison for James Madison, the fourth President of the U. S. who had died on June 28,1836 and he named the streets for the other 39 signers of the U. S. Constitution. Being named for the founding father James Madison, who had just died. The cornerstone for the Wisconsin capitol was laid in 1837, on October 9,1839, Kintzing Prichett registered the plat of Madison at the registrars office of the then-territorial Dane County. Madison was incorporated as a village in 1846, with a population of 626, when Wisconsin became a state in 1848, Madison remained the capital, and the following year it became the site of the University of Wisconsin. The Milwaukee & Mississippi Railroad connected to Madison in 1854, Madison incorporated as a city in 1856, with a population of 6,863, leaving the unincorporated remainder as a separate Town of Madison. The original capitol was replaced in 1863 and the capitol burned in 1904. The current capitol was built between 1906 and 1917, during the Civil War, Madison served as a center of the Union Army in Wisconsin. Camp Randall, on the west side of Madison, was built and used as a camp, a military hospital. After the war ended, the Camp Randall site was absorbed into the University of Wisconsin, in 2004 the last vestige of active military training on the site was removed when the stadium renovation replaced a firing range used for ROTC training. The City of Madison continued annexations from the Town of Madison almost from the date of the citys incorporation, Madison is located in the center of Dane County in south-central Wisconsin,77 miles west of Milwaukee and 122 miles northwest of Chicago. The city completely surrounds the smaller Town of Madison, the City of Monona, Madison shares borders with its largest suburb, Sun Prairie, and three other suburbs, Middleton, McFarland and Fitchburg. The citys boundaries also approach the city of Verona, and the villages of Cottage Grove, DeForest, and Waunakee. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 94.03 square miles
11.
Stagg Field
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Amos Alonzo Stagg Field is the name of two different football fields for the University of Chicago. The earliest Stagg Field is probably best remembered for its role in a scientific achievement by Enrico Fermi during the Manhattan Project. The site of the first artificial nuclear reaction received designation as a National Historic Landmark on February 18,1965. On October 15,1966, which is the day that the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 was enacted creating the National Register of Historic Places, the site was named a Chicago Landmark on October 27,1971. A Henry Moore sculpture, Nuclear Energy, in a small quadrangle commemorates the location of the nuclear experiment, the Universitys current Stagg Field is located a few blocks away and reuses one of the original gates. Chicago Pile-1, the worlds first artificial nuclear reactor, was built under the west stands of Stagg Field, the first man-made self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction occurred on December 2,1942. The first Stagg Field was a stadium at the University of Chicago in Chicago and it was primarily used for college football games, and was the home field of the Maroons. Stagg Field originally opened in 1893 as Marshall Field, named after Marshall Field who donated land to the university to build the stadium, in 1913, the field was renamed Stagg Field after their famous coach Amos Alonzo Stagg. The final capacity, after several expansions, was 50,000. The University of Chicago discontinued its program after 1939 and left the Big Ten Conference in 1946. The stadium was demolished in 1957, and much of the site was re-utilized as the site of Regenstein Library. In addition to Maroons football, the stadium hosted other events. These include the 1936 US Olympic Trials for Track and Field held June 19–20,1936 and the NCAA Mens Track and Field Championships in 1921,1922,1923,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933, Northwestern also played a number home games at Stagg Field. At the turn of the 20th century, Northwestern was unable to handle large crowds, so they hosted then-powerhouse Minnesota at Marshall Field for a 1901 game, in 1925 Northwestern again was unable to accommodate large crowds, and as a result played two games at Stagg Field. The first was a win over Michigan. The second was an October 24 game against Tulane that had originally scheduled to be played at Soldier Field instead. Tulane won the game at Stagg Field 18-7, the University of Michigan fight song The Victors was written by Michigan music student Louis Elbel in 1898, following a 12-11 Michigan victory over the University of Chicago at Stagg Field. The current Stagg Field is a field located several blocks to the northwest that preserves the Stagg Field name
12.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
13.
Minneapolis
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Minneapolis is the county seat of Hennepin County, and the larger of the Twin Cities, the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States. As of 2015, Minneapolis is the largest city in the state of Minnesota, Minneapolis and Saint Paul anchor the second-largest economic center in the Midwest, after Chicago. Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul. It was once the worlds flour milling capital and a hub for timber, the city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle, with Minneapolis proper containing Americas fifth-highest concentration of Fortune 500 companies. As an integral link to the economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city. Noted for its music and performing arts scenes, Minneapolis is home to both the award-winning Guthrie Theater and the historic First Avenue nightclub. The name Minneapolis is attributed to Charles Hoag, the citys first schoolteacher, who combined mni, a Dakota Sioux word for water, and polis, Dakota Sioux had long been the regions sole residents when French explorers arrived around 1680. For a time relations were based on fur trading, gradually more European-American settlers arrived, competing for game and other resources with the Dakota. In the early 19th century, the United States acquired this territory from France, fort Snelling was built in 1819 by the United States Army, and it attracted traders, settlers and merchants, spurring growth in the area. The United States government pressed the Mdewakanton band of the Dakota to sell their land, the Minnesota Territorial Legislature authorized present-day Minneapolis as a town in 1856 on the Mississippis west bank. Minneapolis incorporated as a city in 1867, the rail service began between Minneapolis and Chicago. It later joined with the city of St. Anthony in 1872. Minneapolis developed around Saint Anthony Falls, the highest waterfall on the Mississippi River, forests in northern Minnesota were a valuable resource for the lumber industry, which operated seventeen sawmills on power from the waterfall. By 1871, the west river bank had twenty-three businesses, including mills, woolen mills, iron works, a railroad machine shop, and mills for cotton, paper, sashes. Due to the hazards of milling, six local sources of artificial limbs were competing in the prosthetics business by the 1890s. The farmers of the Great Plains grew grain that was shipped by rail to the citys thirty-four flour mills, a father of modern milling in America and founder of what became General Mills, Cadwallader C. Some ideas were developed by William Dixon Gray and some acquired through industrial espionage from the Hungarians by William de la Barre, pillsbury Company across the river were barely a step behind, hiring Washburn employees to immediately use the new methods. The hard red spring wheat that grows in Minnesota became valuable, not until later did consumers discover the value in the bran that Minneapolis
14.
Central Time Zone
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The North American Central Time Zone is a time zone in parts of Canada, the United States, Mexico, Central America, some Caribbean Islands, and part of the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Central Standard Time is six hours behind Coordinated Universal Time, during summer most of the zone uses daylight saving time, and changes to Central Daylight Time which is five hours behind UTC. The province of Manitoba is the province or territory in Canada that observes Central Time in all areas. Also, most of the province of Saskatchewan is on Central Standard Time year-round, major exceptions include Lloydminster, a city situated on the boundary between Alberta and Saskatchewan. The city charter stipulates that it shall observe Mountain Time and DST, putting the community on the time as all of Alberta, including the major cities of Calgary. As a result, during the summer, clocks in the province match those in Alberta. The Central Time Zone is the second most populous in the US after the Eastern Time Zone, lanett and Valley observe Eastern Time historically because they were textile mill towns and the original home office of their mills was in West Point, Georgia. Some eastern counties observe Central Time because they are close to the border of the Middle Tennessee counties surrounding the Nashville metropolitan area. Louisiana Michigan, All of Michigan observes Eastern Time except the four Upper Peninsula counties that border Wisconsin, other westernmost counties from this area such as Ontonagon observe Eastern Time. South Dakota, Eastern half as divided by the Missouri river adjacent to the state capital, note, the metropolitan area of Pierre is Central, including Fort Pierre. Wisconsin Most of Mexico—roughly the eastern three-fourths—lies in the Central Time Zone, except for six northwestern states, the federal entities of Mexico that observe Central Time, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua all use Central Standard Time year-round. The Galápagos Islands in Ecuador uses Central Standard Time all year-round, Daylight saving time is in effect in much of the Central time zone between mid-March and early November. The modified time is called Central Daylight Time and is UTC−5, in Canada, Saskatchewan does not observe a time change. One reason that Saskatchewan does not take part in a change is that, geographically. The province elected to move onto permanent daylight saving by being part of the Central Time Zone, Mexico decided not to go along with this change and observes their horario de verano from the first Sunday in April to the last Sunday in October. In December 2009, the Mexican Congress allowed ten border cities, eight of which are in states that observe Central Time, to adopt the U. S. daylight time schedule effective in 2010
15.
John R. Richards
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John Robertson Big John Richards was an American football player, coach, educator, and public administrator. He served as the coach at Colorado College, the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Richards 1912 season at Ohio State was notable for his action of pulling his team from the field during a loss to Penn State due to rough play, in 1904, Richards was appointed as the principal of a high school in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Previously he had been a school football coach and economics instructor in Dubuque, Iowa. After retiring from coaching, Richards was a director of the Los Angeles Metropolitan Water District and he died on October 28,1947 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 72. John R. Richards at the College Football Data Warehouse
