1.
1896
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As of the start of 1896, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. January – Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War, British redcoats enter the Ashanti capital, Kumasi, January 2 – The Jameson Raid comes to an end, as Jameson surrenders to the Boers. January 4 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U. S. state, January 5 – An Austrian newspaper reports that Wilhelm Röntgen has discovered a type of radiation later known as X-rays. January 6 – Cecil Rhodes is forced to resign as Prime Minister of the Cape of Good Hope for his involvement in the Jameson Raid, January 7 – Fannie Farmer publishes her first cookbook. January 12 – H. L. Smith takes the first X-ray photograph, January 18 – The X-ray machine is exhibited for the first time. January 28 – Walter Arnold, of East Peckham, Kent, England, is fined 1 shilling for speeding at 8 mph, february 1 – Puccinis opera La bohème premieres in Turin, Italy. February 4 – International Association of Bridge and Structural Iron Workers is established in Pittsburgh, february 11 – Oscar Wildes play Salomé premieres in Paris. February 19 – Braamfontein Explosion, A train carrying 56 tons of dynamite explodes at Braamfontein, Johannesburg, march 1 – Battle of Adwa, Ethiopia defends its independence from Italy, ending the First Italo-Ethiopian War. March 3 – Publication begins of the worlds first magazine with an orientation to male homosexuality, Der Eigene, march 9 – Responding to national outrage at the defeat at Adwa, Italian Prime Minister Francesco Crispi resigns. March 23 – The New York State Legislature passes the Raines law, april – The first study of the sensitivity of global climate to atmospheric carbon dioxide is published. April 3 – The first edition of the Italian sports newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport is published, april 4 – The first known womens basketball game between two colleges is played between Stanford and California. April 6 – The opening ceremonies of the 1896 Summer Olympics, april 9 – The National Farm School is chartered in Doylestown, PA. May 8 – Cricket, Against Warwickshire, Yorkshire sets a still-standing County Championship record when they accumulate a total of 887. May 13 – The Franchise Bill is passed by the Colony of Natals Legislative Assembly, may 18 – Plessy v. Ferguson, The U. S. Supreme Court introduces the separate but equal doctrine and upholds racial segregation. May 26 – Eleven years after its foundation, a group of 12 purely industrial stocks were chosen to form the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the index was composed entirely of industrial shares for the first time. June 4 – The Ford Quadricycle, the first Ford vehicle ever developed, is completed, june 7 – Mahdist War, British and Egyptian victory at the Battle of Ferkeh. June 12 – J. T. Hearne sets a record for the earliest date of taking 100 wickets in cricket, june 15 – The 1896 Sanriku earthquake and tsunami in Japan kills 27,000. June 18 – The New York Telephone Company is formed, succeeding the Metropolitan Telephone and Telegraph Company, june 23 – Liberal leader Wilfrid Laurier defeats Charles Tupper during Canadian federal elections for the 8th Canadian Parliament to become the first francophone Prime Minister of Canada
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
1894 in the United States
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Events from the year 1894 in the United States. President, Grover Cleveland Vice President, Adlai E. March 12 – Coca-Cola is sold in bottles for the first time, March 25 – Coxeys Army, the first significant American protest march, departs from Massillon, Ohio for Washington D. C. May 1 Coxeys Army arrives in Washington, D. C, the May Day Riots of 1894 break out in Cleveland, Ohio. July – A fire at the site of the 1893 Worlds Columbian Exposition in Chicago destroys most of the remaining buildings, july 4 – The short-lived Republic of Hawaii is proclaimed by Sanford B. September 1 – Great Hinckley Fire, A forest fire in Hinckley, september 4 – In New York City,12,000 tailors strike against sweatshop working conditions. November 5 – West Palm Beach, Florida is incorporated as a city, milton S. Hershey establishes the Hershey Chocolate Company in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The Society of Beaux-Arts Architects is founded, the National Society of Pershing Rifles is founded at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Chatham Episcopal Institute is founded in Chatham, Virginia, frederick W. Tamblyn founds Tamblyn Studio & School of Penmanship which later becomes Ziller of Kansas City, the oldest calligraphy studio in the U. S. National Civic League established. Senator from Michigan from 1955 to 1966 October 7 – Del Lord, film director October 9 – Ernest McFarland, U. S. Senator from Arizona from 1941 to 1953 October 14 – E. E. Cummings, poet and painter October 18 – H. L. Davis, fiction writer November 23 – Andrew Frank Schoeppel, U. S. Senator from Alabama from 1938 to 1969 January 15 – Henry Mower Rice, senator from Minnesota from 1858 to 1863 February 4 – Morton S. Wilkinson, U. S. Senator from Minnesota from 1859 to 1865 February 28 – James W. McDill, U. S. Senator from Iowa from 1881 to 1883 March 2 Jubal Early, Confederate general William H. Osborn, railroad tycoon March 3 – Ned Williamson, baseball player March 26 – Alfred H. Colquitt, U. S. Senator from Georgia from 1883 to 1894 March 28 – George Ticknor Curtis, author, lawyer and historian April 7 – Benjamin Franklin King, Jr. poet and humorist April 15 – James Harvey, senator from Kansas from 1874 to 1877 April 30 – Francis B. Senator from Michigan from 1887 to 1894 June 17 – William Hart, landscape painter June 20 – Bishop W. Perkins, senator from Iowa from 1881 to 1882 November 30 – Joseph E. Brown, U. S. Senator from Georgia from 1880 to 1891 December 19 – James L. Alcorn, senator from Mississippi from 1871 to 1877 List of American films of the 1890s Media related to 1894 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
4.
1895 in the United States
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Events from the year 1895 in the United States. President, Grover Cleveland Vice President, Adlai E. Morgan at Holyoke, march 1 – William Lyne Wilson is appointed United States Postmaster General. June 28 – The United States Court of Private Land Claims rules that James Reaviss claim to Barony of Arizona is wholly fictitious, july 6 – Van Cortlandt Golf Course opens in The Bronx as the countrys first and oldest public golf course. August 19 – American frontier murderer and outlaw John Wesley Hardin is killed by an off-duty policeman in a saloon in El Paso, September 3 – The first professional American football game is played, in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, between the Latrobe YMCA and the Jeannette Athletic Club. September 18 – Booker T. Washington delivers the Atlanta Compromise speech, selden is granted the first U. S. patent for an automobile. November 20 – USS Indiana, the first battleship in the United States Navy comparable to foreign battleships of this time, is commissioned, november 25 Oscar Hammerstein opens the Olympia Theatre, the first theatre to be built in New York Citys Times Square district. Chicago Times-Herald race, The first American automobile race in history is sponsored by the Chicago Times-Herald, press coverage first arouses significant U. S. interest in the automobile. December 24 – George Washington Vanderbilt II officially opens his Biltmore Estate on Christmas Eve, inviting his family and guests to celebrate his new home in Asheville, du Bois becomes the first African American to receive a Ph. D. from Harvard University. The gold reserve of the U. S. Treasury is saved when J. P. Morgan, gilded Age Gay Nineties Progressive Era January 1 Bert Acosta, aviator J. S. S. Senator from Connecticut from 1952 to 1963 May 25 – Dorothea Lange, documentary photographer and photojournalist May 28 – Samuel D. Jackson, senator from Indiana in 1944 June 10 William C. Feazel, U. S. McCormick, admiral September 22 – Elmer Austin Benson, senator from New Mexico from 1949 to 1973 October 30 – Dickinson W. Conway Pierce, chemist December 20 – Susanne K. Wilson, U. S. Senator from Iowa from 1883 to 1895, morris, politician October 2 – Robert Crozier, U. S
5.
1897 in the United States
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Events from the year 1897 in the United States. President, Grover Cleveland, William McKinley Vice President, Adlai E, April 27 – Grants Tomb is dedicated in New York. May 1 – The Tennessee Centennial Exposition opens in Nashville, for 6 months, June 1 – American miners begin a strike, which successfully establishes the United Mine Workers Union and brings about the 8-hour work day to mines. June 2 – Mark Twain, responding to rumors that he is dead, is quoted by the New York Journal as saying, July 17 – The Klondike Gold Rush begins when the first successful prospectors arrive in Seattle. July 31 – Mount Saint Elias, the second highest peak in the United States, August 21 – Oldsmobile is founded in Lansing, Michigan by Ransom E. Olds. August 31 – Thomas Edison is granted a patent for the Kinetoscope, september 1 – The Boston subway opens, becoming the first underground metro in North America. September 10 – Lattimer Massacre, A sheriffs posse kills more than 19 unarmed immigrant miners in Pennsylvania, October 12 – The USS Baltimore is recommissioned, since 1890, for several months of duty in the Hawaiian Islands. October 23 – The Kappa Delta Sorority is founded, November 1 - The Library of Congress Building in Washington, D. C. designed by Paul J. Pelz, is opened. Elbridge Ayer Burbank begins painting portraits of Native Americans in the United States from life, women photographers Zaida Ben-Yusuf and Gertrude Käsebier open portrait studios in New York City. The Auburn University Marching Band is created at Auburn University in Auburn, senator from Illinois from 1940 to 1949 March 11 – Henry Cowell, composer April 26 – Eddie Eagan, Olympic gold medal boxer and bobsledder May 6 – William A. Purtell, U. S. Senator from Connecticut in 1952 and from 1953 to 1959 June 6 – Homer E. Capehart, senator from Indiana from 1945 to 1963 July 9 – Albert C. Senator from Georgia from 1933 to 1971 November 8 – Dorothy Day, journalist and social activist April 10 – Daniel W. Voorhees, senator from Indiana from 1877 to 1897 August 14 – James Z. George, U. S. Senator from Mississippi from 1881 to 1897 October 3 – Samuel J. R. McMillan, senator from Minnesota from 1875 to 1887 October 11 – Charles W. Jones, Ireland-born U. S
6.
1898 in the United States
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Events from the year 1898 in the United States. The city is divided into five boroughs, Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx. February 15 – The USS Maine explodes and sinks in Havana harbor, Cuba, popular opinion blames Spain and helps precipitate the Spanish–American War. March 28 – After an investigation, the U. S. Navy publicly concludes that the USS Maine was sunk by a mine, April 5 – Annie Oakley promotes the service of women in combat situations with the United States military. In the history of women in the military, there are records of female U. S, April 21 – Spanish–American War, The United States Navy begins a blockade of Cuban ports and the USS Nashville captures a Spanish merchant ship. April 25 – Spanish–American War, The United States declares war on Spain, April 29, Union Razor Company, which today is known as KA-BAR Knives, founded in Tidioute, Pennsylvania. May 1 – Spanish–American War – Battle of Manila Bay, Commodore Dewey destroys the Spanish squadron, the first battle of the war, as well as the first battle in the Philippines Campaign. May 12 – Bombardment of San Juan, the first major battle of the Puerto Rico Campaign during the Spanish–American War, june 1 – The Trans-Mississippi Exposition Worlds Fair opens in Omaha, Nebraska. July 1 – Spanish–American War, Battle of San Juan Hill – American forces capture the San Juan Heights near Santiago de Cuba, theodore Roosevelt memorably leads the charge of the Rough Riders. July 3 Spanish–American War, Battle of Santiago de Cuba – The United States Navy destroys the Spanish Navys Caribbean Squadron, joshua Slocum completes a 3-year solo circumnavigation of the world. July 7 – The United States annexes the Hawaiian Islands, july 17 – Spanish–American War, – Battle of Santiago Bay, Troops under United States General William R. Shafter take the city of Santiago de Cuba from the Spanish. July 25 – Spanish–American War, The United States invasion of Puerto Rico begins with a landing at Guánica Bay, august 13 – Spanish–American War, Hostilities end between American and Spanish forces in Cuba. October 3 – Battle of Sugar Point, Ojibwe tribesmen defeat U. S. government troops in northern Minnesota, october 6 – The Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Fraternity is founded at the New England Conservatory in Boston. November 10 - The Wilmington Insurrection of 1898, A coup détat by white supremacists, november 26 – A 2-day blizzard known as the Portland Gale piles snow in Boston, Massachusetts, and severely impacts the Massachusetts fishing industry and several coastal New England towns. December 10 – The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Spanish–American War, wakita is founded in the Cherokee Strip, Oklahoma. As a result of the merger of small oil companies, John D. Rockefellers Standard Oil Company controls 84% of the United Statess oil. Gay Nineties Progressive Era Lochner era March 3 – Thomas R. Underwood, july 14 – Happy Chandler, United States Senator from Kentucky from 1955 till 1959. September 9 – Styles Bridges, United States Senator from New Hampshire from 1937 to 1961, november 13 – Wallace F. Bennett, United States Senator from Utah from 1951 till 1974
7.
Flag of the United States
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The flag of the United States, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. S. Nicknames for the flag include The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, the current design of the U. S. flag is its 27th, the design of the flag has been modified officially 26 times since 1777. The 48-star flag was in effect for 47 years until the 49-star version became official on July 4,1959, the 50-star flag was ordered by the then president Eisenhower on August 21,1959, and was adopted in July 1960. It is the version of the U. S. flag and has been in use for over 56 years. At the time of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the flag contemporaneously known as the Continental Colors has historically been referred to as the first national flag. The name Grand Union was first applied to the Continental Colors by George Preble in his 1872 history of the American flag, the flag closely resembles the British East India Company flag of the era, and Sir Charles Fawcett argued in 1937 that the company flag inspired the design. Both flags could have been constructed by adding white stripes to a British Red Ensign. However, an East India Company flag could have nine to 13 stripes. In any case, both the stripes and the stars have precedents in classical heraldry, Flag Day is now observed on June 14 of each year. While scholars still argue about this, tradition holds that the new flag was first hoisted in June 1777 by the Continental Army at the Middlebrook encampment. The first official U. S. flag flown during battle was on August 3,1777, Massachusetts reinforcements brought news of the adoption by Congress of the official flag to Fort Schuyler. A voucher is extant that Capt. Swartwout of Dutchess County was paid by Congress for his coat for the flag, the 1777 resolution was most probably meant to define a naval ensign. In the late 18th century, the notion of a flag did not yet exist. The flag resolution appears between other resolutions from the Marine Committee, on May 10,1779, Secretary of the Board of War Richard Peters expressed concern it is not yet settled what is the Standard of the United States. However, the term, Standard, referred to a standard for the Army of the United States. Each regiment was to carry the standard in addition to its regimental standard. The national standard was not a reference to the national or naval flag, the appearance was up to the maker of the flag. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows, one arrangement features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle, the so-called Betsy Ross flag
8.
Timeline of United States history
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This is a timeline of United States history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political and economic events in the United States and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of the United States, some dates before September 14,1752, when the British government adopted the Gregorian calendar, may be given in the Old Style
9.
Supreme Court of the United States
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The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest federal court of the United States. In the legal system of the United States, the Supreme Court is the interpreter of federal constitutional law. The Court normally consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight justices who are nominated by the President. Once appointed, justices have life tenure unless they resign, retire, in modern discourse, the justices are often categorized as having conservative, moderate, or liberal philosophies of law and of judicial interpretation. Each justice has one vote, and while many cases are decided unanimously, the Court meets in the United States Supreme Court Building in Washington, D. C. The Supreme Court is sometimes referred to as SCOTUS, in analogy to other acronyms such as POTUS. The ratification of the United States Constitution established the Supreme Court in 1789 and its powers are detailed in Article Three of the Constitution. The Supreme Court is the court specifically established by the Constitution. The Court first convened on February 2,1790, by which five of its six initial positions had been filled. According to historian Fergus Bordewich, in its first session, he Supreme Court convened for the first time at the Royal Exchange Building on Broad Street and they had no cases to consider. After a week of inactivity, they adjourned until September, the sixth member was not confirmed until May 12,1790. Because the full Court had only six members, every decision that it made by a majority was made by two-thirds. However, Congress has always allowed less than the Courts full membership to make decisions, under Chief Justices Jay, Rutledge, and Ellsworth, the Court heard few cases, its first decision was West v. Barnes, a case involving a procedural issue. The Courts power and prestige grew substantially during the Marshall Court, the Marshall Court also ended the practice of each justice issuing his opinion seriatim, a remnant of British tradition, and instead issuing a single majority opinion. Also during Marshalls tenure, although beyond the Courts control, the impeachment, the Taney Court made several important rulings, such as Sheldon v. Nevertheless, it is primarily remembered for its ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford, which helped precipitate the Civil War. In the Reconstruction era, the Chase, Waite, and Fuller Courts interpreted the new Civil War amendments to the Constitution, during World War II, the Court continued to favor government power, upholding the internment of Japanese citizens and the mandatory pledge of allegiance. Nevertheless, Gobitis was soon repudiated, and the Steel Seizure Case restricted the pro-government trend, the Warren Court dramatically expanded the force of Constitutional civil liberties. It held that segregation in public schools violates equal protection and that traditional legislative district boundaries violated the right to vote
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Media related to 1896 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
