1.
Michigan Wolverines football
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The Michigan Wolverines football program represents the University of Michigan in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. Michigan has the most all-time wins and the highest winning percentage in college football history, Michigan began competing in intercollegiate football in 1879. The Wolverines joined the Big Ten Conference at its inception in 1896, Michigan has won or shared 42 league titles, and, since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936, has finished in the top 10 a total of 37 times. The Wolverines claim 11 national championships, most recently that of the 1997 squad voted atop the final AP Poll. From 1900 to 1989, Michigan was led by a series of nine head coaches, Fielding H. Fritz Crisler brought his winged helmet from Princeton University in 1938 and led the 1947 Wolverines to a national title and Michigans second Rose Bowl win. Bo Schembechler coached the team for 21 seasons in which he won 13 Big Ten titles and 194 games, a program record. Following Schembechlers retirement, the program was coached by two of his assistants, Gary Moeller and then Lloyd Carr, who maintained the programs overall success over the next 18 years. However, the programs fortunes declined under the two coaches, Rich Rodriguez and Brady Hoke, who were both fired after relatively short tenures. Following Hokes dismissal, Michigan hired Jim Harbaugh on December 30,2014, Harbaugh is a former quarterback of the team, having played for Michigan between 1982 and 1986 under Schembechler. The Michigan Wolverines have featured 78 players that have garnered consensus selection to the College Football All-America Team, Three Wolverines have won the Heisman Trophy, Tom Harmon in 1940, Desmond Howard in 1991, and Charles Woodson in 1997. Gerald Ford, who would become the 38th President of the United States. On May 30,1879, Michigan played its first intercollegiate game against Racine College at White Stocking Park in Chicago. The Chicago Tribune called it the first rugby-football game to be played west of the Alleghenies, midway through the first inning, Irving Kane Pond scored the first touchdown for Michigan. According to Will Perrys history of Michigan football, the crowd responded to Ponds plays with cheers of Pond Forever, in 1881, Michigan played against Harvard in Boston. The game that marked the birth of inter-sectional football, on their way to a game in Chicago in 1887, Michigan players stopped in South Bend, Indiana and introduced football to students at the University of Notre Dame. A November 23 contest marked the inception of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football program, in 1894, Michigan defeated Cornell, which was the first time in collegiate football history that a western school defeated an established power from the east. By 1898 Amos Alonzo Stagg was fast at work at turning the University of Chicago football program into a powerhouse. Before the final game of the 1898 season, Chicago was 9–1–1 and Michigan was 9–0, Michigan won, 12–11, capturing the programs first conference championship in a game that inspired The Victors, which later became the schools fight song
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Big Ten Conference
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The Big Ten Conference, formerly Western Conference and Big Nine Conference, is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States. The conference includes the public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska. The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H, in 1905, the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference Athletic Association. Big Ten member institutions are predominantly major flagship research universities with large financial endowments, large student enrollment is also a hallmark of Big Ten universities, as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students. Northwestern University, one of just two members with a total enrollment of fewer than 30,000 students, is the lone private university among Big Ten membership. Collectively, Big Ten universities educate more than 520,000 total students and have 5.7 million living alumni, Big Ten universities engage in $9.3 billion in funded research each year. Big Ten universities are members of the Big Ten Academic Alliance. In 2014–2015, members generated more than $10 billion in research expenditures, Johns Hopkins University was invited in 2012 to join the Big Ten as an associate member participating in mens lacrosse only. In 2015, it was accepted as an associate member in womens lacrosse. Notre Dame is scheduled to join the Big Ten in 2017 as a member in mens ice hockey. Notes Notes Notes The University of Chicago was a co-founder of the conference, lake Forest College attended the original 1895 meeting that led to the formation of the conference, but did not join it. Full members Full members Sport Affiliate Other Conference Other Conference The Big Ten Conference sponsors championship competition in 14 mens and 14 womens NCAA sanctioned sports, Notes, * Notre Dame will join the Big Ten in the 2017–18 school year as an affiliate member in mens ice hockey. It continues to field its other sports in the ACC except in football where it will continue to compete as an independent, ° Johns Hopkins joined the Big Ten in 2014 as an affiliate member in mens lacrosse, with womens lacrosse to follow in 2016. Ohio State and Penn State, like most NCAA fencing schools, have coed teams,2, Mens rowing, whether heavyweight or lightweight, is not governed by the NCAA, but instead by the Intercollegiate Rowing Association. Rutgers Mens Rowing was downgraded to Club status in 2008,3, Unlike rifle, pistol is not an NCAA-governed sport. 4, Rifle is technically a mens sport, but mens, womens, Ohio State fields a coed team. The eligibility of student-athletes was one of the topics of discussion. The Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives was founded at a meeting on February 8,1896
3.
Gustave Ferbert
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Gustave Herman Ferbert, nicknamed Dutch, was first a player and then the head coach for the University of Michigan American football team. In 1898, his Michigan team went 10–0 and won the first Western Conference championship in the schools history and he left the University of Michigan in 1900 and spent nine years prospecting for gold in Alaska, finally striking it rich off claims he discovered in 1908 and 1909. Ferbert was born in 1873 to John C, Ferbert and Caroline Stlbbinger at Cleveland, Ohio. Ferbert played quarterback and right halfback for the University of Michigan from 1893 to 1896, during the four years Ferbert played, the Michigan team compiled an overall record of 33–4–1. In his senior year,1896, the team went 9–1, in a 20–0 victory over Minnesota, Ferbert scored two touchdowns. However, the team lost the game of the season to the University of Chicago, 7–6. The newspapers reported that Pingree was the thing for Michigan in the first half. Neither team resorted to trick plays, both relying on straight, hard football, toward the end of the second half, it got very dark, and the spectators were treated to a novelty in the shape of a football by electric light. In December 1896, Febert was unanimously selected as the captain of Michigans 1897 football team, Ferbert began his career as a football player in the Ann Arbor high school team. During a majority of the time he has played on the team he has acted as field captain, after his graduation, Ferbert was named as Michigans head football coach at age 22. In 1897, Ferberts team was 6–1–1 and finished third in the Western Conference, Ferberts team played to a scoreless tie against an Ohio Wesleyan team coached by Fielding H. Yost. Ferbert was Michigans head coach in the first match in The Michigan-Ohio State Game, on October 16,1897, the teams met at Regents Field in Ann Arbor, where Michigan won, 34–0. The Michigan Daily reported, Michigan had no trouble in defeating the Ohio State University representatives in Saturdays game, two halves of 20 and 15 minutes respectively were played and the score was 34-0. All the scoring took place in the first half, and the score would have much worse if Ferbert had wanted to run up a higher score. The 1898 Wolverines went 10–0 and won the Western Conference championship, the first great Michigan football team, the 1898 group outscored its opponents 205 to 26. In the first meeting with what would become Michigan State, Michigan prevailed 39–0, the team finished the season traveling to Chicago for a final game against Amos Alonzo Staggs University of Chicago team on November 24,1898. Led by All-American center, William Cunningham, Michigan came out on top, 12–11, a newspaper account described Michigans victory this way, The western football championship goes to Michigan. On a field that was perfect for fast football, and before a crowd of 12,000 the maroons of Chicago went down before the maize
4.
Allen Steckle
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Steckle was an American football player and coach. Steckle was selected as an All-American in 1898 and achieved fame in 1903 when his Nevada Sagebrush team, drawn from a school with 80 students, Steckle was born in July 1872 at Freeport, Michigan. Steckle, was born in Waterloo Township, Ontario, Canada, in 1842 and his mother, Sarah Steckle, was also a native of Waterloo Township. His parents were married in December 1867 in Waterloo County, Ontario, at the time of the 1880 United States Census, Steckle was residing with his parents and six siblings in Campbell Township, Michigan. Steckle played football for the University of Michigan from 1897 to 1899 and was captain of the 1899 team, in 1898, Steckle was among the first western players to be named to an All-American team after being selected by Walter Camp as his second-team tackle. He helped Michigan win its first Western Conference championship in 1898 and was selected as the best tackle in the West, one newspaper wrote that he was as good a defensive player as one will find anywhere. From 1901 to 1903, Steckle served as the football coach at the University of Nevada. In 1903, he was appointed to the position as the universitys Physical Director. In his three seasons as the coach, he compiled a 6–9–2 record. When Steckles Nevada Sagebrush team defeated the University of California in 1903, the entire front page of the Daily Nevada State Journal was given to coverage of the game, and the banner headline read, CALIFORNIAS PROUD COLORS LOWERED BY THE DOUGHTY ELEVEN FROM SAGEBRUSHDOM. He made of them the peers of the flower of the California universities, Steckles star players at Nevada from 1901 to 1903 were his younger brother Ivan X. Steckle, who played halfback, and Abe Steckle, who played tackle. Ivan Steckle was reportedly the hero of all Nevada during the season of 1903. Ivan left Nevada after the 1903 season to follow his brother to the University of Michigan Medical School. Ivan died from fever in 1909, and Steckle accompanied his brothers body to the familys old home in Freeport. In 1919, a Nevada newspaper rated Steckle as the best football coach Nevada ever had and described his accomplishments as follows and he was rated at that time as one of the best coaches in the West. Steckle was also remembered at Nevada for his ability to instill college spirit in the student body. In 1919, a Nevada newspaper noted that there was more enthusiasm displayed in college athletics while he was coach than there has been in all the years since he left, as a medical doctor and athletic coach, Steckle was also known for his belief in physical conditioning. He was known to require every athlete to be in physical condition before playing in any intercollegiate or big game
5.
Regents Field
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Ferry Field was the home field for the University of Michigan football team from 1893 to 1905. It was located along South State Street in Ann Arbor, Michigan, the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan authorized $3,000 in 1890 for the purchase of land to build a new football field. The following May, they added $4,500 more for the purpose of fitting up the athletic field, the facility was simply named the Athletic Field upon completion. The first home game at the Athletic Field was a 6–0 victory over the Detroit Athletic Club on October 7,1893, the following year in 1894, the Athletic Association change the name of the field to Regents Field, which it would be known as until 1902. In 1902, Detroit businessman Dexter M. Ferry donated the land north of Regents Field to the university. In June 1902, Regents Field was renamed Ferry Field, when it opened, Ferry Field had a single wooden bleacher section that seated 400 people. The bleachers burned down in 1895 and were replaced the year with a new covered grandstand seating 800. Because of the demand for tickets, additional open bleachers seating about 6,000 were built adjoining the covered grandstand, the Athletic Association also had one thousand circus seats and materials for sloping platforms which will permit 8,000 more people to view a football game. Bleachers were later constructed along the side of the field. The largest crowd ever at Ferry Field was for the second to last game at the old stadium, by one account,17,000 fans watched the Wolverines defeat Wisconsin in the 1905 homecoming game. In the 1890s a three dollar membership in the Athletic Association gained students admission to all athletic events, by 1904 a general admission ticket cost $3.00. Michigan compiled an record of 87–2–3 at Ferry Field from 1893 to 1905. Between 1901 and 1904, Fielding H. Yosts Point-a-Minute teams went 44–0 at Ferry Field, in 1904, the Wolverines beat the undefeated University of Chicago team at Ferry Field. Portions of the game and several shots of the field were filmed by the Edison Manufacturing Company in one of the earliest successful attempts to film a football game. Ferry Field Michigan Wolverines football Edison Film of 1904 Football Game at Regents Field, Part 1 Edison Film of 1904 Football Game at Regents Field, Part 2
6.
1898 Michigan Wolverines football team
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The 1898 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1898 Western Conference football season. The 1898 season included the first meeting in the Michigan - Michigan State football rivalry with Michigan winning the game by a score of 39–0. The 1898 Wolverines shut out a total of six opponents, including Notre Dame, the team concluded its season by playing Amos Alonzo Staggs University of Chicago team for the Western Conference championship. The Wolverines beat the favored Chicago Maroons by a 12–11 score in a game that inspired Louis Elbel to write Michigans fight song The Victors, several Michigan players received post-season honors. Halfback Charles Widman was the scoring leader with 12 touchdowns. Center William Cunningham was selected as a first-team All-American by Caspar Whitney in Harpers Weekly – the first Michigan football player to receive first-team All-American honors, Walter Camp selected two Michigan players, Cunningham and tackle Allen Steckle, as second-team All-Americans. By 1897, the finances of the Michigan Athletic Association under constantly changing student control were at a low ebb. In 1898, the Association asked Charles A. Baird, formerly a student manager of the football team, Baird was given complete control of all branches of athletics at Michigan in order to induce him to return to the school. One of Bairds first moves was to persuade trainer Keene Fitzpatrick to rejoin him at the school, Fitzpatrick had been the trainer of the 1894 and 1895 teams, but spent the 1896 and 1897 seasons as the trainer for Yales football team. Baird and Fitzpatrick have been credited with much of the success of the 1898 football team, Gustave Ferbert, who had played on the 1893–1895 teams managed by Baird, stayed on as coach in 1898. The 1897 team had finished with a record of 6–1–1, losing the Western Conference championship on the last day of the season to the University of Chicago. Several key linemen from the 1897 team returned in 1898, including ends John W. F. Bennett and Clayton Teetzel, tackle Allen Steckle, guard William Caley, Michigan opened its 1898 season with a 21–0 win over Michigan State Normal School. The game was considered to be essentially a game in which the coaches played 24 men at different times to assess their abilities. Michigans first touchdown came after three minutes of play on a drive started on Normals 40-yard line. Waldo Avery ran around end for 22 yards and subsequently ran across the line from the 10-yard line. Leo J. Keena kicked the goal from touchdown, George Whitcomb scored the second touchdown on a 15-yard run, and Neil Snow scored the third touchdown of the half after recovering a fumbled punt. The second half was reported to be a poor exhibition of football with substitutes playing at most positions. Michigans sole points of the half came on a fumble recovery by William Louis Day
7.
1900 Michigan Wolverines football team
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The 1900 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1900 Western Conference football season. The teams head coach was the four-time All-American from Princeton and future College Football Hall of Fame inductee, the team opened the season with six wins, but went 1–2–1 in the final four games for an overall record of 7–2–1. After the 1900 season, Michigan replaced Lea with a new coach from the Stanford University, Yost took over in 1901 and led the Wolverines to four consecutive undefeated seasons. Michigan opened the 1900 season with three games, all played at Regents Field in Ann Arbor. The team won the three games by a score of 64 to 6. The first game was a 29–0 win over Hillsdale College, after the game, The New York Times reported that Hillsdale was on the defensive throughout the game, and Coach Lea was pleased with the showing made by the team. The second game of the season was an 11–0 win over Kalamazoo College, on the opening kickoff, Everett Sweeley ran back the kickoff 105 yards for a touchdown behind the blocking of Neil Snow. Michigans second touchdown was scored by Hugh White, Michigans third game was a 24-6 win over Case Scientific School from Cleveland. Case scored its only touchdown on a kick that was recovered by a Case player in Michigans endzone. Michigan opened its Western Conference schedule on October 20,1900, Michigan won its second Western Conference game against Illinois on October 27,1900, on Marshall Field in Chicago. Michigan won 12 to 0 on touchdowns by Hugh White and Woodard, both touch-downs were scored in the first half. The first resulted from constant hammering at the Illinois line, which carried the ball from the line across the goal. Michigan won its third consecutive Western Conference game against Indiana at Regents Field on November 3, the Wolverines won the game by a score of 12 to 0. The New York Times reported that Indiana kept the score down by repeated punting when she had the ball, Michigan faced Iowa on November 11 at Bennett Park in Detroit. Iowa beat the Wolverines 28 to 5, and The New York Times reported that the men in the old gold sweaters from Iowa completely outplayed and outclassed the Michigan men. Michigans only points came on a kick by Everett Sweeley from the thirty-five yard line just before the end of the second half. Eby and Edson each scored two touchdowns for Iowa, Michigan defeated Notre Dame on November 17 at Regents Field in Ann Arbor by a score of 7 to 0. The Wolverines scored two points on a safety when Notre Dames kicker missed the ball on a punt from behind the goal line
8.
1899 Chicago Maroons football team
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The 1899 Chicago Maroons football team represented the University of Chicago during the 1899 college football season and won the Western Conference championship. In their eighth season under head coach Amos Alonzo Stagg, the Maroons compiled a 16–0–2 overall record, in intercollegiate games, the Maroons compiled a 12–0–2 record and a 4–0 record against Western Conference opponents. The only two blemishes were tie games with Iowa and Penn, the Maroons shut out 13 opponents, scored 505 points, and allowed only 28 points on defense. The Maroons played their first 17 games at home on Marshall Field in Chicago, the final game of the season was a post-season match against Wisconsin at Randall Field in Madison, Wisconsin. Chicago defeated Wisconsin by a 17–0 score to claim the championship of the Western Conference. Chicago opened its 1899 season with four matches against high school teams. The Maroons won all four games by a score of 98 to 0. On September 23,1899, Chicago opened its football season with a 40–0 victory over the team from Knox College. The game began at 3,45 p. m. and was played at Marshall Field in halves of 25 and 20 minutes, Henry scored three touchdowns, and Slaker, Hamill, Wellington, and Feil scored one touchdown each. Kennedy kicked five goals from touchdown, hamills touchdown was scored on a run of 102 yards, the longest run in Marshall Field history to that point. Chicagos lineup against Knox was Rich, Wellington and Sheldon, Feil, Webb, Cooke, J. Webb, Cassels, Kennedy, Hamill and Horton, Henry, and Slaker. On September 30,1899, Chicago defeated the team from the College of Physicians & Surgeons by a 12–0 score, the game was played in 25-minute halves at Marshall Field. Slaker and Hamill each scored a touchdown, and Kennedy kicked two goals from touchdown, Henry and two Physicians & Surgeons players were ejected from the game for unnecessary roughness. Chicagos lineup against the Physicians & Surgeons was Cassels, Webb, Ervin and Ahlswede, Speed, Cooke and Feil, Wellington, Kennedy, Hamill, Henry, on October 4,1899, Chicago played a midweek game against Notre Dame. The Maroons won by a 23–6 score at Marshall Field, Slaker and Hamill scored two touchdowns each for Chicago, and Kennedy kicked three goals from touchdown. Hamills play was reported to be the feature of the game as he twice had runs of over 100 yards, Chicagos starting lineup against Notre Dame was Sheldon, Rich and Place, Wellington, Ahlswede and Cook, Speed and C. Webb, Feil and Erwin, Webb, Cassels, Kennedy and Henry, Hamill, Henry and Horton, on October 7,1899, Chicago played to a 5–5 tie against Iowa that finished the season undefeated with an 8–0–1 record. Chicago, playing without its captain Kennedy, was unable to score a touchdown, Chicagos lineup against Iowa was Sheldon, Wellington, Flannagan and Feil, Speed, Ahlswede, Webb, Cassells, Holste, Hamill, Henry, and Slaker
9.
University of Michigan
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The University of Michigan, frequently referred to simply as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817 in Detroit as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania,20 years before the Michigan Territory became a state, in 1821, the university was officially renamed the University of Michigan. It moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto 40 acres of what is now known as Central Campus, the University was a founding member of the Association of American Universities. Considered one of the foremost research universities in the United States, Michigans body of living alumni comprises more than 540,000 people, one of the largest alumni bases of any university in the world. Besides academic life, Michigans athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Wolverines. They are members of the Big Ten Conference, the University of Michigan was established in Detroit on August 26,1817 as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania, by the governor and judges of Michigan Territory. Judge Augustus B. Woodward specifically invited The Rev. John Monteith and Father Gabriel Richard, Monteith became its first President and held seven of the professorships, and Richard was Vice President and held the other six professorships. Concurrently, Ann Arbor had set aside 40 acres in the hopes of being selected as the state capital, but when Lansing was chosen as the state capital, the city offered the land for a university. What would become the university moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 thanks to Governor Stevens T. Mason, the original 40 acres was the basis of the present Central Campus. The first classes in Ann Arbor were held in 1841, with six freshmen, eleven students graduated in the first commencement in 1845. By 1866, enrollment increased to 1,205 students, many of whom were Civil War veterans, Women were first admitted in 1870. U-M also became the first American university to use the method of study. Among the early students in the School of Medicine was Jose Celso Barbosa, who in 1880 graduated as valedictorian and he returned to Puerto Rico to practice medicine and also served in high-ranking posts in the government. In 1920 the university reorganized the College of Engineering and formed a committee of 100 industrialists to guide academic research initiatives. The university became a choice for bright Jewish students from New York in the 1920s and 1930s. Because of its standards, U-M gained the nickname Harvard of the West. During World War II, U-Ms research supported military efforts, such as U. S. Navy projects in proximity fuzes, PT boats, and radar jamming. After the war, enrollment expanded rapidly and by 1950, it reached 21,000, as the Cold War and the Space Race took hold, U-M received numerous government grants for strategic research and helped to develop peacetime uses for nuclear energy
10.
Penn Quakers football
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The Penn Quakers football team is the college football team at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Penn has played in 1,364 football games, the most of any school in any division, Penn plays its home games at historic Franklin Field, the oldest stadium in football. All Penn games are broadcast on WNTP or WFIL radio, Penn bills itself as college footballs most historic program. The Quakers have had 63 First Team All-Americans, and the college is the alma mater of John Heisman, the team has won a share of 7 national championships and competed in the granddaddy of them all in 1917. Penns total of 837 wins puts them 11th all-time in college football,18 members of the College Football Hall of Fame played at Penn and 5 members of the College Football Hall of Fame coached at Penn. Penn has had 11 unbeaten seasons, Penn is one of the few college football teams to have had an exclusive contract with a network for broadcasting all their home games. For the 1950 season, ABC Sports broadcast all of Penns home games, the only other teams to have exclusive contracts are Miami and Notre Dame. The Quakers competed as an independent until 1956, when they accepted the invitation to join the Ivy League. See, NCAA #Football television controversy Penn joined the Ivy League in 1956 when it was formed, Penn won its 1st Ivy League Football Championship in 1959. It was not until 1982,23 years later, that Penn would win its 2nd Ivy League Football Championship, since that year Penn has become a dominant football power in the Ivy League. They are tied with Dartmouth in winning a record 18 Ivy League Football Championships, Penn, however, is first in outright Ivy League titles, and first in undefeated Ivy League titles. NCAA record for most college football games played -1,364, NCAA record for consecutive overtime losses -3 games Most outright Ivy League titles -13, Highest number of unbeaten Ivy League seasons -8, Longest Ivy League winning streak -20 straight games. Penn also holds the next two Longest Ivy League win streaks, record 18 Ivy League Football Championships. Penns home stadium Franklin Field is not only the oldest stadium in football, brooke - Twice All-America, College football Hall of Fame. Outland - namesake of the Outland Trophy, College Football Hall of Fame Penns total of three major award winners surpasses several BCS programs to this day. A total of 51 players from Penn have been drafted in the NFL, including NFL Hall of Famers Chuck Bednarik and Bert Bell and NFL first-round pick Skip Minisi. List of Penn Quakers in the NFL Draft Penns rivalry with Cornell is the 5th-most played college football rivalry of all time and their first game was in 1893 and have played every year since, except in 1918. Penn leads in the series, 72–46–5, since the official formation of the Ivy League in 1956 Penn has won 31 games and Cornell has won 29 games
11.
Wisconsin Badgers football
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The Wisconsin Badgers football team is the intercollegiate football team of University of Wisconsin–Madison. The Badgers have competed in the Big Ten Conference since its formation in 1896 and they play their home games at Camp Randall Stadium, the fourth-oldest stadium in college football. Wisconsin has had two Heisman Trophy winners, Alan Ameche and Ron Dayne, and have had nine former players inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, as of January 2,2017, the Badgers have an all-time record of 685–489–53. The teams nickname originates in the history of Wisconsin. In the 1820s and 1830s, prospectors came to the looking for minerals. Without shelter in the winter, the miners had to live like badgers in tunnels burrowed into hillsides, the first Badger football team took the field in 1889, losing the only two games it played that season. In 1890, Wisconsin earned its first victory with a 106–0 drubbing of Whitewater Normal School, however, the very next week the Badgers suffered what remains their most lopsided defeat, a humiliating 63–0 loss at the hands of the University of Minnesota. Since then, the Badgers and Gophers have met 122 times, upon the formation of the Big Ten conference in 1896, Wisconsin became the first-ever conference champion with a 7–1–1 record. Over the next ten years, the Badgers won or shared the title three more times, and recorded their first undefeated season, going 9–0–0. With the exception of their undefeated season in 1912, in which they won their fifth Big Ten title. The 1912 season would be their last conference title until 1952, the team posted mostly winning seasons over the next several seasons however. 1942 was an important year for Wisconsin football, on October 24, the #6 ranked Badgers defeated the #1 ranked Ohio State Buckeyes at Camp Randall, catapulting Wisconsin to the #2 spot in the AP poll. Unfortunately for the Badgers, their championship hopes were dashed in a 6–0 defeat by the Iowa Hawkeyes the following week. Nevertheless, Wisconsin won the remainder of its games, finishing the season 8–1–1 and #3 in the AP, afterwards, the Badgers struggled to regain their momentum, with their efforts hampered by many of their star players leaving as a result of World War II. In the late 1940s, fans began insisting that head coach Harry Stuhldreher resign, many times chanting Goodbye Harry, especially during 1948, Stuhldreher stepped down as head coach, while keeping his duties as athletic director. Stuhldreher then named Ivy Williamson as head coach The Badgers experienced great success during the 1950s under Williamson, in one stretch, from 1950-1954, the Badgers went 26-8-3. In 1952, the received its first #1 ranking by the Associated Press. That season, the Badgers again claimed the Big Ten title, there they were defeated 7–0 by the Southern California, and would finish the season ranked #11 in the AP
12.
Alaska
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Alaska is a U. S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America. To the north are the Chukchi and Beaufort seas–the southern parts of the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean lies to the south and southwest. Alaska is the largest state in the United States by area, the 3rd least populous, approximately half of Alaskas residents live within the Anchorage metropolitan area. Alaskas economy is dominated by the fishing, natural gas, military bases and tourism are also a significant part of the economy. The United States purchased Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30,1867, the area went through several administrative changes before becoming organized as a territory on May 11,1912. It was admitted as the 49th state of the U. S. on January 3,1959, the name Alaska was introduced in the Russian colonial period when it was used to refer to the peninsula. It was derived from an Aleut, or Unangam idiom, which refers to the mainland of Alaska. Literally, it means object to which the action of the sea is directed, Alaska is the northernmost and westernmost state in the United States and has the most easterly longitude in the United States because the Aleutian Islands extend into the Eastern Hemisphere. Alaska is the only non-contiguous U. S. state on continental North America and it is technically part of the continental U. S. but is sometimes not included in colloquial use, Alaska is not part of the contiguous U. S. often called the Lower 48. The capital city, Juneau, is situated on the mainland of the North American continent but is not connected by road to the rest of the North American highway system. Alaskas territorial waters touch Russias territorial waters in the Bering Strait, as the Russian Big Diomede Island, Alaska has a longer coastline than all the other U. S. states combined. Alaska is the largest state in the United States by total area at 663,268 square miles, over twice the size of Texas, Alaska is larger than all but 18 sovereign countries. Counting territorial waters, Alaska is larger than the area of the next three largest states, Texas, California, and Montana. It is also larger than the area of the 22 smallest U. S. states. Also referred to as the Panhandle or Inside Passage, this is the region of Alaska closest to the rest of the United States, as such, this was where most of the initial non-indigenous settlement occurred in the years following the Alaska Purchase. The region is dominated by the Alexander Archipelago as well as the Tongass National Forest and it contains the state capital Juneau, the former capital Sitka, and Ketchikan, at one time Alaskas largest city. The Alaska Marine Highway provides a vital transportation link throughout the area. The Interior is the largest region of Alaska, much of it is uninhabited wilderness, Fairbanks is the only large city in the region
13.
Klondike Gold Rush
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The Klondike Gold Rush was a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada between 1896 and 1899. Gold was discovered there by miners on August 16,1896 and. Some became wealthy, but the majority went in vain and it has been immortalized in photographs, books, films, and artifacts. To reach the fields most took the route through the ports of Dyea. Here, the Klondikers could follow either the Chilkoot or the White Pass trails to the Yukon River, each of them was required to bring a years supply of food by the Canadian authorities in order to prevent starvation. In all, their equipment weighed close to a ton, which for most had to be carried in stages by themselves, together with mountainous terrain and cold climate this meant that those who persisted did not arrive until summer 1898. Once there, they found few opportunities and many left disappointed, mining was challenging as the ore was distributed in an uneven manner and digging was made slow by permafrost. As a result, some chose to buy and sell claims, building up huge investments. To accommodate the prospectors, boom towns sprang up along the routes and at their end Dawson City was founded at the confluence of the Klondike, from a population of 500 in 1896, the town grew to house around 30,000 people by summer 1898. Built of wood, isolated and unsanitary, Dawson suffered from fires, high prices, despite this, the wealthiest prospectors spent extravagantly gambling and drinking in the saloons. The Native Hän people, on the hand, suffered from the rush, being moved into a reserve to make way for the stampeders. From 1898, the newspapers that had encouraged so many to travel to the Klondike lost interest in it. In the summer of 1899, gold was discovered around Nome in west Alaska, the boom towns declined and the population of Dawson City fell. Gold mining activity lasted until 1903 when production peaked after heavier equipment was brought in, since then the Klondike has been mined on and off, and today the legacy draws tourists to the region and contributes to its prosperity. The indigenous peoples in north-west America had traded in copper prior to European expansion. Most of the tribes were aware that gold existed in region, in the second half of the 19th century, American prospectors began to spread into the area. Making deals with the Native Tlingit and Tagish tribes, the early prospectors opened the important routes of Chilkoot and White Pass, here, they encountered the Hän people, semi-nomadic hunters and fishermen who lived along the Yukon and Klondike Rivers. The Hän did not appear to know about the extent of the deposits in the region
14.
Hillsdale Chargers
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The Hillsdale Chargers are the athletic teams that represent Hillsdale College, located in Hillsdale, Michigan, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sporting competitions. The Chargers are currently members of Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, the Chargers had been members of the GLIAC since 1975. The college also has teams and intramural sports that vary from year to year. The Hillsdale College Chargers football teams play their games at Frank Muddy Waters Stadium. The stadium has a seating capacity of 8,500 spectators. Football coach Muddy Waters was the coach at Hillsdale from 1954 to 1973. The football stadium is named in his honor, the mens and womens basketball programs of Hillsdale College play their home games in the newly renovated Dawn Tibbetts Potter Arena. The arena is located within the Roche Sports Complex and is adjacent to Frank Muddy Waters Stadium and it has a maximum seating capacity of 2,200 spectators. However, additional standing room is available, the womens volleyball team of Hillsdale College play their home games in the newly renovated Dawn Tibbetts Potter Arena, formerly known as the Jesse Phillips Arena. The Chargers baseball team plays their games at Simpson Field. Currently Eric Theisen serves as the head coach, the Chargers made their first appearance in the NCAA tournament in 2016 where they fell to the Grand Valley State Lakers and the Indianapolis Greyhounds
15.
Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Ann Arbor is a city in the U. S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Washtenaw County. The 2010 census recorded its population to be 113,934, the citys population was estimated at 117,070 as of July 2015 by the U. S. Census Bureau. The Ann Arbor Metropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Washtenaw County, the city is also part of the larger Detroit–Ann Arbor–Flint, MI Combined Statistical Area with a population of 5,318,744. Ann Arbor was founded in 1824, named for wives of the villages founders, the University of Michigan moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837, and the city grew at a rapid rate in the early to mid-20th century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as a center for left-wing politics, Ann Arbor became a focal point for political activism and anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as various student movements. Ann Arbor is home to the University of Michigan, one of the foremost research universities in the United States, the university shapes Ann Arbors economy significantly as it employs about 30,000 workers, including about 12,000 in the medical center. The citys economy is centered on high technology, with several companies drawn to the area by the universitys research and development infrastructure. In about 1774, the Potawatomi founded two villages in the area of what is now Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor was founded in 1824 by land speculators John Allen and Elisha Walker Rumsey. On 25 May 1824, the plat was registered with Wayne County as Annarbour. Allen and Rumsey decided to name it for their wives, both named Ann, and for the stands of Bur Oak in the 640 acres of land purchased for $800 from the federal government at $1.25 per acre. The local Ojibwa named the settlement kaw-goosh-kaw-nick, after the sound of Allens sawmill, Ann Arbor became the seat of Washtenaw County in 1827, and was incorporated as a village in 1833. The Ann Arbor Land Company, a group of speculators, set aside 40 acres of undeveloped land and offered it to the state of Michigan as the site of the state capital, but lost the bid to Lansing. In 1837, the property was accepted instead as the site of the University of Michigan, since the universitys establishment in the city in 1837, the histories of the University of Michigan and Ann Arbor have been closely linked. Throughout the 1840s and the 1850s settlers continued to come to Ann Arbor, while the earlier settlers were primarily of British ancestry, the newer settlers also consisted of Germans, Irish, and African-Americans. In 1851, Ann Arbor was chartered as a city, though the city showed a drop in population during the Depression of 1873. It was not until the early 1880s that Ann Arbor again saw robust growth, with new immigrants coming from Greece, Italy, Russia, Ann Arbor saw increased growth in manufacturing, particularly in milling. Ann Arbors Jewish community also grew after the turn of the 20th century, during the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as an important center for liberal politics. Ann Arbor also became a locus for left-wing activism and anti-Vietnam War movement, during the ensuing 15 years, many countercultural and New Left enterprises sprang up and developed large constituencies within the city
16.
Albion College
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Albion College is a private liberal arts college located in Albion, Michigan. Affiliated with the United Methodist Church, it was founded in 1835 and was the first private college in Michigan to have a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa and its student population during the 2013-14 academic year was approx. The Colleges athletic teams are nicknamed the Britons and their colors are purple and they participate in NCAA Division III and the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association. Albion College is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the Michigan Campus Compact, U. S. News also includes a high school counselor ranking, in which Albion placed 85th among national liberal arts colleges. The origin of Albion College lies not in the city of Albion, on March 23,1835, Methodist Episcopal settlers in Spring Arbor Township obtained a charter for the Spring Arbor Seminary from the Michigan Territorial Legislature. No classes were held at the Spring Arbor location. The trustees applied to move the seminary to Albion in 1838, with 60 acres of land donated by Albion pioneer Jesse Crowell, the cornerstone was laid for the first building in 1841. The seminary, now named the Wesleyan Seminary, first held classes in 1843, in 1844, classes began in the newly constructed Central Building, which was rebuilt as the present Robinson Hall in 1907. The Albion Female Collegiate Institute was founded in 1850 by the Wesleyan Seminary Corporation, the two schools merged in 1857 under the name The Wesleyan Seminary and Female College at Albion. The Albion College student body is composed of approximately 1,500 students, the average class size of under 19 is comparable to other small liberal arts colleges. Albion College employs more than 100 full-time faculty, of more than 95% have earned the highest degree offered in their field. Albion College appears on the U. S. News & World Report list of Americas Top Liberal Arts Colleges, also, Albion is a member of The Princeton Reviews 376 Best Colleges and Best Midwestern Colleges list. Albion College offers approximately 30 academic majors leading to Bachelor of Arts, in addition to the academic majors, numerous concentrations, academic institutes, and special programs are offered. In addition to the facilities on Albions campus, Albion College also offers many opportunities for students to travel. Programs are offered in Philadelphia, Chicago, London, Heidelberg, Tübingen, Tokyo, Seoul, Cape Town, Aix-en-Provence, Ballyvaughan, Athens, Brussels and Paris, Albion offers more than 100 different off-campus programs in over 60 countries on six continents. Of the numerous buildings at Albion College, the largest is the Science Complex. The four buildings are connected by a 7, 000-square foot Atrium, Kresge Hall features labs for introductory chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and organic chemistry on the third floor. Downdraft hoods in the intro and inorganic chemistry spaces help to maintain air quality, the organic labs are equipped with 12 six-foot ventilation hoods so students can learn chemical techniques and transformations in state-of-the-art facilities
17.
Case Western Reserve Spartans football
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The Case Western Reserve Spartans football team is the varsity intercollegiate football team representing the Case Western Reserve University, located in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. They compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division III level and they are coached by Greg Debeljak. Home games are played at DiSanto Field, the team in its current form was created in 1970 after the federation of Western Reserve University and Case Institute of Technology. Case, originally known as Case School of Applied Science, carried the name Scientists from 1918–1939, in 1940, the mascot was changed to the Rough Riders, in honor of their head coach Ray A. Ride. Case formally updated their name in 1947 to Case Institute of Technology. Western Reserve originally used the mascot Pioneers from 1921–1927, until being forced to change by Marietta College, the famous Red Cats mascot was then used beginning in 1928. Upon the merger of the two schools, the Spartans name was adopted in 1970, as the team is now presently known, Western Reserve played its first season in 1890 and Case began the following year in 1891. Physically bordering each other, the two became instant rivals. From 1894–1953, the game was played mostly on Thanksgiving Day. Due to high civic interest and large crowds, the games were held at larger Cleveland city venues, such as League Park. Western Reserve led the all-time series 49–20–5, in 1892, Western Reserve declined Clevelander John Heismans offer to be their head coach, and then ironically faced him and his Oberlin Yeomen during the season opener, getting destroyed 38–8. Western Reserve would have their two years later in 1894, finally defeating Heisman while at home in Cleveland, ending the season with a 7–0 undefeated record. In fact, the team outscored opponents a combined 232–8, only Oberlin and Ohio State scored on Western Reserve that year. The 1902 team scored the first touchdown against Michigans legendary coach Fielding H. Yost, in fact, the headline in the Detroit Free Press referred not to Michigans victory but instead read, MICHIGANS GOAL LINE CROSSED. Western Reserve emerged to win titles in both 1907 and 1908, and again in 1915. Western Reserve is the only Ohio team with a record, 6–5–1, against the Ohio State Buckeyes. Ohio State Universitys only death of a player from game-related injuries, team captain John Sigrist, Case Tech holds a 10–11–2 all-time record against the Ohio State Buckeyes, with Coach Joe Fogg posting a perfect 4–0 record during his tenure. Famed Notre Dame coach, Knute Rockne, made his coaching debut on September 28,1918 against Case held at University Circles Van Horn Field
18.
Champaign, Illinois
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Champaign is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. The city is 135 miles south of Chicago,124 miles west of Indianapolis, Indiana, the United States Census Bureau estimates the city was home to 84,513 people as of July 1,2014. Champaign is the tenth-most populous city in Illinois, and the states fourth-most populous city outside of the Chicago metropolitan area, Champaign is notable for sharing the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign with its sister city of Urbana. Champaign is also the home of Parkland College which serves about 18,000 students during the academic year. Due to the university and a number of well known technology startup companies, it is referred to as the hub, or a significant landmark. Champaign houses offices for Abbott, Archer Daniels Midland, Caterpillar, Deere & Company, Dow Chemical Company, IBM, State Farm, and Intel all of which are Fortune 500 companies, and for Sony. Champaign was founded in 1855, when the Illinois Central Railroad laid its rail track two miles west of downtown Urbana, originally called West Urbana, it was renamed Champaign when it acquired a city charter in 1860. Both the city and county name were derived from Champaign County, during February 1969, Carl Perkins joined with Bob Dylan to write the song Champaign, Illinois, which Perkins released on his album On Top. The two Champaign, Illinois songs are not similar to other, except that Bob Dylan was involved in both of them. On September 22,1985, Champaign hosted the first Farm Aid concert at the University of Illinois Memorial Stadium, the concert drew a crowd of 80,000 people and raised over $7 million for American family farmers. In 2005, Champaign-Urbana was the location of the National Science Olympiad Tournament, the city also hosts the state Science Olympiad competition every year. The University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign once again hosted the National competition on May 20–22,2010, in 2013, Champaign was rated fifth best place in the United States for a healthy work-life balance. According to the 2010 census, Champaign has an area of 22.457 square miles. Champaign is located on high ground, providing sources to the Kaskaskia River to the west. Downtown Champaign drains into Boneyard Creek, which feeds the Saline Branch of the Salt Fork Vermilion River, Champaign shares a border with the neighboring city of Urbana, together they are home to the University of Illinois. Champaign, Urbana, and the village of Savoy form the Champaign-Urbana Metropolitan Area also known as Champaign-Urbana. It may also be known as the Twin Cities or Chambana. The following diagram represents localities within a 35 miles radius of Champaign, the city has a humid continental climate, typical of the Midwestern United States, with hot summers and cold, moderately snowy winters
19.
Bennett Park (Detroit)
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Bennett Park was a ballpark, named after Charlie Bennett, that formerly existed in Detroit, Michigan, at Michigan and Trumbull. It was home to the Detroit Tigers, the ballclub began play here in the minor Western League with a 17-2 win over the Columbus Senators on April 28,1896. That league was renamed the American League in 1900 but was officially a minor league. The AL declared itself a major starting in 1901. Bennett Park was home to the first nighttime game in Detroit. On September 24,1896, the Tigers played their last game of their first season at Bennett Park, Tigers owner George Arthur Vanderbeck had workers string lights above the stadium for the nighttime game. Nighttime baseball wouldnt return to Detroit until June 15,1948, the ballpark sat 5,000 when opened in 1896 and was gradually expanded to 14,000 by the time it was closed after the 1911 season. That did not count the wildcat bleachers that were built on the rooftops of houses behind the left field fence and this small ballpark enjoyed some big success, as the Tigers and their young sensation Ty Cobb won three consecutive pennants during 1907–1909. Unfortunately, their success ran out in the post-season on each occasion and this ballpark is hallowed ground to fans of the Chicago Cubs, as it was on this site in both 1907 and 1908 that the Cubs clinched their first two World Series championships. Baseball-Almanac. com Past Tigers Venues A New Field of Dreams for Detroit
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Detroit
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Detroit is the most populous city in the U. S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state, the municipality of Detroit had a 2015 estimated population of 677,116, making it the 21st-most populous city in the United States. Roughly one-half of Michigans population lives in Metro Detroit alone, the Detroit–Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada–U. S. Border, has a population of about 5.7 million. Detroit is a port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States, the City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city Windsor are connected through a tunnel and various bridges, Detroit was founded on July 24,1701 by the French explorer and adventurer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac and a party of settlers. During the 19th century, it became an important industrial hub at the center of the Great Lakes region, with expansion of the American automobile industry in the early 20th century, the Detroit area emerged as a significant metropolitan region within the United States. The city became the fourth-largest in the country for a period, in the 1950s and 1960s, suburban expansion continued with construction of a regional freeway system. A great portion of Detroits public transport was abandoned in favour of becoming a city in the post-war period. Due to industrial restructuring and loss of jobs in the auto industry, between 2000 and 2010 the citys population fell by 25 percent, changing its ranking from the nations 10th-largest city to 18th. In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and this resulted from suburbanization, corruption, industrial restructuring and the decline of Detroits auto industry. In 2013, the state of Michigan declared an emergency for the city. Detroit has experienced urban decay as its population and jobs have shifted to its suburbs or elsewhere, conservation efforts managed to save many architectural pieces since the 2000s and allowed several large-scale revitalisations. More recently, the population of Downtown Detroit, Midtown Detroit, paleo-Indian people inhabited areas near Detroit as early as 11,000 years ago. In the 17th century, the region was inhabited by Huron, Odawa, Potawatomi, for the next hundred years, virtually no British, colonist, or French action was contemplated without consultation with, or consideration of the Iroquois likely response. When the French and Indian War evicted the Kingdom of France from Canada, the 1798 raids and resultant 1799 decisive Sullivan Expedition reopened the Ohio Country to westward emigration, which began almost immediately, and by 1800 white settlers were pouring westwards. By 1773, the population of Detroit was 1,400, by 1778, its population was up to 2,144 and it was the third-largest city in the Province of Quebec
21.
Franklin Field
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Franklin Field is the home of the Penn Relays, and is the University of Pennsylvanias stadium for football, lacrosse and formerly for soccer, field hockey and baseball. It is also used by Penn students for recreation, and for intramural and club sports, including football and cricket. It is located in Philadelphia, at the edge of Penns campus. It was formerly the field of the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League. Franklin Field was built for $100,000 and dedicated on April 20,1895, deemed by the NCAA as the oldest stadium still operating for football, it was the site of the nations first scoreboard in 1895. Its location was given as 37th and Spruce. Permanent Franklin Field construction did not begin until after the turn of the century, weightman Hall gymnasium, the stadium, and permanent grandstands were designed by architect Frank Miles Day & Brother and were erected from 1903 to 1905 at a cost of $500,000. The field was 714 feet long and 443 feet wide, the site featured a ¼-mile track, a football field, and a baseball diamond. Beneath the stands were indoor tracks and indoor training facilities, plans called for a new train station called Union Station which would feature a Pennsylvania Railroad stop and a stop on a proposed elevated subway line connected to the Market–Frankford Line. Architecture firm Koronski & Cameron created a rendering but plans quickly collapsed, five years later, it was decided instead to expand Franklin Field. The current stadium structure was built in the 1920s, designed by Day & Klauder, after the wooden bleachers were torn down. The lower tier was erected in 1922, the old wood stands were razed immediately following the Penn Relays and the new concrete lower tier and seating for 50,000 were built. The second tier was added in 1925, again designed by Day & Klauder, the first football radio broadcast originated from Franklin Field in 1922. It was carried by Philadelphia station WIP and this claim is pre-empted by an earlier live radio broadcast emanating from Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, on October 8,1921, a full year before Franklin Fields claim to fame. Harold W. Arlin announced the live broadcast of the Pitt-West Virginia football game on October 8,1921, the first commercial football television broadcast in 1939 also came from Franklin Field. In the universitys football heyday — when Penn led the nation in attendance — the 65, today, Franklin Field, named after Penns founder, Benjamin Franklin, seats 52,958. Franklin Field switched from grass to AstroTurf in 1969 and it was the first National Football League stadium to use artificial turf. The stadiums fifth AstroTurf surface was installed in 1993, the current Sprinturf field replaced the AstroTurf in 2004
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Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland
23.
Kalamazoo College
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Kalamazoo College, also known as K College or simply K, is a private liberal arts college in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Founded in 1833, the college is among the 100 oldest in the country, today, it produces more Peace Corps volunteers per capita than any other US academic institution. From 1997 to 2006 it ranked 21st among all institutions in the percentage of graduates who went on to earn doctorates. The school was founded by American Baptist ministers, but today maintains no religious affiliation, Kalamazoo College is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association. It is listed in Loren Popes Colleges That Change Lives, in 2012, Forbes rated it 65th of Americas Best Colleges, the highest ranked in Michigan as a private college. Kalamazoo College was founded in 1833 by a group of Baptist ministers as the Michigan and its charter was granted on April 22,1833, the first school chartered by the Legislative Council of the Territory of Michigan. Instruction at the Institute began in fall 1836, in 1837, the name of the fledgling college was changed to the Kalamazoo Literary Institute and school officials made their first attempt to secure recognition as a college from the state of Michigan. In 1838, however, the University of Michigan opened the Kalamazoo Branch of the University of Michigan, in 1840, the two schools merged, and from 1840 to 1850 the College operated as the Kalamazoo Branch of the University of Michigan. After receiving its charter, the school changed its name to Kalamazoo College. Shortly after becoming president, Stone proposed the addition of a seminary to increase the supply of ministers in the region. With the support of the Baptist church, classes at the Kalamazoo Theological Seminary began in 1848 with 11 students, at the same time, the Female Department continued to expand under the watchful eye of Lucinda Hinsdale Stone. In 1845-46, almost half of the 90 students enrolled in Kalamazoo were women, the Stones also played a role in the creation of the Republican Party. The first known student of African descent to attend Kalamazoo College was ex-slave Rufus Lewis Perry, Perry attended Kalamazoo Theological Seminary from 1860–1861, but left before he received a diploma. He was ordained a Baptist minister in Ann Arbor in 1861, jamaican-born brothers Solomon and John Williamson were the first black graduates from K, receiving their diplomas in 1911. Kalamazoo College also served as a pioneer in coed education, granting its first degree to a woman, Catherine V. Eldred, in 1877, Kalamazoo College students published the first edition of The Index, a student-run newspaper that continues to publish today. The college also publishes The Cauldron, an annual journal, and The Passage. Kalamazoo Colleges reputation as a powerhouse and a leader in international education was built during the presidency of Weimer Hicks. Hicks conceived of the K Plan program under which most Kalamazoo students spend at least one term abroad, as part of the original K Plan, Kalamazoo College students could attend school year-round
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Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
25.
Eastern Time Zone
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Places that use Eastern Standard Time when observing standard time are 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time. Eastern Daylight Time, when observing daylight saving time DST is 4 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time, in the northern parts of the time zone, on the second Sunday in March, at 2,00 a. m. EST, clocks are advanced to 3,00 a. m. EDT leaving a one-hour gap, on the first Sunday in November, at 2,00 a. m. EDT, clocks are moved back to 1,00 a. m, southern parts of the zone do not observe daylight saving time. The Uniform Time Act of 1966 ruled that daylight saving time would run from the last Sunday of April until the last Sunday in October in the United States, the act was amended to make the first Sunday in April the beginning of daylight saving time as of 1987. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States beginning in 2007. So local times change at 2,00 a. m. EST to 3,00 a. m. EDT on the second Sunday in March, in Canada, the time changes as it does in the United States. However, a handful of communities unofficially observe Eastern Time because they are part of the Columbus, Georgia metropolitan area – Phenix City, Smiths Station, Lanett, and Valley. Florida, All of Florida is in the Eastern Time zone except for the portion of the Florida Panhandle west of the Apalachicola River, as the Eastern–Central zone boundary approaches the Gulf of Mexico, it follows the Bay/Gulf county line. Indiana, All of Indiana observes Eastern Time except for six counties in the Chicago metropolitan area. Kentucky, Roughly, the half of the state, including all of metropolitan Louisville, is in the Eastern Time Zone. Historically the entire state observed Central Time, when daylight saving time was first introduced, the Lower Peninsula remained on DST after it formally ended, effectively re-aligning itself into the Eastern Time Zone. The Upper Peninsula continued to observe Central Time until 1972, when all, Tennessee, Most of the eastern third of Tennessee is legally on Eastern Time. Eastern Time is also used somewhat as a de facto official time for all of the United States, since it includes the capital and the largest city. Major professional sports leagues also post all game times in Eastern time, for example, a game time between two teams from Pacific Time Zone will still be posted in Eastern time. Most cable television and national broadcast networks advertise airing times in Eastern time, national broadcast networks generally have two primary feeds, an eastern feed for Eastern and Central time zones, and a tape-delayed western feed for the Pacific Time Zone. The prime time is set on Eastern and Pacific at 8,00 p. m. with the Central time zone stations receiving the eastern feed at 7,00 p. m. local time. Mountain Time Zone stations receive a separate feed at 7,00 p. m. local time, as Arizona does not observe daylight saving time, during the summer months, it has its own feed at 7,00 p. m. local time
26.
John McLean (athlete)
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For other persons named John McLean, see John McLean. John Frederick McLean was an All-American college football player, track and field athlete and he won a silver medal in the 110 metre hurdles at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris with a time of 15.5 seconds. He was also selected as an All-American football player in 1899 while playing for the University of Michigan and he went on to coach the Knox College and University of Missouri football teams in the 1900s. He was dismissed from his position at Missouri in January 1906 after being accused of paying money to a player. Knox College voted him into their athletic Hall of Fame in 2012, McLeans hometown was Menominee, Michigan, a lumber town located in Michigans Upper Peninsula. He enrolled in the University of Michigan where he became an athlete in American football, track and field. He played as a substitute on Michigans 1897 football team and played halfback for the 1898 and 1899 teams. McLean was also a member of Michigans track and baseball teams, in May 1899, McLean set the University of Michigan school record in the 120-yard hurdles with a time of 16-1/5 seconds. On the same day, he broke a western intercollegiate record in the running broad jump by clearing 23 feet. In 1898, McLean played on Michigans first Western Conference championship football team, the Wolverines won the championship with a 12–11 victory over Chicago—a game that inspired Louis Elbel to write the University of Michigans fight song, The Victors. McLean contributed to the win over Chicago with a return to the 50-yard line. In November 1899, McLean led the Wolverines in a game against eastern football power, the Wolverines lost the game 11–10, but McLeans play at left halfback drew praise in newspaper accounts carried across the country. McLean made several runs, principally on end runs. Michigan scored its first touchdown wholly on a series of runs by McLean, the score came on a 22-yard end run that set the Michigan rooters fairly wild. The New York Times reported that even the Penn fans showed their appreciation for McLean -- his brilliant sprinting around Pennsylvanias ends often brought applause from the followers of the Quakers. McLeans final game for Michigan was a November 1899 match against the University of Wisconsin played in front of 17,000 fans in Chicago, newspaper accounts reported that Michigans crack halfback McLean made one of his end runs with ten minutes to play—a forty-yard run for a touchdown. After the season ended, McLean received acknowledgement with his selection as a first-team All-American, including All-American selections by The Philadelphia Inquirer, McLean competed for the United States in track and field events at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. He won the medal in the 110 metre hurdles with a time of 15.5 seconds
27.
1900 Summer Olympics
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No opening or closing ceremonies were held, competitions began on May 14 and ended on October 28. The Games were held as part of the 1900 Worlds Fair, in total,997 competitors took part in 19 different sports. Women took part in the games for the first time and sailor Hélène de Pourtalès became the first female Olympic champion, at the Sorbonne conference of 1894, Pierre de Coubertin proposed that the Olympic Games should take place in 1900 in Paris. The delegates to the conference were unwilling to wait six years, a decision was made to hold the first Olympic Games in 1896 in Athens and that Paris would host the second celebration. Most of the winners in 1900 did not receive medals, but were given cups or trophies, professionals competed in fencing and Albert Robert Ayat, who won the épée for amateurs and masters, was awarded a prize of 3000 francs. This was also the only Olympic Games in history to use live animals as targets during the shooting event, the 1900 Games were held as part of the 1900 Exposition Universelle. The director of the Exposition Universelle, Alfred Picard, thought holding an ancient sport event at the Exposition Universelle was an absurd anachronism, after thanking de Coubertin for his plans, Picard filed them away and nothing more came of it. A committee was formed for the organization of the Games, consisting of some of the more able sports administrators of the day, British and Irish sports associations announced a desire to compete, as did a number of powerful American universities and sports clubs. Competitors from Russia and Australia also confirmed their intentions to travel to Paris, on November 9,1898, the Union des Sociétés Françaises de Sports Athlétiques put out an announcement that it would have sole right to any organised sport held during the Worlds Fair. It was an empty threat but Viscount Charles de La Rochefoucauld, the IOC ceded control of the Games to a new committee which was to oversee every sporting activity connected to the 1900 Exposition Universelle. Alfred Picard appointed Daniel Mérillon, the head of the French Shooting Association, between May and October 1900, the new organizing committee held an enormous number of sporting activities alongside the Paris Exposition. The sporting events rarely used the term of Olympic, indeed, the term Olympic Games was replaced by Concours internationaux dexercices physiques et de sport in the official report of the sporting events of the 1900 Exposition Universelle. The press reported competitions variously as International Championships, International Games, Paris Championships, World Championships, de Coubertin commented later to friends, Its a miracle that the Olympic Movement survived that celebration. Hélène de Pourtalès became the first female Olympic champion as part of the team in the 1-2 ton sailing event. Charlotte Cooper was the first woman to win an individual Olympic event after winning the singles tennis competition. She later went on to win the doubles tournament. In the coxed pairs and eights events in rowing, crews replaced adult coxswain with children, the identities and ages of these boys were not recorded but they are believed to have been amongst the youngest of all Olympic competitors. 85 events in 20 disciplines, comprising 19 sports, were part of the Olympic program in Paris, weightlifting and wrestling had been dropped since the 1896 Summer Olympics, while 13 new sports were added
28.
Hillsdale College
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Hillsdale College is a co-educational, non-profit liberal arts college in Hillsdale, Michigan, United States. Most of the curriculum is based on and centered on the teaching of the Western heritage as a product of both the Greco-Roman culture and the Judeo-Christian tradition. Hillsdale requires every student, regardless of major, to complete a curriculum that includes courses on the Great Books. The college declines to accept financial support, instead providing private financial assistance to its students. In August 1844, members of the community of Freewill Baptists resolved to organize their denominations first collegiate institution. After gathering donations, they established Hillsdale College as Michigan Central College in Spring Arbor, in the 19th century Hillsdale and Bates College in Maine were the only American colleges associated with this denomination. Hillsdale no longer has any denominational affiliation, and Hillsdale Free Will Baptist College in Oklahoma was founded after the college disaffiliated itself with the denomination. However, Hillsdale is still considered a Christian institution, with students expected to follow moral tenets of Christianity as commonly understood in the Christian tradition. Under its first president, Daniel McBride Graham, who held the office from 1844 to 1848, Michigan Central College opened within a two-room store and admitted five students. In March 1845, the government of Michigan incorporated the college by an act of legislature, Fairfield assumed the presidency of Michigan Central College in 1848. In two years, on March 20,1850, the Michigan state legislature granted the college a special charter, giving it the right to confer degrees. Independent from its outset, the college one of the first in the United States to prohibit in its charter any discrimination on the basis of religion, race. Black students were admitted immediately after the colleges 1844 founding, in 1851 the college celebrated its first commencement and, one year later, graduated the first woman in Michigan with a Bachelor of Arts. The cornerstone of the new building, Central Hall, was laid on the Fourth of July 1853, when Michigan Central College moved, it reopened as Hillsdale College on November 7,1855, after receiving its new state charter the previous May. That fall the young institution opened with record enrollment, in 1856, it became the largest collegiate establishment in Michigan, a position it would hold for the majority of the 19th century. During these early years, Fairfield and college professor Ransom Dunn contributed to its academic, Fairfield led Hillsdale from 1848 to 1869. During his presidency, he helped found the Republican Party with Dunn in neighboring Jackson, a prominent leader in the newfound party, Fairfield was present at its first convention in 1858, where he was elected Lieutenant Governor of Michigan. On August 8,1860, the first degrees were conferred at Hillsdale by the college, and on March 20,1863 the state legislature of Michigan formally legalized the colleges change of name and location
29.
Case Western Reserve University
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Case Western Reserve University is a private doctorate-granting university in Cleveland, Ohio. The university was created in 1967 by the federation of Case Institute of Technology, time magazine described the merger as the creation of Clevelands Big-Leaguer university. In U. S. News & World Reports 2015 rankings, in 2016, the inaugural edition of The Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education ranked Case Western Reserve as 32nd among all universities and 29th among private institutions. The University is associated with 16 Nobel laureates and it is also a leading institution for research in electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering. Currently, the Editor for the Journal of the Electrochemical Society is a Case professor, Case Western Reserve is a member of the Association of American Universities. Severance Hall, home of the Cleveland Orchestra, is also on the Case Western Reserve University campus and this experiment proved the non-existence of the luminiferous ether and was later understood as convincing evidence in support of special relativity as proposed by Albert Einstein in 1905. Michelson became the first American to win a Nobel Prize in science, the commemorative Michelson-Morley Memorial Fountain as well as an Ohio Historical Marker are located on campus, near where the actual experiment was performed. Case Western Reserve University was created in 1967, when Western Reserve University and Case Institute of Technology, institutions that had been neighbors for 81 years, formally federated. Western Reserve College was founded in 1826 in Hudson, Ohio, the nearby city of Cleveland, located about 26 miles to its northwest, had only begun to grow. Western Reserve College, or Reserve as it was called, was the first college in northern Ohio. By 1875, a number of schools had been established nearby. In 1882, with funding from Amasa Stone, Western Reserve College moved to Cleveland, in 1877, Leonard Case Jr. began laying the groundwork for the Case School of Applied Science by secretly donating valuable pieces of Cleveland real estate to a trust. He asked his confidential advisor, Henry Gilbert Abbey, to administer the trust, the Case School of Applied Science was issued a charter by the state of Ohio in 1882, four months after Cases death. For the first four years of the existence, it was located in the Case familys home on Rockwell Street in downtown Cleveland. Classes were held in the house, while the chemistry. The school moved to University Circle in 1885, over time, the Case School of Applied Science grew to encompass a broader vision, adopting the name Case Institute of Technology in 1947 to reflect the institutions growing stature. The institutions already shared buildings and staff when necessary and worked together often, One such example was seen in 1887, when Case physicist Albert Michelson and Reserve chemist Edward Morley collaborated on the famous Michelson–Morley experiment. There had been discussion of a merger of the two institutions as early as 1890, but those talks dissolved quickly
30.
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football
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The Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team is the intercollegiate football team representing the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana. The team is coached by Brian Kelly. The team plays its games at the campuss Notre Dame Stadium. One of the most iconic and successful programs in sports, have 13 national championships recognized by the NCAA. With 486 players selected, Notre Dame is second to USC in the number of players chosen by NFL teams in the draft, all Notre Dame home games have been televised on NBC since 1991, and Notre Dame is the only school to have such a contract. It was the only independent program to be part of the Bowl Championship Series coalition and its guaranteed payout and these factors help make Notre Dame one of the most financially valuable football programs in the country, allowing them to remain independent of a conference. Football did not have a beginning at the University of Notre Dame. In their inaugural game on November 23,1887, the Irish lost to Michigan by a score of 8–0 and their first win came in the final game of the 1888 season when the Irish defeated Harvard Prep by a score of 20–0. At the end of the 1888 season they had a record of 1–3 with all three losses being at the hands of Michigan by a score of 43–9. Between 1887 and 1899 Notre Dame compiled a record of 31 wins,15 losses, in 1908, the win over Franklin saw end Fay Wood catch the first touchdown pass in Notre Dame history. By the end of the 1912 season they had amassed a record of 108 wins,31 losses, jesse Harper became head coach in 1913 and remained so until he retired in 1917. During his tenure the Irish began playing only intercollegiate games and posted a record of 34 wins, five losses and this period would also mark the beginning of the rivalry with Army and the continuation of rivalries with Michigan State. In 1913, Notre Dame burst into the consciousness and helped to transform the collegiate game in a single contest. In an effort to respect for a regionally successful but small-time Midwestern football program, Harper scheduled games in his first season with national powerhouses Texas, Penn State. On November 1,1913, the Notre Dame squad stunned the Black Knights of the Hudson 35–13 in a game played at West Point and this game has been miscredited as the invention of the forward pass. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918, under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins,12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp. Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage in NCAA Division I/FBS football history, Rocknes offenses employed the Notre Dame Box and his defenses ran a 7–2–2 scheme
31.
Neil Snow
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Neil Worthington Snow was an American athlete. He competed in American football, baseball, and track and field at the University of Michigan from 1898 to 1902. He was selected as a first-team All-American football player in 1901 and as the most valuable player in the 1902 Rose Bowl and he was posthumously inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1960. Snow was born into a family in Detroit, and attended local Central High School. While in high school, Snow was a bowler, competing in the Peninsular and Junior leagues. He was also a boxer of considerable prowess and he stood 5 feet 8 inches and weighed 190 pounds. At least one 1905 newspaper account reported that he lettered in tennis. Various reports differ as to whether he received 10,11, while at Michigan, Snow was also a mandolin player of great talent, and was a member of the mandolin, guitar and banjo club. He was also regarded as one of the best students in the university, in January 1902, the Detroit Free Press opined, There is no student in the country who is more entitled to the distinction of being an ideal collegian than Neil Snow. Snow played four seasons for the Michigan Wolverines football team from 1898 to 1901, as a freshman, he started all ten games at the end position. Elbels lyric, Champions of the West, refers to Michigans having won the Western Conference championship for the first time in the schools history, in 1899, Snow started seven games at right end. In December 1899, he was elected by his teammates to be captain of Michigans 1900 football team, as the junior team captain in 1900, he started nine games at right end and led Michigan to a 7-2-1 record. In December 1900, Snow was defeated in his bid for re-election as captain of the team by a vote of 15 to 7. Snows fame grew as a result of his role on the 1901 Michigan Wolverines football team, in Fielding H. Yosts first year as coach, Yost switched Snow to the fullback position where he started all 11 games. Yost played Snow at fullback on offense but at end on defense, Yost later compared Snow to Jim Thorpe for his athletic versatility and opined, I dont think I have ever seen a better end than he was. Grantland Rice also compared Snow to Thorpe for his talent in football, baseball, and track, Michigan finished 11–0, did not allow a single point to be scored by an opposing team, and outscored its opponents 550–0. The 1901 Wolverines became known as the team, as their offensive production resulted in an average of one point being scored every minute. The 1901 team was invited to play in the first Rose Bowl game on January 1,1902, Snows five touchdowns and 25 points in the 1902 Rose Bowl is still the all-time Rose Bowl record
32.
1902 Rose Bowl
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The inaugural game featured Fielding H. Michigan finished the season 11–0 and was considered a national champion, yost had been Stanfords coach the previous year. The Tournament of Roses Parade began in 1890 as a New Years Day tradition in the City of Pasadena, the city boosters were exploring a way to bring in tourism and money to the area. The admission price was 50 cents to $1 to see the game, an additional $1 would be charged to admit a familys horse and buggy to the grounds. The game was played in Tournament Park, where stands were built. Before the Rose Bowl stadium was built for the 1923 Rose Bowl, games were played in Pasadenas Tournament Park, Tournament Park is now a private park maintained by the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. It was simply known as the lot before being renamed Tournament Park in 1900. Stanford had played the Olympic Club and Reliance Club twice, beating and tying each and they beat Nevada, 12–0, then lost to Cal in the eleventh Big Game, 2–0. The 1901 Michigan Wolverines football team was nicknamed the Point-a-Minute team when they came to Pasadena to play the game, the Wolverines had racked up 501 points while allowing their opponents no points at all. The 49 points they scored in the 1902 Rose Bowl game brought their total to 550 to 0. But, on New Years Day 1916 football returned to stay as Washington State University defeated Brown University in the first annual Tournament of Roses football game, at Stanford, rugby replaced football from the 1906 season through the 1917 season. In record keeping, Neil Snows five touchdowns are noted along with the modern Rose Bowl record of four held by Eric Ball, Sam Cunningham. Snow was named the Most Valuable Player of the game when the award was created in 1953, the initial attendance has varied according to different sources. The ESPN BCS article lists the attendance as 8,500, the Michigan football media guide and Michigan articles list the attendance as 8,000. The Official 2007 NCAA Division I football records book lists the attendance at 8,000, Tournament Park would be the site for the second to eighth Rose Bowl Games from 1916 to 1922 before the Rose Bowl stadium opened for the 1923 Rose Bowl. As of 2016, Stanford has appeared in the Rose Bowl 15 times, third most, Stanford would make their next bowl appearance in 1925, the 1925 Rose Bowl. Michigans next bowl game was in the Rose Bowl, albion Publishing Group Santa Barbara, CA1999. ISBN 1-880352-62-1 The Rose Bowl Game by Rube Samuelsen, ASIN, B0007DZXFC Summary at Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan Athletics History
33.
Truxtun Hare
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Thomas Truxtun Hare was an American track and field athlete who competed in the hammer throw and all-rounder events. He was also a football player for the Penn Quakers football team of the University of Pennsylvania from 1897 to 1900. Hare is one of only a handful of men to earn All-American honors during all four years of college and he was selected as a charter member of the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951. While primarily a guard, he ran, punted, kicked off. In an attempt to name retroactive Heisman Trophy winners before the first one was awarded in 1935, Hare was awarded the mythical 1900 trophy. He won the medal in the hammer throw in the 1900 Summer Olympics held in Paris, as well as placing eighth in the shot put. A prominent student at Penn, where he was a member of St. Anthony Hall, he was involved in many other sports, including archery and track. He competed for the United States in the 1904 Summer Olympics held in St. Tom Kielly and Adam Gunn won gold and silver respectively. He also was on the medal winning tug of war team in those same Olympics. He competed in the 1904 Olympics just after he earned a J. D. law degree at Penn and he later practiced law in Philadelphia, excelled as a painter, and authored two series of books. The first, the Kent of Malvern series, consisted of four books, depicting the development of a naughty boy into a young man. The next series, The Graduate Coach series, consisted of five volumes and was a celebration of the importance of sports in a mans life, both were published by the Penn Press and were best sellers. He later became President of the Bryn Mawr Hospital, succeeding his brother C and he and his wife Katherine Sargent Hare lived in Radnor on a farm known as Lime House and had four children. His elder son, Truxtun Hare, Jr. was also an All American football player at Yale, Truxtun served in the Navy and the CIA, and was President of the Pennsylvania Hospital from 1957 to 1970. The name Truxtun is taken from the surname of their forebear, University of Pennsylvania Historical Biography Truxtun Hare at the College Football Hall of Fame
34.
Everett Sweeley
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Everett Marlin Sweeley was an American football player and coach. He played fullback, halfback and end for the University of Michigan from 1899 to 1902 and was a member of Fielding H. Yosts 1901 and 1902 Point-a-Minute teams. He then served as the football coach at Morningside College in 1903. He also coached basketball and baseball at Washington State, after retiring from football, Sweeley became a lawyer and judge in Idaho. Sweeley was born in Adel, Iowa in 1880, at the time of the 1885 Iowa State Census, Sweeley was living in Storm Lake, Iowa. He attended high school at Sioux City, Iowa, Sweeley enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1899. He played four years of football at Michigan from 1899 to 1902 at the end, fullback, and halfback positions, before enrolling at Michigan, Sweeley said he had never seen a college football game. In four seasons, he missed one game, the result of what Sweeley called a little row with a math professor. While playing for Michigan, Sweeley set the college record for the longest kick on record. In 1902, he kicked the football 86 yards before touching the ground, Sweeley also held an enviable distinction unboasted by any other hero of the gridiron. In four years punting for Michigan, he never had a punt blocked. Sweeley was known for punts that were high and long. He would reportedly tell his ends accurately where each punt was to go, Sweeley was also an expert place kicker, scoring over 100 points for Michigan in this manner. In the 1902 Rose Bowl, Sweeley kicked four field goals and his towering punts outdistanced the end-over-end kicks of the Indians by 20 yards. After graduating from Michigan, Sweeley went into coaching and his coaching record at Washington State was 6 wins,6 losses, and 0 ties. After retiring from coaching, Sweeley moved to Twin Falls, Idaho where he worked as a lawyer, in September 1907, he married Hazel Jury Brown at Spokane, Washington. According to the 1920 United States Census, Sweeley and his wife had two children at that time, Jean B Sweeley and Anna L. Sweeley, Sweeley also became an expert trap shooter and ballistics expert. In 1916, he won the interstate trapshooting championship and he was elected prosecutor in 1938
35.
Pete Overfield
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Peter Delome Pete Overfield was an All-American and professional football player, federal judge and rancher. Overfield played center for the University of Pennsylvania and was a first-team All-American in 1898 and 1899 and he served as a federal district judge in Alaska from 1909 to 1917. In 1917, he moved to Casa Grande, Arizona where he lived for the remainder of his life, Overfield played center for the Penn Quakers from 1897 to 1899 and was selected as a first-team All-American in both 1898 and 1899. Overfield was known as a fierce competitor, after Harvard defeated Penn 16–0 in 1899, Overfield tried to prevent Harvard from securing the ball as a trophy in accordance with a custom. A scuffle spread into the stands, and Penns coach ultimately secured the ball from Overfield, after graduating from Penn, Overfield remained active in football. He was a coach for a time at Multnomah College. Overfield played a total of nine years of college and professional football without ever suffering an injury and he played on the famed 1900 and 1901 Homestead Library & Athletic Club football teams in Pittsburgh. The 1901 Homestead team consisted of college football All-Americans, including Overfield, Bemus Pierce. The team beat Lafayette 66–0 in two ten-minute halves, on November 23,1901, the Homestead Library team featuring Overfield defeated the Blondy Wallaces Philadelphia professionals for the professional football championship of the United States. The game was played at the Philadelphia park, and Homestead won by a score of 18 to 0, the New York Times reported on the game as follows, Against the well-trained, concerted team work of Homestead they were like so many pigmies. Their line could not hold the fast onslaught of the Western contingent, … The 5,000 spectators present shivered through thirty minute halves and at no time during the game was a real opportunity offered to get enthusiastic over the work of Wallaces team. It was a made up of stars against well-trained team work. In 1903, Overfield played in a Thanksgiving Day game in Denver on a team composed of old stars of the Sigma Chi fraternity. The 1903 Sigma Chi All-Star team was made up of former All-Americans, including Overfield, Thorpe, Hernstein, Stahl, Starbuck, Van Valken, in 1923, Princeton head coach William Roper named Overfield as the center on his All-Time All-Eastern football team. Roper wrote, Pete Overfield would be equipped to act as pivot on any team today just as he was when he played for Pennsylvania twenty-odd years ago. If my recollection is correct Overfield was down the field on kicks with the ends and he was a sure passer and a wonderful defensive man. He played in a day of a line, with the center on the line of scrimmage on every play. In 1906, Overfield moved to Nome, Alaska where he practiced law from 1906-1909, in 1909, Overfield was appointed by President William Howard Taft as a federal district judge serving in the third judicial district of Alaska
36.
William Cunningham (American football)
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William Ralph Cunningham was an All-American football center for the Michigan Wolverines football team of the University of Michigan. Cunningham was born at Volant, Pennsylvania in July 1872 and his father, Valentine Cunningham, was a native of Grove City, Pennsylvania. Cunningham was a 5-foot, 9-inch, 180-pound native of Grove City, chosen as an All-American in 1898, he was the first University of Michigan football player to be so honored. The 1898 Wolverines went 10-0 and won the Western Conference championship, the first great Michigan football team, the 1898 group outscored its opponents 205 to 26. They shut out Michigan Agricultural College and Notre Dame before traveling to Chicago for a game against Amos Alonzo Staggs University of Chicago team on November 24,1898. Led by Cunningham, Michigan came out on top, 12-11, a newspaper account described Michigans victory this way, The western football championship goes to Michigan. On a field that was perfect for fast football, and before a crowd of 12,000 the maroons of Chicago went down before the maize. Another article noted, Michigan, with the exception of one or two passes, relied almost altogether on straight football, line bucking and runs around the end. Chicago, on the contrary, used trick plays throughout but the work was of a high order. Based on his performance in the Chicago game, Stagg recommended Cunningham as an All-American, at that time, the All-American selections were made by Caspar Whitney, who preceded Walter Camp in that role. Michigans 12-11 victory over Chicago in 1898 also served as the inspiration for Louis Elbel to write The Victors, elbels lyric, Champions of the West, refers to Michigans having won the Western Conference championship for the first time in the schools history. Cunninghams selection as an All-American in 1898 broke the tradition that All-Americans had to come from Yale, Harvard. Cunningham became a missionary in China. In a December 1921 passport applications, Cunningham identified himself as a physician with his permanent residence in Grove City and he stated that he had left the United States on October 1904, and returned in October 1912. He traveled to China again as a missionary in 1922. Cunningham was the first in a line of University of Michigan centers to be named All-American, including Germany Schulz, Ernie Vick, Jack Blott, Maynard Morrison, Chuck Bernard. In 1955, Cunningham was named to the all-time Medical All-American Team, the list was compiled and published by Spectrum, a medical journal. At that time, Cunningham was retired and living in Grove City and he died in 1957 at the age of 84
37.
Caspar Whitney
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Caspar William Whitney was an American author, editor, explorer, outdoorsman and war correspondent. He originated the concept of the All-American team in football in 1889 when he worked for Harpers Magazine. He was educated at Saint Mathews College in California, during the Spanish–American War, Whitney submitted articles from the front in Cuba. At the Battle of Las Guasimas, he accompanied General Youngs 1st and his published map of the battle is considered the most accurate of that action published at that time. His depiction of the fighting on the right is made from personal observation and his depiction of the left where the Rough Riders fought was based on post-battle interviews. He was a member of The Explorers Club after expeditions in North and South America. As a sports journalist he was an advocate of amateurism and was a member of the International Olympic Committee. He wrote on a range of subjects including big-game hunting, inter collegiate sporting contests, amateur versus professional contests. In the early 1900s, he edited The American Sportsmans Library, Whitney testified in a lawsuit against him that he earned a salary of $8,000 for editing Outing and $1,500 for editing the American Sportsmans Library. Whitney married three times, Anna Childs in 1889, Cora Adele Chase in 1897 and Florence Canfield in 1909, the latter was the daughter of the colorful miner and industrialist Charles A. Canfield. She participated in founding the League of Women Voters and remained active politically until her death in a vehicle accident in 1941. Sporting Pilgrimage On Snow-Shoes to the Barren Grounds Hawaiian America Musk-Ox, Bison, Sheep and Goat Jungle Trails, gott mit Uns - the Boche Delusion Hunt Clubs and Country Clubs in America Charles Adelbert Canfield Dillon Wallace Papers Edgar Rice Burroughs Library Explorers Club History
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