1.
1889 in poetry
–
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nations poetry or literature. June 8 – English poet and Jesuit priest Gerard Manley Hopkins dies aged 54 in Dublin of typhoid, he is buried in Glasnevin Cemetery, william Wilfred Campbell, Lake lyrics and other poems Arthur Wentworth Hamilton Eaton, Acadian Legends and Lyrics, Canada Sophia Almon Hensley, Poems. James McIntyre, Poems of James McIntyre, anthologies Songs of the Great Dominion, Voices from the Forests and Waters, the Settlements and Cities of Canada. Tripathi, Lilavatijivankala, a tribute to his daughter, Indian, writing in Gujarati Verner von Heidenstam, Vallfart och vandringsår
2.
1896 in poetry
–
— closing lines of Rudyard Kiplings If—, first published this year Nationality words link to articles with information on the nations poetry or literature. July 7 – Charles Thomas Wooldridge is hanged at Reading Gaol in England for uxoricide, oscar Wildes The Ballad of Reading Gaol. D. Roberts, The Book of the Native Charles Sangster, toronto, Copp Clark, n. d. Duncan Campbell Scott, In the Village of Viger, Canada Francis Sherman In Memorabilia Mortis. E. Johns Gazette John Cowper Powys, Odes, and Other Poems Arthur Quiller-Couch, Poems and Ballads Christina Rossetti, New Poems, edited by W. M
3.
1898 in poetry
–
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nations poetry or literature. The Generation of 98 was a group of novelists, poets, essayists, jose Martínez Ruiz, commonly known as Azorín, comes up with the name in 1913 to allude to the moral, political, and social crisis produced by Spains defeat. Writing mostly after 1910, the group reinvigorates Spanish letters, revives literary myths, in politics, members of the movement often justify radicalism and rebellion. Bliss Carman, By the Aurelian Wall William Henry Drummond, Phil-o-rum’s Canoe and Madeleine Vercheres, Two Poems, New York, G. P
4.
1908 in poetry
–
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nations poetry or literature. March – Ezra Pound leaves America for Europe, in April, he moves to Venice, where in July he self-publishes his first collection of poems, A Lume Spento. In August he settles in London, where he will remain until 1920, summer – The Marlowe Society stages a production at the New Theatre, Cambridge, of Miltons masque Comus directed by Rupert Brooke. Renée Vivien attempts suicide by overdose of laudanum at the Savoy Hotel in London, founding in London of the Poets Club, a group comprised mainly amateurs which met monthly for most of the year. Late in the year – T. E. Hulme reads to the Poets Club his paper, A Lecture on Modern Poetry, William Wilfred Campbell, Poetical Tragedies including Mordred, Daulac, Morning and Hildebrand William Henry Drummond, The Great Fight, Poems and Sketches. O. Barnabooth Louis-Joseph Doucet, La Chanson du Passant, French language, Canada Albert Ferland, Le Canada Chante, French language, Canada C
5.
1897 in literature
–
This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1897. January–March – Oscar Wilde, imprisoned in Reading Gaol in England, writes his letter to his lover, Lord Alfred Douglas, january 2 – Newspapers in London, England erroneously report the death of Mark Twain. It is believed that the rumors began when Twains cousin had become ill, Twain makes his famous statement the report of my death was an exaggeration. April–December – H. G. Wells science fiction novel The War of the Worlds is serialised in Pearsons Magazine, april 13 – The Grand Guignol is opened in Paris by Oscar Méténier. May 19 – Oscar Wilde is released early this morning from Pentonville Prison in London and this afternoon he visits Hatchards bookshop briefly before catching an evening train to Newhaven en route to exile on the continent under the name Sebastian Melmoth. On May 18 he had staged a reading of a version at the Lyceum Theatre. July 2 – Yorkshire Dialect Society founded, the oldest such society in England, july 25 – Writer Jack London sails to join the Klondike Gold Rush where he will write his first successful stories. October – First issue Albina, the Romanian literary and agriculturalist magazine aimed at a peasant readership, put out in Bucharest by Ioan Kalinderu, George Coșbuc, november 1 – The Library of Congress Building in Washington, D. C. is opened. December 30 – The comedy The White Horse Inn, by Oscar Blumenthal and Gustav Kadelburg, opens in Berlin, decades later it will be turned into a popular, hall Caines novel The Christian is published, becoming the first in Britain to sell a million copies. Anna Katharine Greens That Affair Next Door introduces the first female fictional character in a novel, Amelia Butterworth. Benito Pérez Galdós is elected to the Real Academia Española, the publisher Doubleday is founded as the Doubleday & McClure Company by Frank Nelson Doubleday in partnership with magazine publisher Samuel McClure in New York City. The publisher Commercial Press is founded as the first modern publishing organisation in China by 26-year-old Xia Ruifang and three friends in Shanghai
6.
1898 in literature
–
This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1898. January 13 – Émile Zolas open letter to Félix Faure, President of France, on the Dreyfus affair, on February 23, Zola is convicted of criminal libel in connection with Jaccuse. Following dismissal of his appeal he flees to London to escape imprisonment, in August he begins writing his novel Fécondité in the suburbs. February 5–June 18 – M. P. February 25 – Première of Frank Wedekinds Earth Spirit, first of his Lulu plays, in Leipzig, in a production by Carl Heine, March 25 – O. Henry is imprisoned in Ohio Penitentiary, Columbus, for embezzlement. May 28 – Max Beerbohm succeeds George Bernard Shaw as theatre critic of The Saturday Review, june – First appearance of E. W. Hornungs fictional gentleman thief A. J. Raffles in the story The Ides of March in Cassells Magazine. Peadar Ua Laoghaires story Séadna begins serialization in Ireland as the first Irish language novel, Gerald Duckworth establishes the publishers Gerald Duckworth and Company in London. Henry Jamess novella In the Cage is among their first years output, English designer C. R. Ashbee begins book production at the Essex House Press. Joseph Wrights English Dialect Dictionary begins publication, the Generation of 98 writers and thinkers are active in Spain. The term Young Poland is coined after a manifesto by Artur Górski, published in the Kraków newspaper Życie, to signify the period of modernism in the Polish arts. Burks, American writer September 15 – J. Slauerhoff, Dutch poet and novelist September 16 – H. A. S. Lewis, English novelist and childrens writer December 27 – W. C
7.
1899 in literature
–
This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1899. January 21 – French actress Sarah Bernhardt, having taken over management of the Paris theatre which she renames the Théâtre Sarah-Bernhardt, opens in the title rôle of Victorien Sardous La Tosca. On May 20 she premières an adaptation of Shakespeares Hamlet with herself in the title rôle March 20 – W. H. Davies, tramp-poet, loses his foot trying to jump a freight train at Renfrew, april – Karl Kraus establishes the radical periodical Die Fackel in Vienna. April–June – Rainer Maria Rilke travels to Moscow to meet Leo Tolstoy, may–December – Winston Churchills only work of fiction, Savrola, A Tale of the Revolution in Laurania, is serialized in Macmillans Magazine. May 8 – The Irish Literary Theatre, founded by W. B, Yeats, Augusta, Lady Gregory, George Moore and Edward Martyn, stages its first performance in Dublin, a version of Yeats verse drama The Countess Cathleen. June 20 – English writer Edward Thomas marries Helen Noble at Fulham register office, september 1 – The National Theatre in Norway opens with performances of pieces by Holberg. September – The British Mutoscope and Biograph Companys King John becomes the first known film based on a Shakespeare play, november 6 – William Gillettes play Sherlock Holmes, based on the writings of Arthur Conan Doyle, opens in New York City with himself in the title rôle. November 7 – Anton Chekhovs Uncle Vanya receives its metropolitan première at the Moscow Art Theatre with Konstantin Stanislavski directing and playing the rôle of Astrov and Olga Knipper as Yeléna. December 12 – Herbert Putnam is appointed Librarian of Congress in the United States, december – The imprisoned William Sydney Porters pseudonym O. Henry first appears over the short story Whistling Dicks Christmas Stocking in this months McClures Magazine. Curtis Brown established in London by American Albert Curtis Brown, edgar Rice Burroughs begins working in his fathers business. Simon Pokagons O-gi-maw-kwe Mit-I-gwa-ki is published, the first novel both by and about Native Americans in the United States, Arthur Machens wife Amy dies after a long illness, an event that has a devastating effect on him. Lin Shus first translation into Chinese from a Western text, The Lady of the Camellias as 巴黎茶花女遺事, is published, Leo Tolstoys last novel, Resurrection, is published serially in Niva. First series of the Arden Shakespeare under the editorship of W. J. Craig begins publication by Methuen in London with an edition of Hamlet edited by Edward Dowden. A. Henty – The Golden Canon E. W. Hornung – The Amateur Cracksman Henry James – The Awkward Age Selma Lagerlöf – The Tale of a Manor Octave Mirbeau – The Torture Garden A. E. W. M. Edwards, Guernsey-born writer July 11 – E. B
8.
1900 in literature
–
This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1900. May Rainer Maria Rilke makes his visit to Russia in the company of Lou Andreas-Salomé. Release of the first film to feature the detective character Sherlock Holmes, Sherlock Holmes Baffled, by the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company. May 17 – L. Frank Baums The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is published in Chicago, june 24 – During the Boxer Rebellion, the Hanlin Academy in Peking, housing the oldest and richest library in the world, catches fire and is destroyed. July 1 – Net Book Agreement comes into force in the U. K, november 19 – August Strindbergs To Damascus receives its première at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm with August Palme and Harriet Bosse, Strindbergs future wife, in the leading rôles. Ermete Novelli establishes the Casa di Goldoni, a new theatre, at Rome, S. Pritchett, English short story writer January 19 – William Larminie, Irish poet and folklorist January 20 – Richard Doddridge Blackmore, English novelist January 25 – Frederick H
9.
1902 in literature
–
This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1902. January 5 The political drama Dantons Death by Georg Büchner, receives its première, first performance of George Bernard Shaws controversial 1893 play Mrs. Warrens Profession at a private club in London. April – Mark Twain purchases a home in Tarrytown, New York, june 4 – Mark Twain receives an honorary doctorate of literature degree from the University of Missouri. June 16 – Bertrand Russell writes to Gottlob Frege informing him of the problem that will become known as Russells paradox. July 1 – The Romanian language literary review Luceafărul begins publication in Budapest, september 9 – P. G. Wodehouse leaves his job at the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Company in London to become a freelance writer. Early October – Beatrix Potters self-illustrated childrens book The Tale of Peter Rabbit is first published in an edition by Frederick Warne & Co in London. By the end of the year it sells 28,000 copies, October 5 – Thousands attend the funeral of French novelist Émile Zola at the Cimetière de Montmartre, Paris, they include Alfred Dreyfus, given special permission by Mme Zola to attend. November 4 – J. M. Barries comedy The Admirable Crichton is premièred at the Duke of Yorks Theatre in London, irving, Henry Kemble and Irene Vanbrugh and running for an extremely successful 828 performances. December 5 – Leo Tolstoys drama The Power of Darkness is premièred at the Moscow Art Theatre by Konstantin Stanislavski with some success, although he is self-critical. December 18 – Maxim Gorkys drama The Lower Depths – Scenes from Russian Life is premièred at the Moscow Art Theatre with Stanislavski directing and starring, the Irish Literary Theatre project ends. Poet Ștefan Petică publishes the cycle Fecioara în alb, which marks a maturing of Romanian Symbolism, crevedia, Romanian poet, novelist and journalist. A. Henty, English historical novelist Nobel Prize for Literature, Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen
10.
1899 in architecture
–
The year 1899 in architecture involved some significant events. March 14 - Church of the Saviour, Baku in Azerbaijan, april 2 - Maison du Peuple in Brussels, designed by Victor Horta is officially opened. July 20 - Park Row Building in New York City is completed and it holds this title until 1908. September 1 - The National Theatre opens in Norway, september 18 - Old City Hall in Toronto, Ontario, designed by E. J. Lennox, is inaugurated. October - Work begins on St Agathas Church, Sparkbrook, Birmingham, october 6 - John Rylands Library in Manchester, England, designed by Basil Champneys, is inaugurated. December 15 - Glasgow School of Art opens its new building, raffles Hotel, Singapore, designed by Regent Alfred John Bidwell of Swan and Maclaren, is completed. Café Museum in Vienna, with interior designed by Adolf Loos, is opened, approximate date - The Saitta House in Dyker Heights, Brooklyn, New York, designed by John J. Petit, is completed. In 2007, it is listed on both the State and National Register of Historic Places, auguste Choisy - Histoire de larchitecture Ellen Key - Beauty for All Royal Gold Medal - George Frederick Bodley. Grand Prix de Rome, architecture, Tony Garnier
11.
1899 in music
–
April 26 Jean Sibeliuss Symphony No.1 is premiered in Helsinki. Tenor Antonio Paoli makes his début in Rossinis William Tell in Paris, may 27 – Maurice Ravel conducts the first performance of his song cycle Shéhérazade. June 19 – Edward Elgars Enigma Variations are premiered in London, september 18 – Scott Joplins Maple Leaf Rag is registered for copyright as ragtime music enjoys mainstream popularity in the United States. Claude Debussy marries Rosalie Texier, having lived for nine years with her best friend, adelina Patti marries Baron Rolf Cederström. Dame Marie Tempest marries actor-playwright Cosmo Stuart, unknown date, Billy Murray makes his singing debut. Absent w. Catherine Young Glen m, W. Charles Horwitz m. Frederick V. Bowers Cake Walk In The Sky by Ben Harney Come Home Dewey We Wont Do A Thing To You w. m. Paul Dresser A Coon Band Contest m. Arthur Pryor Cotton Pickers Rag & Cakewalk by William Braun Doan Ye Cry, alfred W. Noll Hands Across The Sea m. John Philip Sousa Hearts And Flowers w. Mary D. Brine m. Theodore Moses Tobani Hello, ida Emerson & Joseph E. Howard Id Leave My Happy Home For You w. Will A. Heelan m. Harry Von Tilzer If Only You Were Mine w. Harry B. Smith m, victor Herbert Ill Be Your Sweetheart w. m. Harry Dacre Impecunious Davis by Kerry Mills Keep on the Sunny Side, w. A. Blenkhorn, thurland Chattaway Maple Leaf Rag by Scott Joplin Mosquito Parade m. Howard Whitney My Little Georgia Rose w. Robert F. Roden m. Max S. Witt My Wild Irish Rose w. m, chauncey Olcott O Sole Mio. w. Giovanni Capurro m. Eduardo di Capua A Picture No Artist Can Paint w. m, J. Fred Helf She Was Happy Till She Met You w. Charles Graham m. Monroe H. Rosenfeld Smoky Mokes m. Abe Holzmann Stay In Your Own Back Yard w. Karl Kennett m, lyn Udall The Story Of The Rose w. Alice m. Andrew Mack Telephone Me, Baby w. m. George M. Cohan Theres Where My Heart Is Tonight w. m, paul Dresser Where The Sweet Magnolias Grow w. Andrew B. Sterling m. Harry Von Tilzer Whistling Rufus w. W. Murdock Lind m. Kerry Mills You Tell Me Your Dream, Ill Tell You Mine w. Seymore Rice & Albert H. Brown, m. Charles N. Daniels Abide With Me – Frank C. Stanley on Edison Records Always
12.
Rudyard Kipling
–
Joseph Rudyard Kipling was an English journalist, short-story writer, poet, and novelist. Kiplings works of fiction include The Jungle Book, Kim, and many short stories and his poems include Mandalay, Gunga Din, The Gods of the Copybook Headings, The White Mans Burden, and If—. Kipling was one of the most popular writers in the United Kingdom, Henry James said, Kipling strikes me personally as the most complete man of genius, as distinct from fine intelligence, that I have ever known. In 1907, at the age of 42, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, making him the first English-language writer to receive the prize and its youngest recipient to date. He was also sounded out for the British Poet Laureateship and on occasions for a knighthood. Kiplings subsequent reputation has changed according to the political and social climate of the age, George Orwell called him a prophet of British imperialism. Literary critic Douglas Kerr wrote, is still an author who can inspire passionate disagreement and his place in literary, but as the age of the European empires recedes, he is recognised as an incomparable, if controversial, interpreter of how empire was experienced. That, and a recognition of his extraordinary narrative gifts. Rudyard Kipling was born on 30 December 1865, in Bombay, in the Bombay Presidency of British India, to Alice Kipling, Alice was a vivacious woman about whom Lord Dufferin would say, Dullness and Mrs. Kipling cannot exist in the same room. Lockwood Kipling, a sculptor and pottery designer, was the Principal, John Lockwood and Alice had met in 1863 and courted at Rudyard Lake in Rudyard, Staffordshire, England. They married and moved to India in 1865 and they had been so moved by the beauty of the Rudyard Lake area that when their first child was born they referenced it when naming him. Alices sister Georgiana was married to painter Edward Burne-Jones, and her sister Agnes was married to painter Edward Poynter, Kiplings most famous relative was his first cousin, Stanley Baldwin, who was Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom three times in the 1920s and 1930s. Kiplings birth home on the campus of the J J School of Art in Bombay for many years was used as the Deans residence. Although the cottage bears a plaque stating that this is the site where Kipling was born, the original cottage may have torn down decades ago. Some historians and conservationists are also of the view that the bungalow merely marks a site close to the home of his birth, as the bungalow was built in 1882, Kipling seems to have also said so to the dean when he visited J J School in the 1930s. Kipling was to write of Bombay, According to Bernice M. Murphy, Kipling’s parents considered themselves Anglo-Indians and so too would their son, complex issues of identity and national allegiance would become prominent features in his fiction. So one spoke English, haltingly translated out of the idiom that one thought. Kiplings days of light and darkness in Bombay ended when he was five years old
13.
The White Man's Burden
–
Originally, Kipling wrote the poem for the Diamond Jubilee celebration of Queen Victorias reign, but it was exchanged for the poem Recessional, also by Kipling. The poem of The White Mans Burden was first published in the 10 February 1899 edition of the New York Sun, a McLures newspaper. S should renounce claim of authority over the Philippine Islands. To that effect, Senator Tillman asked, Four days later, on 11 February 1899, kiplings literary work extolling the virtues of British colonialism in India was popular in the U. S. Like much of his work, The White Mans Burden is a celebration of imperialism. T. Johnson, a clergyman, and Take up the Black Mans Burden by J. Dallas Bowser. S, ernest Crosby wrote a poem, The Real White Mans Burden. In the Congo Free State, the British journalist, E. D. Morel, reported the brutality of Belgian imperialism in The Black Mans Burden. In The Black Mans Burden, The White Man in Africa, from the Fifteenth Century to World War I, Morel presents a critique of the relation between the White Mans Burden and the Black Mans Burden
14.
Irish poetry
–
Irish poetry includes poetry in two languages, Irish and English. The earliest surviving poems in Irish date back to the 6th century and this culminated in the work of the poets of the Irish Literary Revival in the late 19th and early 20th century. Poetry in Irish represents the oldest vernacular poetry in Europe, the earliest examples date from the 6th century, and are generally short lyrics on themes from religion or the world of nature. They were frequently written by their authors in the margins of the illuminated manuscripts that they were copying. The best known example is Pangur Bán and it was practical for poems to be short because the Irish recognized that it was necessary to use any means necessary to make the poems lasting in their oral culture. To accomplish such a feat as well as they have, they used complicated rhyme schemes that would render a poem nonsensical if any of the key words were changed from the original version, in an oral culture, Irish poetry had many uses. A poem could be used to both the poet and the subject of the poem, oftentimes kings would commission poets to create a piece about them. Such poems would be passed on to descendants so they would remember the deeds of past generations. Kings would also commission poets to write poems of advertisement, speaking of the greatness and worthiness. Oral poetry, because it was in the vernacular, was used for entertainment. Poems that were entertaining could also be informative, teaching people lessons or offering them wisdom of experience for dealing with situations they would encounter in their everyday lives. Finally, poems, especially those featured in the sagas, were thought to be an instrument of the supernatural, Another source of early Irish poetry is the poems in the tales and sagas, such as the Táin Bó Cúailnge. Unlike many other European epic cycles, the Irish sagas were written in prose, Irish bards formed a professional hereditary caste of highly trained, learned poets. As officials of the court of king or chieftain, they performed a number of official roles and they were chroniclers and satirists whose job it was to praise their employers and damn those who crossed them. It was believed that a well-aimed bardic satire, glam dicin, the Metrical Dindshenchas, or Lore of Places, is probably the major surviving monument of Irish bardic verse. It is a great onomastic anthology of naming legends of significant places in the Irish landscape, the earliest of these date from the 11th century, and were probably originally compiled on a provincial basis. As a national compilation, the Metrical Dindshenchas has come down to us in two different recensions. Knowledge of the real or putative history of local places formed an important part of the education of the elite in ancient Ireland, verse tales of Fionn and the Fianna, sometimes known as Ossianic poetry, were extremely common in Ireland and Scotland throughout this period
15.
W. H. Davies
–
William Henry Davies or W. H. Davies was a Welsh poet and writer. Davies spent a significant part of his life as a tramp or hobo, in the United Kingdom and United States, but became one of the most popular poets of his time. The principal themes in his work are observations about lifes hardships, the ways in which the condition is reflected in nature, his own tramping adventures. Davies is usually considered one of the Georgian Poets, although much of his work is not typical of the group, the son of an iron moulder, Davies was born at 6, Portland Street in the Pillgwenlly district of Newport, Monmouthshire, Wales, a busy port. He had a brother, Francis Gomer Boase and in 1874 his younger sister Matilda was born. In November 1874, when William was aged three, his father died, the following year his mother Mary Anne Davies remarried and became Mrs Joseph Hill. She agreed that care of the three children should pass to their grandparents, Francis and Lydia Davies, who ran the nearby Church House Inn at 14. His grandfather Francis Boase Davies, originally from Cornwall, had been a sea captain, Davies was related to the famous British actor Sir Henry Irving, he later recalled that his grandmother referred to Irving as the cousin who brought disgrace on us. Davies grandmother was described, by a neighbour who remembered her, pretty little caps, with bebe ribbon, tiny roses and puce trimmings. A maidservant, a dog, a cat, a parrot, a dove, Sitwell also recounts that Davies grandmother, a Baptist by denomination, was of a more austere and religious turn of mind than her husband. In 1879 the family moved to Raglan Street, then later to Upper Lewis Street, in 1883 he moved to Alexandra Road School and the following year was arrested, as one of a gang of five schoolmates, and charged with stealing handbags. He was given twelve strokes of the birch, in 1885 Davies wrote his first poem entitled Death. In his Poets Pilgrimage Davies recounts the time when, at the age of 14 and he missed the final moments of his grandfathers death as he was too engrossed in reading a very interesting book of wild adventure. Having finished school under the cloud of his theft he worked first for an ironmonger, in November 1886, his grandmother signed the papers for Davies to begin a five-year apprenticeship to a local picture-frame maker. Davies never enjoyed the craft, however, and never settled into any regular work and he was a difficult and somewhat delinquent young man, and made repeated requests to his grandmother to lend him the money to sail to America. When these were all refused, he eventually left Newport, took casual work, the Autobiography of a Super-Tramp, published in 1908, covers his life in the USA between 1893 and 1899, including many adventures and characters from his travels as a drifter. During this period he crossed the Atlantic at least seven times and he travelled through many of the states, sometimes begging, sometimes taking seasonal work, but often ending up spending any savings on a drinking spree with a fellow traveller. He took advantage of the system of boodle, in order to pass the winter in Michigan
16.
1922 in poetry
–
— Opening lines from The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot, first published this year Nationality words link to articles with information on the nations poetry or literature. February 2 Who Goes with Fergus. by W. B, yeats is the song that haunts James Joyces autobiographical character Stephen Dedalus in the novel Ulysses, first published complete in book form today. Stephen sings it to his mother as she lies dying, the poem is Joyces favorite lyric, and he has composed his own musical setting. In a savage creative storm of less than three weeks beginning today at the Château de Muzot in Switzerland, Rainer Maria Rilke writes his Sonnets to Orpheus and completes his Duino Elegies. April – The Fugitive is established in Nashville, Tennessee, by John Crowe Ransom, june – Over a single night at his home in Shaftsbury, Vermont, Robert Frost completes the long poem New Hampshire and at sunrise writes Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. His poem Bidrohi is first collected this year in his first anthology, october 15 – T. S. Eliot establishes The Criterion magazine, containing the first publication of his poem The Waste Land. This first appears in the United States later this month in The Dial and is first published complete with notes in book form by Boni, november – Robert Bridges publishes his essay on free verse, Humdrum and Harum-Scarum. Yeats becomes a member of the Seanad Éireann in the Irish Free State. William Wilfred Campbell, The Poetical Works of Wilfred Campbell, W. J. Sykes ed. posthumously published William Douw Lighthall, Marjorie Pickthall, The Woodcarver’s Wife, and Later Poems]. Squire, Poems, Second Series Muriel Stuart, Poems W. B. B. V. de L. B, yeats April 19 - Marjorie Pickthall, English-born Canadian writer. May 13 – Sir Walter Raleigh, Scottish scholar, poet and author July 8 – Mori Ōgai 森 鷗外 / 森 鴎外, Japanese physician, translator, novelist and poet August 2 – M
17.
Romesh Chunder Dutt
–
Romesh Chunder Dutt, CIE was an Indian civil servant, economic historian, writer, and translator of Ramayana and Mahabharata. Dutt was born into a distinguished Bengali Kayastha family well known for its members literary and his parents were Thakamani and Isam Chunder Dutt, a Deputy Collector in Bengal, whom Romesh often accompanied on official duties. He was educated in various Bengali District schools, then at Hare School, after his fathers untimely death in a boat accident in eastern Bengal, his uncle, Shoshee Chunder Dutt, an accomplished writer, became his guardian in 1861. He commenting on his uncle, wrote, He used to sit at night with us and he was a relative of Toru Dutt, one of nineteenth century Bengals most prominent poets. He entered the University of Calcutta, Presidency College in 1864 and he passed the First Arts examination in 1866, ranking second in order of merit and won a scholarship. While still a student in the B. A. class, without his familys permission, he, at that time, only one other Indian, Satyendra Nath Tagore, had qualified for the Indian Civil Service. Dutt aimed to emulate Tagores feat, for a long time, before and after 1853, the year the ICS examination was introduced in England, only British officers were appointed to covenanted posts. At University College London, Dutt continued to study British writers and he qualified for the Indian Civil Service in the open examination in 1869, taking third place. He was called to the bar by the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple on 6 June 1871 and he entered the Indian Civil Service as an assistant magistrate of Alipur in 1871. He served as administrator for Backerganj, Mymensingh, Burdwan, Donapur and he became Burdwans District Officer in 1893, Commissioner of Burdwan Division in 1894, and Divisional Commissioner for Orissa in 1895. Dutt was the first Indian to attain the rank of divisional commissioner, Dutt retired from the ICS in 1897. In 1898 he returned to England as a lecturer in Indian History at University College and he returned to India as dewan of Baroda State, a post he had been offered before he left for Britain. In 1907, he became a member of the Royal Commission on Indian Decentralisation. He was president of the Indian National Congress in 1899 and he was also a member of the Bengal Legislative Council. He served as the first president of Bangiya Sahitya Parishad in 1894, while Rabindranath Tagore and his The Literature of Bengal presented a connected story of literary and intellectual progress in Bengal over eight centuries, commencing with the early Sanskrit poetry of Jayadeva. It had appeared originally under the disguise of a name in 1877. It was dedicated to his uncle, Rai Shashi Chandra Dutt Bahadur. He was an economic historian of India of the nineteenth century
18.
Ramayana
–
The Ramayana is an ancient Indian epic poem which narrates the struggle of the divine prince Rama to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana. Along with the Mahabharata, it forms the Sanskrit Itihasa, the Ramayana is one of the largest ancient epics in world literature. It consists of nearly 24,000 verses, divided into seven Kandas, in Hindu tradition, it is considered to be the adi-kavya. It depicts the duties of relationships, portraying characters like the ideal father, the ideal servant, the ideal brother, the ideal wife. The Ramayana was an important influence on later Sanskrit poetry and Hindu life, like the Mahabharata, the Ramayana is not just a story, it presents the teachings of ancient Hindu sages in narrative allegory, interspersing philosophical and ethical elements. The name Ramayana is a compound of the name Rāma and ayana. According to Hindu tradition—and according to the Ramayana itself—the epic belongs to the genre of itihasa like Mahabharata, the definition of itihāsa is a narrative of past events which includes teachings on the goals of human life. According to Hindu tradition, Ramayana takes place during a period of known as Treta Yuga. In its extant form, Valmikis Ramayana is a poem of some 24,000 verses. The text survives in several thousand partial and complete manuscripts, the oldest of which is a manuscript found in Nepal. A Times of India report dated 18 December 2015 informs about discovery of a 6th-century manuscript of the Ramayana at the Asiatic Society library, the Ramayana text has several regional renderings, recensions and subrecensions. Goldman differentiates two major regional recensions, the northern and the southern, scholar Romesh Chunder Dutt writes that the Ramayana, like the Mahabharata, is a growth of centuries, but the main story is more distinctly the creation of one mind. There has been discussion as to whether the first and the last chapters of Valmikis Ramayana were composed by the original author. Most Hindus still believe they are parts of the book, in spite of some style differences. Some cultural evidence, such as the presence of sati in Mahabharata but not in the body of Ramayana. By tradition, the text belongs to the Treta Yuga, second of the four eons of Hindu chronology, Rama is said to have been born in the Treta yuga to king Dasharatha in the Ikshvaku dynasty. The names of the characters are all known in late Vedic literature, however, nowhere in the surviving Vedic poetry is there a story similar to the Ramayana of Valmiki. Also, in the epic Mahabharata, there is a version of Ramayana known as Ramopakhyana and this version is depicted as a narration to Yudhishthira
19.
Tekkan Yosano
–
Tekkan Yosano was the pen-name of Yosano Hiroshi, a Japanese author and poet active in late Meiji, Taishō, and early Shōwa period Japan. His wife was fellow author Yosano Akiko, cabinet minister and politician Kaoru Yosano is his grandson. Yosano was born in Kyoto as the son of Buddhist priest, after graduation, he taught Japanese language for four years at Tokuyama Girls School, in what is now Shunan city, Yamaguchi prefecture. He was forced to quit over alleged improprieties with one of his students, at the age of 20, he moved to Tokyo. He supported himself as a writer for Tokyo newspapers. On 11 May 1894, he published a strongly worded article encouraging the reform of traditional Japanese poetry, or waka, to give it more originality, Yosano was a disciple of Ochiai Naobumi, and a prominent founding member of the latters Asaka Society. In 1900, Yosano founded the literary magazine Myōjō, and soon collected a circle of poets, including Kitahara Hakushū, Yoshii Isamu. The magazine was popular with young poets who shared Yosanos enthusiasm for revitalizing waka through the medium of tanka poetry. One of the earliest contributors to his magazine was a woman named Hō Shō. Yosano is also one of the five authors of the essays 5 Pairs of Shoes, Japanese literature List of Japanese authors Yosa District, Kyoto - Tekkans fathers birthplace. The origin of Tekkans family name Yosano, e-texts of Tekkans works at Aozora bunko DIJ-Deutsches Institut für Japanstudien
20.
Japanese poetry
–
Much of the literary record of Japanese poetry begins when Japanese poets encountered Chinese poetry during the Tang dynasty. For example, in the Tale of Genji both kanshi and waka are frequently mentioned, since the middle of the 19th century, the major forms of Japanese poetry have been tanka, haiku and shi or western-style poetry. Today, the forms of Japanese poetry include both experimental poetry and poetry that seeks to revive traditional ways. Poets writing in tanka, haiku and shi may seldom write poetry other than in their specific chosen form, although some active poets are eager to collaborate with poets in other genres. Also, much of Japanese poetry features short verse forms, often collaborative, older forms of Japanese poetry include kanshi, which shows a strong influence from Chinese literature and culture. Kanshi literally means Han poetry and it is the Japanese term for Chinese poetry in general as well as the written in Chinese by Japanese poets. Kanshi from the early Heian period exists in the Kaifūsō anthology, Waka are composed in Japanese, and are contrasted with poetry composed by Japanese poets in Classical Chinese, which are known as kanshi. The Manyōshū anthology preserves from the eighth century 265 chōka,4,207 tanka, one tan-renga, one bussokusekika, four kanshi, and 22 Chinese prose passages. However, by the time of the tenth century Kokinshū anthology, waka had become the term used for short poems of the tanka form. Tanka are poems written in Japanese with five lines having a 5-7-5-7-7 metre, the tanka form has shown some modern revival in popularity. As previously stated, it used to be called waka, much traditional Japanese poetry was written as the result of a process of 2 or more poets contributing verses to a larger whole piece, such as in the case of the renga form. Typically, the honored guest would begin by composing a few beginning lines and this initial sally would be followed by a stanza composed by the host. This process could continue, sometimes with many composed by numerous other guests. Other collaborative forms of Japanese poetry also evolved, such as the renku form, haiku are a short, 3-line verse form, which have achieved significant global popularity, and the haiku form has been adapted from Japanese into other languages. Typical of the form is the metrical pattern of 3 lines with a distribution of 5,7. Other features include the juxtaposition of two images or ideas with a kireji between them, and a kigo, or seasonal reference, usually drawn from a saijiki, much of Japanese poetry has been transmitted historically through published anthologies, many of them with imperial patronage. Important collections are the Manyōshū, Kokin Wakashū, Shin Kokin Wakashū, the history of Japanese poetry is tied to the history of Japanese literature, that is in the purely historical sense of having extant written records. However, the early pre-history and mythology of Japan involve or include some references to poetry, and, the earliest preserved works in the Japanese language also preserve some previous poetry from this earlier period
21.
William Wilfred Campbell
–
William Wilfred Campbell was a Canadian poet. By the end of the 19th century, he was considered the poet laureate of Canada. Inspired by these writers, Campbell expressed his own religious idealism in traditional forms, William Wilfred Campbell was born around 1 June circa 1860 in Berlin, Ontario, now present-day Kitchener. His father, Rev. Thomas Swainston Campbell, was an Anglican clergyman who had assigned the task of setting up several frontier parishes in Canada West. The Campbell family settled in Wiarton, Ontario in 1871, where Wilfred grew up, Campbell married Mary DeBelle in 1884. They had four children, Margery, Faith, Basil, in 1885 Campbell was ordained to the Episcopal priesthood, and was soon appointed to a New England parish. In 1888 he returned to Canada and became rector of St. Stephen, in 1891, after suffering a crisis of faith, Campbell resigned from the ministry and took a civil service position in Ottawa. He received a permanent position in the Department of Militia and Defence two years later, living in Ottawa, Campbell became acquainted with Archibald Lampman—his next door neighbor at one time—and through him with Duncan Campbell Scott. In February 1892, Campbell, Lampman, and Scott began writing a column of literary essays, as Lampman wrote to a friend, Campbell is deplorably poor. They agreed to it, and Campbell, Scott and I have been carrying on the thing for several weeks now, the column ran only until July 1893. Lampman and Scott found it difficult to keep a rein on Campbells frank expression of his heterodox opinions, readers of the Toronto Globe reacted negatively when Campbell presented the history of the cross as a mythic symbol. His apology for overestimating their intellectual capacities did little to resolve the controversy and it was the principles of Imperialist that guided his work in Poems of loyalty by British and Canadian authors and for The Oxford Book of Canadian Verse. As editor of The Oxford book of Canadian Verse, Campbell devoted more pages to his own poetry than to others, but by choosing mostly from his longer work—including an excerpt from Mordred —he did not choose his best work. In contrast, the poems he selected from his fellow Confederation Poets reflected some of their best work, Campbell was transferred to the Dominion Archives in 1909. In 1915 he moved his family to an old farmhouse on the outskirts of Ottawa. He died of pneumonia on New Years morning,1918 and he was buried in Ottawas Beechwood Cemetery. Seems to have printed at a newspaper office sometime around 1879 or 1880. He placed poetry in the University of Toronto Varsity in 1881, as a theology student in Massachusetts, Campbell met Oliver Wendell Holmes, who recommended his poetry to Atlantic Monthly editor Thomas Bailey Aldrich
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small}
