1.
1896 in film
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The following is an overview of the events of 1896 in film, including a list of films released and notable births. January - In the United States, the Vitascope film projector is designed by Charles Francis Jenkins, Armat begins working with Thomas Edison to manufacture it. January 14 - Birt Acres demonstrates his film projector, the Kineopticon and this is the first film show to an audience in the U. K. February 20 - In London, Robert W. Paul demonstrates his film projector, the Theatrograph, at the Alhambra Theatre. The Lumière Brothers first project their films in Britain, at the Empire Theatre of Varieties, april - Edison and Armats Vitascope is used to project motion pictures in public screenings in New York City. May 14 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia is crowned in Moscow, in France, magician and filmmaker Georges Méliès begins experimenting with the new motion picture technology, developing early special effect techniques, including stop motion. The Pathé Frères film company is founded, William Selig founds the Selig Polyscope Company in Chicago. Demeny-Gaumont work on a 60 mm format, first known as Biographe, casimir Sivan and E. Dalphin create a 38 mm format. H. Laddé The Haunted Castle, directed by Georges Méliès The Kiss, directed by William Heise, starring May Irwin, may be considered the first romantic film. H. Laddé Up the River, directed by Unknown The Vanishing Lady, directed by Georges Méliès Zwemplaats voor Jongelingen te Amsterdam, mantell 1896 in film playlist on YouTube
2.
1900 in art
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Exposition Universelle in Paris helps popularize Art Nouveau style. Alphonse Mucha decorates the Bosnia and Herzegovina Pavilion and collaborates on the Austria-Hungary one, F. Holland Day organizes an exhibition of the New School of American Photography at the Royal Photographic Society in London. The Wallace Collection in London opens to the public, the Zachęta art gallery in Warsaw is completed. Claude Monet stays in London and begins his Houses of Parliament series of paintings, wilhelm von Debschitz and Hermann Obrist found the Lehr- und Versuchsatelier für angewandte und freikunst, an influential art school in Munich. Kenton Florence Fuller – Inseparables J. W. J. W. Waterhouse Destiny The Siren January 5 – Yves Tanguy, painter
3.
1900 in architecture
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The year 1900 in architecture involved some significant events. July 19 - The Paris Métro opens, with entrances designed by Hector Guimard in 1899, antoni Gaudí begins work on the Parc Güell, which he works on for the next fourteen years. The Gare dOrsay, the modern-day Musée dOrsay, is built in Paris by Victor Laloux, the Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower at the University of Birmingham, England, is completed. The OXO Tower in London, England, is completed, the Royer Printing House, designed by Lucien Weissenburger, is completed. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Tallinn, designed by Mikhail Preobrazhensky, is completed, villa Schutzenberger in Strasbourg, France, is completed. Kinloch Castle on the isle of Rùm, Scotland, designed by Leeming & Leeming, is completed, bullough Mausoleum on the isle of Rùm, Scotland, built. Royal Gold Medal - Rodolfo Amadeo Lanciani, grand Prix de Rome, architecture, Paul Bigot. English architect August 18 - Edward Habershon, English ecclesiastical architect
4.
1900 in literature
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This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1900. May Rainer Maria Rilke makes his visit to Russia in the company of Lou Andreas-Salomé. Release of the first film to feature the detective character Sherlock Holmes, Sherlock Holmes Baffled, by the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company. May 17 – L. Frank Baums The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is published in Chicago, june 24 – During the Boxer Rebellion, the Hanlin Academy in Peking, housing the oldest and richest library in the world, catches fire and is destroyed. July 1 – Net Book Agreement comes into force in the U. K, november 19 – August Strindbergs To Damascus receives its première at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm with August Palme and Harriet Bosse, Strindbergs future wife, in the leading rôles. Ermete Novelli establishes the Casa di Goldoni, a new theatre, at Rome, S. Pritchett, English short story writer January 19 – William Larminie, Irish poet and folklorist January 20 – Richard Doddridge Blackmore, English novelist January 25 – Frederick H
5.
1900 in music
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This is a mostly comprehensive list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1900. April - Mary Garden makes her debut in the title role of Gustave Charpentiers opera Louise. October 3 - Edward Elgars The Dream of Gerontius receives its première in Birmingham, the Honolulu Symphony Orchestra is founded. Absence Makes The Heart Grow Fonder w. Arthur Gillespie m. Herbert Dillea A Bird in a Gilded Cage w. Arthur J. Lamb m. Harry Von Tilzer The Blue, paul Dresser Bridge Of Sighs w. m. James Thornton Calligan - Call Again, Herbert Rutter & Harry Lauder Calling To Her Boy Just Once Again w. m. Paul Dresser Creolle Belles w. George Sidney m. J. Bodewalt Lampe The Duchess Of Central Park w. J. Cheaver Goodwin m. Maurice Levi Every Race Has a Flag but the Coon w. m. Will A. Heelan & J. Fred Helf Eyes Of Blue m. Andrew Mack The Fatal Rose of Red - J. Fred Helf The Flight Of The Bumble Bee m, nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov A Flower From The Garden Of Life w. m. Thurland Chattaway For Old Times Sake w. m, Charles K. Harris The Gladiators Entry m. Julius Fučík Hail To The Spirit Of Liberty w. m, john Philip Sousa Hunky Dory m. Abe Holzmann I Cant Tell Why I Love You But I Do w, gus Edwards I Love You, Ma Cherie w. m. Paul Rubens I Must Have Been A-Dreamin w. m, bob Cole I Need The Money w. m. Raymond A. Browne I Wont Be an Actor No More w. m, George M. Cohan In The House Of Too Much Trouble w. m. Will A. Heelan & J. Fred Helf Ive A Longing In My Heart For You Louise w. m, Charles K. Harris Just Because She Made Dem Goo-Goo Eyes w. m. John Stromberg Midnight Fire-Alarm - H. J. Lincoln My Charcoal Charmer w, gus Edwards My Drowsy Babe w. George Totten Smith m. George A. Nichols My Sunflower Sue w. Walter H. Ford m. John Walter Bratton Nothing Doing w. Edgar Smith m, john Stromberg Off To Philadelphia w. Gordon Temple m. Walter B. Will D. Cobb The Old Flag Never Touched The Ground w. m, james Weldon Johnson & J. Rosamond Johnson Song Of The Flea - w. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, m. Modest Moussorgsky Strike Up the Band - Here Comes a Sailor w. Andrew B, sterling m. Charles B. Ward Swipesy m. Scott Joplin and Arthur Marshall The Tale Of The Kangaroo w. Frank Pixley m. Gustave Luders Tell Me Pretty Maiden w. Owen Hall m, leslie Stuart That Old Sunny Window w. m
6.
Reel
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A reel is an object around which lengths of another material are wound for storage. Generally a reel has a core and walls on the sides to retain the material wound around the core. In some cases the core is hollow, although other items may be mounted on it, the size of the core is dependent on several factors. A smaller core will obviously allow more material to be stored in a given space, however, there is a limit to how tightly the stored material can be wound without damaging it and this limits how small the core can be. Other issues affecting the core include, Mechanical strength of the core Acceptable turning speed any functional requirements of the core e. g. For a reel that must be mechanically turned the size of the grips that mount it on the mechanical turning device, the size of the mountings needed to support the core during unwinding. Anything mounted on the cores With material such as photographic film that is flat and long but is relatively wide, in cases where the material is more uniform in cross-section, the material may be safely wound around a reel that is wider than its width. In this case, several windings are needed to create a layer on the reel, most films have visible cues which mark the end of the reel. This allows projectionists running reel-to-reel to change over to the reel on the other projector. A so-called two-reeler would have run about 20–24 minutes since the short film shipped to a movie theater for exhibition may have had slightly less than 1,000 ft on it. Most modern projectionists use the term reel when referring to a 2, 000-foot two-reeler, as modern films are rarely shipped by single 1, a standard Hollywood movie averages about five 2000-foot reels in length. Had it not been standardized there would have many difficulties in the manufacture of the related equipment. A16 mm reel is 400 feet and it runs, at sound speed, approximately the same amount of time as a 1, 000-foot 35 mm reel. A split reel is a motion picture film reel in two halves that, when assembled, hold a specific length of motion picture film that has been wound on a plastic core. Using a split reel allows film to be shipped or handled in a lighter and smaller form than film would on a fixed reel, in silent film terminology, two films on one reel. Actors may submit a demo reel of their work to prospective employers, often in physical reel format
7.
1887 in film
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The following is an overview of the events of 1887 in film, including a list of films released and notable births. Hannibal Goodwin files for a patent for his photographic film, Louis Le Princes 16-lens camera is made in the United States and the film Man Walking Around a Corner is filmed using it this year. Man Walking Around a Corner, directed by Louis Le Prince, filmed in Paris before 18 August 1887. People could view realistic photographs with nature, history, and science themes, at first, the shows used random images, but over time, the projectionists began to place the slides in logical order, creating a narrative. The next step back to pre-date the Langenheim brothers work is the process created by Louis Daguerre in 1839 called daguerreotype. Followed 2 years later by a photographic process created by William Henry Fox Talbot in 1841 called calotype. The next step back to pre-date Daguerres work is a theory of moving images presented by Peter Mark Roget in 1824 called Persistence of Vision. This theory helped advance experiments to prove that a frame rate of less than 16 frames per second caused the mind to see flashing images. Audiences still interpret motion at rates as low as ten frames per second or slower, a modern theatrical film runs at 24 frames a second. This is the case for both film and digital cinema systems. Archived from the original on 2013-07-13
8.
1910s in film
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The decade of the 1910s in film involved some significant films. The 1910s saw the origins of Hollywood as the centre of the American film industry relocated from New York to California, by 1912, major motion-picture companies had set up production near or in Los Angeles. In the early 1900s, most motion picture patents were held by Thomas Edisons Motion Picture Patents Company in New Jersey, to escape this, filmmakers began moving out west, where Edisons patents could not be enforced. Also, the weather was ideal and there was access to various settings. Los Angeles became the capital of the film industry, during the First World War the film industries of Europe were devastated, and Hollywood replaced the French and Italian firms as the most popular film makers in the world. Film, History of film, Lists of films
9.
1916 in film
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The year 1916 in film involved some significant events. August 10 - The official British documentary propaganda film The Battle of the Somme is premièred in London, in the first six weeks of general release 20 million people view it. September 5 - Release of D. W. Griffiths epic film Intolerance, Loves Struggle Through the Ages, starring Lillian Gish and Constance Talmadge and it is estimated to have cost around $2.5 million to make but is initially a commercial failure. October 17 - Release of A Daughter of the Gods, the first US production with a million dollar budget, november 19 - Samuel Goldfish and Edgar Selwyn establish Goldwyn Pictures, later to become one of the most successful independent filmmakers. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers is founded in the United States as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers,11 mm, an amateur film gauge, appears on the market
10.
1917 in film
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1917 in film was a particularly fruitful year for the art form, and is often cited as one of the years in the decade which contributed to the medium the most, along with 1913. Secondarily the year saw a limited global embrace of narrative film-making, primarily, the year is an American landmark, as 1917 is the first year where the narrative and visual style is typified as Classical Hollywood. February - Buster Keaton first meets Roscoe Fatty Arbuckle in New York and is hired as a co-star and gag man. April 23 - Release in the United States of the short The Butcher Boy, the first of Roscoe Fatty Arbuckles series of films with the Comique Film Corporation, april 25 - Thomas Lincoln Tally, in a meeting in New York, co-founds the First National Exhibitors Circuit. September 13 - Release in the United States of The Gulf Between, the first film made in Technicolor System 1, a two-color process. November 9 - Worlds first feature-length animated film is made in Argentina by Quirino Cristiani December 18 - Foundation of Universum Film AG, as a film company. Movette, another revision of the 17.5 mm film format, is made available, april 23 - The Butcher Boy, starring Fatty Arbuckle with Buster Keaton May 14 - A Romance of the Redwoods, directed by Cecil B. DeMille, starring Mary Pickford May 19 - One Law for Both directed by Ivan Abramson May 20 - Souls Triumphant, starring Lillian Gish May 21 - A Reckless Romeo, august 27 - The Little American, starring Mary Pickford, directed by Cecil B. September 22 - Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, starring Mary Pickford September 30 - Camille, a Fatty Arbuckle / Buster Keaton short. October 29 - Coney Island, a Fatty Arbuckle / Buster Keaton short. S
