1.
Exposition Park (Pittsburgh)
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Exposition Park was the name given to three historic stadiums, located in what is today Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The fields were used mainly for baseball and American football from c.1879 to c. The ballparks were located on the north side of the Allegheny River in Allegheny City. The city was annexed into Pittsburgh in 1907, which became the citys North Side, due to flooding from the nearby river, the three stadiums exact locations varied somewhat. The final version of the ballpark was between the sites of Three Rivers Stadium and PNC Park. In 1903, the incarnation of Exposition Park was the first National League ballpark to host a World Series game. Named for other expositions that would be there, including horse racing and circuses. Despite its reason for construction Exposition Park II was built closer to the River, the Alleghenys played at the second incarnation of the park until they moved to Recreation Park in 1884, which was several blocks north and out of the flood plain. While the Pittsburg Pirates were playing games at Recreation Park, owners John Beemer. Lennon of the Pittsburgh Burghers constructed a park near the former site of Exposition Park I and II. Exposition Park III included a wooden grandstand around the infield. Total capacity was about 10,000 spectators, the seats faced the Allegheny River and the Point. The Burghers played at the stadium during the 1890 Players League season— both the team and leagues only season in existence, on June 10,1890, Jocko Fields of the Pittsburgh Burghers hit the first home run at Exposition Park III. The Pittsburg Pirates moved to Exposition Park the following season, on April 24,1891, Fred Carroll hit the first home run by a Pirate in the stadium. Under the management of Fred Clarke the Pirates won the National League pennant in 1901,1902, after the 1903 season, Dreyfuss and Boston Americans owner Henry Killilea organized a best of nine game series to match the two pennant winners against each other. The first World Series held three games in Boston before moving to Exposition Park with the Pirates leading the series 2–1, on October 6,1903,7,600 people attended the first World Series game in a National League stadium—the Pirates won by one run. The following day 12,000 people attended the game, forcing spectators to stand behind a rope in the outfield. The Pirates lost three of four games at Exposition Park and eventually the Series, during a July 4,1902 doubleheader against the Brooklyn Superbas, an Allegheny flood caused water to rise to thigh level in center and right fields, and about head level in deep center
2.
Carnegie Library of Homestead
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The Carnegie Library of Homestead is a public library founded by Andrew Carnegie in 1896. It is one of 2,509 Carnegie libraries worldwide 1,689 built in the United States and it was the sixth Library commissioned by Carnegie in the U. S. and the seventh to open. Completed in November 1898, it is the third oldest Carnegie library in operation in its original structure in the U. S. after the Main Branch. The building houses a library holding over 34,000 volumes, a 1, 000-seat music hall, and an athletic club with a heated indoor pool. The Carnegie Library of Homestead is an independent entity, it is not a branch of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh and our works at Homestead are not to us as our works at Edgar Thomson. Our men there are not partners, Carnegie said, groundbreaking for the $300,000 project took place in April 1896. The French Renaissance design was the work of Pittsburgh architects Frank Alden, contractor William Miller and Sons used Pompein brick for construction of the 220 by 132 foot facility. Renovations and modifications have not altered the physical arrangement of the building. While Carnegie required communities to use funds to subsidize the operation of his libraries. Operation of the libraries in Braddock, Homestead and Duquesne were originally funded by Carnegies plants in those towns, after the sale of his business to U. S. Steel in 1901, Carnegie established a $1 million trust to support the three facilities. In the 1960s, the Braddock and Duquesne libraries were turned over to the districts in those communities by the Board of the Endowment for the Monongahela Valley. The Homestead library is now the sole beneficiary of Carnegies gift, when the financial crash of 2008 reduced the value of the endowment by $300,000, the library board furloughed its executive employees and assumed management responsibilities rather than cut services. Fundraising efforts, revenue from athletic club memberships, music hall rentals, in the early 20th century, the Homestead Library & Athletic Club football team, composed of many former star Ivy League players, was considered one of the top semi-professional teams in the country. Hall of Famer Rube Waddell played for the Clubs baseball team, the amateur teams at the library also won national championships in wrestling and track & field. In the 1920s and 1930s, four Olympians trained in the swimming pool. Gorman first swam in 1927 while on vacation, when she returned to Homestead she purchased a three-month membership at the library and pool for $1. At age 92 in 2008, Gorman still swam at the library, the building has rightfully in the center as the focus The Library-- Music Hall upon the right and the Working Mans Club upon the left. These three foundations from which healing waters are to flow for the Instruction, Entertainment and Happiness of the people, recreation of the working man has an important bearing upon his character and development as his hours of work
3.
Pittsburgh Stars
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The Pittsburgh Stars or Pittsburg Stars were a professional American football team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1902. The team was member of what was referred to as the first National Football League, the whole league was a curious mixture of baseball and football. The Stars were managed and funded, on paper, by Dave Berry, however, the team was suspected of being secretly financed by the Pittsburgh Pirates. The Stars, and the league, began as a part of the wars between the National League and the newly formed American League, which began in 1901. Across the state in Philadelphia, two league teams fought for control of the citys baseball market. These teams were the Athletics, which were represented in the American League, the interleague fighting began when the Athletics lured several of the Phillies players from their contracts, only to lose them again through court actions. In 1902, Phillies owner John Rogers decided to start a team, he therefore took control of the Philadelphia Football Club team. The Athletics owner, Ben Shibe, followed suit and fielded, named a team named Philadelphia Athletics and he appointed his baseball manager Connie Mack as the teams general manager and named former Penn player, Charles Blondy Wallace as the teams coach. Berry met with the two Philadelphia owners and agreed to establish a team, due to the animosity between Rodgers and Shibe, Berry was then elected as league president. Berry constructed his team from many of the key players that played for the Homestead Library & Athletic Club and he then became the teams owner and manager. However, Berrys modest income showed that he couldnt possibly have the money to cover the salaries of the top pros the team employed, all by himself. Suspicion fell on William Chase Temple, the steelman whod formerly backed the Homestead Library & Athletic Club and who was still an officer with the Pirates, and Barney Dreyfuss, both denied any connection to the teams finances, and Berry insisted he was the teams sole owner. No one believed them then, nor do any sports historians believe them now, regardless of who the teams owner was, Berry still made all the management decisions. And right away he alienated many fans in Pittsburgh when he decided to have his team train in Greensburg,40 miles away. Berry stated that Greensburgs Natatorium provided better facilities than what could be found in Pittsburgh, even the benefits of breathing Greensburgs clear, country air failed to impress Pittsburghers who were used to constantly breathing highly polluted air in city during the early 1900s. Wrote one historian, As far as the fans were concerned, Berry had deserted Pittsburgh, Berry then added another error by announcing that his team would play a couple of games in Greensburg, coming to Pittsburgh itself only for big-money games. As a result, the Pittsburgh Press took to calling them the Greensburg team, however, Berry did build a top-notch team. As a player-coach he hired, a former Brown University All-American, Richardson had quarterbacked the Homestead Library & Athletic Club in 1901
4.
American football
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The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, or else they turn over the football to the opposing team, if they succeed, they are given a new set of four downs. Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the teams end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponents goalposts for a field goal. The team with the most points at the end of a game wins, American football evolved in the United States, originating from the sports of association football and rugby football. The first game of American football was played on November 6,1869, during the latter half of the 1870s, colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code, which allowed carrying the ball. American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States, Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game, with the other major levels being high school and youth football. As of 2012, nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually, almost all of them men, in the United States, American football is referred to as football. The term football was established in the rulebook for the 1876 college football season. The terms gridiron or American football are favored in English-speaking countries where other codes of football are popular, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, American football evolved from the sports of association football and rugby football. What is considered to be the first American football game was played on November 6,1869 between Rutgers and Princeton, two college teams, the game was played between two teams of 25 players each and used a round ball that could not be picked up or carried. It could, however, be kicked or batted with the feet, hands, head or sides, Rutgers won the game 6 goals to 4. Collegiate play continued for years in which matches were played using the rules of the host school. Representatives of Yale, Columbia, Princeton and Rutgers met on October 19,1873 to create a set of rules for all schools to adhere to. Teams were set at 20 players each, and fields of 400 by 250 feet were specified, Harvard abstained from the conference, as they favored a rugby-style game that allowed running with the ball. An 1875 Harvard-Yale game played under rugby-style rules was observed by two impressed Princeton athletes and these players introduced the sport to Princeton, a feat the Professional Football Researchers Association compared to selling refrigerators to Eskimos. Princeton, Harvard, Yale and Columbia then agreed to play using a form of rugby union rules with a modified scoring system. These schools formed the Intercollegiate Football Association, although Yale did not join until 1879, the introduction of the snap resulted in unexpected consequences. Prior to the snap, the strategy had been to punt if a scrum resulted in bad field position, however, a group of Princeton players realized that, as the snap was uncontested, they now could hold the ball indefinitely to prevent their opponent from scoring. In 1881, both teams in a game between Yale-Princeton used this strategy to maintain their undefeated records, each team held the ball, gaining no ground, for an entire half, resulting in a 0-0 tie
5.
Homestead, Pennsylvania
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Homestead is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA, in the Monongahela River valley 7 miles southeast of downtown Pittsburgh and directly across the river from the city limit line. The borough is known for the Homestead Strike of 1892, an important event in the history of relations in the United States. The population of Homestead was 3,165 at the 2010 census, the area on the south bank of the Monongahela River now comprising the boroughs of Homestead, Munhall and West Homestead saw the first white settlers arrive in the 1770s. One hundred years later, much of the farmland on the flats and hillsides by the river was purchased, laid out in lots and sold by local banks. The town was chartered in 1880, the building of a railroad, glass factory, and in 1881 the first iron mill began a period of rapid growth and prosperity. In 1883, Andrew Carnegie bought out Homestead Steel Works, adding it to his empire of steel, Carnegie had recently acquired a controlling interest in Henry Clay Fricks coke works on the Monongahela, setting the stage for the dramatic labor clash in Homestead. Homestead gained international notoriety in July 1892 as the site of a violent clash between locked-out steelworkers and hired Pinkerton guards, known as the Homestead Strike, carnegies management locked the workforce out, declaring that the union would no longer be recognized at the steel works. To break the strike and secure the mill from the disgruntled workers, when barges carrying the Pinkertons arrived at the mill on the morning of July 6, workers and townspeople met them at the riverbanks. Though eyewitness accounts differed on which side first fired a shot, the governor of Pennsylvania eventually called out the National Guard to restore order to the town and take control of the mill. Frick successfully destroyed the union in Homestead and, by extension, the Battle of Homestead, as the event came to be known, represented a stunning setback for unionization in the highly mechanized steel industry. It also set the stage for the steel strike of 1919. At the turn of the 20th century, in 1900, the population of Homestead was 12,554 people, due mostly to immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe, by 1910 the population jumped to 18,713, then to 20,452 in 1920. In 1940,19,041 people lived in Homestead, during the early 1940s half the population was displaced as the United States government added to the steel mills to have the capacity for armor plating for ships and tanks. After the end of the war, a decline in the industry of the United States took place. By 1980, it had become difficult to obtain employment at the Homestead Works, the Homestead Works was demolished in the early 1990s, replaced in 1999 by The Waterfront shopping mall. As a direct result of the loss of employment, the number of people living in Homestead dwindled. By the time of the 2010 census, the population was 3,165. The borough began financially recovering in 2002, with the retail tax base
6.
Pittsburgh
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Pittsburgh is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County. The city proper has a population of 304,391. The metropolitan population of 2,353,045 is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia, the second-largest in Pennsylvania, and the 26th-largest in the U. S. The city features 30 skyscrapers, two inclines, a fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers. Aside from steel, Pittsburgh has led in manufacturing of aluminum, glass, shipbuilding, petroleum, foods, sports, transportation, computing, autos, and electronics. For part of the 20th century, Pittsburgh was behind only New York and Chicago in corporate headquarters employment, Americas 1980s deindustrialization laid off area blue-collar workers and thousands of downtown white-collar workers when the longtime Pittsburgh-based world headquarters moved out. The area has served also as the federal agency headquarters for cyber defense, software engineering, robotics, energy research. The area is home to 68 colleges and universities, including research and development leaders Carnegie Mellon University, the region is a hub for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, sustainable energy, and energy extraction. Pittsburgh was named in 1758 by General John Forbes, in honor of British statesman William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham. The current pronunciation, which is unusual in English speaking countries, is almost certainly a result of a printing error in some copies of the City Charter of March 18,1816. The error was repeated commonly enough throughout the rest of the 19th century that the pronunciation was lost. After a public campaign the original spelling was restored by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1911. The area of the Ohio headwaters was long inhabited by the Shawnee, the first known European to enter the region was the French explorer/trader Robert de La Salle from Quebec during his 1669 expedition down the Ohio River. European pioneers, primarily Dutch, followed in the early 18th century, Michael Bezallion was the first to describe the forks of the Ohio in a 1717 manuscript, and later that year European fur traders established area posts and settlements. In 1749, French soldiers from Quebec launched an expedition to the forks to unite Canada with French Louisiana via the rivers, during 1753–54, the British hastily built Fort Prince George before a larger French force drove them off. The French built Fort Duquesne based on LaSalles 1669 claims, the French and Indian War, the North American front of the Seven Years War, began with the future Pittsburgh as its center. British General Edward Braddock was dispatched with Major George Washington as his aide to take Fort Duquesne, the British and colonial force were defeated at Braddocks Field. General John Forbes finally took the forks in 1758, Forbes began construction on Fort Pitt, named after William Pitt the Elder while the settlement was named Pittsborough
7.
Pittsburgh Pirates
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The Pittsburgh Pirates are an American professional baseball team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Pirates compete in Major League Baseball as a club of the National League Central division. Founded on October 15,1881 as Allegheny, the franchise has won five World Series championships, the Pirates are also often referred to as the Bucs or the Buccos. They also won the 1971 World Series, led by the talent of Roberto Clemente, overall, the Pirates have won five World Series and lost two. They would then advance to the NL Division Series round, where they lost in 5 games to the St. Louis Cardinals, the Pirates would continue their success and make the playoffs in both 2014 and 2015, losing in the Wild Card Game both times. Professional baseball has been played in the Pittsburgh area since 1876, the teams of the era were independents, barnstorming throughout the region and not affiliated with any organized league, though they did have salaries and were run as business organizations. On October 15,1881, the strongest team in the joined the American Association as a founding member to begin play in 1882. Their various home fields in the 19th century were in a city called Allegheny City. After five mediocre seasons in the A. A, Pittsburgh became the first A. A. team to switch to the older National League in 1887. At this time, the team renamed itself the Pittsburgh Alleghenys, at that time, owner-manager Horace Phillips sold the team to Dennis McKnight, Phillips stayed on as manager. Before the 1890 season, nearly all of the Alleghenys best players bolted to the Players Leagues Pittsburgh Burghers, the Players League collapsed after the season, and the players were allowed to go back to their old clubs. However, the Alleghenys also scooped up highly regarded second baseman Lou Bierbauer, although the Athletics had failed to include Bierbauer on their reserve list, they loudly protested the Alleghenys move. In an official complaint, an AA official claimed the Alleghenys signing of Bierbauer was piratical and this incident quickly accelerated into a schism between the leagues that contributed to the demise of the A. A. Although the Alleghenys were never found guilty of wrongdoing, they made sport of being denounced for being piratical by renaming themselves the Pirates for the 1891 season, the nickname was first acknowledged on the teams uniforms in 1912. The Pirates were a team in the early 1900s, winning National League pennants from 1901–1903. They again won the NL in 1925 and 1927 and the World Series in 1925, after a slow period, they returned to dominance and won the 1960 World Series,1971 World Series and 1979 World Series. They won Eastern Division titles from 1990–1992 but did not return to the post-season after that until 2013, on Opening Day 2015 the Pirates loss to the Cincinnati Reds represented its 10, 000th franchise loss since moving to the NL. This made the Pirates the fourth MLB team to achieve distinction, following the Philadelphia Phillies, Atlanta Braves
8.
William Chase Temple
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William Chase Temple was a coal, citrus, and lumber baron during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was also an owner of the Pittsburgh Pirates from baseballs National League. He became the first sole owner of a professional American football team, Temple was born in Starke, Florida. After moving to Delaware, he attended school in Wilmington. After graduation, he worked as an employee of Plankinton & Armour in Milwaukee, in June 1880, he worked as a bank clerk for Alexander Mitchell Bank in Milwaukee. By 1883, Chase returned to Florida and became a lumber baron, between 1885 and 1889, he was a President and General Manager of the Metropolitan Electrical Service Company in New York City. He later became a manager of Babcock & Wilcox Steam Boiler Company in Pittsburgh, while in Pittsburgh, he was on the boards of directors of more than 20 industrial, mining and financial companies. From 1891 until 1893, Temple was the president and part-owner of the Pittsburgh Pirates, in 1894, he donated a 30-inch-high silver cup, later called the Temple Cup to the National League. The first and second-place teams of the league would play in a seven-game, post season, the revenue from the series was to be split 65% to 35%, however, the players of the first series in 1894 decided to evenly split the money. However, after the series the New York Giants reportedly cheated some Oriole players out of their money, tainting the Cup, the Duquesnes had become the best professional team in Pennsylvania and, almost certainly, in the country. In 1900, A. C. Dinkey stole most of the Duquesne players, as well as Temple, over the next two seasons, Homestead fielded the best professional football team in the country and did not lose a game. In 1902, Temple and Pittsburgh Pirates majority owner, Barney Dreyfuss, were suspected of being the owners to the Pittsburgh Stars of the first National Football League. Temple denied any connection to the Stars finances, as well as being the teams owner, the teams owner on paper, David Berry, insisted that he was the teams sole owner. However, it was impossible for him to afford the money to finance the team without the backing of Temple or Dreyfuss, the Stars would go on to win the 1902 NFL championship. In 1909, Temple founded the Florida Citrus Exchange in 1909, during that time, Temple helped increased the business of the exchange from $200,000 to $5,000,000 per year. In 1915, he was named the first president of the South Florida Chamber of Commerce and he was also the first life member of the American Automobile Association. Temple died in 1917 in Winter Park, Florida, and is buried in the local Palm Cemetery, prior to his death, he served as the towns mayor. Temple Terrace, a city in northeastern Hillsborough County, was named after Temple, the Temple orange was named after him as well
9.
Duquesne Country and Athletic Club
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The Duquesne Country and Athletic Club was a professional football team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from 1895 until 1900. The team was considered one of the best, if not the best, however the team is most famous for being the first football franchise to be owned by an individual, William Chase Temple. The Duquesne Country and Athletic Club, started playing in 1895, however, after four games, before playing the Pittsburgh Athletic Club, they began hiring stars and soon became the most professional team in the city. Duquesne fielded the best team in Pittsburgh since 1895, in 1898 the Duquesnes decided to build an even better team. After the 1897 season, the club had signed a number of players to contracts for the next year. However at this time, many of the players went into the army in the spring to fight in the Spanish–American War and this led the Duquesnes to sign replacements for those players in the army. While this at first looked to be a bad sign for Duquesne for the 1898 season, many of replacement player that were signed proved to perform better than the originals. Then when the war ended in just a few months and the original players returned home. In fact it became apparent that the bench-warmers for the Duquesnes would actually be star players on lesser teams. Those players, tight end Tommy Randolph, offensive tackle Otto Wagonhurst, offensive guard John Wienstein, and running back Don McNeil would have been regulars for the rival Pittsburgh Athletic Club. At the end of the 1898 season, Dave Berry, the manager of the Latrobe Athletic Association came up with the idea fielding a team composed of best players and that team would then play the Duquesnes in an all-star game. Berry was able to get many of the players that he wanted for his all-star team, in Greensburg, local leaders urged players from the Greensburg Athletic Association not to play in the game. Also many other players had baseball to prepare for and did not bother with the game, however the game was a go and was arranged for Saturday, December 3 at Exposition Park. The Duquesnes would go on to win the game 16-0, when it became apparent around this time that the Duquesnes could not survive financially while paying its players, William C. Temple, its chairman, took over the team becoming the first known individual club owner. However, in days of professional football, the public wrongly viewed everyone who was playing for an athletic club. So the date of Temple becoming the first owner is still in question, several histories have tabbed the 1898 season, when the team was suddenly confronted with more players under contract than theyd expected. While others argue for 1899, when several new stars were hired to keep the team on top, the NFLs official chronology states that in 1900 Temple took over the D. C
10.
Brown University
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Brown is the seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine Colonial Colleges established before the American Revolution. At its foundation, Brown was the first college in the United States to accept students regardless of their religious affiliation and its engineering program was established in 1847 and was the first in the Ivy League. It was one of the early doctoral-granting U. S. institutions in the late 19th century, adding master, Browns New Curriculum is sometimes referred to in education theory as the Brown Curriculum and was adopted by faculty vote in 1969 after a period of student lobbying. In 1971, Browns coordinate womens institution Pembroke College was fully merged into the university, Pembroke Campus now operates as a place for dorms and classrooms. Undergraduate admissions is very selective, with a rate of 8.3 percent for the class of 2021. The University comprises The College, the Graduate School, Alpert Medical School, the School of Engineering, the School of Public Health, and the School of Professional Studies. The Brown/RISD Dual Degree Program, offered in conjunction with the Rhode Island School of Design, is a course that awards degrees from both institutions. Browns main campus is located in the College Hill Historic District in the city of Providence, the Universitys neighborhood is a federally listed architectural district with a dense concentration of Colonial-era buildings. On the western edge of the campus, Benefit Street contains one of the finest cohesive collections of restored seventeenth-, Browns faculty and alumni include eight Nobel Prize laureates, five National Humanities Medalists, and ten National Medal of Science laureates. Other notable alumni include eight billionaire graduates, a U. S. Supreme Court Chief Justice, to erect a public Building or Buildings for the boarding of the youth & the Residence of the Professors. Stiles and Ellery were co-authors of the Charter of the College two years later, there is further documentary evidence that Stiles was making plans for a college in 1762. On January 20, Chauncey Whittelsey, pastor of the First Church of New Haven, answered a letter from Stiles, should you make any Progress in the Affair of a Colledge, I should be glad to hear of it, I heartily wish you Success therein. Isaac Backus was the historian of the New England Baptists and an inaugural Trustee of Brown, Mr. James Manning, who took his first degree in New-Jersey college in September,1762, was esteemed a suitable leader in this important work. Manning arrived at Newport in July 1763 and was introduced to Stiles, stiless first draft was read to the General Assembly in August 1763 and rejected by Baptist members who worried that the College Board of Fellows would under-represent the Baptists. A revised Charter written by Stiles and Ellery was adopted by the Assembly on March 3,1764, in September 1764, the inaugural meeting of the College Corporation was held at Newport. Governor Stephen Hopkins was chosen chancellor, former and future governor Samuel Ward was vice chancellor, John Tillinghast treasurer, the Charter stipulated that the Board of Trustees be composed of 22 Baptists, five Quakers, five Episcopalians, and four Congregationalists. Of the 12 Fellows, eight should be Baptists—including the College president—and the rest indifferently of any or all Denominations, the Charter was not the grant of King George III, as is sometimes supposed, but rather an Act of the colonial General Assembly. In two particulars, the Charter may be said to be a uniquely progressive document, the oft-repeated statement is inaccurate that Browns Charter alone prohibited a religious test for College membership, other college charters were also liberal in that particular
11.
Dave Fultz
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David Lewis Fultz was an American football and baseball player and coach. In a seven-season career, Fultz posted a.271 batting average with 223 RBI, Fultz played college football and college baseball at Brown University, from which he graduated in 1898. He served as the football coach at the University of Missouri, Lafayette College, Brown. Fultz was also the baseball coach at the United States Naval Academy in 1907. A native of Staunton, Virginia, Fultz graduated in 1898 with a law degree from Brown University, signed by the Phillies the same year, he played for them in part of two seasons and went to Baltimore in the 1899 midseason and played under John McGraw. With McGraw, Fultz developed as a base stealer, and in hit and run. When the American League was created, Fultz joined the Philadelphia Athletics of Connie Mack in 1901, appearing at shortstop and second base, Fultz led his team with 36 stolen bases and hit.292 with 95 runs scored. His most productive came in 1902, when he stole 44 bases, hit a career-high.302. On September 4, he stole second base, third and home, from 1903 to 1905, Fultz played for the New York Highlanders when Clark Griffith managed the team. During the offseason and in his time he attended New York Law School. Fultz averaged 30 stolen bases per season with a high 42 in 1905 and that season, he suffered a late September collision with teammate Kid Elberfeld, breaking his nose and jaw, and retired at 31 age. Fultz also played football in 1900 and 1901 with the Homestead Library & Athletic Club. In 1901 he was named the teams captain, prior to playing for Homestead, Fultz played football for the Duquesne Country and Athletic Club in 1899. Fultz served as the football coach at the University of Missouri, Lafayette College, Brown University. He also coached baseball at the United States Naval Academy, Columbia University, Fultz got his first coaching job in 1898 as the eighth head football coach at the University of Missouri. Missouri finished with a 1–4–1 record under Fultz and he returned to coach the Tigers for one game in 1900, a victory, before handing over the reins to his former Brown teammate, Fred W. Murphy. Ernest Cleveland E. C. White coached Missouri to a 9–2 record in 1899, in 1902, Fultz returned to coaching at Lafayette College and posted a record of 8–3. In six of the victories, the opponents were held scoreless, in 1904 Fultz became the seventh head football coach at the New York University
12.
History of the Philadelphia Athletics
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The Oakland Athletics, a current Major League Baseball franchise, originated in Philadelphia. This article details the history of the Philadelphia Athletics, from 1901 to 1954, see also, Philadelphia Baseball Wall of Fame The Western League had been renamed the American League in 1900 by league president Bancroft Johnson, and declared itself the second major league in 1901. Johnson created new franchises in the east and eliminated some franchises in the West, Philadelphia had a new franchise created to compete with the National Leagues Philadelphia Phillies. Former catcher Connie Mack was recruited to manage the club, Mack in turn persuaded Phillies minority owner Ben Shibe as well as others to invest in the team, which would be called the Philadelphia Athletics. Mack himself bought a 25% interest, while the remaining 25% was sold to Philadelphia sportswriters Sam Jones, the new league recruited many of its players from the existing National League, persuading them to jump to the American League in defiance of their National League contracts. One of the players who jumped to the new league was second baseman Nap Lajoie and he won the A. L. s first batting title with a.426 batting average, still a league record. The Athletics and the American League received a setback when, on April 21,1902, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court invalidated Lajoies contract with the Athletics and this order, though, was only enforceable in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Lajoie was sold to Cleveland, but was out of road games in Philadelphia until the National Agreement was signed between the two leagues in 1903. In the early years, the As established themselves as one of the dominant teams in the new league, winning the A. L. pennant six times and they won over 100 games in 1910 and 1911, and 99 games in 1914. The team was known for its $100,000 Infield, consisting of Stuffy McInnis, Eddie Collins, Jack Barry, Rube Waddell was also a major pitching star for the As in the early 1900s. According to Lamont Buchanan in The World Series and Highlights of Baseball, Plank holds the franchise record for career victories, with 284. In 1909, the As moved into the leagues first concrete-and-steel ballpark. This remains the second and last time in history where a new ballpark was built specifically for the As. Later in the decade, Mack bought the 25% of the stock owned by Jones. Shibe ceded Mack full control over the side while retaining control over the business side. In 1914, the Athletics lost the 1914 World Series to the Miracle Braves in a four-game sweep, Mack traded, sold or released most of the teams star players soon after. In his book To Every Thing a Season, Bruce Kuklick points out there were suspicions that the As had thrown the Series, or at least laid down. Mack himself alluded to that years later, but debunked it
13.
American League
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The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League, is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in the United States and Canada. It developed from the Western League, a league based in the Great Lakes states. It is sometimes called the Junior Circuit because it claimed Major League status for the 1901 season,25 years after the formation of the National League. At the end of season, the American League champion plays in the World Series against the National League champion. Through 2016, American League teams have won 64 of the 112 World Series played since 1903, the 2016 American League champions are the Cleveland Indians. The New York Yankees have won 40 American League titles, the most in the history, followed by the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics. Originally a minor league known as the Western League, the American League later developed into a major league after the American Association disbanded, in its early history, the Western League struggled until 1894, when Ban Johnson became the president of the league. Johnson led the Western League into major league status and soon became the president of the newly renamed American League, babe Ruth, noted as one of the most prolific hitters in Major League Baseball history, spent the majority of his career in the American League. The American League has one notable difference versus the National League, in 1902, the Milwaukee Brewers moved to St. Louis and were renamed the St. Louis Browns. In 1902, The Cleveland Bluebirds were also renamed the Cleveland Broncos, in 1903, the Broncos were renamed the Cleveland Naps. In 1915, the Naps were renamed the Cleveland Indians, in 1903, the Baltimore Orioles moved to New York and were renamed the New York Highlanders. In 1913, the Highlanders were renamed the New York Yankees, in 1904, the Chicago White Stockings were renamed the Chicago White Sox. In 1908, the Boston Americans were renamed the Boston Red Sox, in 1954, the St. Louis Browns moved to Baltimore and were renamed as the Baltimore Orioles. In 1955, the Philadelphia Athletics moved to Kansas City and were renamed as the Kansas City Athletics, in 1961, the league expanded and added two teams as the Los Angeles Angels and the Washington Senators, expanding the league to 10 teams. The original Senators team moved to Minneapolis/St, Paul in 1961 and were renamed as the Minnesota Twins. The Angels team name changed to the California Angels in 1966, then to the Anaheim Angels in 1997, the Kansas City Royals and the Seattle Pilots were added to the American League, expanding the league to 12 teams. In 1970, the Seattle Pilots moved to Milwaukee and were renamed the Milwaukee Brewers, in 1972, the Washington Senators relocated to the Dallas/Fort Worth area and were renamed the Texas Rangers. In 1977, the league expanded to fourteen teams, when the Seattle Mariners, in 1998, the Tampa Bay Rays was added to the American League and at the same time, the Milwaukee Brewers were switched to the National League, leaving the American League with 14 teams
14.
Pete Overfield
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Peter Delome Pete Overfield was an All-American and professional football player, federal judge and rancher. Overfield played center for the University of Pennsylvania and was a first-team All-American in 1898 and 1899 and he served as a federal district judge in Alaska from 1909 to 1917. In 1917, he moved to Casa Grande, Arizona where he lived for the remainder of his life, Overfield played center for the Penn Quakers from 1897 to 1899 and was selected as a first-team All-American in both 1898 and 1899. Overfield was known as a fierce competitor, after Harvard defeated Penn 16–0 in 1899, Overfield tried to prevent Harvard from securing the ball as a trophy in accordance with a custom. A scuffle spread into the stands, and Penns coach ultimately secured the ball from Overfield, after graduating from Penn, Overfield remained active in football. He was a coach for a time at Multnomah College. Overfield played a total of nine years of college and professional football without ever suffering an injury and he played on the famed 1900 and 1901 Homestead Library & Athletic Club football teams in Pittsburgh. The 1901 Homestead team consisted of college football All-Americans, including Overfield, Bemus Pierce. The team beat Lafayette 66–0 in two ten-minute halves, on November 23,1901, the Homestead Library team featuring Overfield defeated the Blondy Wallaces Philadelphia professionals for the professional football championship of the United States. The game was played at the Philadelphia park, and Homestead won by a score of 18 to 0, the New York Times reported on the game as follows, Against the well-trained, concerted team work of Homestead they were like so many pigmies. Their line could not hold the fast onslaught of the Western contingent, … The 5,000 spectators present shivered through thirty minute halves and at no time during the game was a real opportunity offered to get enthusiastic over the work of Wallaces team. It was a made up of stars against well-trained team work. In 1903, Overfield played in a Thanksgiving Day game in Denver on a team composed of old stars of the Sigma Chi fraternity. The 1903 Sigma Chi All-Star team was made up of former All-Americans, including Overfield, Thorpe, Hernstein, Stahl, Starbuck, Van Valken, in 1923, Princeton head coach William Roper named Overfield as the center on his All-Time All-Eastern football team. Roper wrote, Pete Overfield would be equipped to act as pivot on any team today just as he was when he played for Pennsylvania twenty-odd years ago. If my recollection is correct Overfield was down the field on kicks with the ends and he was a sure passer and a wonderful defensive man. He played in a day of a line, with the center on the line of scrimmage on every play. In 1906, Overfield moved to Nome, Alaska where he practiced law from 1906-1909, in 1909, Overfield was appointed by President William Howard Taft as a federal district judge serving in the third judicial district of Alaska
15.
Bemus Pierce
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Bemus Pierce was an American football player and coach. He played as a guard in the 1890s and 1900s and he also played for the All-Syracuse team in 1902, the first indoor professional football team. Pierce served as the football coach at the University of Buffalo in 1899, at the Carlisle Indian School in 1906. Bemus Pierce, a member of the Seneca nation, was born on February 23 or 28,1873 on the Cattaraugus Reservation, Erie County and he married Annie Gesis, a fellow Carlisle student, also from Cattaraugus, in April 1899 in the local Episcopal Church. He attended the Carlisle Indian School where he played on the first great Carlisle football teams from 1894 to 1897, Pierce was a large player for the 1890s at six-feet, one and one-half inches, and 225 pounds. He was selected as captain of the Carlisle football teams of 1895,1896 and he also became Carlisles first All-American as a lineman in 1896. In an 1896 game between Carlisle and Illinois played in Chicago, Pierce returned three kick-offs for touchdowns, at Carlisle, Pierce was teammates with his brother Hawley Pierce. The two brothers, each weighing over 200 pounds, were both among the best players of their day. In 1906, The Washington Post declared them the greatest pair of brothers in the history of the sport, But the greatest pair of brother linesmen were the Indians. Bemus Pierce and Hawley Pierce were right guard and left tackle in the Carlisle line in the old days when the redskin booters of the prolate had everything in the country scared, two hundred pounds apiece they weighed, and they won games for their team in 97. Tackle back and guard back for a half was the Indian play. Bemus was captain of the team and one of the best men on the football has seen. He could measure and place his kicks accurately and every red knew where the ball was going before it soared, during a game against Penn, Pierce faced off against Alfred E. Bull. Bull and Pierce faced each other on the line throughout the game, and on a late in the game Pierce sent Bull to the ground. After the play, Pierce cried out to the Penn players, Pierce played with his brothers, Jerry and Hawley, on the same team. Bemus Pierce scaled nearly 225 pounds, but he was tall, despite his great bulk he was fast as a streak, and no line player of recent years has shown more real ability. Bemus in the opinion of Princeton and Harvard opponents, was one of the greatest linemen that ever stood on a football field, Foster Sanford agrees with this and Foster knows a lineman when he sees one. Pierce went on to professional football in the early years of the sport
16.
Art Poe
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He was selected retroactively by the Helms Athletic Foundation as the national college football player of the year for 1899, and was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1969. Poe attended Princeton University, and was named to Walter Camps All-American football second team in 1898, Arthur made the plays that led to victories over Yale in 1898 and 1899. In 1898 he took the ball from a Yale runners grasp, remarkably, he almost repeated the feat in the games second half when he ran 90 yards with a Yale fumble for an apparent touchdown before the ball was ruled down where it had been recovered. In 1899, Poe volunteered to attempt a field goal with only 30 seconds to play. Poe, despite never having before kicked in a game, volunteered to kick both of Princetons kickers had left the game due to injury. His kick was good and brought about an 11-10 Princeton victory over Yale, in 1914, a Pittsburgh Press article declared the last-minute winning field goal Footballs Greatest Moment. Both his winning run in 1898 and kick against the Elis in 1899 were celebrated in comic, quasi-epic poems by fellow Princeton grad MCready Sykes in a book entitled Poes Run and Other Poems. Of Poes long touchdown run to beat Yale 6-0 in 1898, Sykes penned, Hys eyes on ye dystante Goale, He lookes behynde him not, but from ye Scripture learned in Youthe Rememberethe Mrs. Lot. Ye Elis tears in fierce Pursuite, But Poe eludes ycm alle, He rushes twixt ye quyverrynge Postes, in addition to excelling at football, Arthur was the top wrestler during his time at Princeton and was voted the most popular man in his class. Dartmouth star Fred Crolius, who played with Poe on the Homestead Library & Athletic Club team after they had left college, described Poes grit as an undersized football star. Arthur Poe was about as game a man as the world ever saw said Crolius. He was handicapped in his playing by a knee which would easily slip out of place, after this was done, he would jump up and no one would ever know that it had been out. This man, who perhaps was the smallest man playing at that time, was absolutely unprotected and his suit consisted of a pair of shoes, stockings, unpadded pants, jersey and one elastic knee bandage. In 1900 and 1901, Poe played for the Homestead Library & Athletic Club as the team won the professional football championship both years. In 1902, he joined many of his former Homestead players in the first National Football League as a member of the Pittsburgh Stars, the Stars would go on to win the league title that year. After graduating from Princeton in 1900, Poe married Anne Emerson King in 1904 and they moved to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where he would become the assistant plant manager and then the plant manager for the Quaker Oats Company. Lukes Hospital, a member of the International Board of Directors of the Y. M. C. A. He was honored after his death in 1951 by the Quaker Oats Co. who erected a chapel on the Coe College campus
17.
Daff Gammons
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John Ashley Daff Gammons was an American baseball and football player, college football and baseball coach, amateur golfer, and insurance agent. He played professional baseball for one season,1901, for the Boston Beaneaters, Gammons served as the head football coach at Brown University in 1902,1908, and 1909, and as its head baseball coach from 1901 to 1903. Gammons was born on March 17,1876 in New Bedford and he attended Brown University where he earned letters in football from 1895 to 1897, and baseball, including on the 1896 national championship team. He graduated from Brown in 1898, and then attended Harvard University in 1899 and 1900, after college, Gammons embarked upon a professional career in the insurance business. In 1901, he founded his own company, John A. Gammons, Inc. in Providence, Rhode Island. One source considered Gammons to be one of the insurance agents of Providence. Gammons also continued his career in both football and baseball. In 1898, Gammons played football for the Duquesne Country and Athletic Club, at the end of Duquesnes season, he ran 60 yards on a punt return for a score against the 1898 Western Pennsylvania All-Star football team. Gammons played semiprofessional baseball from 1898 to 1900 with clubs in Attleboro and North Attleboro, in 1901, Gammons was approached by two professional teams, the Milwaukee Brewers of the American League and the Boston Beaneaters of the National League. He was hesitant to play professionally, because he wished to focus on his newly founded insurance business, Gammons played with Boston for one season. Gammons also coached the Brown baseball team from 1901 to 1903, in 1902, his coaching duties were expanded to include that of head coach of the football team. Brown compiled a 5–4–1 record that season, Gammons later returned to that position in 1908 and 1909, in which the football teams compiled records of 5–3–1 and 7–3, respectively. In 1917, Gammons led a group of investors purchased the Providence Grays baseball team of the International League. He was named the president, but resigned that post in 1918 when he was appointed to the advisory committee of the Bureau of Mines during World War I. Gammons was also an amateur golfer. A contemporary source called him one of New Englands best golfers and he won the 1924 Rhode Island Amateur Championship, in which he had previously finished as runner-up in 1919 and 1920. Gammons died in East Greenwich, Rhode Island on March 24,1963 and he was inducted into the inaugural class of the Brown University Athletic Hall of Fame in 1971. List of college football coaches with non-consecutive tenure
18.
Fred Crolius
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Frederick Joseph Crolius was an American football and baseball player and coach. He was the first player from Tufts University to play Major League Baseball and he was at Tufts in 1894, and at Dartmouth College, where he also played college football, from 1896 until 1899. He spent two years in majors with the Boston Beaneaters and the Pittsburgh Pirates, Crolius also played pro football with the independent Homestead Library & Athletic Club and the Pittsburgh Stars of the first National Football League. He later served as a coach for both sports after his career ended. At age 24, he broke into the big leagues on April 19,1901, Crolius served as the teams fourth outfielder, playing mostly right field, where he backed up Jimmy Slagle. In 1901, his year, he held a batting average of.240 with 1 home run and 13 RBIs. On July 22,1901 Crolius had four hits which led to three runs scored in a 16–3 win over the Chicago Cubs, in his second year in the majors, Crolius played for the Pittsburgh Pirates for nine games in 1902, before ending his baseball career. In 1906 he was ineligible to play with any National club by the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues due to a contract dispute with a minor league club from Toronto. In 1898 Fred Crolius was the captain of the Dartmouth football team and he was considered one of the best halfbacks in the game, but received little notice from the media, since Dartmouth was historically seen as having a weak football program. In 1901 as a member of the Homestead Library & Athletic Club, located near Pittsburgh and that year he scored the tying touchdown against the Blondy Wallaces Philadelphia Athletic Club. Homestead won the game 6–5, touchdowns were worth five points in 1901, in 1902, Crolius served as a halfback on the Pittsburgh Stars, a member of first National Football League that was suspected of being financed by baseballs Pittsburgh Pirates. During the 1902 season, the Stars won the league championship, after his playing career, Crolius served as the coach the Villanova Wildcats baseball team from 1905 until 1911. While with Villanova, acquired a 116–45–5 record and he also served as the manager of the Lancaster Red Roses, where he guided the team to a 70–58 record in 1906. In 1899, he served as the head coach for the Bowdoin College football team. He guided Bowdoin to a 2–6 record, in 1902, Crolius was the head coach of the Pittsburgh Panthers football team. That year the team racked up a 5–6–1 record, Crolius then coached the Villanova Wildcats to an 18–38–5 record between 1904 and 1911. Fred Crolius at the College Football Data Warehouse Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Baseball-Reference
19.
National League
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Both leagues currently have 15 teams. The two league champions of 1903 arranged to compete against each other in the inaugural World Series, after the 1904 champions failed to reach a similar agreement, the two leagues formalized the World Series as an arrangement between the leagues. National League teams have won 48 of the 112 World Series contested from 1903 to 2016, the 2016 National League champions are the Chicago Cubs. By 1875, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players was dangerously weak, additionally, Hulbert had a problem—five of his star players were threatened with expulsion from the NAPBBP because Hulbert had signed them to his club using what were considered questionable means. Hulbert had a vested interest in creating his own league. After recruiting St. Louis privately, four western clubs met in Louisville, Kentucky, Boston Red Stockings, the dominant team in the N. A. Hartford Dark Blues from the N. A. Mutual of New York from the N. A. St. Louis Brown Stockings from the N. A, the only strong club from 1875 excluded in 1876 was a second one in Philadelphia, often called the White Stockings or Phillies. The first game in National League history was played on April 22,1876, at Philadelphias Jefferson Street Grounds, 25th & Jefferson, the new leagues authority was tested after the first season. The National League operated with six clubs during 1877 and 1878, over the next several years, various teams joined and left the struggling league. By 1880, six of the eight members had folded. The two remaining original NL franchises, Boston and Chicago, remain in operation today as the Atlanta Braves, in 1883 the New York Gothams and Philadelphia Phillies began National League play. Both teams remain in the NL today, the Phillies in their original city, the NL encountered its first strong rival organization when the American Association began play in 1882. The A. A. played in cities where the NL did not have teams, offered Sunday games and alcoholic beverages in locales where permitted, the National League and the American Association participated in a version of the World Series seven times during their ten-year coexistence. These contests were less organized than the modern Series, lasting as few as three games and as many as fifteen, with two Series ending in disputed ties, the NL won four times and the A. A. only once, in 1886. Starting with the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1887, the National League began to raid the American Association for franchises to replace NL teams that folded and this undercut the stability of the A. A. Other new leagues that rose to compete with the National League were the Union Association, the Union Association was established in 1884 and folded after playing only one season, its league champion St. Louis Maroons joining the NL. The NL suffered many defections of star players to the Players League, the Brooklyn, Chicago, Pittsburgh, and New York franchises of the NL absorbed their Players League counterparts. The labor strife of 1890 hastened the downfall of the American Association, after the 1891 season, the A. A. disbanded and merged with the NL, which became known legally for the next decade as the National League and American Association
20.
Arthur Mosse
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While at Pittsburgh, he coached the university to its first undefeated season in 1904. Mosse also played football for the Homestead Library & Athletic Club in 1901. Mosse was born to Arthur Wellesley Mosse and Sophia Mosse in Queenstown, Ireland and he emigrated with his family at the young age of 16 to Kansas City, Kansas via New York City. He and his family moved on to Arkansas City, Kansas where he went to high school. He quickly developed a strong interest in and started playing American football not long after arriving in Kansas and he moved to Leavenworth, Kansas around 1890 where he lived and worked for several years in the furniture business. Mosse went on to guard for the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas from 1895 to 1898. He met his wife, Ruth Stella Mosse, while attending the University of Kansas and they married on December 28,1898 in St. Joseph, Missouri during his last year at KU. The farm had been acquired by her father, Charles H. Grover. Mosse was brought to Pittsburgh from Kansas to become coach at the Western University of Pennsylvania, now known as the University of Pittsburgh, or Pitt. Following a disastrous 0-9-1 season that year, a decision was made by the alumni, in addition, money was raised to subsidize the program, including the funding of the teams first athletic dormitory and training table. Mosse also obtained a lease to play fall games in Exposition Park from Barney Dreyfuss. What ensued was a one year turn around that the saw the University post a 10-0 record, its first undefeated season. Media attention and attendance also grew tremendously with multiple newspaper articles, the increased support and success of the football program under Mosse has been pin pointed as the start of big football enterprise at the University of Pittsburgh. However, during the following the 1904 season, controversy and scandal erupted when Joe Thompson sought to acquire Mosses job as coach. However, things were settled in time for the 1905 season in which Mosse guided his team to a 10-2 record, however, by the 1906 E. R. Wingard had assumed coaching duties, and in 1908, Joe Thompson finally acquired the head coaching position he desired. In total, Mosse held the coaching position at Pittsburgh from 1903-1905 compiling a 20-11-1 record. While at Pitt, Mosse also helped coach the track and field team, was an instructor in gymnasium, Mosse also coached at his Alma mater, the University of Kansas, for two seasons, from 1912 until 1913. His overall coaching record at Kansas was 9 wins,7 losses and this ranks him 21st at Kansas in terms of total wins and 15th at Kansas in terms of winning percentage
21.
University of Cincinnati
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The University of Cincinnati is a comprehensive public research university in Cincinnati, in the U. S. state of Ohio, and a part of the University System of Ohio. In the 2010 survey by Times Higher Education, the university was ranked in the top 100 universities in North America, beginning with the 2011 edition of the U. S. This includes being the number 3 ranked university in the nation in the Up-and-Coming National Universities section of the 2014 edition, in 2014, U. S. News & World Report ranked UC in the top 200 of universities worldwide. The university garners roughly $400 million per annum in research funding, ranking 22nd among public universities in the United States. The school offers over 100 bachelors degrees, over 300 degree-granting programs, with an economic impact of over $3.5 billion per year, it is the largest single employer in Greater Cincinnati. In 1819, Cincinnati College and the Medical College of Ohio were founded in Cincinnati, local benefactor Dr. Daniel Drake founded and funded the Medical College of Ohio. William Lytle of the Lytle family donated the land, funded the Cincinnati College and Law College, the college survived only six years before financial difficulties forced it to close. In 1835, Daniel Drake reestablished the institution, which joined with the Cincinnati Law School. In 1858, Charles McMicken died of pneumonia and in his will he allocated most of his estate to the City of Cincinnati to found a university, the universitys board of rectors changed the institutions name to the University of Cincinnati. By 1893, the University expanded beyond its primary location on Clifton Avenue, as the university expanded, the rectors merged the institution with Cincinnati Law School, establishing the University of Cincinnati College of Law. In 1896, the Ohio Medical College joined Miami Medical College to form the Ohio-Miami Medical Department of the University of Cincinnati in 1909. As political movements for temperance and suffrage grew, the university established Teachers College in 1905, the Queen City College of Pharmacy, acquired from Wilmington College, became the present James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy. In 1962, the Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music was acquired by the university, the Ohio legislature in Columbus declared the university a municipally-sponsored, state-affiliated institution in 1968. During this time, the University of Cincinnati was the second oldest and second-largest municipal university in the United States, by an act of the legislature, the University of Cincinnati became a state institution in 1977. In 1989, President Joseph A. Steger released a Master Plan for a stronger academy, over this time, the university invested nearly $2 billion in campus construction, renovation, and expansion ranging from the student union to a new recreation center to the medical school. It included renovation and construction of buildings, a campus forest. Upon her inauguration in 2005, President Nancy L. Zimpher developed the UC|21 plan, in addition, it includes putting liberal arts education at the center, increasing research funding, and expanding involvement in the city. In 2009, Gregory H. Williams was named the 27th president of the University of Cincinnati and his presidency expanded the accreditation and property of the institution to regions throughout Ohio to compete with private and specialized state institutions, such as Ohio State University
22.
Perry Hale
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Perry Titus Wells Hale was an American football player and coach. He played college football at Yale University was selected to the 1900 College Football All-America Team as a fullback, Hale also played professionally for the 1901 Homestead Library & Athletic Club football team. That season he coached the Phillips Exeter Academy football team. Hale then served as the head football coach at Ohio State University from 1902–1903. After his football career, Hale was the manager for Middletown. He was arrested in May 1910 for misapplying city funds, Hale stated that the $5,000 shortfall was due to an accounting error. A subsequent investigation found the charges to be groundless and he died of heart disease in 1948. He had been blinded as a result of an explosion in 1913, in 1923 he was elected tax collector for Portland, CT and held that position until his death in 1948
23.
Blondy Wallace
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Charles Edgar Blondy Wallace was an early professional football player. He was a 240-pound, former Walter Camp second-team All-American tackle from the University of Pennsylvania and he also played two years at Peddie Institute, in New Jersey, winning state championships in 1896 and 1897. During his professional playing career he was involved in almost every event in professional football between 1902 and 1907. In 1902, Col. John Rogers, owner of the National Leagues Philadelphia Phillies, upon hearing of this, Wallace approached Ben Shibe of the rival American Leagues Philadelphia Athletics to see whether the Athletics would be following suit and fielding a football team. Not wanting his rivals to be unchallenged, Shibe decided to form a team with Wallace as the teams player-coach, the Athletics baseball manager, Connie Mack, was then named the teams manager. The football Philadelphia Athletics finished the 1902 NFL season with a 5–2–2 record for a controversial second-place finish behind the Pittsburgh Stars, the league then folded immediately after the season. After the NFL season, Wallace played in the World Series of Football in 1902 at Madison Square Garden and he played on a team that consisted of former players from the football Athletics and the football Philadelphia Phillies of the NFL. The name of their team was called the New York team by Series organizer, Tom ORourke. Syracuse defeated Wallace and the New York club in what has called the first indoor pro football game. However Blondy would get a second winning the series after Glenn Pop Warner of the Syracuse Athletic Club suffered a head injury and was replaced by Wallace. Syracuse would go on to win the championship by a score of 36-0. In 1903, Bill Prince, the manager of the Franklin Athletic Club and that year, Wallace became the teams captain. That year Franklin posted a 12-0 record and won the 1903 World Series of Football and this accomplishment makes Blondy a winner on both the 1902 and 1903 World Series teams. In 1905 Wallace became the coach of the Canton Athletic Club. That year Wallace, signed an agreement with the Latrobe Athletic Association, led by quarterback John Brallier, Latrobe, under Brallier, was not only the current Pennsylvania football champion, but were undefeated for the last three seasons. They were also considered the professional team capable of competing at the same level as Canton. Canton would go on to lose the game to Latrobe, however the team was the runner-up in the Ohio League standings for the 1905 season, Wallace added four former Massillon players to his team in 1906. Shortly afterward that second game, a Massillon newspaper charged Wallace with fixing the 1906 championship game, the Bulldogs and Wallace denied the charges, maintaining that Massillon only wanted to ruin the clubs reputation before their final game against Latrobe
24.
National Football League (1902)
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The National Football League was the first attempt at forming a national professional American football league in 1902. This league has no ties with the modern National Football League, in fact the league was only composed of teams from Pennsylvania, which meant it was actually regional, despite having locations in the two largest cities in Pennsylvania. Two of the teams were based in Philadelphia, while the third was based in Pittsburgh and this NFL was a curious mixture of football players and baseball players who adapted to playing football. Future Baseball Hall of Famer Rube Waddell was with the Philadelphia Athletics, two of the three teams were owned by the Philadelphia Phillies and Philadelphia Athletics, with the third team suspected of being owned by the Pittsburgh Pirates. The league folded after the 1902 season, ironically the roots of the league lie with baseball, not football. It began as a part of the wars between the National League and the new American League that began in 1901. In Philadelphia the ALs Athletics lured several of the NLs Phillies from their contracts, when Phillies owner John Rogers decided to start a football team, the Athletics followed suit. As owner Ben Shibe fielded a team made-up of several players as well as some local football talent. He appointed his baseball manager Connie Mack as the general manager. Each Philadelphia team was named after their respective baseball clubs and became the Athletics, however, both Rogers and Shibe knew that to lay claim the World Championship, they had to play a team from Pittsburgh, which was the focal point of football at the time. They called on pro football promoter Dave Berry, and a Pittsburgh team was formed around a championship team from Homestead. This team was named the Stars, after the number of players on the team who were considered football stars during the era. The team was owned and operated by Berry, the manager of the Latrobe Athletic Association. The first league had no bylaws, no offices and no schedule-making powers, having three of the top professional football teams in country helped make up for those shortfalls. These three teams are all made up the 1902 NFL. Due to the animosity that existed between Philadelphias Shibe and Rogers, Dave Berry was picked to the leagues president, attempts were initially made to expand the league outside of Pennsylvania into other major cites like Chicago and New York City. Investors in neither city was interested in joining the league at the time, with all the baseball involvement, training did not get underway for the football teams until September 29,1902, with the season was scheduled to open a week later on October 4. However, most of the players were already in shape, besides the baseball players, many of the others had jobs that kept them in good condition
25.
Penn State Nittany Lions football
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The Penn State Nittany Lions team represents the Pennsylvania State University in college football. The team is also #8 all-time in total-wins, one game behind Oklahoma and Alabama, the Nittany Lions play their home games at Beaver Stadium, located on-campus in University Park, Pennsylvania. With an official seating capacity of 106,572, Beaver Stadium is the second-largest stadium in the hemisphere, behind only Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor. The team is coached by James Franklin. The first recorded game occurred on November 12,1881, when Penn State traveled to Lewisburg, Pennsylvania to play Bucknell, Penn State won 9–0, which was nine goals to none. At the time, this was really a game of American rugby, the father of American football, Walter Camp, did not develop the scrimmage, the first down and the gridiron until 1882. Although this game was reported in two State College newspapers and the Mirror, Bucknell denies that this ever happened. Penn State did not field teams from 1882 through 1886, Penn State played its first season in 1887, but had no head coach for their first five years, from 1887–1891. The teams played its games on the Old Main lawn on campus in State College. They compiled a 12–8–1 record in these seasons, playing as an independent from 1887–1890, in 1891, the Pennsylvania Intercollegiate Football Association was formed. It consisted of Bucknell, Dickinson, Franklin & Marshall, Haverford, Penn State, lafayette and Lehigh were excluded because it was felt they would dominate the Association. Penn State won the championship with a 4–1–0 record, the Association was dissolved prior to the 1892 season. George W. Hoskins was the first head coach at Penn State. He posted a 17–4–4 record in his four seasons from 1892–1895 as head coach and his first team played its home game on the Old Main lawn on campus in State College, Pennsylvania, before the 500-seat Beaver Field opened in 1893. He was succeeded by Samuel B, newton, who posted a 12–14 record in three seasons, 1896–1898. Sam Boyle coached for one year in 1899 and compiled a 4–6–1 record. Pop Golden coached the Nittany Lions for three seasons from 1900–1902, tallying a record of 16–12–1, daniel A. Reed took over for the 1903 season and went 5–3. Tom Fennell coached the Nittany Lions for five seasons from 1904–1908, in 1907 the school adopted the Nittany Lion mascot, a mountain lion named after nearby Mount Nittany
26.
Lafayette College
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Lafayette College is a private liberal arts college based in Easton, Pennsylvania, with a campus in New York City, NY. The school, founded in 1826 by James Madison Porter, son of General Andrew Porter of Norristown, and the citizens of Easton, first began holding classes in 1832. The founders voted to name the school after General Lafayette, who toured the country in 1824–25, as a testimony of respect for talents, virtues. In the great cause of freedom, located on College Hill in Easton, the campus is in the Lehigh Valley, about 70 mi west of New York City and 60 mi north of Philadelphia. Lafayette College guarantees campus housing to all enrolled students, the school requires students to live in campus housing unless approved for residing in private off-campus housing or home as a commuter. The student body, consisting entirely of undergraduates, comes from 46 U. S. states and Territories, students at Lafayette are involved in over 250 clubs and organizations including athletics, fraternities and sororities, special interest groups, community service clubs and honor societies. Lafayette Colleges athletic program is notable for The Rivalry with nearby Lehigh University, since 1884, the two football teams have met 152 times, making it the most played rivalry in the history of college football. The College leads American liberal arts colleges with the most Goldwater Scholarship recipients in the past six years, a group of Easton citizens led by James Madison Porter met on December 27,1824 at Whites Tavern to explore the possibility of opening a college. The recent visit of General Lafayette to New York during his tour of the US in 1824 and 1825 prompted the founders to name the school after the French military officer. The group also established the 35-member Board of Trustees, a system of governance that has remained at the college to this day, in need of an education plan, the meeting gave the responsibility to Porter, lawyer Jacob Wagener, and Yale-educated lawyer Joel Jones. The charter gained approval and on March 9,1826, Pennsylvania Governor John Andrew Shulzes signature made the college official, along with establishing Lafayette as a Liberal Arts College, the charter called for religious equality amongst professors, students, and staff. Over the next few years, the Board met several times to discuss property, six years after the first meeting, Lafayette began to enroll students. The College opened on May 1,1829, with four students under the guidance of Rev. John Monteith, classes began on May 9,1832, with the instruction of 43 students on the south bank of the Lehigh River in a rented farmhouse. In order to earn money to support the students had to labor in the fields. This manual labor infused College took the place of the original Military/Civil Engineering focus on which the school was founded, later that year, Lafayette purchased property on what is now known as College Hill – nine acres of elevated land across Bushkill Creek. The Colleges first building was constructed two years later on the current site of South College, a dispute between Porter and Rev. Junkin led to his resignation of the presidency in 1841. Though still young, Lafayette was beginning to shape, grappling with the possibility of religious affiliation for financial stability. In 1854, Lafayette College became affiliated with the Presbyterian Church, by relinquishing their control, the College was able to collect $1000 a year from the Presbyterian Church Board of Education as regularly as the latter could pay it
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Washington & Jefferson Presidents football
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The Washington & Jefferson Presidents football team represents Washington & Jefferson College in collegiate level football. The team competes in NCAA Division III and is affiliated with the Presidents Athletic Conference, since its founding in 1890, the team has played their home games at College Field, which was remodeled and renamed Cameron Stadium in 2001. A number of players were named to the College Football All-America Team, the team has been coached by some of the best-known coaches in football history, including John Heisman, Greasy Neale, and Andy Kerr. Founded in 1890, the quickly became well known for drawing large crowds. The faculty and administration expressed concern over the strength of the team, during the 1910s, some sportswriters suggested that the Presidents were one of the top teams in the nation. The greatest achievement in the history was in 1921, when the Presidents appeared in the 1922 Rose Bowl. As college football evolved in the 1930s and 1940s, the Presidents fell far behind their larger competitors, controversy over the poor play of the football team, and a lack of play against larger teams, contributed to the resignation of a college president. In the 1950s the team joined NCAA Division III and the Presidents Athletic Conference, by the 1980s, the team had learned to thrive in that environment, winning a number of conference championships and regularly qualifying for the NCAA Division III playoffs. The football team played its first game on November 1,1890, the Red and Blacks third game of the inaugural season, against College of Wooster, remains disputed to this day, with both schools claiming a victory. By 1894, the communitys interest in the sport had grown considerably, with stronger opponents. A special train from Washington to Pittsburgh was chartered to carry fans, John Brallier, who was the first openly professional football player, played football for Washington & Jefferson College in 1895 before returning to the Greensburg Athletic Association. This incident, and others, caused the faculty to adopt the colleges first eligibility requirements for student athletes, at the same time its activities was becoming more scrutinized, the football team became more successful. But was the September 29,1897, game against the University of Pennsylvania Quakers that marked the birth of football at W&J. The Red and Black lost 18-4 to the national champions. In a game against Denison University on Sept.19,1908, in 1910, the football program was in danger of being dissolved due to crushing debt. The Student Athletic Committee proposed a $1 per term student fee to fund the team, however, team manager and beloved student solicitor Robert M. Murphy, was able to convince the students to accept the fee. However, the Faculty Athletic Committee balked, vetoing the new rules, wells highlighted the growing tension between athletics and academics. As orchestrated by a group of football supporters, the two professors were brought before a faculty committee for not having the requisite support for the athletic programs
