1911 in art
The year 1911 in art involved some significant events and new works. February 2 – First issue of Franz Pfemfert's Die Aktion. May – Only exhibition by The London Secession group of photographers, at the Newman Gallery. June 10 – Rembrandt House Museum opened in Amsterdam. August 21 – Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is stolen from the Louvre museum in Paris by Vincenzo Peruggia. Poet and art critic Guillaume Apollinaire and his friend Pablo Picasso are questioned over the theft. Creation of Der Blaue Reiter Group. Creation of the Puteaux Group. Creation of the Camden Town Group. Wassily Kandinsky publishes Über das Geistige in der Kunst, Insbesondere in der Malerei, dated 1912. Rayonism developed in Russia by Natalia Goncharova. English wood engraver Gwen Darwin marries French painter Jacques Raverat. April 21–June 13 – Salon des Indépendants; the term "Cubism" is first used in English. May 11 – A Futurist exhibition in Milan is the first of efforts by the group to make its theories concrete. May 20–July 2 – Second International Art Exhibition in Düsseldorf, organised by Sonderbund westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler October 1–November 8 – Salon d'Automne.
One-man show by Eugeniusz Żak at Galerie Druet. Umberto Boccioni The Laugh Modern Idol States of Mind: The Farewells. Lydia Field Emmet – Olivia Albert Gleizes Portrait de Jacques Nayral La Chasse Le Chemin, Paysage à Meudon J. W. Godward In Realms Of Fancy On The Balcony Duncan Grant – Bathing Herbert Hampton – Statue of the Duke of Devonshire, Whitehall Goscombe John – Statue of Charles Rolls, Monmouth Alfons Karpiński – The Parisian Street Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Böhmischer Waldsee Portrait of a Woman Fernand Léger Le compotier Les Toits de Paris Wilhelm Lehmbruck – Kneeling Edmund Leighton – Stitching the Standard Paul Manship – Duck Girl Franz Marc Blue-Black Fox Blaues Pferd I Die großen blauen Pferde Die großen roten Pferde The Little Blue Horses Nudes Under Trees The Yellow Cow Henri Matisse – L'Atelier Rouge Jean Metzinger – Le goûter Piet Mondrian – Gray Tree Emil Nolde – Maskenstilleben Pablo Picasso The Accordionist Le pigeon aux petits pois Herbert Ponting – Grotto in an Iceberg Pierre-Auguste Renoir – Gabrielle with Rose John Singer Sargent – Bringing Down Marble from the Quarries to Carrara Egon Schiele Mädchen Masturbation Paul Signac – Antibes: the towers Charles Robinson Sykes – Spirit of Ecstasy Tiffany glass curtain at Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City Lesser Ury – Woman in the Romanisches Café Adolf Wölfli – General view of the island Neveranger January 2 – Alexander Džigurski, Serbian seascape artist.
January 17 – Izis Bidermanas, Lithuanian-born photographer. February 10 – Mallica Reynolds, Jamaican painter and religious leader. March 4 – Ilona Harima, Finnish painter. March 7 – Edmund Teske, American photographer. March 17 – David Park, American painter. March 23 – Roger Hilton, English painter. May 14 – Carl Abrahams, Jamaican painter. May 25 – Will Barnet, American painter, printmaker. June 11 – Coby Whitmore, American painter and illustrator July 15 – Juliet Pannett, English portrait artist. August 10 – Bruce Ariss, American artist. September 2 – Romare Bearden, American painter, printmaker. October 9 – Joe Rosenthal, American Pulitzer Prize-winning photographer. November 11 – Roberto Matta, Chilean painter. November 25 – Roelof Frankot, Dutch painter. December 25 – Louise Bourgeois, French-born painter and sculptor. January 19 – Valentin Serov, Russian painter January 28 – John MacWhirter, Scottish-born landscape painter February 22 – Carl Fredrik Hill, Swedish painter April 6 – Carl von Perbandt, German landscape painter April 13 – William Keith, Scottish American landscape painter April 19 – Ivan Grohar, Slovenian Impressionist painter May 5 – Halsey Ives, American art teacher and curator May 8 – Alphonse Legros, French-born painter and etcher August 1 – Edwin Austin Abbey, American-born painter and illustrator August 12 – Jozef Israëls, Dutch painter September 16 – Hishida Shunsō, Japanese painter October 15 – Ellen Thayer Fisher, American botanical painter November 10 – Félix Ziem, French painter – Stefano Bruzzi, Italian painter
1898 in art
The year 1898 in art involved some significant events. Berlin Secession. Bromsgrove Guild of Applied Arts, a company of artists and designers associated with the Arts and Crafts Movement, is founded by sculptor Walter Gilbert in Britain. Käthe Kollwitz's cycle of lithographs and etchings The Weavers is first exhibited publicly; the term "Young Poland" is coined after a manifesto by Artur Górski, published in the Kraków newspaper Życie, to signify the period of modernism in the Polish arts. Edwin Austin Abbey – King Lear, Act I, Scene I José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior – The Inopportune Ivan Aivazovsky – Among Waves Teodor Axentowicz – Self-portrait Arnold Böcklin – Plague Edward Burne-Jones – The Last Sleep of Arthur in Avalon John Collier – Godiva Luigi Crosio – Refugium Peccatorum Madonna Evelyn De Morgan – Helen of Troy Herbert James Draper – The Lament for Icarus Thomas Eakins – Salutat Paul Gauguin – The White Horse J. W. Godward At The Gate Of The Temple Idle thoughts On The Balcony The Ring Vilhelm Hammershøi – Interior with young man reading Edward Robert Hughes – The Shrew Katherina Anna Elizabeth Klumpke – Rosa Bonheur Henri Matisse – Le Mur Rose Edvard Munch – Metabolism Pierre-Auguste Renoir – Yvonne and Christine Lerolle at the Piano L. A.
Ring – Ved frokostbordet og morgenaviserne Therese Schwartze – Portrait of Wilhelmina of the Netherlands in her coronation robes James Tissot – Self-portrait F. C. Yohn – Winter at Valley Forge - The Relief John S. Conway – The Victorious Charge Reinhold Felderhoff – Diana F. Holland Day The Seven Last Words of Christ, a series of photographs Study for the Crucifixion, a photograph Félix Vallotton – Intimités, a suite of woodcuts Mary Seton Watts – Watts Cemetery Chapel, gesso interior decoration 28 January – Milan Konjović, Serbian painter 3 February – Alvar Aalto, Finnish architect and designer 8 February – Jean Charlot, French painter and illustrator 14 March – Reginald Marsh, French-born American painter 6 April – Jeanne Hébuterne, French painter and model 16 May Jean Fautrier, French painter, practioner of tachisme Tamara de Lempicka, born Maria Górska, Polish-born Art Deco painter 17 May – A. J. Casson, Canadian painter 21 May Armand Hammer, American art collector John McLaughlin, American hard-edge painter 26 May – Aaron Douglas, American painter 17 June – M. C.
Escher, Dutch graphic artist 2 July – Gen Paul, French painter 17 July – Berenice Abbott, American photographer 22 July – Alexander Calder, American sculptor and artist 30 July – Henry Moore, English artist and sculptor 31 July – Doris Zinkeisen, Scottish-born theatrical designer and commercial artist 26 August – Peggy Guggenheim, American art collector 12 September – Arkady Shaikhet, Ukrainian-born Soviet documentary photographer 16 September – Leslie Garland Bolling, African American sculptor 25 September – Robert Brackman, Ukrainian-born American artist and teacher 10 October Lilly Daché, French milliner and fashion designer Georges Malkine, French painter, only painter to sign the Surrealist Manifesto of 1924 21 November – René Magritte, Belgian surrealist painter 6 December – Alfred Eisenstaedt, Prussian-born American photographer 10 December – Ivan Tabaković, Serbian painter date unknown – E. Chambré Hardman, British photographer 8 January – Achille Empéraire, French painter and friend of Paul Cézanne 25 February – Francis Frith, English topographical photographer 16 March – Aubrey Beardsley, English illustrator, of tuberculosis 24 March – J. L. K. van Dort, Ceylonese illustrator 18 April – Gustave Moreau, French Symbolist painter 17 June – Sir Edward Burne-Jones, English Pre-Raphaelite artist 29 July – Arturo Michelena, Venezuelan painter 8 August – Eugène Boudin, French landscape painter 24 October – Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, French painter date unknown - Giulio Salviati, Italian glassmaker and mosaicist
1893 in art
The year 1893 in art involved some significant events. February – Grafton Galleries open in London. April – The Studio: An Illustrated Magazine of Fine and Applied Art is first published in London by Charles Holme with Joseph Gleeson White as editor and a cover design by Aubrey Beardsley. May 1 – The 1893 World's Fair known as the World's Columbian Exposition, opens to the public in Chicago, USA, with a Romanesque statue of Columbia overlooking the man-made lake; the first United States commemorative postage stamps are issued for the Exposition. Among other art exhibits are two bronze calves by Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen. June 14 – Opening of Shelley Memorial at University College, designed by Basil Champneys with a reclining nude marble statue of Percy Bysshe Shelley by Edward Onslow Ford. June 29 – Unveiling of the Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain at Piccadilly Circus in London, with a gilded aluminium statue of Anteros, designed by Alfred Gilbert and cast by Morris Singer. Ford Madox Brown completes painting The Manchester Murals in Manchester Town Hall.
The National Sculpture Society is founded in the United States. Alois Riegl's Stilfragen: Grundlegungen zu einer Geschichte der Ornamentik is published in Berlin. Henri Rousseau gives up his job as a Paris toll collector and moves to a studio in Montparnasse where he lives and paints full-time. December – Unter den Linden in Berlin holds an exhibition of Edvard Munch's work, including six paintings entitled Study for a Series: Love, beginning his Frieze of Life cycle. Lawrence Alma-Tadema – Unconscious Rivals Léon Bakst – Self-portrait Charles Burton Barber – A Special Pleader Aubrey Beardsley – Illustrations to Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur Henrique Bernardelli – Messalini Olga Boznańska – Self-portrait Edgar Bundy – Antonio Stradivari at work in his studio Mary Cassatt – The Child's Bath Paul Cézanne – Basket of Apples Henri-Edmond Cross – The Evening Air Frank Dicksee – The Funeral of a Viking Albert Edelfelt Larin Paraske Two women with laundry Paul Gauguin – Portrait of the artist in a hat J. W. Godward A Priestess Reflections Yes Or No Félix Resurrección Hidalgo – Adios del Sol Winslow Homer – The Fox Hunt Paul Jamin – Brennus and His Share of the Spoils Eero Järnefelt Larin Paraske Under the Yoke Peder Severin Krøyer – Summer Evening on Skagen's Southern Beach Gaston La Touche – L'Ennui Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lorne – Statue of her mother Queen Victoria, in Kensington Gardens, London Hendrik Willem Mesdag – Bomschuiten in the surf, ready for departure Albert Joseph Moore An Idyll The Loves of the Winds and the Seasons Edvard Munch Death in the Sickroom The Scream Starry Night Władysław Podkowiński – Frenzy of Exultations Odilon Redon – Sita Augustus Saint-Gaudens – Diana Alfred Stieglitz – photographs The Terminal Winter – Fifth Avenue Franz Stuck – The Sin Joseph-Noël Sylvestre – François Rude working on the Arc de Triomphe Abbott Handerson Thayer – The Virgin Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec – Jane Avril Henry Scott Tuke – August Blue Raja Ravi Varma – There Comes Papa Stanisław Wyspiański – Self-portrait January 13 – Chaim Soutine, painter March 3 Ivon Hitchens, English painter Beatrice Wood, American artist and ceramicist March 11 – Wanda Gag, children's author and artist March 29 – Dora Carrington and designer April 9 – Charles E. Burchfield, American scene painter April 11 – John Nash, English painter and engraver April 20 – Joan Miró, Spanish painter and ceramicist May 16 – Stella Bowen, painter July 3 – Sándor Bortnyik, Hungarian painter and graphic designer July 8 – Abraham Rattner, American painter and camouflage specialist July 26 – George Grosz, German painter and draftsman September 2 – Mary Cecil Allen, Australian-born painter September 15 – Rene Paul Chambellan, American sculptor October 1 – Marianne Brandt, German painter and designer October 8 – Orovida Camille Pissarro, English painter and etcher October 9 – Mário de Andrade, Brazilian writer and photographer November 19 – Conrad O'Brien-ffrench, British intelligence officer and painter December – Eugène Gabritschevsky, Russian biologist and artist December 29 – Berthold Bartosch, Bohemian animator Walter Hofer, German art dealer Sreten Stojanović, Serbian sculptor.
January 30 – Prince Grigory Gagarin and painter February 21 – John Pettie, painter March 16 – William H. Illingworth, American photographer April 6 – George Vicat Cole, painter August 10 – Robert Cornelius, American pioneer of photography September 25 – Albert Joseph Moore, painter October 6 – Ford Madox Brown, painter October 10 – Barthélemy Menn and draughtsman October 29 – Gustav Mützel, animal painter December 10 – Josephine Calamatta, French painter and engraver December 23 – Gunnar Berg, Norwegian painter date unknown – Gustav Fabergé, jeweler
John Collier (painter)
John Maler Collier OBE RP ROI was a leading English artist, an author. He painted in the Pre-Raphaelite style, was one of the most prominent portrait painters of his generation. Both his marriages were to daughters of Thomas Henry Huxley, he studied painting at the Munich Academy starting in 1875. Collier was from a successful family, his grandfather, John Collier, was a Quaker merchant. His father, was created the first Lord Monkswell, he was a member of the Royal Society of British Artists. John Collier's elder brother, the second Lord Monkswell, was Under-Secretary of State for War and Chairman of the London County Council. In due course, Collier became an integral part of the family of Thomas Henry Huxley PC, President of the Royal Society from 1883 to 1885. Collier married two of Huxley's daughters and was "on terms of intimate friendship" with his son, the writer Leonard Huxley. Collier's first wife, in 1879, was Marian Huxley, she was a painter who studied, like her husband, at the Slade and exhibited at the Royal Academy and elsewhere.
After the birth of their only child, a daughter, she suffered severe post-natal depression and was taken to Paris for treatment where, she contracted pneumonia and died in 1887. Collier's daughter by his first marriage, was a portrait miniaturist, a member of the Royal Society of Miniature Painters. In 1889 Collier married Mady's younger sister Ethel Huxley; until the Deceased Wife's Sister's Marriage Act 1907 such a marriage was not possible in England, so the ceremony took place in Norway. By his second wife he had a daughter and a son, Sir Laurence Collier, the British Ambassador to Norway 1941–51. Collier's range of portrait subjects was broad. In 1893, for example, his subjects included Lovelace Bishop of Shrewsbury, his commissioned portrait of the Duke of York as Master of Trinity House in 1901, the Prince of Wales were his major royal portraits. The latter work was hung in Durbar Hall, Rajputana. Other subjects included two Lord Chancellors in 1897. Rudyard Kipling. L. Toole and Madge Kendal, Ellen Terry and Herbert Beerbohm Tree.
E. Thorley and the Provost of Eton. Soldiers such as Field Marshal Lord Kitchener of Khartoum and Field Marshal Sir Frederick Haines. Clark reports a total of thirty-two Huxley family portraits during the half-century after his first marriage. A photocopy of John Collier's Sitters Book can be consulted in the Heinz Archive and Library, National Portrait Gallery; this is the artist's own handwritten record of all his portraits, including name of subject, fee charged, details of any major exhibitions of the picture in question. Collier died in 1934, his entry in the Dictionary of National Biography compares his work to that of Frank Holl because of its solemnity. This is only true, however, of his many portraits of distinguished old men — his portraits of younger men and children, his so-called "problem pictures", covering scenes of ordinary life, are very bright and fresh, his entry in the Dictionary of Art, by Geoffrey Ashton, refers to the invisibility of his brush strokes as a "rather unexciting and flat use of paint" but contrasts that with "Collier's strong and surprising sense of colour" which "created a disconcerting verisimilitude in both mood and appearance".
The Dictionary of Portrait Painters in Britain up to 1920 describes his portraits as "painterly works with a fresh use of light and colour". Sixteen of John Collier's paintings are now in the collections of the National Portrait Gallery in London, two are in the Tate Gallery. Four of the National Portrait Gallery paintings were in December 1997 on display: John Burns, Sir William Huggins, Thomas Huxley and Charles Darwin. A 1907 self-portrait has been preserved in the Uffizi in Florence which commissioned it as part of its celebrated collection of artists’ self-portraits. Other pictures may be seen in houses and institutions open to the public: a large and striking painting of the murderess Clytemnestra is in the Guildhall Gallery of the City of London; the Death Sentence was given by the widow of the artist to Wolverhampton Art Gallery. His portrait of the Earl of Onslow, is at Surrey, his full-length portrait of Sir Charles Tertius Mander, first baronet, is at Owlpen Manor, with another version in the collection of the National Trust at Wightwick Manor, his Lady Godiva is in the Herbert Art Gallery and Museum.
Reproductions of many oth
Winslow Homer
Winslow Homer was an American landscape painter and printmaker, best known for his marine subjects. He is considered one of the foremost painters in 19th-century America and a preeminent figure in American art. Self-taught, Homer began his career working as a commercial illustrator, he subsequently took up oil painting and produced major studio works characterized by the weight and density he exploited from the medium. He worked extensively in watercolor, creating a fluid and prolific oeuvre chronicling his working vacations. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1836, Homer was the second of three sons of Charles Savage Homer and Henrietta Benson Homer, both from long lines of New Englanders, his mother was Homer's first teacher. She and her son had a close relationship throughout their lives. Homer took on many of her traits, including her quiet, strong-willed, sociable nature. Homer had a happy childhood, growing up in then-rural Cambridge, Massachusetts, he was an average student. Homer's father was a volatile, restless businessman, always looking to "make a killing".
When Homer was thirteen, Charles gave up the hardware store business to seek a fortune in the California gold rush. When that failed, Charles left his family and went to Europe to raise capital for other get-rich-quick schemes that didn't materialize. After Homer's high school graduation, his father saw a newspaper advertisement and arranged for an apprenticeship. Homer's apprenticeship at the age of 19 to J. H. Bufford, a Boston commercial lithographer, was a formative but "treadmill experience", he worked repetitively on other commercial work for two years. By 1857, his freelance career was underway after he turned down an offer to join the staff of Harper's Weekly. "From the time I took my nose off that lithographic stone", Homer stated, "I have had no master, never shall have any."Homer's career as an illustrator lasted nearly twenty years. He contributed illustrations of Boston life and rural New England life to magazines such as Ballou's Pictorial and Harper's Weekly at a time when the market for illustrations was growing and fads and fashions were changing quickly.
His early works commercial wood engravings of urban and country social scenes, are characterized by clean outlines, simplified forms, dramatic contrast of light and dark, lively figure groupings—qualities that remained important throughout his career. His quick success was due to this strong understanding of graphic design and to the adaptability of his designs to wood engraving. Before moving to New York in 1859, Homer lived in Massachusetts with his family, his uncle's Belmont mansion, the 1853 Homer House, was the inspiration for a number of his early illustrations and paintings, including several of his 1860s croquet pictures. The Homer House, owned by the Belmont Woman's Club, is open for public tours. In 1859, he opened a studio in the Tenth Street Studio Building in New York City, the artistic and publishing capital of the United States; until 1863, he attended classes at the National Academy of Design, studied with Frédéric Rondel, who taught him the basics of painting. In only about a year of self-training, Homer was producing excellent oil work.
His mother tried to raise family funds to send him to Europe for further study but instead Harper's sent Homer to the front lines of the American Civil War, where he sketched battle scenes and camp life, the quiet moments as well as the chaotic ones. His initial sketches were of the camp and army of the famous Union officer, Major General George B. McClellan, at the banks of the Potomac River in October 1861. Although the drawings did not get much attention at the time, they mark Homer's expanding skills from illustrator to painter. Like with his urban scenes, Homer illustrated women during wartime, showed the effects of the war on the home front; the war work was exhausting. Back at his studio, Homer re-focus his artistic vision, he set to work on a series of war-related paintings based on his sketches, among them Sharpshooter on Picket Duty, Sweet Home, Prisoners from the Front. He exhibited paintings of these subjects every year at the National Academy of Design from 1863 to 1866. Home, Sweet Home was shown at the National Academy to particular critical acclaim.
During this time, he continued to sell his illustrations to periodicals such as Our Young Folks and Frank Leslie's Chimney Corner. After the war, Homer turned his attention to scenes of childhood and young women, reflecting nostalgia for simpler times, both his own and the nation as a whole, his Crossing the Pasture in the collection of the Amon Carter Museum of American Art depicts two boys who idealize brotherhood with the hope of a united future after the war that pitted brother against brother. Homer was interested in postwar subject matter that conveyed the silent tension between two communities seeking to understand their future, his oil painting A Visit from the Old Mistress shows an encounter between a group of four freed slaves and their former mistress. The formal equivalence between the standing figures suggests the balance that the nation hoped to find in the difficult years of Reconstruction. Homer composed this painting from sketches. Near the beginning of his painting career, the 27-year-old Homer demonstrated a maturity
1897 in art
The year 1897 in art involved some significant events. February 18 – Conclusion of the Benin Expedition of 1897, leading to the Benin Bronzes being carried off to London. April 3 – Vienna Secession founded by artists including Gustav Klimt, Koloman Moser, Josef Hoffmann, Joseph Maria Olbrich, Max Kurzweil. Secession hall designed by Olbrich. May 1 – Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek art museum opened in Copenhagen. May 27 – A Separate Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture is staged at Sukiennice Museum in Main Square, Kraków. August 4 – The "Lady of Elche" Iberian sculpture is found at L'Alcúdia near Elche in Spain. September – Edvard Munch stages a major retrospective in Christiania. October 27 – First meeting of the Society of Polish Artists "Sztuka" in Kraków. At Giverny, Claude Monet begins painting his Water Lilies series, which will continue until the end of his life. Elbridge Ayer Burbank begins painting portraits of Native Americans in the United States from life. Women photographers Zaida Gertrude Käsebier open portrait studios in New York City.
A Book of Fifty Drawings by Aubrey Beardsley is published. Bernard Berenson publishes Central Italian Painters of the Renaissance. Edwin Austin Abbey – The Play Scene in Hamlet Philip Burne-Jones – The Vampire Georges Clairin – Sarah Bernhardt as the Queen in'Ruy Blas' Herbert James Draper – Pot Pourri Roberto Ferruzzi – Madonnina Akseli Gallen-Kallela – Lemminkäinen's Mother Paul Gauguin – Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? Ogata Gekkō – Ryu sho ten J. W. Godward – Dolce far Niente Jean-Jacques Henner – Portrait of Mlle Fouquier Jacek Malczewski – Vicious Circle Claude Monet Branch of the Seine near Giverny Morning on the Seine near Giverny The Seine at Giverny Edvard Munch – The Kiss Camille Pissarro Boulevard Montmartre Boulevard Montmartre in Spring Boulevard Montmartre on a Winter Morning Maurice Prendergast – Summer Visitors Henri Rousseau – The Sleeping Gypsy John Singer Sargent – Mr. and Mrs. I. N. Phelps Stokes Henryk Siemiradzki – A Christian Dirce Douglas Tilden – Admission Day Monument, San Francisco Vasily Vereshchagin – Napoleon near Borodino Arthur Wardle – The Totteridge XI Painters under the direction of Jan Styka – Transylvania Panorama January 17 – Charles Ragland Bunnell, American painter January 21 – René Iché, French sculptor March 16 – Antonio Donghi, Italian painter June 22 – Albert Renger-Patzsch, German photographer June 26 – Victor Servranckx, Belgian painter August 19 – Roman Vishniac, Russian American photographer September 23 – Paul Delvaux, Belgian painter.
October 27 – Lena Gurr, American painter and lithographer February 7 – Charles Edward Boutibonne, French Classicist painter February 9 – George Price Boyce, English Pre-Raphaelite watercolour landscape painter March 21 – Ādams Alksnis, Latvian painter May 20 – Jacques Émile Édouard Brandon, French artist June 7 – Victor Mottez, French fresco and portrait painter October 5 – Sir John Gilbert, English painter November 18 – Henry Doulton, English potter date unknown – Jang Seung-eop, Korean painter
Stanhope Forbes
Stanhope Alexander Forbes was a British artist and a founding member of the influential Newlyn school of painters. He was called'the father of the Newlyn School'. Forbes was born in Dublin, the son of Juliette de Guise Forbes, a French woman, William Forbes, an English railway manager, transferred to London, he had an older brother named Sir William Forbes, a railway manager for the London and South Coast Railway. He was married in the summer of 1889 to fellow painter Elizabeth Armstrong at Newlyn's St Peter's Church, their first home was at the "Cliffs Castle" cottage. They had a son named Alexander; the couple had a home built for the family in Penzance. Elizabeth died in 1912. In 1915, Forbes married friend and previous student Maudie Palmer, "assistant and friend to the whole Forbes family." During the First World War his son Alec served in the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry and was killed in August 1916. He is buried in Guillemont Road Cemetery where his headstone bears an inscription composed by his father: HE SAW BEYOND THE FILTH OF BATTLE, AND THOUGHT DEATH A FAIR PRICE TO PAY TO BELONG TO THE COMPANY OF THESE FELLOWS.
Stanhope Forbes sculpted and erected a memorial to his son in their local parish church with the inscription: "I will get me out of my COUNTRY & from my KINDRED & from my FATHER'S house unto a LAND that GOD will shew me". Forbes died in Newlyn on 2 March 1947 at the age of 89, he was buried in the churchyard of Sancreed Parish Church. Educated at Dulwich College, he studied art under John Sparkes who taught at South Kensington School of Art, his father worked for the Luxembourg Railway and after a period of poor health Forbes was removed from Dulwich College and studied under private teachers in Brussels. This afforded additional time to draw. After the end of the Franco-Prussian War, the Forbes returned to London. John Sparkes helped influence William Forbes to recognise his son's artistic talent, Stanhope Forbes attended Lambeth School of Art. By 1878 he attended the Royal Academy under Sir John Millais. Fellow students at the academy included Arthur Hacker, Henry Herbert La Thangue and Solomon J. Solomon.
He participated in his first exhibition there. Forbes returned to Ireland for a few months to visit Dr Andrew Melville, family friend and Queen's College professor. While there the men shared their appreciation of art and Forbes painted landscapes of the Galway area, he received his first commission for a portrait. Back in London, at the age of 18, he received another commission for a portrait of a doctor's daughter, Florence, it was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1879. He studied at the private atelier of Léon Bonnat in Clichy, Paris from 1880 to 1882. Henry Herbert La Thangue, who attended Dulwich College, Lambeth School of Art and the Royal Academy, came to Paris and studied at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts. Arthur Hacker, a friend from the Royal Academy joined Forbes at Bonnat's atelier. In 1881 Forbes and La Thangue went to Cancale and painted en plein air, like Jules Bastien-Lepage, which became a technique that Forbes used throughout his career. Of Brittany, Mrs Lionel Birch wrote: In that most beautiful and interesting portion of France, there seemed to be found everything that an artist could desire.
Inhabited by a race of a distinct and marked type, wearing still the beautiful national costumes, handed down from bygone ages, retaining the old language of their forefathers, each village followed religiously the old traditions which ordered the fashion of their dress and the conduct of their lives. Here was a country dear to all who love that, old and quaint, time-honoured, reminiscent of past ages. A painting made there, A Street in Brittany, was shown and well received at the 1882 Royal Academy Summer Exhibition and sold that year to the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool. During an 1883 trip to Brittany, Forbes stayed at Quimperlé, his Breton Children in an Orchard - Quimperlé, was shown at the 1884 Royal Hibernian Academy. Two other works were made Fair Measures: a shop in Quimperlé and Preparations for the Market, Quimperlé. True to his degree of satisfaction, the Fair Measures painting was well-received and the Market painting was found to be too blue and shadowless. Since blue was the colour of the Breton costumes, Forbes decided that it might be useful to change locations for a broader range of subjects and colours.
Other artists who were painting in Brittany at the time and who Forbes may have met, were Norman Garstin, Nathaniel Hill, Joseph Malachy Kavanagh and Walter Osborne. Having completed his studies in France, Forbes returned to London and showed works he made in Brittany at the 1883 Royal Academy and Royal Hibernian Academy shows. In 1884 he moved to Newlyn in Cornwall, soon became a leading figure in the growing colony of artists. Of this place, Forbes said: I had come from France and, wandering down into Cornwall, came one spring morning along that dusty road by which Newlyn is approached from Penzance. Little did I think that the cluster of grey-roofed houses which I saw before me against the hillside would be my home for many years. What lode-some of artistic metal the place contains. There are plenty of names amongst them which are still, I hope will long by, associated with Newlyn, the beauty of this fair
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