1.
1900 College Football All-America Team
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Camps 1900 All-America Team was published in Colliers Weekly, and Whitneys selections were published in Outing magazine. In its official listing of Consensus All-America Selections, the NCAA designates players who were selected by either Camp or Whitney as consensus All-Americans, using this criteria, the NCAA recognizes 15 players as consensus All-American for the 1900 football season. Gordon Brown, a guard for Yale who was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1954, dave Campbell, an end for Harvard who was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1958. Chadwick, a halfback for Yale who later had a career as a teacher of English, history. Charles Dudley Daly, a quarterback for Harvard who was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951, Daly later served eight years as the head football coach for Army, compiling a record of 58–13–3. William Fincke, a quarterback for Yale who later became a pacifist minister and educator and founded the Manumit School on his farm in Pawling. Perry Hale, a fullback for Yale who later became the football coach at Ohio State University. T. Truxtun Hare, a guard for Penn who was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951, in 2008, Sports Illustrated sought to answer the question, Who would have won the Heisman from 1900-1934. Its selection for 1900 was Truxtun Hare, a player who selected as a first-team All-American four consecutive years, Sports Illustrated noted, Few early 20th Century players were as revered as Hare, who played every minute of every game. Bill Morley, a halfback for Columbia who was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1971 and he became a prominent cattle and sheep rancher in New Mexico. The All-America selections by Camp and Whitney were dominated by players from the East, in 1900, all 15 consensus All-Americans came from Eastern universities, and 13 of 15 played in the Ivy League. The Yale Bulldogs had seven players who were designated as consensus All-Americans, the only two consensus All-Americans from schools outside the Ivy League were Walter Smith of Army and Walter E. Bachman of Lafayette College. No players from western schools received first-team or second-team All-American honors in 1900, two western players were selected by Camp for his third team, Page, a fullback for Minnesota, and Clyde Williams, a quarterback for Iowa. In addition to Camp and Whitney, other writers and publications selected All-America teams in 1900. The list below includes the All-America selections made by Charles Sargent for Leslies Weekly, only four players were unanimously selected by Camp, Whitney, Sargent, and Orton. They were James Bloomer, Gordon Brown, Truxton Hare, GO = George W. Orton in The Philadelphia Inquirer CS = Charles Sargent in Leslies Weekly IN = The Inlander. Nine prominent coaches, from both the East and West, were asked by The Inlander to cast votes. The nine coaches were Dibble of Harvard, Woodruff of Penn, Pell of Princeton, Warner of Carlisle, Newton of Lafayette, King of Wisconsin, Robinson of Brown, Eckstorm of O. S. U. and Horne of Indiana
2.
College football
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It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States. No minor league farm organizations exist in American football and it is in college football where a players performance directly impacts his chances of playing professional football. The best collegiate players will declare for the professional draft after 3 to 4 years of collegiate competition. Those not selected can still attempt to land an NFL roster spot as a free agent. Even after the emergence of the professional National Football League, college football remained extremely popular throughout the U. S, in many cases, college stadiums employ bench-style seating, as opposed to individual seats with backs and arm rests. This allows them to more fans in a given amount of space than the typical professional stadium. College athletes, unlike players in the NFL, are not permitted by the NCAA to be paid salaries, colleges are only allowed to provide non-monetary compensation such as athletic scholarships that provide for tuition, housing, and books. Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as football, by the 1840s, students at Rugby School were playing a game in which players were able to pick up the ball and run with it, a sport later known as Rugby football. The game was taken to Canada by British soldiers stationed there and was soon being played at Canadian colleges, the first documented gridiron football match was a game played at University College, a college of the University of Toronto, November 9,1861. One of the participants in the game involving University of Toronto students was William Mulock, a football club was formed at the university soon afterward, although its rules of play at this stage are unclear. In 1864, at Trinity College, also a college of the University of Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, modern Canadian football is widely regarded as having originated with a game played in Montreal, in 1865, when British Army officers played local civilians. The game gradually gained a following, and the Montreal Football Club was formed in 1868, early games appear to have had much in common with the traditional mob football played in England. The games remained largely unorganized until the 19th century, when games of football began to be played on college campuses. Each school played its own variety of football, Princeton University students played a game called ballown as early as 1820. A Harvard tradition known as Bloody Monday began in 1827, which consisted of a mass ballgame between the freshman and sophomore classes, in 1860, both the town police and the college authorities agreed the Bloody Monday had to go. The Harvard students responded by going into mourning for a figure called Football Fightum. The authorities held firm and it was a dozen years before football was again played at Harvard. Dartmouth played its own version called Old division football, the rules of which were first published in 1871, all of these games, and others, shared certain commonalities
3.
Collier's
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Colliers was an American magazine, founded in 1888 by Peter Fenelon Collier. It was initially launched as Colliers Once a Week, then changed in 1895 to Colliers Weekly, An Illustrated Journal, and finally shortened in 1905 to simply Colliers. The magazine ceased publication with the issue dated January 4,1957, though a brief, as a result of Peter Colliers pioneering investigative journalism, Colliers established a reputation as a proponent of social reform. When attempts by various companies to sue Collier ended in failure, Peter F. Collier left Ireland for the U. S. at age 17. Although he went to a seminary to become a priest, he started work as a salesman for P. J. Kenedy. When Collier wanted to boost sales by offering books on a plan, it led to a disagreement with Kenedy. P. F. Collier & Son began in 1875, expanding into the largest subscription house in America with sales of 30 million books during the 1900–1910 decade. With the issued dated April 28,1888, Colliers Once a Week was launched as a magazine of fiction, fact, sensation, wit, humor, news. It was sold with the biweekly Colliers Library of novels and popular books at bargain rates, by 1892, with a circulation climbing past the 250,000 mark, Colliers Once a Week was one of the largest selling magazines in the United States. The name was changed to Colliers Weekly, An Illustrated Journal in 1895, with an emphasis on news, the magazine became a leading exponent of the halftone news picture. To fully exploit the new technology, Collier recruited James H. Hare, Colliers only son, Robert J. Collier, became a full partner in 1898. By 1904, the magazine was known as Colliers, The National Weekly, when Robert Collier died in 1918, he left a will that turned the magazine over to three of his friends, Samuel Dunn, Harry Payne Whitney and Francis Patrick Garvan. The magazine was sold in 1919 to the Crowell Publishing Company, in 1924 Crowell moved the printing operations from New York to Springfield, Ohio but kept the editorial and business departments in New York. After 1924, printing of the magazine was done at the Crowell-Collier printing plant on West Main Street in Springfield, Ohio. The factory complex, which is standing, was built between 1899 and 1946, and incorporates seven buildings that together have more than 846,000 square feet —20 acres —of floor space. Colliers popularized the story which was often planned to fit on a single page. Knox Burger was Colliers fiction editor from 1948 to 1951 when he left to edit books for Dell and Fawcett Publications, phillips Oppenheim, J. D. Salinger, Kurt Vonnegut, Albert Payson Terhune and Walter Tevis. Humor writers included Parke Cummings and H. Allen Smith, serializing novels during the late 1920s, Colliers sometimes simultaneously ran two ten-part novels, and non-fiction was also serialized
4.
Ivy League
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The Ivy League is a collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The conference name is commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group beyond the sports context. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, the term Ivy League has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism. While the term was in use as early as 1933, it became official after the formation of the NCAA Division I athletic conference in 1954. Seven of the eight schools were founded during the United States colonial period, Ivy League institutions account for seven of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution, the other two are Rutgers University and College of William & Mary. Ivy League schools are generally viewed as some of the most prestigious, all eight universities place in the top fifteen of the U. S. News & World Report 2017 nation university rankings, including the top four schools and five of the top eight. Undergraduate enrollments range from about 4,000 to 14,000, making them larger than those of a private liberal arts college. Total enrollments, including students, range from approximately 6,400 at Dartmouth to over 20,000 at Columbia, Cornell, Harvard. Ivy League financial endowments range from Browns $3 billion to Harvards $36.4 billion, as of 2014, Harvard University has an endowment of $36.4 billion. Additionally, each university receives millions of dollars in grants and other subsidies from federal. Harvard University uses the date that the legislature of the Massachusetts Bay Colony formally allocated funds for the creation of a college, Harvard was chartered in 1650, although classes had been conducted for approximately a decade by then. The University of Pennsylvania initially considered its founding date to be 1750, later in Penns early history, the university changed its officially recognized founding date to 1749, which was used for all of the nineteenth century, including a centennial celebration in 1849. In 1899, Penns board of trustees adopted a third founding date of 1740. Penn was chartered in 1755, the same year classes began. Religious affiliation refers to financial sponsorship, formal association with, and promotion by, all of the schools in the Ivy League are private and not currently associated with any religion. Students have long revered the ivied walls of older colleges, planting the ivy was a customary class day ceremony at many colleges in the 1800s. In 1893 an alumnus told The Harvard Crimson, In 1850, the custom of planting the ivy, while the ivy oration was delivered, arose about this time. At Penn, graduating seniors started the custom of planting ivy at a university building each spring in 1873, Ivy planting ceremonies are reported for Yale, Simmons, Bryn Mawr and many others
5.
Fielding H. Yost
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Fielding Harris Yost was an American football player and coach and college athletics administrator. During his 25 seasons as the football coach in Ann Arbor, Yosts Michigan Wolverines won six national championships, captured ten Big Ten Conference titles. From 1901 to 1905, his Point-a-Minute squads went 55–1–1, outscoring their opponents by a margin of 2,821 to 42, the 1901 team beat Stanford, 49–0, in the 1902 Rose Bowl, the first college football bowl game ever played. Under Yost, Michigan won four national championships from 1901 to 1904. In 1921, Yost became Michigans athletic director and served in capacity until 1940. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1951, Yost was also a successful business person, lawyer, and author, but he is best known as a leading figure in pioneering the development of college football into a national phenomenon. Yost was born in Fairview, West Virginia, in April 1871, Yosts family had settled in West Virginia, in 1925. He was the oldest of four children of Parmenus Wesley Yost and Elzena Jane Yost and his father was a farmer and Confederate veteran. His family had been in Fairview since 1825 when his great, great grandfather, David Yost, settled there, Yost was educated in the local schools and became a deputy marshal in Fairview as a teenager. At seventeen, he got a teaching certificate. Yost began his education at Fairmont Normal School in Fairmont. He then taught school at Patterson Creek, West Virginia, during the 1889–90 school year, Yost next enrolled at Ohio Normal School. Yost played for the Ohio Normal baseball team, after three years at Ohio Normal, Yost returned to West Virginia to work in the oil fields. In 1895, Yost enrolled at West Virginia University where he studied law and he also played football for West Virginia University football team. A 6-foot,200 pounder, Yost was a standout at tackle at West Virginia into the 1896 season and he transferred in mid-season to join Coach Parke H. Daviss national championship team at Lafayette. Just a week playing against Davis in West Virginia, Yost was playing for Davis in Lafayettes historic 6–4 win over the Penn Quakers. The fortuitous timing of Yosts appearance on the Lafayette roster did not go unnoticed by Penn officials and they called it the Yost affair. The Philadelphia Ledger quoted Yost as saying that he came to Lafayette only to play football, the fact that Yost appeared in a Lafayette uniform only once, in the Penn game, and that he returned to West Virginia within two weeks of the contest did not help appearances
6.
1902 Michigan Wolverines football team
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The 1902 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1902 Western Conference football season. With a conference record of 5–0, Michigan won the Big Nine Conference championship, quarterback Boss Weeks was the teams captain and the leader of the Wolverines offense that twice scored more than 100 points against opponents and averaged 58.6 points per game. Right halfback Albert E. Herrnstein was the leading scorer with 135 points on 27 touchdowns. Fullback James E. Lawrence was the second-leading scorer with 113 points on 12 touchdowns and 53 extra point kicks, Willie Heston, Joe Maddock and Paul J. Jones added 15,12 and 11 touchdowns, respectively. Michigan opened the 1902 season with an 88–0 victory over Albion College, Michigan completed all but one drive with touchdowns. The Wolverines starters scored eight touchdowns and 45 points in the first 20-minute half, and the substitutes added seven touchdowns, on defense, Michigan allowed only a single first down by Albion. The game was played in halves of 20 minutes each, rinehart of Lafayette was the umpire, and Thomas of Michigan was the referee. Michigans starting lineup was Redden, Johnson, Baker, Gregory, Lawrence, Maddock, Cole, Weeks, Heston, Herrnstein, in its second game of the 1902, Michigan played the Case Scientific School of Cleveland. The October 4 game was the meeting between the schools. Although Michigan scored eight touchdowns and easily defeated Case by a score of 48 to 6, Michigan had not allowed any points to be scored in the first 12 games under Fielding Yost. The headline in the Detroit Free Press referred not to Michigans victory but instead read, the Michigan Alumnus wrote that the touchdown by Case caused consternation among coach, team, and students as it had been their fondest hope that the goal line should remain uncrossed another year. The game was played in halves of 20 minutes each, rinehart of Lafayette was the umpire, and Gaston of Cleveland was the referee. Michigans starting lineup was Redden, Lawrence, McGugin, Gregory, Carter, Maddock, Cole, Weeks, Kidston, Herrnstein, Michigan played a mid-week game against Michigan Agricultural College on Wednesday, October 8,1902, four days after the win against Case. Michigan attained its highest point total of the year, defeating the Aggies by a score of 119-0, the Wolverines scored 71 points in the first half of 20 minutes and 48 in the second half of 18 minutes. The Michigan Alumnus called it the greatest fusillade of touchdowns ever known to the football world, Michigan was held on downs only once in the game, and the Aggies made only three first downs. Right halfback Albert Herrnstein ran back a kickoff the length of the field, the game was played in two halves of 20 minutes and 18 minutes. Demonstrating the understatement of the Point-a-Minute name given to the team, the Wolverines scored 119 points in 38 minutes of play, an average of 3.1 points per minute. After the game, The Newark Advocate wrote, Michigan has undoubtedly the fastest scoring team in the world, and it requires a fast team to take the ball, line up and score 119 points, even if they have no opponents in two 20 minute halves
7.
Dan McGugin
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Daniel Earle McGugin was an American football player and coach, as well as a lawyer. He served as the football coach at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee from 1904 to 1917 and again from 1919 to 1934. He is the winningest head coach in the history of the university, McGugin was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1951 as part of its inaugural class. Zipp Newman once wrote “I believe Dan McGugin would have gone down in history as the greatest of all coaches had he given all of his time to coaching. He was a great play-maker, but football was a sport for the beloved McGugin and law was his profession. ”McGugin was born in July 1879 on a farm near Tingley and he was the son of Benjamin Franklin McGugin and Melissa McGugin. He was of Scottish and Irish descent, McGugin saw the baton twirling skills of W. W. Wharton in Tingley for a Sunday evening church service one day in 1896 and was intrigued. Wharton, Drake Universitys first football coach, suggested he play football instead, come to Drake University, Wharton suggested, and well make you as fine a tackle as there is. McGugin enrolled at Drake University and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1901 and he played football at Drake for two years at the guard and tackle positions and was considered one of the best players that Drake ever had. After one victory he purchased a small cannon and fired it at regular fifteen-minute intervals, nodding politely to neighbors Sabbath complaints. After graduating from Drake, McGugin enrolled in law school at the University of Michigan, while there, McGugin played college football for Fielding H. Yost. He was a player on Michigans Point-a-Minute teams that outscored their opponents,1,211 to 12 in 1901 and 1902, as a guard he is careful yet nervy. He gets the jump on his opponents and keeps the advantage, although a hard player he goes into each scrimmage with as much composure as if he were walking along the campus. McGugin, although good in every department of his position, has two qualities that are pre-eminent, namely, making interference and opening holes, heston has been especially fortunate this year in having a good interference, and part of that interference has been McGugin. McGugin was the football coach for the Vanderbilt Commodores of Vanderbilt University from 1904 to 1917. During his tenures, the Vanderbilt Commodores compiled a 197–55–19 record, had a.762 winning percentage, and won 11 conference titles. He had numerous intersectional triumphs, defeating the Carlisle Indians in 1906, and tying the Navy Midshipmen in 1907, the Yale Bulldogs in 1910, McGugin used his mentor Yosts short punt formation. In his first career game, McGugins team defeated Mississippi A&M and he went on to win his next two games by 60 points as well. He remains the only coach in NCAA history to win his first three games by 60 points and he also won each of his first 11 games by more than 20 points
8.
Syracuse, New York
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Syracuse is a city in, and the county seat of, Onondaga County, New York, in the United States. It is the largest U. S. city with the name Syracuse, and is the fifth most populous city in the state of New York following New York City, Buffalo, Rochester, and Yonkers. At the 2010 census, the city population was 145,170 and it is the economic and educational hub of Central New York, a region with over a million inhabitants. Syracuse is also well-provided with convention sites, with a convention complex. Syracuse was named after the original Greek city Syracuse, a city on the eastern coast of the Italian island of Sicily. The city has functioned as a crossroads over the last two centuries, first between the Erie Canal and its branch canals, then of the railway network. Today, Syracuse is located at the intersection of Interstates 81 and 90, Syracuse is home to Syracuse University, a major research university, as well as Le Moyne College, a nationally recognized liberal arts college. In 2010, Forbes rated Syracuse 4th in the top 10 places in the U. S. to raise a family, the Syracuse area was first seen by Europeans when French missionaries came to the area in the 1600s. Marie de Gannentaha, on the northeast shore of Onondaga Lake, Jesuit missionaries visiting the Syracuse region in the mid 1600s reported salty brine springs around the southern end of Salt Lake, known today as Onondaga Lake. It is the north flowing brine from Tully that is the source of salt for the salty springs found along the shoreline of Onondaga lake, the rapid development of this industry in the 18th and 19th centuries led to the nicknaming of Syracuse as The Salt City. In 1847, the city was named after Syracuse, Sicily. In 1861, he developed the process for the manufacture of soda ash from brine wells dug in the southern end of Tully valley. The process was an improvement over the earlier Leblanc process, the Syracuse Solvay plant was the incubator for a large chemical industry complex owned by Allied Signal in Syracuse, the result of which made Onondaga Lake the most polluted in the nation. The salt industry declined after the Civil War, but a new manufacturing industry arose in its place, the Geneva Medical College was founded in 1834. It is now known as Upstate Medical University, one of four medical colleges in the State University of New York system. The first New York State Fair was held in Syracuse in 1841, world War II sparked significant industrial expansion in the area, specialty steel, fasteners, custom machining. After the war, two of the Big Three automobile manufacturers had major operations in the area, Syracuse was headquarters for Carrier Corporation, and Crouse-Hinds manufactured traffic signals in Syracuse. General Electric had its television manufacturing plant at Electronics Parkway in Syracuse
9.
National Collegiate Athletic Association
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The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a non-profit association which regulates athletes of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals. It also organizes the programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2014, the NCAA generated almost a billion dollars in revenue. 80 to 90% of this revenue was due to the Division I Mens Basketball Tournament and this revenue is then distributed back into various organizations and institutions across the United States. In August 1973, the current three-division setup of Division I, Division II, under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships, generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I football was divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978. Subsequently, the term Division I-AAA was briefly added to delineate Division I schools which do not field a football program at all, in 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were respectively renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision. Inter-collegiate sports began in the US in 1852 when crews from Harvard University, as other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, the IAAUS was officially established on March 31,1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910. For several years, the NCAA was a group and rules-making body, but in 1921, the first NCAA national championship was conducted. Gradually, more rules committees were formed and more championships were created, a series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II. The Sanity Code – adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid – failed to curb abuses, postseason football games were multiplying with little control, and member schools were increasingly concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance. The complexity of problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership. Walter Byers, previously an executive assistant, was named executive director in 1951. Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association, as college athletics grew, the scope of the nations athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the Associations membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions – I, II, and III, five years later in 1978, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in football. Until the 1980s, the association did not offer womens athletics, instead, the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, with nearly 1000 member schools, governed womens collegiate sports in the United States
10.
Sports Illustrated
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Sports Illustrated is an American sports media franchise owned by Time Inc. Its self-titled magazine has over 3 million subscribers and is read by 23 million people each week and it was the first magazine with circulation over one million to win the National Magazine Award for General Excellence twice. Its swimsuit issue, which has published since 1964, is now an annual publishing event that generates its own television shows, videos. There were two magazines named Sports Illustrated before the current magazine began on August 16,1954, in 1936, Stuart Scheftel created Sports Illustrated with a target market for the sportsman. He published the magazine from 1936 to 1938 on a monthly basis, the magazine was a life magazine size and focused on golf, tennis, and skiing with articles on the major sports. He then sold the name to Dell Publications, which released Sports Illustrated in 1949, dells version focused on major sports and competed on magazine racks against Sport and other monthly sports magazines. During the 1940s these magazines were monthly and they did not cover the current events because of the production schedules, there was no large-base, general, weekly sports magazine with a national following on actual active events. It was then that Time patriarch Henry Luce began considering whether his company should attempt to fill that gap, at the time, many believed sports was beneath the attention of serious journalism and did not think sports news could fill a weekly magazine, especially during the winter. A number of advisers to Luce, including Life magazines Ernest Havemann, tried to kill the idea, but Luce, the goal of the new magazine was to be basically a magazine, but with sports. Launched on August 16,1954, it was not profitable and not particularly well run at first, but Luces timing was good. The popularity of sports in the United States was about to explode. The early issues of the magazine seemed caught between two opposing views of its audience, after more than a decade of steady losses, the magazines fortunes finally turned around in the 1960s when Andre Laguerre became its managing editor. A European correspondent for Time, Inc, in May 1956, Luce brought Laguerre to New York to become assistant managing editor of the magazine. He was also one of the first to sense the rise of national interest in professional football, Laguerre also instituted the innovative concept of one long story at the end of every issue, which he called the bonus piece. His genius as an editor was that he made you want to please him, Laguerre is also credited with the conception and creation of the annual Swimsuit Issue, which quickly became, and remains, the most popular issue each year. Regular illustration features by artists like Robert Riger, high school football Player of the Month awards. In 2015 Sports Illustrated purchased a group of companies and combined them to create Sports Illustrated Play. The magazines photographers also made their mark with innovations like putting cameras in the goal at a hockey game, by 1967, the magazine was printing 200 pages of fast color a year, in 1983, SI became the first American full-color newsweekly
11.
Yale Bulldogs football
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The Yale Bulldogs football program represents Yale University in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision. Yales football program is one of the oldest in the world, with 890 wins, Yale ranks second in wins in college football history, trailing only the University of Michigan. The Bulldogs were the dominant team in the days of intercollegiate football, winning 27 college football national championships. Walter Camp, known as the Father of Football, graduated from Hopkins Grammar School in 1876 and he later served as the head football coach at Yale from 1888 to 1892. The team made the down and went on to win the game in one of Yales greatest victories in its history, laRoche went on to spearhead the creation of the National Football Foundation and Hall of Fame. When the Ivy League athletic conference was formed in 1955, conference rules prohibited post-season play in football. While Yale had always abstained from post-season play, other schools had participated in bowls before, and the new policy further insulated Yale. The NCAA decided to split Division I into two subdivisions in 1978, then called I-A for larger schools, and I-AA for the smaller ones. In 1982, the NCAA created a rule that stated an average attendance must be at least 15,000 to qualify for I-A membership. This forced the hand, as only some of the member schools met the attendance qualification. Choosing to stay rather than stand their ground separately in the increasingly competitive I-A subdivision. Since the formation of the Ivy League in 1956, Yale has won 14 Ivy League championships,1956,1960,1967,1968,1969,1974,1976,1977,1979,1980,1981,1989,1999,2006. Harvard and Yale have been competing against each other in football since 1875, the annual rivalry game between the two schools, known as The Game, is played in November at the end of the football season. As of 2016, Yale leads the series 66–59–8, the Game is the second oldest continuing rivalry and also the third most-played rivalry game in college football history, after the Lehigh–Lafayette Rivalry and the Princeton–Yale game. Sports Illustrated On Campus rated the Harvard–Yale rivalry the sixth-best in college athletics in 2003, Harvard had been unbeaten versus Yale from 2007 to 2015. The nine game winning streak was the longest during the rivalry, Yales 2016 victory over Harvard in Cambridge, 21-14, ended the streak. The Game is significant for historical reasons as the rules of The Game soon were adopted by other schools. Footballs rules, conventions, and equipment, as well as elements of such as the mascot and fight song, include many elements pioneered or nurtured at Harvard
12.
Willie Heston
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William Martin Willie Heston was an American football player and coach. He played halfback at San Jose State University and the University of Michigan, Heston was the head football coach for Drake University in 1905 and North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, now North Carolina State University, in 1906. After he retired from coaching, he practiced law and served as a court judge in Michigan. Heston was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1954 and he was selected by the Football Writers Association of America as the halfback for its all-time team for the first 50 years of the sport. University of Michigan coach Fielding H. Yost rated him as the greatest player of all-time, Heston was born in Galesburg, Illinois in 1878. His father, John William Heston, was a tenant farmer near Galesburg, at age four, Heston moved with his family to a river-bottom farm in Rippey, Iowa. At age nine, Heston moved with his family to a ranch in southwestern Kansas, in 1894, Heston moved with his family to a farm in Grants Pass, Oregon. As a teenager, he worked digging a ditch to supply water to a mine and chopping down, the local high school principal, Professor Champ Price, met Heston and suggested that he attend high school. Heston attended Grants Pass High School starting in 1895, and it was there that his ability as a runner was discovered. He graduated from school in 1898 as the co-valedictorian of his class. In 1898, Heston enrolled at San Jose State Normal School in San Jose, California, Heston was introduced to football while attending San Jose State. San Joses football coach, Jesse Woods, put Heston at the position where he scored more touchdowns in his first year of football than any of the regular players. A newspaper reported on Heston in 1898, A star run of left half Heston made 70 yards … Heston was easily the star of the game, no better performance than his has been witnessed in this state. San Joses 1899 football team, with Heston as the captain, lost only one game, during the 1900 season, San Jose was undefeated and played Chico State Normal School to a 6-6 tie in the championship game. The teams agreed to a three weeks later, and Stanfords coach Fielding H. Yost agreed to coach the San Jose State team in the two weeks leading up to the rematch. With Yosts guidance, San Jose State beat Chico State 46 to 0 in the rematch, Heston received his teaching degree from San Jose State and accepted a teaching job in Oregon in 1901. Heston initially declined, but subsequently agreed and joined Yost at the University of Michigan in late summer of 1901, Heston was enrolled in the law school. With Heston in the backfield, the Michigan Wolverines had four of the most successful seasons in the history of college football, the 1901 to 1904 teams became known as the Point-a-Minute teams because they averaged more than a point for every minute played
