Cape Colony
The Cape of Good Hope known as the Cape Colony, was a British colony in present-day South Africa, named after the Cape of Good Hope. The British colony was preceded by an earlier Dutch colony of the same name, the Kaap de Goede Hoop, established in 1652 by the Dutch East India Company; the Cape was under Dutch rule from 1652 to 1795 and again from 1803 to 1806. The Dutch lost the colony to Great Britain following the 1795 Battle of Muizenberg, but had it returned following the 1802 Peace of Amiens, it was re-occupied by the UK following the Battle of Blaauwberg in 1806, British possession affirmed with the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814. The Cape of Good Hope remained in the British Empire, becoming self-governing in 1872, uniting with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa in 1910, it was renamed the Province of the Cape of Good Hope. South Africa became a sovereign state in 1931 by the Statute of Westminster. In 1961 it obtained its own monetary unit called the Rand. Following the 1994 creation of the present-day South African provinces, the Cape Province was partitioned into the Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, Western Cape, with smaller parts in North West province.
The Cape of Good Hope was coextensive with the Cape Province, stretching from the Atlantic coast inland and eastward along the southern coast, constituting about half of modern South Africa: the final eastern boundary, after several wars against the Xhosa, stood at the Fish River. In the north, the Orange River known as the Gariep River, served as the boundary for some time, although some land between the river and the southern boundary of Botswana was added to it. From 1878, the colony included the enclave of Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands, both in what is now Namibia. An expedition of the Dutch East India Company led by Jan van Riebeeck established a trading post and naval victualing station at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652. Van Riebeeck's objective was to secure a harbour of refuge for Dutch ships during the long voyages between Europe and Asia. Within about three decades, the Cape had become home to a large community of "vrijlieden" known as "vrijburgers", former VOC employees who settled in Dutch colonies overseas after completing their service contracts.
Vrijburgers were married Dutch citizens who undertook to spend at least twenty years farming the land within the fledgling colony's borders. Reflecting the multi-national nature of the early trading companies, the Dutch granted vrijburger status to a number of former Scandinavian and German employees as well. In 1688 they sponsored the immigration of nearly two hundred French Huguenot refugees who had fled to the Netherlands upon the Edict of Fontainebleau. There was a degree of cultural assimilation due to intermarriage, the universal adoption of the Dutch language. Many of the colonists who settled directly on the frontier became independent and localised in their loyalties. Known as Boers, they migrated westwards beyond the Cape Colony's initial borders and had soon penetrated a thousand kilometres inland; some Boers adopted a nomadic lifestyle permanently and were denoted as trekboers. The Dutch colonial period was marred by a number of bitter conflicts between the colonists and the Khoisan, followed by the Xhosa, both of which they perceived as unwanted competitors for prime farmland.
Dutch traders imported thousands of slaves to the Cape of Good Hope from the Dutch East Indies and other parts of Africa. By the end of the eighteenth century the Cape's population swelled to about 26,000 people of European descent and 30,000 slaves. In 1795, France occupied the Seven Provinces of the Netherlands, the mother country of the Dutch East India Company; this prompted Great Britain to occupy the territory in 1795 as a way to better control the seas in order to stop any potential French attempt to reach India. The British sent a fleet of nine warships which anchored at Simon's Town and, following the defeat of the Dutch militia at the Battle of Muizenberg, took control of the territory; the Dutch East India Company transferred its territories and claims to the Batavian Republic in 1798, ceased to exist in 1799. Improving relations between Britain and Napoleonic France, its vassal state the Batavian Republic, led the British to hand the Cape of Good Hope over to the Batavian Republic in 1803, under the terms of the Treaty of Amiens.
In 1806, the Cape, now nominally controlled by the Batavian Republic, was occupied again by the British after their victory in the Battle of Blaauwberg. The temporary peace between Britain and Napoleonic France had crumbled into open hostilities, whilst Napoleon had been strengthening his influence on the Batavian Republic; the British, who set up a colony on 8 January 1806, hoped to keep Napoleon out of the Cape, to control the Far East trade routes. In 1814 the Dutch government formally ceded sovereignty over the Cape to the British, under the terms of the Convention of London; the British started to settle the eastern border of the colony, with the arrival in Port Elizabeth of the 1820 Settlers. They began to introduce the first rudimentary rights for the Cape's black African population and, in 1834, abolished slavery; the resentment that the Dutch farmers felt against this social change, as well as the imposition of English language and culture, caused them to trek inland en masse. This was known as the Great Trek, the migrating Boers settled inland, forming the "Boer republics" of Transvaal and the Orange Free State.
British immigration con
Namaqualand 0-4-2ST Pioneer
The Namaqua Copper Company 0-4-2ST Pioneer of 1901 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope. In 1901, the Namaqua Copper Company acquired its first locomotive, a 0-4-2ST saddle-tank shunting engine named Pioneer, for use on its tramway line between its main mine at Tweefontein and Flat Mine at Concordia; the Namaqua United Copper Company was formed to take over the Namaqua Copper Company from 1 January 1888 and, on 14 May 1888, it was reconstructed as the Namaqua Copper Company. In 1889, the mine built a 7 1⁄2-mile long branch line from Braakpits Junction, near O'okiep, to Flat Mine where the Company's ore crusher was located; the line was opened to traffic on 23 April 1889. Braakpits Junction was on the Namaqualand Railway of the Cape Copper Company, which ran from Port Nolloth on the West Coast to the copper mines around O'okiep. A tramway line was constructed from Flat Mine to the Company's most important mine at Tweefontein, as well as branch lines to the Company stores at Concordia and the copper floor at Flat Mine.
At the Port Nolloth end of the Namaqualand Railway, a short line was built to serve the Company store at Port Nolloth. Trains were mule-hauled from the beginning. Copper ore from the Namaqua Copper Company's mines and other Company traffic made use of the Cape Copper Company line between Braakpits Junction and Porth Nolloth; until the Namaqua Copper Company acquired its own 8 ton capacity mainline trucks and ore had to be transshipped at Braakpits Junction. By 1906, the company had a fleet of thirty trucks; the Company survived the post-First World War depression in spite of a prolonged stoppage of mining from May 1918, but towards the end of the 1920s its copper reserves were running out and the collapse in the copper price led to final closure in July 1931. The assets of the Namaqua Copper Company were sold in 1932 and 1933 and the properties were taken over by the O'okiep Copper Company in 1939; the Namaqua Copper Company acquired its first steam locomotive from Dick, Kerr & Company in 1901.
It was named Pioneer and was constructed as a wood-burning 0-4-0 saddle-tank engine with a balloon chimney which contained a spark arrester. The locomotive had a fuel rack mounted on top of the tank, ahead of the cab. In service, photographs show the locomotive as a 0-4-2ST oil-burning engine with the spark arrester removed from the chimney, with oil tanks mounted underneath the running boards below the cab and with a trailing axle added below the cab to carry the additional weight of the tanks at the rear end. Whether these modifications were carried out pre-delivery by Dick, Kerr or post-delivery by the mining company is not known. In all, the Namaqua Copper Company had five locomotives by 1907, the 7-ton engine Pioneer being the first and the smallest. A 9-ton locomotive named Volunteer followed in 1902. Three 12-ton locomotives named Muleteer and Reindeer were delivered in 1903, May 1905 and February 1907 respectively; these locomotives replaced the mules on the Namaqua Copper Company mainline to Braakpits Junction.
The locomotive Pioneer was too light for work on the Company's mainline to Braakpits Junction and was placed in service on the tramway to Tweefontein. It gained its place in history during the Second Boer War. Towards the end of the Second Boer War, the Cape of Good Hope was invaded by Boer commandos and, on 4 April 1902, the town Concordia surrendered to Boer forces. From 8 April to 3 May, the neighbouring town O'okiep was besieged by the Boer forces under General J. C. Smuts, whose strategy was to capture the rich copper fields and thus force the British to send troops from Cape Town to O'okiep, which would leave Cape Town vulnerable to attack; the garrison of O'okiep consisted of some 900 men employees of the Cape Copper Company, three-quarters of whom were coloured. A chain of blockhouses and other defensive positions had been prepared and early in the siege, the garrison succeeded in repulsing several determined attacks by the commando. However, when the departure of Smuts with a British safe-conduct to the deliberations at Vereeniging heralded the end of the war, the siege became little more than a good-humoured blockade.
On 1 May 1902, the commandos launched an attack on O'okiep, using the commandeered locomotive Pioneer to propel a mobile bomb in the form of a truck-load of dynamite into the besieged town. The protective defences at O'okiep consisted of a barbed wire fence, erected across the railway line at Braakpits Junction, just north of the town; the points at the junction were rigged to the fence, with the result that, when the dynamite-laden truck breached the fence, it derailed at the points and spilled its load of dynamite on the ground, where it burned out harmlessly without exploding. According to Smuts, the railway between the two towns was still intact, but since there were women and children in O'okiep town, all the commando was allowed to do was to give O'okiep a tremendous fright with a harmless explosion. Boer General Ben Bouwer had inspected the trainload before it was sent hurtling into the besieged town, to make sure that there were no caps in the dynamite; the Second Boer War ended with the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging in Pretoria on 31 May 1902.
When it transpired that the coloured members of the O'okiep garrison were excluded from receiving the Queen's South Africa Medal, the Cape Copper Company struck a medal of its own and presented it to all the defenders, regardless of race. The obverse of the Cape Copper Company Medal for the Defence of O'okiep depicts a miner with a spade, standing next to an ore truck; the locomotive Pioneer was retrieved from O'okiep on 29 July 1902, repaired and placed back in service. By 1906, the lo
Mumbai
Mumbai is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. As of 2011 it is the most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 12.4 million. The larger Mumbai Metropolitan Region is the second most populous metropolitan area in India, with a population of 21.3 million as of 2016. Mumbai has a deep natural harbour. In 2008, Mumbai was named an alpha world city, it is the wealthiest city in India, has the highest number of millionaires and billionaires among all cities in India. Mumbai is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Elephanta Caves, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, the city's distinctive ensemble of Victorian and Art Deco buildings; the seven islands that constitute Mumbai were home to communities of Koli people, who originated in Gujarat in prehistoric times. For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese Empire and subsequently to the East India Company when in 1661 Charles II of England married Catherine of Braganza and as part of her dowry Charles received the ports of Tangier and Seven Islands of Bombay.
During the mid-18th century, Bombay was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea. Along with construction of major roads and railways, the reclamation project, completed in 1845, transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Bombay in the 19th century was characterised by educational development. During the early 20th century it became a strong base for the Indian independence movement. Upon India's independence in 1947 the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as the capital. Mumbai is the financial and entertainment capital of India, it is one of the world's top ten centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow, generating 6.16% of India's GDP and accounting for 25% of industrial output, 70% of maritime trade in India, 70% of capital transactions to India's economy. The city houses important financial institutions such as the Reserve Bank of India, the Bombay Stock Exchange, the National Stock Exchange of India, the SEBI and the corporate headquarters of numerous Indian companies and multinational corporations.
It is home to some of India's premier scientific and nuclear institutes like Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Nuclear Power Corporation of India, Indian Rare Earths, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Atomic Energy Commission of India, the Department of Atomic Energy. The city houses India's Hindi and Marathi cinema industries. Mumbai's business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, attract migrants from all over India, making the city a melting pot of many communities and cultures; the name Mumbai is derived from Mumbā or Mahā-Ambā—the name of the patron goddess Mumbadevi of the native Koli community— and ā'ī meaning "mother" in the Marathi language, the mother tongue of the Koli people and the official language of Maharashtra. The Koli people originated in Kathiawad and Central Gujarat, according to some sources they brought their goddess Mumba with them from Kathiawad, where she is still worshipped. However, other sources disagree.
The oldest known names for the city are Galajunkja. In 1508, Portuguese writer Gaspar Correia used the name "Bombaim" in his Lendas da Índia; this name originated as the Galician-Portuguese phrase bom baim, meaning "good little bay", Bombaim is still used in Portuguese. In 1516, Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa used the name Tana-Maiambu: Tana appears to refer to the adjoining town of Thane and Maiambu to Mumbadevi. Other variations recorded in the 16th and the 17th centuries include: Mombayn, Bombain, Monbaym, Mombaym, Bombaiim, Boon Bay, Bon Bahia. After the English gained possession of the city in the 17th century, the Portuguese name was anglicised as Bombay. Ali Muhammad Khan, imperial dewan or revenue minister of the Gujarat province, in the Mirat-i Ahmedi referred to the city as Manbai; the French traveller Louis Rousselet who visited in 1863 and 1868 tells us in his book L’Inde des Rajahs: "Etymologists have wrongly derived this name from the Portuguese Bôa Bahia, or, not knowing that the tutelar goddess of this island has been, from remote antiquity, Bomba, or Mamba Dévi, that she still... possesses a temple".
By the late 20th century, the city was referred to as Mumbai or Mambai in Marathi, Gujarati and Sindhi, as Bambai in Hindi. The Government of India changed the English name to Mumbai in November 1995; this came at the insistence of the Marathi nationalist Shiv Sena party, which had just won the Maharashtra state elections, mirrored similar name changes across the country and in Maharashtra. According to Slate magazine, "they argued that'Bombay' was a corrupted English version of'Mumbai' and an unwanted legacy of British colonial rule." Slate said "The push to rename Bombay was part of a larger movement to strengthen Marathi identity in the Maharashtra region." While the city is still referred to as Bombay by some of its residents and by Indians from other regions, mention of the ci
1900 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1900 in South Africa. Governor of the Cape of Good Hope and High Commissioner for Southern Africa:Alfred Milner. Governor of the Colony of Natal: Charles Bullen Hugh Mitchell. State President of the Orange Free State: Martinus Theunis Steyn. State President of the South African Republic: Paul Kruger. Prime Minister of the Cape of Good Hope: William Philip Schreiner, John Gordon Sprigg. Prime Minister of the Colony of Natal: Albert Henry Hime. January10 – Frederick Roberts arrives at Cape Town to replace Redvers Henry Buller as commander-in-chief of the British forces in South Africa, accompanied by Herbert Kitchener as his chief-of-staff. 10 – Barolong chief Wessel Montshiwa advises his people not to assist the British during the siege of Mafeking. 19–24 – Boer forces under the command of Louis Botha defeat the British forces under the command of Redvers Buller during the Battle of Spioenkop. 21 – George Labram completes the gun Long Cecil during the Siege of Kimberley.
24 – The Boer government of the Transvaal holds peace talks with the British. February5 – British forces under the command of Redvers Henry Buller attack Boer forces under the command of Louis Botha and are defeated during the Battle of Vaal Krantz. 14 – British reinforcements arrive. 15 – The Siege of Kimberley is relieved by a cavalry division under General John French. 18–27 – British forces under command of Frederick Roberts defeat the Boers during the Battle of Paardeberg. 27 – General Piet Cronje is captured. 28 – The Siege of Ladysmith ends with the successful Relief of Ladysmith. March13 – British forces under command of Frederick Roberts take Bloemfontein. 13 – A Joint Diplomatic Delegation consisting of Abraham Fischer and C. H. Wessels for the Orange Free State and A. D. W. Wolmarans for the South African Republic, with J. M. de Bruin as secretary, embarks at Lourenço Marques for Europe and the United States, seeking international intervention in the South African War and aid for the beleaguered Boer republics.
May3 – The Battle of Brandfort takes place between British forces under command of Frederick Roberts and the Boers under command of General De la Rey. 18 – The Siege of Mafeking is relieved. 28 – The Orange Free State is annexed to the Cape Colony. June5 – British forces under command of Frederick Roberts take Pretoria. 11 – British forces under command of B. T. Mahon occupies Potchefstroom. July2 – British forces occupy Utrecht after defeating the defending citizens the previous day. 3 – The British abandons Utrecht upon receiving reports of General Grobler's approach. 3 – British forces under Col. Baden-Powell evacuate Rustenburg. August21–27 – The Battle of Bergendal between the Boers and British forces takes place on the farm Bergendal near Belfast. 28 – British troops march into Machadodorp. November29 – Herbert Kitchener succeeds Frederick Roberts as commander-in-chief of the British forces in South Africa and implements a scorched earth strategy. December27 – Emily Hobhouse arrives in Cape Town.
26 March – Jackie Tindall, Springbok rugby union player, is born in Stellenbosch. 14 May – Johannes du Plessis Scholtz, linguist and historian, is born in the Hottentots-Holland district of the Cape Colony. 28 March – Petrus Jacobus Joubert, a South African Republic Triumvirate member, dies from peritonitis at the age of 76 at Pretoria. 3 June – Mary Kingsley, an English ethnographer, scientific writer, explorer, dies when contracting typhoid from helping Boer POWs 29 October – Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein, eldest son of Princess Helena, third daughter of Queen Victoria, dies after contracting malaria during the Boer War 25 July – Natal – New Hanover to Greytown, 35 miles 34 chains. 8 August – Natal – Park Rynie to Umzinto, 10 miles 40 chains. 8 August – Natal – Kelso Junction to Mtwalume, 11 miles 54 chains. 5 December – Cape Eastern – Bowker's Park to Tarkastad, 32 miles 47 chains. CapeTwo redesigned 6th Class 4-6-0 steam locomotives are placed in service by the Cape Government Railways.
In 1912 they would be designated Class 6F on the South African Railways. Four 2-6-0 tank locomotives that are destined for the Nederlandsche-Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorweg-Maatschappij are intercepted by the Imperial Military Railways and diverted to Indwe Collieries. After the war they would be designated 3rd Class on the Cape Government Railways; the Port Elizabeth Harbour Board places two 2-6-0 Mogul saddle-tank locomotives in shunting service at the Port Elizabeth Harbour. The first of six Scotia Class 0-6-2 tender locomotives enters service with the Cape Copper Company on its 2 ft 6 in gauge Namaqualand Railway between Port Nolloth and O'okiep. TransvaalTwo new Cape gauge locomotive types enter service on the Imperial Military Railways: Due to a shortage of locomotives, six tank locomotives destined for the Western Australian Government Railways are diverted to South Africa, where they become known as the Western Australians. Twenty-five Cape 7th Class locomotives are purchased and three more that were intended for the Pretoria-Pietersburg Railway are commandeered by the Imperial Military Railways.
The British War Office places two Sirdar class 0-4-0T narrow gauge tank steam locomotives in service near Germiston. In 1912 they would become Class NG1 on the South African Railways
1903 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1903 in South Africa. Governor of the Cape of Good Hope and High Commissioner for Southern Africa:Walter Hely-Hutchinson. Governor of the Colony of Natal: Henry Edward McCallum. Prime Minister of the Cape of Good Hope: John Gordon Sprigg. Prime Minister of the Orange River Colony: Alfred Milner. Prime Minister of the Colony of Natal: Albert Henry Hime, George Morris Sutton. FebruaryMahatma Gandhi enrolls to the Bar of the Transvaal Supreme Court. March12 – Andries Dreyer, an archivist of the Dutch Reformed Church, is ordained as a missionary of the congregation for the Hanover Street area in Cape Town. May21 – The first contingent of Chinese labourers leave China to work on the Witwatersrand gold mines. June4 – The Indian Opinion is started by Mahatma Gandhi with Mansukhlal Nazar as editor. Unknown dateThe County of Pembroke, a British cargo ship, is shipwrecked near Port Elizabeth. 11 January – Alan Paton and founder of the Liberal Party of South Africa, is born in Pietermaritzburg, Natal.
21 March – John Beaver Marks, political activist and trade unionist, is born in Ventersdorp. 4 May – Louise Behrens and Afrikaans journalist, is born in the Orange Free State. 4 May – Hendrik Susan, orchestra leader and violist. 19 June – Wally Hammond, English first-class cricketer and South African sports administrator. 8 October – Mikro and poet, is born at Van Reenens Farm in the Williston district. 13 March – General David Johannes Joubert, a South African explorer to East Africa, dies of malaria near Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 8 August – Adolf Schiel, German-born officer in Boer armed forces. 19 February – Cape Central – Swellendam to Riversdale, 64 miles. 28 February – Cape Western – Kalbaskraal to Hopefield, 46 miles 79 chains. 22 March -- Free State -- Sannaspos to 17 miles 3 chains. 1 April – Free State – Harrismith to Aberfeldy, 20 miles 60 chains. 27 April – Transvaal – India Junction to Driehoek, 55 chains. 17 September – Natal – Mhlatuze to Somkele, 55 miles 17 chains. 1 November – Transvaal – India Junction to New Canada, 14 miles 31 chains.
12 November – Natal – Talana to Lucas Meyer, 50 miles 64 chains. 14 December – Cape Eastern – King William's Town to Middledrift, 33 miles. 14 December – Cape Midland – Cookhouse to Adelaide, 42 miles 52 chains. 14 December – Cape Midland – Willowmore to Le Roux, 75 miles 49 chains. CapeNine new Cape gauge and two narrow gauge locomotive types enter service on the Cape Government Railways: The last eight 3rd Class Wynberg Tender suburban locomotives in Cape Town. Two Karoo Class 4-6-2 Pacific passenger locomotives. In 1912 they will be designated Class 5A on the South African Railways. Two 6th Class 2-6-2 Prairie locomotives. In 1912 they will be designated Class 6Y on the SAR. A second batch of 38 8th Class 4-8-0 Mastodon type locomotives, six on the Western, twenty on the Midland and twelve on the Eastern Systems. In 1912 they will be designated Class 8D on the SAR. Four additional 8th Class 4-8-0 Mastodon type locomotives, built to modified specifications in order to accommodate a larger grate area.
In 1912 they will be designated Class 8E on the SAR. Four Cape 8th Class 2-8-0 Consolidation type locomotives. In 1912 they will be designated Class 8Y on the SAR. Two 9th Class 2-8-2 Mikado steam locomotives. In 1912 they will be classified Class Experimental 4 on the SAR. A single experimental 2-8-0 Consolidation type tandem compound steam locomotive. In 1912 it will be classified as Class Experimental 3 on the SAR. A single experimental 0-6-0+0-6-0 Kitson-Meyer type articulated steam locomotive on the Eastern System. A single small Krauss 0-4-0 side-tank locomotive, for use as construction engine on the narrow gauge Avontuur branch. A single Krauss 0-6-0 tank locomotive for use as construction engine on the Avontuur branch. Two locomotives named Thebus and Stormberg, enter service with the Irrigation Department of the Public Works Department of the Cape Colony. TransvaalThree new Cape gauge locomotive types enter service on the Central South African Railways: Six Reid Tenwheeler 4-10-2 tank locomotives are converted to a 4-8-2T configuration.
In 1912 they will be designated Class H1 on the SAR. Thirty Class 8-L2 4-8-0 Mastodon type locomotives. In 1912 they will be designated Class 8B on the SAR. Thirty Class 8-L3 4-8-0 Mastodon type locomotives. In 1912 they will be designated Class 8C on the SAR
State President of the South African Republic
This is a list of State Presidents of the South African Republic. The country was referred as the Transvaal Republic by the British. State President of the Orange Free State State Secretary of the South African Republic State Attorney of the South African Republic Archontology.org: South African Republic: Heads of State: 1857–1902
Melrose House
Melrose House is a stately mansion and museum located on Burgers Park in Pretoria, South Africa. Built in 1886 by the prosperous Pretoria businessman George Jesse Heys, it was named after the famous Melrose Abbey in Scotland. Melrose House gained fame during the Second Boer War when Lord Roberts requisitioned it as the headquarters for the British forces after Pretoria was invaded in June 1900. For more than 18 months, instructions for the British forces in the field were issued from here; the use of the house as a military headquarters ended when the Treaty of Vereeniging, which ended the war, was signed there on 31 May 1902. Today the elegant mansion is a historic house museum, it is an example of the transition from Victorian to Edwardian architectural styles and interiors. The interior is characterised by colourful stained glass windows, paintings by English artists, carpets in rich colours, ornate ceilings and fireplaces, as well as valuable porcelain ornaments; the majority of these items belonged to the Heys family itself.
Notably the museum contains the table on which the Treaty of Vereeniging was signed. Annual antique markets are held on the premises. Official website Melrose House 360 degree Virtual Tour on Visit Pretoria
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