1.
The Plain (West Point)
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The Plain is the parade field at the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. The flat terrain of the Plain is in contrast to the varied, the Plain rises approximately 150 feet above the Hudson River and has been the site of the longest continually occupied US Army garrison in America since 1778. In its early years, the academy was located on the Plain and it was used for varying activities ranging from drill. Currently, the Plain refers to just the field where cadets perform ceremonial parades. The Plain in the days of the academy comprised approximately 40 acres of relatively flat ground rising approximately 150 feet above the Hudson River. It was not always the level and manicured parade ground that is seen today, before the development of the modern academy, the term The Plain referred to the relatively flat geographic area that the current academy occupies. It included the area where Fort Clinton was constructed, the term now specifically applies to the parade field. The Connecticut militia that first occupied West Point on 27 January 1778 encamped there during that harsh winter. That summer, construction began on Fort Arnold, later to be renamed Fort Clinton, the land was owned by a private citizen, a Mr. Stephen Moore of North Carolina. Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton authorized the purchase of the land for $11,085 in 1790. In the early days of the academy, the Plain was used for purposes beyond its current use for ceremonial parades. From its earliest days until just after World War I, the Corps of Cadets spent their summers encamped on the Plain as part of their tactical field training. Semi-permanent tents were erected, hard-floor planking, and furniture and books were moved out to the campsite as the Cadets moved out of the barracks for the summer, Cadets practiced military drill and cavalry maneuvers on the Plains open areas. However, after the superintendency of Douglas MacArthur from 1919 to 1922, before the construction of Michie Stadium, the Army football team played their home games upon the Plain. For the first 100 years of the academy, there was a depression on the northern edge of the plain near trophy point. This area was known locally as Execution Hollow as reportedly military executions occurred there during the Revolutionary War period, the hollow remained until 1912, when it was filled in with soil excavated from the construction of Bartlett Hall. The area now is a grassy field between the Superintendents review stands, Clinton Field, and Battle Monument on Trophy point. The field contains a small putting green used by the Department of Physical Education for golf instruction, the Plain in present-day is used primarily for ceremonial parades, known at the academy as reviews
2.
United States Military Academy
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It sits on scenic high ground overlooking the Hudson River,50 miles north of New York City. It is one of the four U. S. military service academies, the entire central campus is a national landmark and home to scores of historic sites, buildings, and monuments. The majority of the campuss Norman-style buildings are constructed from gray, the campus is a popular tourist destination complete with a large visitor center and the oldest museum in the United States Army. Candidates for admission must both apply directly to the academy and receive a nomination, usually from a member of Congress or Delegate/Resident Commissioner in the case of Washington, puerto Rico, Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands. Other nomination sources include the President and Vice President of the United States, students are officers-in-training and are referred to as cadets or collectively as the United States Corps of Cadets. Tuition for cadets is fully funded by the Army in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation, approximately 1,300 cadets enter the Academy each July, with about 1,000 cadets graduating. Cadets are required to adhere to the Cadet Honor Code, which states that a cadet will not lie, cheat, steal, the academy bases a cadets leadership experience as a development of all three pillars of performance, academics, physical, and military. Most graduates are commissioned as lieutenants in the Army. Foreign cadets are commissioned into the armies of their home countries, since 1959, cadets have also been eligible to cross-commission, or request a commission in one of the other armed services, provided that they meet that services eligibility standards. Every year, a small number of cadets do this. The academys traditions have influenced other institutions because of its age and it was the first American college to have an accredited civil-engineering program and the first to have class rings, and its technical curriculum was a model for later engineering schools. West Points student body has a rank structure and lexicon. All cadets reside on campus and dine together en masse on weekdays for breakfast, the academy fields fifteen mens and nine womens National Collegiate Athletic Association sports teams. Cadets compete in one sport every fall, winter, and spring season at the intramural, club and its football team was a national power in the early and mid-20th century, winning three national championships. The Continental Army first occupied West Point, New York, on 27 January 1778, between 1778 and 1780, the Polish engineer and military hero Tadeusz Kościuszko oversaw the construction of the garrison defenses. While the fortifications at West Point were known as Fort Arnold during the war, as commander, Benedict Arnold committed his act of treason, after Arnold betrayed the patriot cause, the Army changed the name of the fortifications at West Point, New York, to Fort Clinton. With the peace after the American Revolutionary War, various ordnance, Cadets underwent training in artillery and engineering studies at the garrison since 1794. In 1801, shortly after his inauguration as president, Thomas Jefferson directed that plans be set in motion to establish at West Point the United States Military Academy and he selected Jonathan Williams to serve as its first superintendent
3.
West Point, New York
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West Point is the oldest continuously occupied military post in the United States. West Point was established in 1775 by George Washington who considered it the most important strategic position in America, until January 1778, West Point was not occupied by the military. It comprises approximately 16,000 acres including the campus of the United States Military Academy at West Point and it is a Census Designated Place located in the Town of Highlands in Orange County, New York, located on the western bank of the Hudson River. The population was 6,763 at the 2010 census and it is part of the New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ–PA Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA Combined Statistical Area. West Point, was a site during the Revolutionary War. Originally picked because of the abnormal S-curve in the Hudson at this point, it was founded by military engineer and it was manned by a small garrison of Continental soldiers through the entirety of the war. A great iron chain was laid across the Hudson at this point in order to impede British Navy vessels, the site comprised multiple redoubts, including Fort Putnam, which is still preserved in a Revolutionary-period design. However, Arnolds plot failed when British Major John André was captured as a spy by the Americans, arnold received a decreased cash reward of £6,000 but was commissioned as a Brigadier General in the British Army. The United States Military Academy was established at West Point in 1802 and has the longest continuous service of any United States military installation and is the nations oldest service academy. In 1937, the West Point Bullion Depository was constructed, in 1988, it became the West Point Mint, West Point is located at 41° 23′ N 73°58 W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 25.1 square miles,24.3 sq mi land and 0.7 sq mi water. West Point and the village of Highland Falls, New York, are on the west bank of the Hudson River. West Point lies in the transition between the continental and humid subtropical zones, although lying closer to the former, with four distinct seasons. Summers are hot and humid, while winters are cold with moderate snowfall. The monthly daily average ranges from 27.5 °F in January to 74.1 °F in July, on average, temperatures reaching 90 °F or 0 °F occur on 17 and 1.4 days of the year. Extremes in temperature range from 106 °F on July 22,1926 down to −17 °F on February 9,1934, as of the census of 2010 there were 6,763 people, and 685 households residing in the CDP. The population density was 293.4 per square mile, there were 1,044 housing units at an average density of 42. 9/sq mi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 82. 31% White,9. 09% African American,0. 50% Native American,3. 35% Asian,0. 15% Pacific Islander,1. 64% from other races, and 2. 96% from two or more races
4.
Dickinson College
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Dickinson College is a private, residential liberal arts college in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, United States. They donated much of their personal libraries to the new college. With over 250 full-time faculty members and an enrollment of nearly 2,400 students, Dickinson has been recognized for its innovative curriculum and its approach to global education has received national recognition from the American Council on Education and NAFSA, Association of International Educators. The college was among six institutions profiled in depth in 2003 by NAFSA for Outstanding Campus Internationalization, in 2010, Dickinson received The Climate Leadership Award from the organization Second Nature for innovative and advanced leadership in education for sustainability…. Typically, Dickinson receives approximately 6,000 applications for its 615 spaces, upon successful completion of both portions of the program, students receive the B. S. degree from Dickinson in their chosen field and the B. S. in engineering from the engineering school. The Dickinson School of Law is located adjacent to the campus and was founded as its law department. It received an independent charter in 1890 and ended all affiliation with the college in 1917, in 2000 the Law School merged with the Pennsylvania State University. The Carlisle Grammar School was founded in 1773 as a frontier Latin school for males in western Pennsylvania. Within years Carlisles elite, especially James Wilson and John Montgomery, were pushing for development of the school as a college, as their conversation about founding a frontier college in Carlisle took place on his porch, Binghams Porch was long a rallying cry at Dickinson. Rush intended to name the college after the President of Pennsylvania John Dickinson and his wife Mary Norris Dickinson, proposing John, the Dickinsons had given the new college an extensive library which they jointly owned, one of the largest libraries in the colonies. The name Dickinson College was chosen instead, when founded, its location west of the Susquehanna River made it the westernmost college in the United States. For the first meeting of the trustees, held in April 1784, the trustees selected Dr. Charles Nisbet D. D. A Scottish minister and scholar, to serve as the Colleges first president and he arrived and began to serve on July 4,1785, serving until his unexpected death in 1804. A combination of financial troubles and faculty led to a college closing from 1816 to 1821. In 1832, when the trustees were unable to resolve a faculty curriculum dispute, the law school dates to 1833. It became a separate school 1890, although the law school, the law school is now affiliated with the Pennsylvania State University. Among the 18th-century graduates of Dickinson were Robert Cooper Grier and Roger Brooke Taney, who later became U. S. Supreme Court justices, during the 19th century, two noted Dickinson College alumni had prominent roles in the years leading up to the Civil War. They were James Buchanan, the 15th President of the United States, Taney led the Supreme Court in its ruling on the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision, which held that Congress could not prohibit slavery in federal territories, overturning the Missouri Compromise
5.
Franklin Field
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Franklin Field is the home of the Penn Relays, and is the University of Pennsylvanias stadium for football, lacrosse and formerly for soccer, field hockey and baseball. It is also used by Penn students for recreation, and for intramural and club sports, including football and cricket. It is located in Philadelphia, at the edge of Penns campus. It was formerly the field of the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League. Franklin Field was built for $100,000 and dedicated on April 20,1895, deemed by the NCAA as the oldest stadium still operating for football, it was the site of the nations first scoreboard in 1895. Its location was given as 37th and Spruce. Permanent Franklin Field construction did not begin until after the turn of the century, weightman Hall gymnasium, the stadium, and permanent grandstands were designed by architect Frank Miles Day & Brother and were erected from 1903 to 1905 at a cost of $500,000. The field was 714 feet long and 443 feet wide, the site featured a ¼-mile track, a football field, and a baseball diamond. Beneath the stands were indoor tracks and indoor training facilities, plans called for a new train station called Union Station which would feature a Pennsylvania Railroad stop and a stop on a proposed elevated subway line connected to the Market–Frankford Line. Architecture firm Koronski & Cameron created a rendering but plans quickly collapsed, five years later, it was decided instead to expand Franklin Field. The current stadium structure was built in the 1920s, designed by Day & Klauder, after the wooden bleachers were torn down. The lower tier was erected in 1922, the old wood stands were razed immediately following the Penn Relays and the new concrete lower tier and seating for 50,000 were built. The second tier was added in 1925, again designed by Day & Klauder, the first football radio broadcast originated from Franklin Field in 1922. It was carried by Philadelphia station WIP and this claim is pre-empted by an earlier live radio broadcast emanating from Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, on October 8,1921, a full year before Franklin Fields claim to fame. Harold W. Arlin announced the live broadcast of the Pitt-West Virginia football game on October 8,1921, the first commercial football television broadcast in 1939 also came from Franklin Field. In the universitys football heyday — when Penn led the nation in attendance — the 65, today, Franklin Field, named after Penns founder, Benjamin Franklin, seats 52,958. Franklin Field switched from grass to AstroTurf in 1969 and it was the first National Football League stadium to use artificial turf. The stadiums fifth AstroTurf surface was installed in 1993, the current Sprinturf field replaced the AstroTurf in 2004
6.
Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland
7.
Michie Stadium
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Michie Stadium /ˈmaɪki/ is an outdoor football stadium on the campus of the U. S. Military Academy in West Point, New York, the home field for the Army Black Knights, it opened 93 years ago in 1924 and has a current seating capacity of 38,000. The stadium sits at the portion of campus, directly west of Lusk Reservoir. The field is at an elevation of 335 feet above sea level and runs in the traditional north-south configuration, with the press box above the west sideline. Due to the view offered by its location overlooking the Hudson River, Michie Stadium is dedicated to the memory of Dennis Michie, who was instrumental in starting the football program while a cadet at the Academy. A member of the Class of 1892, Michie organized, managed, six years after graduation, he was killed in Cuba during the Spanish–American War. There have been several renovations since the stadiums first game in October 1924, in 1999, the football field at Michie Stadium was named Blaik Field on September 25, in honor of Earl Red Blaik, the head coach at West Point from 1941 to 1958. Blaik led Army to three national titles from 1944 to 1946. Since 2008, the surface has been FieldTurf. This replaced AstroPlay, which had used since 2001. The stadiums playing field was natural grass until AstroTurf was installed in 1977, Michie Stadium has hosted the Army–Navy Game only once, in 1943 during World War II, after it was played at Thompson Stadium at Annapolis the year before. Their rivalry game is played at a neutral site between the campuses on the East Coast, usually in Philadelphia in early December. Go Army Sports. com - official USMA athletics site - Michie stadium World Stadiums. com - photos - Michie Stadium
8.
Walter Camp
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Walter Chauncey Camp was an American football player, coach, and sports writer known as the Father of American Football. Among a long list of inventions, he created the line of scrimmage. With John Heisman, Amos Alonzo Stagg, Pop Warner, Fielding H. Yost and he attended Yale College, where he played and coached college football. Camps Yale teams of 1888,1891, and 1892 have been recognized as national champions, Camp was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1951. Camp wrote articles and books on the gridiron and sports in general, by the time of his death, he had written nearly 30 books and more than 250 magazine articles. Camp was born in the city of New Britain, Connecticut, Walter Camp was of English descent. He attended Hopkins Grammar School in New Haven, entered Yale College in 1875, at Yale he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, the Linonian Society, and Skull and Bones. He attended Yale Medical School from 1880 to 1883, where his studies were interrupted first by an outbreak of typhoid fever, in 1873, he attended a meeting where representatives from Columbia, Rutgers, Princeton, and Yale universities created the intercollegiate football association. They created the rule that each team is only allowed 15 plays per drive and he played as a halfback at Yale from 1876 to 1882. Harvard player Nathaniel Curtis took one look at Camp, then only 156 pounds and he worked for the New Haven Clock Company beginning in 1883, working his way up to chairman of the board of directors. On June 30,1888, Camp married Alice Graham Sumner, sister of sociologist William Graham Sumner and they had two children, Walter Camp, Jr. who attended Yale as well and was elected as a member of Scroll and Key in 1912, and Janet Camp Troxell. Camp served as the football coach at Yale from 1888 to 1892 before moving to Stanford University. On Christmas 1894, he and Amos Alonzo Staggs Chicago Maroons organized an early intersectional contest, Camp was on the various collegiate football rules committees that developed the American game from his time as a player at Yale until his death. English Rugby rules at the time required a player, when the ball was fairly held. College Football 1880 rules convention that the contested scrimmage be replaced with a line of scrimmage where the team with the ball started with uncontested possession and this change effectively created the evolution of the modern game of American football from its rugby football origins. This is significant as rugby union has no point value award for this action, the NCAA emerged from the national talks, but worked to Yales disadvantage relative to rival Harvard, according to Branch. By the time of his death, he had written nearly 30 books and his stories also appeared in major daily newspapers throughout the United States. He also selected an annual All-American team, by the age of 33, twelve years after graduating from Yale, Walter Camp had already become known as the Father of Football
9.
1903 College Football All-America Team
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The 1903 College Football All-America team is composed of various organizations that chose College Football All-America Teams that season. The organizations and individuals that chose the teams included Colliers Weekly selected by Walter Camp, Caspar Whitney for Outing magazine, Charles Chadwick and Fielding H. Yost. The only three consensus All-Americans from schools outside the Ivy League were tackle Fred Schacht of Minnesota, quarterback James Johnson of Carlisle, hooper, who was a freshman in 1903, died three months after the football season ended, following an attack of appendicitis. In 2008, Sports Illustrated sought to answer the question, Who would have won the Heisman from 1900-1934 and its selection for 1903 was Willie Heston of Michigan described as the nations finest back
10.
Commander-in-Chief's Trophy
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The Commander-in-Chiefs Trophy is awarded to each seasons winner of the American college football triangular series among the teams of the U. S. Military Academy, the U. S. Naval Academy, and U. S. Air Force Academy. The Navy–Air Force game is played on the first Saturday in October, the Army–Air Force game on the first Saturday in November. In the event of a tie, the award is shared, along with the Florida Cup, the Michigan MAC Trophy, and the Beehive Boot, the Commander-in-Chiefs Trophy is one of the few three-way rivalries that awards a trophy to the winner. Through 2016, the Air Force Falcons hold the most trophy victories at 20, the Army Black Knights trail with only six, their last came 21 years ago in 1996. The trophy has been shared on four occasions, last in 1993, prior to 1972, Air Force played Army in odd years and Navy in even years. The Commander-in-Chiefs trophy was the brainchild of Air Force General George B, first awarded in 1972 by President Richard Nixon, the trophy itself is jointly sponsored by the alumni associations of the three academies. The trophy is named for the U. S. President, the President has personally awarded the trophy on a number of occasions. During the 1980s, for instance, President Ronald Reagan presented the award in an annual White House ceremony, in 1996, President Bill Clinton presented the trophy to the last winning Army team at Veterans Stadium after the Army–Navy Game. From 2003 to 2007, President George W. Bush presented the trophy to Navy teams at ceremonies in the White House. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the winner of the trophy, if eligible, was granted an invitation to the Liberty Bowl in Memphis. Navy was the first to five wins in 1981, while Army won its fifth in 1988, Air Force has led since their win in 1990, and dominated through 2002, with sixteen wins to Armys six. Winless in the series for two decades, Navy reeled off seven consecutive sweeps from 2003 through 2009 to draw close. In the annual series, Air Force plays a home game, Army–Navy is a neutral site game, usually in a major eastern city and most frequently in Philadelphia, it was last played on campus in 1942 and 1943, during World War II travel restrictions. The other two federal service academies – the U. S. Coast Guard Academy and U. S, Merchant Marine Academy – do not participate in this competition. The Coast Guard Bears and Merchant Marine Mariners have a football rivalry for the Secretaries Cup. The trophy itself stands 2.5 feet high and weighs a hefty 170 lb, the design consists of three silver footballs in a pyramid-like arrangement, set on a circular base, with three arc-shaped sections cut out — one for each academy. In each of the cut-out areas stands a silver figurine of the mascot of one of the academies, in front of small, beneath each of the three silver footballs is the crest of one of the three academies
