1.
Boston Red Sox
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The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball as a club of the American League East division. The Red Sox have won eight World Series championships and have played in 13, founded in 1901 as one of the American Leagues eight charter franchises, the Red Sox home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912. The Red Sox name was chosen by the owner, John I. Taylor, around 1908, following the lead of previous teams that had known as the Boston Red Stockings. Boston was a dominant team in the new league, defeating the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series in 1903 and winning four more championships by 1918. Following their victory in the 2013 World Series, they became the first team to win three World Series trophies in the 21st century, including championships in 2004 and 2007. Red Sox history has also marked by the teams intense rivalry with the Yankees. The Boston Red Sox are owned by Fenway Sports Group, which owns the Liverpool F. C. of the Premier League in England. The Red Sox are consistently one of the top MLB teams in road attendance. From May 15,2003 to April 10,2013, the Red Sox sold out every home game—a total of 820 games for a professional sports record. Neil Diamonds Sweet Caroline has become an anthem for the Red Sox, the name Red Sox, chosen by owner John I. Taylor after the 1907 season, refers to the red hose in the team uniform beginning 1908. Sox had been adopted for the Chicago White Sox by newspapers needing a headline-friendly form of Stockings. The team name Red Sox had previously used as early as 1888 by a colored team from Norfolk. The Spanish language media sometimes refers to the team as Medias Rojas, the official Spanish site uses the variant Los Red Sox. The Red Stockings nickname was first used by a team by the Cincinnati Red Stockings. Managed by Harry Wright, Cincinnati adopted a uniform with white knickers and red stockings and earned the famous nickname, the Boston Red Stockings won four championships in the five seasons of the new National Association, the first professional league. Other names were used before Boston officially adopted the nickname Braves in 1912
2.
Jimmy Collins
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James Joseph Collins was an American professional baseball player. He played fourteen seasons in Major League Baseball, Collins was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945. Collins was especially regarded for his defense, as of 2012, he is second all-time in putouts by a third baseman behind Brooks Robinson. At the plate, Collins finished his career with 65 home runs,1055 runs scored,983 RBI, Collins was also the first manager of the Boston Red Sox franchise, then known as the Boston Americans. He was the manager in the first-ever World Series, as Boston defeated the Pittsburg Pirates in the 1903 World Series. Jimmy Collins was born in Niagara Falls, New York, after graduating St. Josephs Collegiate Institute he went to work for the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad and played baseball in the Buffalo City League. Collins began his baseball career with the minor league Buffalo Bisons of the Eastern League. That season, he was used primarily as a shortstop, batting.286 in 76 games, in 1894, Collins was moved to the outfield by the Bisons. He batted.352 with nine runs in 125 games. Collins began his league career as a right fielder, playing ten games at the position with the Beaneaters in 1895. On May 19, he was loaned to the Louisville Colonels and he was soon made the teams starting third baseman, batting.279 over the remainder of the season. However, his impact was on defense, where he played in on the grass rather than back to cut down on the number of bunt hits. Collins was returned to the Beaneaters after the 1895 season, joe Harrington was the clubs starting third baseman at the beginning of the season, but Collins soon asserted himself as the starter, and Harrington was released in July. Collins asserted himself as a player in 1897 when he held a.346 batting average. He led the league in putouts and assists as well, a feat he would duplicate in 1900. He followed with an equally impressive 1898 season, in which he hit. 328—seventh in the league—drove in 111 runs and belted a league-high 15 home runs. Following the 1900 season, Collins, who was by now regarded as the best third baseman in the game, was offered the job with the Boston Americans of the new American League. He accepted the job, which came with a salary of $5,500, a $3,500 signing bonus, in 1902, Collins was limited to 108 games by injury, and the Americans finished third
3.
Pittsburgh Pirates
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The Pittsburgh Pirates are an American professional baseball team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Pirates compete in Major League Baseball as a club of the National League Central division. Founded on October 15,1881 as Allegheny, the franchise has won five World Series championships, the Pirates are also often referred to as the Bucs or the Buccos. They also won the 1971 World Series, led by the talent of Roberto Clemente, overall, the Pirates have won five World Series and lost two. They would then advance to the NL Division Series round, where they lost in 5 games to the St. Louis Cardinals, the Pirates would continue their success and make the playoffs in both 2014 and 2015, losing in the Wild Card Game both times. Professional baseball has been played in the Pittsburgh area since 1876, the teams of the era were independents, barnstorming throughout the region and not affiliated with any organized league, though they did have salaries and were run as business organizations. On October 15,1881, the strongest team in the joined the American Association as a founding member to begin play in 1882. Their various home fields in the 19th century were in a city called Allegheny City. After five mediocre seasons in the A. A, Pittsburgh became the first A. A. team to switch to the older National League in 1887. At this time, the team renamed itself the Pittsburgh Alleghenys, at that time, owner-manager Horace Phillips sold the team to Dennis McKnight, Phillips stayed on as manager. Before the 1890 season, nearly all of the Alleghenys best players bolted to the Players Leagues Pittsburgh Burghers, the Players League collapsed after the season, and the players were allowed to go back to their old clubs. However, the Alleghenys also scooped up highly regarded second baseman Lou Bierbauer, although the Athletics had failed to include Bierbauer on their reserve list, they loudly protested the Alleghenys move. In an official complaint, an AA official claimed the Alleghenys signing of Bierbauer was piratical and this incident quickly accelerated into a schism between the leagues that contributed to the demise of the A. A. Although the Alleghenys were never found guilty of wrongdoing, they made sport of being denounced for being piratical by renaming themselves the Pirates for the 1891 season, the nickname was first acknowledged on the teams uniforms in 1912. The Pirates were a team in the early 1900s, winning National League pennants from 1901–1903. They again won the NL in 1925 and 1927 and the World Series in 1925, after a slow period, they returned to dominance and won the 1960 World Series,1971 World Series and 1979 World Series. They won Eastern Division titles from 1990–1992 but did not return to the post-season after that until 2013, on Opening Day 2015 the Pirates loss to the Cincinnati Reds represented its 10, 000th franchise loss since moving to the NL. This made the Pirates the fourth MLB team to achieve distinction, following the Philadelphia Phillies, Atlanta Braves
4.
Fred Clarke
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Fred Clifford Clarke was a Major League Baseball player from 1894 to 1915 and manager from 1897 to 1915. A Hall of Famer, Clarke played for and managed both the Louisville Colonels and Pittsburgh Pirates and he was a left fielder and left-handed batter. Of the nine pennants in Pittsburgh franchise history, Clarke was the player-manager for four of them and he and fellow Hall of Famers Honus Wagner and Vic Willis led Pittsburgh to a victory over Ty Cobb and the Detroit Tigers in the 1909 World Series. Clarke batted over.300 in 11 different seasons and his 35-game hitting streak in 1895 was the second-longest in Major League history at the time and is still tied for 11th-longest. For six years, Clarke held the Major League record for wins by a manager, Fred Clarke was born on a farm near Winterset, Iowa. At age two, his family moved as part of a covered wagon caravan from Iowa to Kansas before relocating to Des Moines, Iowa, five years later. As a child in Des Moines, Clarke sold newspapers for the Iowa State Register where his boss was future Baseball Hall of Fame member, Ed Barrow. In 1892, a team in Hastings, Nebraska sent a railroad ticket to Des Moines semiprofessional player, Byron McKibbon. Clarke impressed the Hastings team and he signed his first professional contract and he was in the Southern League at age 21 and played for teams in Montgomery, Alabama, and Savannah, Georgia. Clarke was discovered in the leagues by Louisville part-owner, Barney Dreyfuss. In his first game, he collected five hits in five at bats which is still a Major League record, in his second season, he asserted himself with a batting average of.347,191 hits and 96 runs which were all best on the team by far. In 1897, Clarke took over managerial duties while only 24 years old, as a player, he hit a career high.390. Only the best average of Willie Keelers career stopped Clarke from winning his only batting title, despite Clarkes excellent hitting and the presence of fellow Hall of Famers Honus Wagner and Rube Waddell, the team struggled for several years. While in Louisville, Clarke was teamed up with pitcher Chick Fraser, Clarke and Fraser became brothers-in-law when they married sisters. When the Colonels folded, Barney Dreyfuss became the owner of the Pittsburgh franchise and tapped Clarke, Wagner, Waddell, Deacon Phillippe, in 1900, Clarke joined the Pittsburgh Pirates as a player and manager, roles he would embrace until his retirement in 1915. 1903 was arguably the best hitting season of Clarkes career as he led the Major Leagues in slugging average and OPS and he finished second only to his teammate, Honus Wagner, for the National League batting title. In the first World Series, Clarke hit.265 but Bostons Cy Young and Bill Dinneen outpitched Pittsburgh overall and won the series in eight games. In the 1909 World Series, Clarke batted only.211, Clarke also set a record for most walks for one player in a World Series game with four in Game 7
5.
Hank O'Day
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Henry M. Hank ODay, nicknamed The Reverend, was an American right-handed pitcher and later an umpire and manager in Major League Baseball. After a seven-year major league playing career, he worked as a National League umpire for 30 seasons between 1895 and 1927. ODay umpired in ten World Series – second only to Bill Klems total of 18 – including five of the first seven played, and was behind the plate for the first modern World Series game in 1903. His 3,986 total games as an umpire ranked third in league history when he retired. He is largely known for his decision in a pivotal 1908 game. ODay interrupted his umpiring career twice for single seasons as a manager, leading the Cincinnati Reds in 1912 and he remains the only person ever to serve full seasons in the NL as a player, manager and umpire. ODay was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in July 2013, ODay was born in Chicago, the son of railroad engineer James ODay and his wife Margaret, who were immigrants from Ireland and were both deaf. The couple had at least seven children, Daniel, James Jr. Catherine, Henry, Margaret, Mary McNamara, the ODays originally settled in Buffalo, New York, by the mid-1850s, they had moved to Cincinnati, and they relocated to Chicago around 1858. Jackson Street, which remained the residence until the early 20th century. ODay worked as a fitter in Chicago before entering organized baseball. With Toledo, he played alongside Fleet Walker, the first African American to play in the major leagues, ODay made his major league debut on May 2,1884, and served as the teams second pitcher behind Tony Mullane. However, he made only 13 other non-pitching appearances in the field in later years, in 1885, he split playing time with the Pittsburgh Alleghenys of the AA and the Washington Nationals of the Eastern League. ODay had a record of 5–7 for the Alleghenys, his time was limited because he was caring for his sick father. He made only five starts after May 11, and left the team for the last time after his July 6 start, in the meantime, the Chicago White Stockings had opened West Side Park on June 6, less than a mile and a half from the ODay residence. In 15 games with Washington in the Eastern League, he had a record of 13–2, on September 5 of that year, his younger brother Joseph died at age 15 from injuries he had suffered two days earlier after falling from the front car of a roller coaster. At the end of the season, the Nationals folded, and ODay joined a Louisville ball club, ODay spent most of 1886 with the Savannah team in the Southern Association, and during his time there he was considered a favorite among other players. In 39 games with Savannah, ODay won 26 games, lost 11, late in the year, he joined the Washington Nationals, where he posted a 2-2 record in six games. ODay became a starter for the Nationals in 1887
6.
Tom Connolly
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Thomas Henry Connolly was an English-American umpire in Major League Baseball. He officiated in the National League from 1898 to 1900, followed by 31 years of service in the American League from 1901 to 1931, Connolly was born in Manchester, England, and played cricket as a boy. He immersed himself in the book, and within a few years was umpiring for local games. While working in YMCA games, he was discovered by major league umpire Tim Hurst, who obtained a position for Connolly in the New England League, where he umpired from 1894 to 1897. Connolly had the privilege of umpiring, as its sole arbiter, during the ensuing argument, Connolly was struck in the mouth by a bottle thrown by a spectator. His reputation earned him prominent game assignments, including the first AL games ever played at Comiskey Park, Shibe Park, Fenway Park, Connolly was also the sole AL umpire chosen to work in the first World Series in 1903. In his career, Connolly worked in an AL-record eight World Series,1903,1908,1910,1911,1913,1916,1920 and 1924. He was also the plate umpire for Addie Joss perfect game on October 2,1908, one of four no-hitters in which he called balls. Connolly was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953, Connolly and Klem are the only two umpires in history to have worked in five decades, Connollys record of 31 years umpiring American League games was broken by Larry Barnett in 1999. Connolly died at age 90 in Natick, Massachusetts
7.
Cy Young
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Denton True Cy Young was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. During his 22-season baseball career, he pitched for five different teams, Young established numerous pitching records, some of which have stood for a century. Young compiled 511 wins, which is most in Major League history and 94 ahead of Walter Johnson, Young was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1937. One year after Youngs death, the Cy Young Award was created to honor the previous seasons best pitcher, in addition to wins, Young still holds the major league records for most career innings pitched, most career games started, and most complete games. He also retired with 316 losses, the most in MLB history, Youngs 76 career shutouts are fourth all-time. He also won at least 30 games in a five times. In addition, Young pitched three no-hitters, including the perfect game in baseball history, first in baseballs modern era. In 1999,88 years after his major league appearance and 44 years after his death. That same year, baseball fans named him to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team, Youngs career started in 1890 with the Cleveland Spiders. After eight years with the Spiders, Young was moved to St. Louis in 1899, after two years there, Young jumped to the newly created American League, joining the Boston franchise. He was traded back to Cleveland in 1909, before spending the two months of his career with the Boston Rustlers. After his retirement, Young went back to his farm in Ohio, Cy Young was the oldest child born to McKinzie Young, Jr. and German American Nancy Mottmiller. The couple had four children, Jesse Carlton, Alonzo, Ella. When the couple married, McKinzies father gave him the 54 acres of land he owned. Young was born in Gilmore, a farming community located in Washington Township, Tuscarawas County. He was christened Denton True Young, Some sources later, and even today, list his middle name erroneously as Tecumseh, apparently as a result of being nicknamed The Chief by teammates. He was raised on one of the farms and went by the name Dent Young in his early years. Young was also known as Farmer Young and Farmboy Young, Young stopped his formal education after he completed the sixth grade so he could help out on the familys farm
8.
Honus Wagner
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Johannes Peter Honus Wagner was an American baseball shortstop who played 21 seasons in Major League Baseball from 1897 to 1917, almost entirely for the Pittsburgh Pirates. Wagner won eight batting titles, tied for the most in National League history with Tony Gwynn and he also led the league in slugging six times, and in stolen bases five times. Wagner was nicknamed The Flying Dutchman due to his superb speed and this name was a nod to the popular folk-tale made into a famous opera by another Wagner. In 1936, the Baseball Hall of Fame inducted Wagner as one of the first five members and he received the second-highest vote total, behind Ty Cobb and tied with Babe Ruth. Cobb himself called Wagner maybe the greatest star ever to take the diamond, in addition, Wagner is the featured player of one of the rarest and most valuable baseball cards in the world. Wagner was born to German immigrants Peter and Katheryn Wagner in the borough of Chartiers, in what is now Carnegie, Wagner was one of nine children. As a child, he was called Hans by his mother, Hans was also an alternate nickname during his major league career. Wagner dropped out of school at age 12 to help his father, in their free time, he and his brothers played sandlot baseball and developed their skills to such an extent that three of his brothers went on to become professionals as well. Wagners older brother, Albert Butts Wagner, who had a major league career himself, is often credited with getting Honus his first tryout. Butts persuaded his manager to take a look at his younger brother, following his brother, Wagner trained to be a barber before becoming successful in baseball. In 1916, Wagner married Bessie Baine Smith, and the couple would have three daughters, Elva Katrina, Betty Baine, and Virginia Mae, Honus brother Albert Butts Wagner was considered the ballplayer of the family. Albert suggested Honus in 1895 when his Inter-State League team was in need of help, Wagner would play for five teams in that first year, in three different leagues over the course of 80 games. In 1896 Edward Barrow, from the Wheeling, West Virginia, team that Wagner was playing on, decided to take Honus with him to his next team, the Paterson Silk Sox. Barrow proved to be a talent scout, as Wagner could play wherever he was needed. Wagner would hit.313 for Paterson in 1896 and.375 in 74 games in 1897, recognizing that Wagner should be playing at the highest level, Barrow contacted the Louisville Colonels, who had finished last in the National League in 1896 with a record of 38-93. They were doing better in 1897 when Barrow persuaded club president Barney Dreyfuss, club secretary Harry Pulliam, Pulliam, though, persuaded Dreyfuss and Clarke to take a chance on him. Wagner debuted with Louisville on July 19, and hit.338 in 61 games, by his second season, Wagner was already one of the best hitters in the National League although he came up short a percentage point from finishing the season at.300. Following the 1899 season, the NL contracted from twelve to eight teams, along with Wagner, owner Barney Dreyfuss, who had purchased half ownership in the Pirates, took many of his other top players with him to Pittsburgh
9.
World Series
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The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League champion team and the National League champion team. The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a playoff. As the series is played in October, during the season in North America. As of 2016, the World Series has been contested 112 times, with the AL winning 64, the 2016 World Series took place between the Cleveland Indians and the Chicago Cubs. Seven games were played, with the Cubs victorious after game seven, the final score was 8–7, the game went into extra innings after a tied score of 6–6. This was the third World Series won by the Cubs, as well as their first title since 1908, in the National League, the St. As of 2016, no team has won consecutive World Series championships since the New York Yankees in 1998,1999, all championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played. From 1884 to 1890, the National League and the American Association faced each other in a series of games at the end of the season to determine an overall champion. These series were disorganized in comparison to the modern World Series, the number of games played ranged from as few as three in 1884, to a high of fifteen in 1887. Both the 1885 and 1890 Series ended in ties, each team having won three games with one tie game, the series was promoted and referred to as The Championship of the United States, Worlds Championship Series, or Worlds Series for short. In his book Krakatoa, The Day the World Exploded, August 27,1883, Simon Winchester mentions in passing that the World Series was named for the New York World newspaper, but this view is disputed. Until about 1960, some sources treated the 19th-century Series on a basis with the post-19th-century series. After about 1930, however, many authorities list the start of the World Series in 1903, following the collapse of the American Association after the 1891 season, the National League was again the only major league. The league championship was awarded in 1892 by a playoff between half-season champions and this scheme was abandoned after one season. Beginning in 1893—and continuing until divisional play was introduced in 1969—the pennant was awarded to the club in the standings at the end of the season. For four seasons, 1894–1897, the league played the runners-up in the post season championship series called the Temple Cup. A second attempt at this format was the Chronicle-Telegraph Cup series, in 1901, the American League was formed as a second major league. No championship series were played in 1901 or 1902 as the National and these series were arranged by the participating clubs, as the 1880s Worlds Series matches had been
10.
1904 World Series
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In 1904, there was no World Series played between the champions of the two major leagues, the American League and the National League. The champions were the Boston Americans, who repeated their 1903 AL championship, mcGraw said his Giants were already the world champions because they were the champions of the only real major league. As early as July 5,1904, as reported in Sporting Life, at that point in the season, the Giants were comfortably on top of the NL standings, and the New York Highlanders were just 1½ games behind the Boston Americans. The American League race went down to the wire, and the Highlanders temporarily took over first place on October 7 when they defeated Boston, but the Americans won three of their four remaining games to clinch the AL pennant. Boston had defeated National League champion Pittsburgh in the 1903 World Series, the Giants maintained that the rules for the World Series were haphazardly defined. The World Series was not an event and was not governed by an authoritative body. Stung by criticism from fans and writers, Brush in January 1905 drafted rules that both leagues adopted that winter, the rules compelled the two winning clubs to participate and governed the annual determination of sites, dates, ticket prices and division of receipts. These new rules made the World Series the premier annual Major League Baseball event. Boston slumped in 1905, while New York repeated its NL championship, the Series has been played every year since except 1994, when a 232-day players strike ended the season in mid-August
11.
Major League Baseball
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Major League Baseball is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. A total of 30 teams now play in the National League and American League, the NL and AL operated as separate legal entities from 1876 and 1901 respectively. After cooperating but remaining legally separate entities since 1903, the merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball in 2000. The organization also oversees Minor League Baseball, which comprises about 240 teams affiliated with the Major League clubs, with the World Baseball Softball Confederation, MLB manages the international World Baseball Classic tournament. Baseballs first professional team was founded in Cincinnati in 1869,30 years after Abner Doubleday supposedly invented the game of baseball, the first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another. The period before 1920 in baseball was known as the dead-ball era, Baseball survived a conspiracy to fix the 1919 World Series, which came to be known as the Black Sox Scandal. The sport rose in popularity in the 1920s, and survived potential downturns during the Great Depression, shortly after the war, baseballs color barrier was broken by Jackie Robinson. The 1950s and 1960s were a time of expansion for the AL and NL, then new stadiums, Home runs dominated the game during the 1990s, and media reports began to discuss the use of anabolic steroids among Major League players in the mid-2000s. In 2006, an investigation produced the Mitchell Report, which implicated many players in the use of performance-enhancing substances, today, MLB is composed of thirty teams, twenty-nine in the United States and one in Canada. Baseball broadcasts are aired on television, radio, and the Internet throughout North America, MLB has the highest season attendance of any sports league in the world with more than 73 million spectators in 2015. MLB is governed by the Major League Baseball Constitution and this document has undergone several incarnations since 1875, with the most recent revisions being made in 2012. Under the direction of the Commissioner of Baseball, MLB hires and maintains the sports umpiring crews, and negotiates marketing, labor, MLB maintains a unique, controlling relationship over the sport, including most aspects of Minor League Baseball. This ruling has been weakened only slightly in subsequent years, the weakened ruling granted more stability to the owners of teams and has resulted in values increasing at double-digit rates. There were several challenges to MLBs primacy in the sport between the 1870s and the Federal League in 1916, the last attempt at a new league was the aborted Continental League in 1960. The chief executive of MLB is the commissioner, Rob Manfred, the chief operating officer is Tony Petitti. There are five other executives, president, chief officer, chief legal officer, chief financial officer. The multimedia branch of MLB, which is based in Manhattan, is MLB Advanced Media and this branch oversees MLB. com and each of the 30 teams websites. Its charter states that MLB Advanced Media holds editorial independence from the league, MLB Productions is a similarly structured wing of the league, focusing on video and traditional broadcast media
12.
American League
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The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League, is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in the United States and Canada. It developed from the Western League, a league based in the Great Lakes states. It is sometimes called the Junior Circuit because it claimed Major League status for the 1901 season,25 years after the formation of the National League. At the end of season, the American League champion plays in the World Series against the National League champion. Through 2016, American League teams have won 64 of the 112 World Series played since 1903, the 2016 American League champions are the Cleveland Indians. The New York Yankees have won 40 American League titles, the most in the history, followed by the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics. Originally a minor league known as the Western League, the American League later developed into a major league after the American Association disbanded, in its early history, the Western League struggled until 1894, when Ban Johnson became the president of the league. Johnson led the Western League into major league status and soon became the president of the newly renamed American League, babe Ruth, noted as one of the most prolific hitters in Major League Baseball history, spent the majority of his career in the American League. The American League has one notable difference versus the National League, in 1902, the Milwaukee Brewers moved to St. Louis and were renamed the St. Louis Browns. In 1902, The Cleveland Bluebirds were also renamed the Cleveland Broncos, in 1903, the Broncos were renamed the Cleveland Naps. In 1915, the Naps were renamed the Cleveland Indians, in 1903, the Baltimore Orioles moved to New York and were renamed the New York Highlanders. In 1913, the Highlanders were renamed the New York Yankees, in 1904, the Chicago White Stockings were renamed the Chicago White Sox. In 1908, the Boston Americans were renamed the Boston Red Sox, in 1954, the St. Louis Browns moved to Baltimore and were renamed as the Baltimore Orioles. In 1955, the Philadelphia Athletics moved to Kansas City and were renamed as the Kansas City Athletics, in 1961, the league expanded and added two teams as the Los Angeles Angels and the Washington Senators, expanding the league to 10 teams. The original Senators team moved to Minneapolis/St, Paul in 1961 and were renamed as the Minnesota Twins. The Angels team name changed to the California Angels in 1966, then to the Anaheim Angels in 1997, the Kansas City Royals and the Seattle Pilots were added to the American League, expanding the league to 12 teams. In 1970, the Seattle Pilots moved to Milwaukee and were renamed the Milwaukee Brewers, in 1972, the Washington Senators relocated to the Dallas/Fort Worth area and were renamed the Texas Rangers. In 1977, the league expanded to fourteen teams, when the Seattle Mariners, in 1998, the Tampa Bay Rays was added to the American League and at the same time, the Milwaukee Brewers were switched to the National League, leaving the American League with 14 teams
13.
National League
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Both leagues currently have 15 teams. The two league champions of 1903 arranged to compete against each other in the inaugural World Series, after the 1904 champions failed to reach a similar agreement, the two leagues formalized the World Series as an arrangement between the leagues. National League teams have won 48 of the 112 World Series contested from 1903 to 2016, the 2016 National League champions are the Chicago Cubs. By 1875, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players was dangerously weak, additionally, Hulbert had a problem—five of his star players were threatened with expulsion from the NAPBBP because Hulbert had signed them to his club using what were considered questionable means. Hulbert had a vested interest in creating his own league. After recruiting St. Louis privately, four western clubs met in Louisville, Kentucky, Boston Red Stockings, the dominant team in the N. A. Hartford Dark Blues from the N. A. Mutual of New York from the N. A. St. Louis Brown Stockings from the N. A, the only strong club from 1875 excluded in 1876 was a second one in Philadelphia, often called the White Stockings or Phillies. The first game in National League history was played on April 22,1876, at Philadelphias Jefferson Street Grounds, 25th & Jefferson, the new leagues authority was tested after the first season. The National League operated with six clubs during 1877 and 1878, over the next several years, various teams joined and left the struggling league. By 1880, six of the eight members had folded. The two remaining original NL franchises, Boston and Chicago, remain in operation today as the Atlanta Braves, in 1883 the New York Gothams and Philadelphia Phillies began National League play. Both teams remain in the NL today, the Phillies in their original city, the NL encountered its first strong rival organization when the American Association began play in 1882. The A. A. played in cities where the NL did not have teams, offered Sunday games and alcoholic beverages in locales where permitted, the National League and the American Association participated in a version of the World Series seven times during their ten-year coexistence. These contests were less organized than the modern Series, lasting as few as three games and as many as fifteen, with two Series ending in disputed ties, the NL won four times and the A. A. only once, in 1886. Starting with the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1887, the National League began to raid the American Association for franchises to replace NL teams that folded and this undercut the stability of the A. A. Other new leagues that rose to compete with the National League were the Union Association, the Union Association was established in 1884 and folded after playing only one season, its league champion St. Louis Maroons joining the NL. The NL suffered many defections of star players to the Players League, the Brooklyn, Chicago, Pittsburgh, and New York franchises of the NL absorbed their Players League counterparts. The labor strife of 1890 hastened the downfall of the American Association, after the 1891 season, the A. A. disbanded and merged with the NL, which became known legally for the next decade as the National League and American Association
14.
Sam Leever
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Samuel Leever, nicknamed The Goshen Schoolmaster, was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball. He spent his career with the Pittsburgh Pirates. Born in Goshen, Ohio, Leever came into baseball after a career as a schoolteacher. He won 25 games in 1903 to help the Pirates win their third consecutive National League pennant and he later went 8–1 for the 1909 Pirates, when they won their first World Series title. His lifetime ERA was 2.47 with a 194–100 record,847 strikeouts,39 shutouts,241 complete games,587 walks, Leever died at age 81 in Goshen
15.
Deacon Phillippe
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Charles Louis Deacon Phillippe was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the Louisville Colonels and the Pittsburgh Pirates. Born in Rural Retreat, Virginia to Andrew Phillippe and Jane Margaret Hackler and he one of eight children, having two brothers and five sisters. When he was three, his family moved to the Dakota Territory near the town of Athol, located in what is now the state of South Dakota, Phillippe first appeared in pro baseball with the National Leagues Louisville Colonels in 1899. He had a 21–17 record that year, which was highlighted by a no-hitter in his career game. While the Colonels disbanded after the season, before which owner Barney Dreyfuss moved a number of Louisville players, including Phillippe, to the Pirates, Phillippe won 20 games for four straight seasons as the Pirates won three straight National League pennants from 1901 to 1903. In 1900, he pitched for the Pirates in Game 3 of the Chronicle-Telegraph Cup series to determine the National League champion between the Pirates and the Brooklyn Superbas, pittsburg avoided the series sweep as Phillippe threw a six-hit shutout and the Pirates bats added 10 runs. The Pirates lost the series 3 games to 1, in 1903, Phillippe earned the honor of starting the first World Series game for the Pirates against the Boston Americans in 1903. In a complete victory, Phillippe struck out 10 batters. His five decisions in the World Series are still a record for a pitcher, to show their appreciation, Pirates fans presented him with a diamond horseshoe stickpin and team owner Barney Dreyfuss rewarded him ten shares of stock in the club. Phillippe missed half of the 1904 season due to a sore arm, however his years as an ace ended in 1908, when he suffered from another sore arm and missed nearly the entire season. Phillippe returned in 1909 to play a bit role on a Pirate team which went 110–42, in 1910, he was primarily used as a relief pitcher and had a 14–2 record. He retired after the 1911 season after making three appearances that year. In 1912, he managed the Pittsburgh Filipinos, which were named after him, the Filipinos finished in first place during the leagues inaugural season, which lasted only one month, with a 19-7 record. The team then moved to the new Federal League in 1913 and, Phillippe was widely renowned for his control. No pitcher who has debuted since 1893 has averaged fewer walks per nine innings than Phillippe, Deacon is a distant relative of actor Ryan Phillippe, who named his first son Deacon in honor of the pitcher in 2003. The spring that supplies the town water to this day in Rural Retreat. Phillippe was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame in 1982, list of Major League Baseball no-hitters Baseball-Reference Baseball Library
16.
Bill Dinneen
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Dinneen was the plate umpire for baseballs first All-Star Game. He played for the Washington Senators and Boston Braves, and the Boston Red Sox, Dinneen recorded three wins for the Red Sox over the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series in 1903. Dinneen broke the record for most strikeouts in a World Series with 11, Dinneen was born in Syracuse, New York on April 5,1876. He led the AL in losses in 1902 with 21, and led the league in saves in 1903 and 1907. In his remarkable 1904 season for the Red Sox, as they repeated as AL champions, he started 37 games, completing one of them for a total of 335 2⁄3 innings pitched. On June 12, he won a 16-inning contest by a score of 2–1 over the Browns, the game went into the final inning tied 2–2 before a wild pitch by Chesbro gave a 3–2 victory, and the flag, to Boston. On September 27,1905, Dinneen pitched a 2–0 no-hitter against the Chicago White Sox, Dinneen joined the AL umpiring staff on September 12,1909, just 17 days after his final pitching appearance with the Browns. He umpired in eight World Series, tying the AL record set by Tommy Connolly and he served as crew chief for the 1914,1926 and 1932 Series. He was also selected to work in the first All-Star game in 1933, calling balls, shore retired the runner as well as all 26 batters he faced. Dinneen had his own confrontation with Ruth in the 1922 season, on June 19, the outfielder got into an argument with the umpire, and during the next days game he again insulted the official. Bill Dinneen was one of the greatest pitchers the game ever produced and he is one of the cleanest and most honorable men baseball ever fostered. Your conduct at Cleveland on Monday was reprehensible to a great degree – shocking to every American mother who permits her boy to go to a professional game, the American League cares nothing for Ruth. The individual player means nothing to the organization, when he steps on the ball field he is subject to our control and discipline. You branded Umpire Dinneen as yellow and this is the most remarkable declaration a modern ball player has made. Dinneen stands out in the history of the game as one of the most courageous players we have ever had, if you could match up to his standard you would not be in the trough you occupy today. Coupled with your misconduct on Monday, you doubled the penalty on Tuesday and you are hereby notified of your suspension for five days without salary. It seems the period has arrived when you should allow some intelligence to creep into a mind that has plainly been warped, in addition to the no-hitter he pitched, Dinneen also called balls and strikes for five other no-hitters. He remains the only individual in major league history to pitch a no-hitter and call one as plate umpire
17.
Exposition Park (Pittsburgh)
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Exposition Park was the name given to three historic stadiums, located in what is today Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The fields were used mainly for baseball and American football from c.1879 to c. The ballparks were located on the north side of the Allegheny River in Allegheny City. The city was annexed into Pittsburgh in 1907, which became the citys North Side, due to flooding from the nearby river, the three stadiums exact locations varied somewhat. The final version of the ballpark was between the sites of Three Rivers Stadium and PNC Park. In 1903, the incarnation of Exposition Park was the first National League ballpark to host a World Series game. Named for other expositions that would be there, including horse racing and circuses. Despite its reason for construction Exposition Park II was built closer to the River, the Alleghenys played at the second incarnation of the park until they moved to Recreation Park in 1884, which was several blocks north and out of the flood plain. While the Pittsburg Pirates were playing games at Recreation Park, owners John Beemer. Lennon of the Pittsburgh Burghers constructed a park near the former site of Exposition Park I and II. Exposition Park III included a wooden grandstand around the infield. Total capacity was about 10,000 spectators, the seats faced the Allegheny River and the Point. The Burghers played at the stadium during the 1890 Players League season— both the team and leagues only season in existence, on June 10,1890, Jocko Fields of the Pittsburgh Burghers hit the first home run at Exposition Park III. The Pittsburg Pirates moved to Exposition Park the following season, on April 24,1891, Fred Carroll hit the first home run by a Pirate in the stadium. Under the management of Fred Clarke the Pirates won the National League pennant in 1901,1902, after the 1903 season, Dreyfuss and Boston Americans owner Henry Killilea organized a best of nine game series to match the two pennant winners against each other. The first World Series held three games in Boston before moving to Exposition Park with the Pirates leading the series 2–1, on October 6,1903,7,600 people attended the first World Series game in a National League stadium—the Pirates won by one run. The following day 12,000 people attended the game, forcing spectators to stand behind a rope in the outfield. The Pirates lost three of four games at Exposition Park and eventually the Series, during a July 4,1902 doubleheader against the Brooklyn Superbas, an Allegheny flood caused water to rise to thigh level in center and right fields, and about head level in deep center
18.
Allegheny, Pennsylvania
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Allegheny City is the name of a former Pennsylvania municipality now reorganized and merged into the larger community, the modern City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was annexed by Pittsburgh in 1907, the City of Allegheny was laid out in 1788 according to a plan by John Redick. The lots were sold in Philadelphia by the State government or given as payment to Revolutionary War veterans and it was incorporated as a borough in 1828 and as a city in 1840. Prior to the 1850s, most of the area was largely farmland. It was commonly referred to as Deutschtown, derived from the German word Deutsch, referring to the language and ethnicity. The annexation of Allegheny City by Pittsburgh began in 1906 and was effected in 1907 and it was approved by the United States Government in 1911. The annexation was controversial at the time, as a majority of Allegheny City residents were opposed to the merger. Previous Pennsylvania law had directed that a majority of the voters in each merging municipality had to approve an annexation agreement, in 1906, the State Assembly passed a new law that authorized annexations if a majority of the total voters in both combined municipalities approved the merger. The annexation was rejected by the residents of Allegheny City by a 2,1 margin, but was approved by more populous Pittsburgh residents. Allegheny City residents tried unsuccessfully for years to have the annexation overturned in court. The population of Pittsburgh rose from 321,616 in 1900 to 533,905 in 1910, which included the 132,283 who lived in Allegheny in 1910, when the two cities were joined, both of the old ward systems were discarded. A new ward system was established made up of 27 wards, in the new ward system, Allegheny was divided into wards 21 to 27. Its past territory is seen by viewing a map of the city wards. The Carnegie Library, the Old Post Office Building, and the Buhl Planetarium buildings were not demolished, the H. J. Heinz Company built its factory in Allegheny City, close to the Chestnut Street bridge. Heyl & Patterson Inc. a manufacturer of railcar dumpers and ship unloaders, the surviving structures are now occupied by a furniture warehouse and a bus garage. Railroad lines were built along the side of the Allegheny for the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago. When workers in Pittsburgh struck against the Pennsylvania Railroad after wage cuts in July 1877, the Teutonia Männerchor Hall in the East Allegheny neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is a building constructed in 1888. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004, the Teutonia Männerchor is a private membership club with the purpose of furthering choral singing, German cultural traditions and good fellowship
19.
1925 World Series
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In the 1925 World Series, the Pittsburgh Pirates beat the defending champion Washington Senators in seven games. The Senators built up a 3–1 Series lead, after Pittsburgh won the next two games, Johnson again took the mound for Game 7, and carried a 6–4 lead into the bottom of the seventh inning. Peckinpaugh, the Senators regular shortstop and the 1925 American League Most Valuable Player, had a tough Series in the field, playing conditions were of no help. The 1925 Series was postponed due to poor weather, and Game 7 was played in what soon became a steady downpour. In the next days New York Times, James Harrison wrote In a grave of mud was buried Walter Johnsons ambition to join the panel of pitchers who have won three victories in one World Series. A memorable play occurred during the eighth inning of Game 3, the Senators Sam Rice ran after an Earl Smith line drive hit into right center field. Rice made a diving catch into the stands, but did not emerge with the ball for approximately fifteen seconds. The Pirates contested the play, saying a fan probably stuffed the ball into Rices glove, the call stood and Rice parried questions about the incident for the rest of his life—never explicitly saying whether he had or had not really made the catch. His typical answer was always The umpire said I caught it, Rice left a sealed letter at the Hall of Fame to be opened after his death. In it, he had written, At no time did I lose possession of the ball, writer Lamont Buchanan wrote, In 1925, the Senators hopped the Big Train once too often. Earning Bucky the criticism of many fans and American League head Johnson who dispatched an irate wire to the Senators manager, in his telegram, Ban Johnson accused the manager of failing to relieve Walter Johnson for sentimental reasons. Despite the second-guessing, Harris always said, If I had it to do over again and they have lost their last fourteen since. Thursday, October 8,1925, at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Saturday, October 10,1925, at Griffith Stadium in Washington, sunday, October 11,1925, at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D. C. Monday, October 12,1925, at Griffith Stadium in Washington, the World Series, Complete Play-By-Play of Every Game, 1903–1989. Archived from the original on 2008
20.
1979 World Series
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The Pirates were famous for adopting Sister Sledges hit anthem We Are Family as their theme song. Grant Jackson pitched for the Orioles in the 1971 series and for the Pirates in the 1979 series, in this Series, it was the American League teams turn to play by National League rules, meaning no designated hitter and the Orioles pitchers would have to bat. Willie Stargell, the series MVP, hit.400 with a record seven extra-base hits and matched Reggie Jacksons record of 25 total bases, set in 1977. The 1979 Pirates were the last team to win Game 7 of a World Series on the road until the San Francisco Giants defeated the Royals in Kansas City to win Game 7 of the 2014 Series. New York repeated the feat in 1986, as did the New England area in the 2004 season and these same two teams met at the beginning of the decade, in 1971. Earl Weavers Orioles had won the first two games of that only to lose to Danny Murtaughs Pirates in seven. This time Pittsburgh manager Chuck Tanner was looking to win a Series of his own, gone were the likes of slugger Boog Powell and defensive wizard Brooks Robinson—shortstop Mark Belanger and pitcher Jim Palmer were the only two remaining players from the 1971 roster. A young Steady Eddie Murray was a staple at first-base and an emerging superstar, the only other real star hitter on the team was right-fielder Ken Singleton who set career highs in home runs,35, and runs batted in,111, in the regular season. Center fielder Al Bumbry provided the speed,37 swipes, and outfielder Gary Roenicke, the talented pitching staff was captained by veteran catcher Rick Dempsey. The starters were led by 1979 Cy Young Award winner, Mike Flanagan, Scott McGregor, Steve Stone, the bullpen helped with 30 wins against only 13 losses led by Don Stanhouse and Tippy Martinez. The Orioles won the American League East rather easily, finishing eight games ahead of the second place Milwaukee Brewers, on the other hand, these Pittsburgh Pirates struggled early in the season eventually winning the National League East by just two games over the Montreal Expos. Only after getting infielders, Tim Foli and Bill Madlock, did the Pirates start winning consistently, the great Roberto Clemente had inspired the 1971 team toward the title and the key ingredient to this team was his successor and spiritual leader, 38-year-old Willie Pops Stargell. The Bucs lineup featured the National League leader in bases, Omar Moreno with 77, team runs batted in leader, Dave Parker with 98. Madlock would add two more batting titles in 1981 and 1983, the pitching staff was a ragtag bunch led by the Candy-Man, John Candelarias fourteen wins with five other pitchers winning ten or more games. The tall and lean Kent Tekulve had 31 saves, good for second in the league, Pops Stargell would hit three home runs in this series becoming the oldest player to win both the regular season MVP and the World Series MVP. His Family would persevere after losing three out of the first four games, giving Earl Weaver and his Orioles a déjà vu nightmare when the Bucs came back to win in seven games. NL Pittsburgh Pirates vs. AL Baltimore Orioles Game 1 was originally scheduled for Tuesday October 9 but was postponed due to a mix of rain. When it was played the night, the first-pitch temperature of 41°F was the coldest in the history of the Fall Classic until it was eclipsed 18 years later in Game 4 of the 1997 World Series
21.
Baltimore Orioles
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The Baltimore Orioles are an American professional baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland. The Orioles compete in Major League Baseball as a member of the American League East division, Louis, Missouri to become the St. Louis Browns. After 52 often-beleaguered years in St. Louis, the franchise was purchased in November 1953 by Baltimore business interests led by Clarence Miles, the franchise officially moved to Baltimore for the 1954 season and adopted the historic Orioles name in honor of the official state bird of Maryland. The Orioles name had also used by several previous major and minor league baseball clubs in Baltimore. Nicknames for the team include the Os and the Birds, the Orioles experienced their greatest success from 1966 to 1983, when they made six World Series appearances, winning three of them. The franchise has won a total of nine division championships, six pennants. The Orioles are also known for their successful stadium, the trend-setting Oriole Park at Camden Yards. The modern Orioles franchise can trace its roots back to the original Milwaukee Brewers of the minor Western League, the Brewers were there when the WL renamed itself the American League in 1900. At the end of the 1900 season, the American League removed itself from baseballs National Agreement, two months later, the AL declared itself a competing major league. As a result of several shifts, the Brewers were one of only two Western League teams that didnt fold, move or get kicked out of the league. In its first game in the American League, the team lost to the Detroit Tigers 14–13 after blowing a lead in the 9th inning. To this day, it is a league record for the biggest deficit overcome that late in the game. During the first American League season in 1901, they finished last with a record of 48–89 and its lone Major League season, the team played at Lloyd Street Grounds, between 16th and 18th Streets in Milwaukee. The Miles-Krieger -Hoffberger group renamed their new team the Baltimore Orioles soon after taking control of the franchise, the name has a rich history in Baltimore, having been used by a National League team in the 1890s. In 1901, Baltimore and McGraw were awarded a franchise in the growing American League. After a battle with Ban Johnson, the Head of the American League in 1902, McGraw took many of the top players including Dan McGann, Roger Bresnahan and Joe McGinnity to the New York Giants. As an affront to Johnson, McGraw kept the black and orange colors of the New York Giants, which San Francisco wears to this day. In 1903, the rest of the team was transferred to New York where they were nicknamed the Highlanders until circa 1912, as a member of the high-minor league level International League, the Orioles competed at what is now known as the AAA level from 1903 to 1953
22.
Royal Rooters
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The original Royal Rooters were a fan club for the Boston Americans, which in 1908 changed its name to the Boston Red Sox, in the early 20th century. They were led by Michael T. McGreevy, who owned a Boston saloon called 3rd Base, other members included C. J. Lavis, L. Watson, T. S. Dooley, J. Kennan, and W. Cahill, among others. Their theme song was Tessie from the Broadway musical The Silver Slipper, though the musical ran for less than six months, the song has gone down in history. The original Rooters disbanded in 1918 and their spirit lives on via the current version of the Royal Rooters represented within a group known as Royal Rooters of Red Sox Nation. The current Rooters are based in the Boston area and meet informally for Red Sox games as well as for outings in various locations around the country, there is a fairly large contingent in New York City, and their base has been the Riviera Café in the West Village. The current members of Red Sox Nation kept in touch most often through a website, Redsoxnation. net. The combination message board, fan forum, and blog had several thousand members, on game days the Royal Rooters marched in procession from the 3rd Base Saloon to the Huntington Avenue Grounds, which was the team’s home field before Fenway Park opened in 1912. The Rooters had a section of seats along the third base line, close enough to the field to intimidate or distract opposing players with their insults. The 1912 World Series went down in Rooter history, the Rooter’s seats on “Duffy’s Cliff” were sold to other fans and the Rooters became angry. Mounted police were called in to stop the riot, the Rooters sang Tessie at games to encourage their Sox, while simultaneously distracting and frustrating the other team. They were especially important in the first World Series, in 1903, the Royal Rooters would go to Pittsburgh and sing Tessie to distract the opposing players, especially Honus Wagner. Therefore, after falling into a 1-3 deficit, Boston rallied to win the Series with four straight victories, the band Dropkick Murphys released a re-working of Tessie in 2004. Their version became the song of the Boston Red Sox 2004 World Series run. Their version of Tessie is still sung widely throughout Red Sox games, in 1894, “Nuf Ced” McGreevy opened his “3rd Base Saloon” in Boston. It was the place to be for ballplayers, politicians, every inch of wall space decorated with historic pictures from Nuf Ced’s own collection and memorabilia he got from friends like Cy Young. The light fixtures were made from bats used by Red Sox stars, McGreevy’s was America’s first documented sports-themed bar. In 1920 the bar was forced to close due to prohibition and he leased the saloon to the City of Boston for the “Roxbury Crossing” branch of the Boston Public library. In 1923 McGreevy donated a majority of the plethora of memorabilia, sometime between 1978 and 1981 almost twenty-five percent of the collection was stolen with no leads to this day
23.
Tessie
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Tessie is both the longtime anthem of the Boston Red Sox and a 2004 song by the punk rock group Dropkick Murphys. The original Tessie was from the 1902 Broadway musical The Silver Slipper, the newer song, written in 2004, recounts how the singing of the original Tessie by the Royal Rooters fan club helped the Boston Americans win the first World Series in 1903. The name Tessie itself is a form used with several names, including Esther, Tess. The original version of Tessie was written by Will R. Anderson and was featured in the Broadway musical The Silver Slipper, the song was about a woman singing to her beloved parakeet Tessie. Boston mayor John Honey Fitz Fitzgerald, grandfather of President John F. Kennedy, was a member of the Royal Rooters, after the first four games of the 1903 World Series, Boston was down 1-3 to the Pittsburgh Pirates. The Royal Rooters began rallying their team with every song they could think of, there are stories that the Royal Rooters actually traveled to Pittsburgh and hired a band to play Tessie to annoy the Pirates on their home field. Pittsburgh outfielder Tommy Leach credited at least part of Bostons win to that damn Tessie song and he continued, It was a real hum-dinger of a song, but it sort of got on your nerves after a while. Boston won Game 5 and went on to win Games 6,7, the chorus to the original Tessie goes, Tessie, you make me feel so badly. Tessie, you know I love you madly, babe, my heart weighs about a pound. Dont blame me if I ever doubt you, You know I wouldnt live without you, Tessie, you are the only, only, only. The fans began inventing their own lyrics to taunt the Pittsburgh players, such as, Honus, take a back seat and sit down Honus, at bat you look so sadly. Hey, why dont you get out of town, the Rooters stopped singing in 1918. The Red Sox won the World Series in 1918 but then endured an 86-year drought before winning again in 2004, in 2004, the Boston-area celtic punk group Dropkick Murphys recorded a cover of Tessie, released on an EP of the same name. The Dropkicks said it was their intent to bring back the spirit of the Rooters, the goal of the Dropkicks was realized when later that year the Boston Red Sox won their first World Series in 86 years. And the Boston Red Sox are the World Champions, for the first time in 86 years, the Red Sox have won baseballs world championship. The video game MVP Baseball 2005 features the song, proceeds from the sale of the EP went to benefit the Red Sox Foundation. Tessie is the second of three songs played after every Red Sox win at Fenway Park, the first being Dirty Water by The Standells, the third is Joy To The World by Three Dog Night. Trot Nixon used Tessie as his intro music when he played for the Red Sox
24.
Barney Dreyfuss
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Bernhard Barney Dreyfuss was an executive in Major League Baseball who owned the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise from 1900 to his death. He is often credited with the creation of the modern baseball World Series and he also built one of baseballs first modern steel and concrete baseball parks, Forbes Field, in 1909. During his period of ownership, the Pirates won six National League pennants and World Series titles in 1909 and 1925, Dreyfuss was born in Freiburg, Grand Duchy of Baden in 1865. He attended school in Freiburg and later worked in a bank in nearby Karlsruhe, at the age of 16, he emigrated in 1881 to the US to escape conscription into the German Army. At the time, his prospects of being drafted into the military was high, Dreyfusss father, Samuel Dreyfuss, was actually an American citizen since 1861, who had returned to Germany at the outbreak of the Civil War. Samuel Dreyfuss had made a fortune selling spirits to the Native Americans, once in America, Barney Dreyfuss lived and worked with the Bernheim family in Paducah, Kentucky. The Bernheims were relatives of his grandfather, Leon Bernheim, in 1888, he moved with the Bernheim family to Louisville, Kentucky. Dreyfuss arrived knowing little English, but he became a quick learner, in just a few years, he rose from being a clerk to an officer of Bernheim Brothers, the creator of I. W. Harper bourbon. Dreyfuss enjoyed the game of baseball and he fueled his interest by organizing amateur baseball teams first for the distillery workers, then semi-pro clubs around Louisville. In 1889 the distillery expanded into larger quarters of Louisville, Dreyfuss quickly used the increased profits to buy a piece of the Louisville Colonels of the American Association. The team won the pennant in 1890 against the Brooklyn Bridegrooms. However, the American Association fell apart in 1891, as a result, Dreyfuss moved the Colonels into the National League. One of his best decisions was hiring a local city editor and educated lawyer, Harry Clay Pulliam, to serve as his club secretary, when Dreyfuss immigrated to America, it was Pulliam who taught him how to speak English. However Pulliams greatest contribution to Colonels occurred when he convinced Dreyfuss to sign future Hall of Famer Honus Wagner to the team, for much of the 1890s, the Colonels were in last place in the National League. In 1899, Dreyfuss paid $50,000 to acquire ownership of the Colonels. By this time, however, the National League contracted several teams after the 1899 season, as part of the deal, he negotiated the transfer of the best Louisville players, namely Wagner, Fred Clarke, Tommy Leach, Deacon Phillippe, and Rube Waddell to Pittsburgh. The Colonels president, Harry Pulliam, also left for the Pirates with Dreyfuss, in Pittsburgh, Honus Wagner soon emerged as the National Leagues biggest star. The Pirates then won NL pennants in 1901,1902, and 1903, however a bidding war was taking place between the National League and the upstart American League
25.
Ban Johnson
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Byron Bancroft Ban Johnson was an American executive in professional baseball who served as the founder and first president of the American League. Johnson developed the AL—a descendant of the minor league Western League—into a clean alternative to the National League, to encourage a more orderly environment, Johnson strongly supported the new leagues umpires, which eventually included Hall of Famer Billy Evans. With the help of league owners and managers such as Charles Comiskey, Charles Somers and Jimmy McAleer, Johnson lured top talent to the AL, which soon rivaled the more established National League. Johnson dominated the AL until the mid-1920s, when a dispute with Baseball Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis culminated in his forced resignation as league president. Born in Norwalk, Ohio, Johnson went on to law at Marietta College. He subsequently became the editor of a newspaper in Cincinnati. During this time, Johnson befriended Charles Comiskey, who was manager of the Cincinnati Reds. At the urging of Comiskey and Reds owner John T. Brush, Johnson was elected as president of the Western League, Johnson had criticized the National League for its rowdy atmosphere, which was driving away families and women. He set about making baseball more friendly to both, contrary to the practice of the time, Johnson gave his umpires unqualified support and had little tolerance for players or managers who failed to show them due respect. Johnson also fined and suspended players who used language on the field. Soon, the Western League was recognized as not only the strongest minor league, Johnson, however, had a bigger plan—another major league. With the help of Comiskey, who had purchased the Sioux City franchise and moved it to St. Paul in 1894 after leaving the Reds and he also had Comiskey move his Saint Paul team to Chicago, where they eventually became the White Sox. The latter move was made with the blessing of the NL, for the 1900 season, the Western League was renamed as the American League, although it remained a minor league. The 1900 season was an success, and Johnson received a 10-year contract extension. In October, he withdrew the AL from the National Agreement, the final step came on January 28,1901, when he declared the AL would operate as a major league. He then placed teams in Baltimore, Boston, Philadelphia and Washington, the Buffalo Bisons were to be a member of the new American League and their manager Franklin was told right up to Jan. 29,1901, that Buffalo was in the league and not to worry, Ban Johnson unceremoniously dumped Buffalo and it was later revealed that he not only had been negotiating surreptitiously with Boston people for several months, but also that he had money invested in the Boston franchise. Johnson also had a stake in the Washington franchise, which he kept until 1903
26.
Pittsburgh
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Pittsburgh is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County. The city proper has a population of 304,391. The metropolitan population of 2,353,045 is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia, the second-largest in Pennsylvania, and the 26th-largest in the U. S. The city features 30 skyscrapers, two inclines, a fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers. Aside from steel, Pittsburgh has led in manufacturing of aluminum, glass, shipbuilding, petroleum, foods, sports, transportation, computing, autos, and electronics. For part of the 20th century, Pittsburgh was behind only New York and Chicago in corporate headquarters employment, Americas 1980s deindustrialization laid off area blue-collar workers and thousands of downtown white-collar workers when the longtime Pittsburgh-based world headquarters moved out. The area has served also as the federal agency headquarters for cyber defense, software engineering, robotics, energy research. The area is home to 68 colleges and universities, including research and development leaders Carnegie Mellon University, the region is a hub for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, sustainable energy, and energy extraction. Pittsburgh was named in 1758 by General John Forbes, in honor of British statesman William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham. The current pronunciation, which is unusual in English speaking countries, is almost certainly a result of a printing error in some copies of the City Charter of March 18,1816. The error was repeated commonly enough throughout the rest of the 19th century that the pronunciation was lost. After a public campaign the original spelling was restored by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1911. The area of the Ohio headwaters was long inhabited by the Shawnee, the first known European to enter the region was the French explorer/trader Robert de La Salle from Quebec during his 1669 expedition down the Ohio River. European pioneers, primarily Dutch, followed in the early 18th century, Michael Bezallion was the first to describe the forks of the Ohio in a 1717 manuscript, and later that year European fur traders established area posts and settlements. In 1749, French soldiers from Quebec launched an expedition to the forks to unite Canada with French Louisiana via the rivers, during 1753–54, the British hastily built Fort Prince George before a larger French force drove them off. The French built Fort Duquesne based on LaSalles 1669 claims, the French and Indian War, the North American front of the Seven Years War, began with the future Pittsburgh as its center. British General Edward Braddock was dispatched with Major George Washington as his aide to take Fort Duquesne, the British and colonial force were defeated at Braddocks Field. General John Forbes finally took the forks in 1758, Forbes began construction on Fort Pitt, named after William Pitt the Elder while the settlement was named Pittsborough
27.
Commissioner of Baseball
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The Commissioner of Baseball is the chief executive of Major League Baseball and the associated Minor League Baseball – a constellation of leagues and clubs known as organized baseball. Under the direction of the Commissioner, the Office of the Commissioner of Baseball hires and maintains the sports umpiring crews, and negotiates marketing, labor, the commissioner is chosen by a vote of the owners of the teams. The current commissioner is Rob Manfred, who assumed office on January 25,2015, the title commissioner, which is a title now applied to the heads of several other major sports leagues as well as baseball, derives from its predecessor office, the National Commission. The National Commission was the body of professional baseball starting with the National Agreement of 1903. It consisted of three members, the two League presidents and a Commission chairman, whose primary responsibilities were to preside at meetings, although the Commission chairman August Herrmann was the nominal head of major league baseball, it was AL President Ban Johnson who dominated the Commission. However, the motivations behind the creation of the Commissioners office were more than the desire to rebuild public relations. The scandal had not only tarnished the image of baseball, but had brought relations between owners and AL President Johnson to a breaking point. In particular, Chicago White Sox owner Charles Comiskey was incensed at what he perceived to be Johnsons indifference to his suspicions that the 1919 World Series had been thrown. As a result, the National League, whose owners had never been on terms with Johnson, agreed to invite the White Sox along with the Boston Red Sox. The NL also unveiled plans to put a team in Detroit. With the American Leagues status as a league and possibly its very existence suddenly in jeopardy. Eventually, at the urging of Detroit Tigers owner and Johnson loyalist Frank Navin, finally, Landis insisted on a lifetime contract. The owners, still reeling from the perception that the sport was crooked, landiss first significant act was to deal with the Black Sox scandal. Following a trial, the eight players suspected of involvement in the fix were acquitted, including Buck Weaver, nevertheless, immediately following the players acquittal, Landis banned them all from baseball for life. Landis explained that though the players had all been acquitted in court. Over the years, he dealt harshly with others proven to have thrown individual games, among the others he banned were New York Giants players Phil Douglas and Jimmy OConnell, Philadelphia Phillies pitcher Gene Paulette, Giants coach Cozy Dolan, and Phillies owner William D. Cox. He also formalized the unofficial banishments of Hal Chase and Heinie Zimmerman, in 1921, he banned Giants center fielder Benny Kauff even though he had been acquitted of involvement in a car theft ring. Nonetheless, Landis was convinced Kauff was guilty and argued that players of undesirable reputation, the owners had initially assumed that Landis would deal with the Black Sox Scandal and then settle into a comfortable retirement as the titular head of baseball
28.
Harry Pulliam
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Harry Clay Pulliam was an American baseball executive who served as the sixth President of the National League. He served from 1903 until his death in 1909, Harry Clay Pulliam was born on February 9,1869 in Scottsville, Kentucky. Early in his life, his father, a businessman, moved the family to Louisville. Pulliam received his law degree from the University of Virginia, soon after receiving a promotion to City Editor of the Commercial, he met the owner of the Louisville Colonels, Barney Dreyfuss. Dreyfuss liked Pulliam and hired him away from the newspaper, appointing him to the position of secretary in 1890. In 1897, Dreyfuss promoted Pulliam to club president, Pulliam negotiated an ownership position of the Colonels. There he selected Honus Wagner as a player, when the National League contracted from 12 to eight teams in 1899, Pulliam moved to the Pittsburgh Pirates, and convinced Wagner to come with him. In his book, Wagner credited Pulliam with arranging for him to stay with Pittsburgh, Wagner stayed with Pittsburgh until retirement. Pulliam was unanimously elected president of the National League in December 1902, the excited spectators ran onto the field in joy, thinking the Giants had won. Home plate umpire Hank ODay deemed it impossible to order on the field to resume the game. Due to darkness, the game was declared a tie and his decision was submitted to the league president, Pulliam, who agreed with the umpire. The report unsparingly castigated Merkle for his stupid play—a reckless, careless, the game was later replayed, with the Cubs winning to capture the pennant. They went on to win the World Series that year, the pressure of the 1908 decision resulted in Pulliam taking several months off, and his discussion of retirement. Pulliam shot himself in the head in his apartment at the New York Athletic Club at 9,30 pm on July 29,1909 and he lingered for several hours before dying. He was depressed over his ill health, Pulliam was buried at Cave Hill Cemetery, Louisville, Kentucky. Baseball was halted in both the American and National Leagues for the first time in history on the day he was buried. A special baseball card was created in his honor and distributed at the World Series and he was the first person honored by baseball with all players wearing armbands for 30 days. Pulliams level of admiration and importance to baseball can best be described by those in attendance at his funeral, louis Cardinals, Brooklyn Dodgers and Philadelphia Phillies
29.
1905 World Series
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The 1905 World Series matched the National League champion New York Giants against the American League champion Philadelphia Athletics, with the Giants winning four games to one. Four of the five games featured duels between future Hall of Fame pitchers, each of the five games was a shutout. Three of those, over a span, were pitched and won by Christy Mathewson. NL New York Giants vs. AL Philadelphia Athletics Monday, October 9,1905, both got out of jams, shutting the offense down. In the Giants top of the fifth, Mathewson singled but was forced by Roger Bresnahan, after George Browne popped out, Mike Donlin singled to left, scoring Bresnahan and advancing Donlin to second. After Dan McGann walked, Sam Mertes doubled, bringing home Donlin, the Giants added an insurance run in the ninth, when Billy Gilbert scored on Bresnahans single. This was the first of Mathewsons three complete game shutouts, a Series record that may never be matched, tuesday, October 10,1905, at the Polo Grounds in upper Manhattan, New York The As called on Chief Bender to turn the tables on the Giants. His opponent was 21-game winner Iron Man Joe McGinnity, the game was scoreless until the top of the third. Ossee Schreckengost, leading off, reached on a Dan McGanns error, Bender sacrificed, moving Schreckengost to second. After a groundout by Topsy Hartsel moved Schreckengost to third, Bris Lord singled to left, the slim margin held until the top of the eighth, when the As put a crooked number on the board. With one out, Schreckengost was once again the catalyst, singling to center, Bender continued to cruise, got out of late-inning jams and ended up with a complete game shutout that tied the Series at one game apiece. Thursday, October 12,1905, at Columbia Park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Christy Mathewson once again took the mound for the Giants in Game 3, opposing him this time was Andy Coakley, who hit the first batter he faced, Roger Bresnahan, with a pitch. A single to right by Mike Donlin moved Bresnahan to third with one out, Dan McGann singled to right, bringing Bresnahan home. An error by Danny Murphy scored Donlin and put Sam Mertes on base, Bill Dahlen walked, loading the bases with one out. But Art Devlin hit into a play, to end the rally. But the Giants put the away in the top of the fifth. George Browne singled and went to second on the throw to third base, Donlin was walked intentionally, setting up a possible inning-ending double play, but things continued to crumble for Coakley and the As. McGann reached on another error by Danny Murphy, reloading the bases, Mertes singled, reloading the bases and driving in another run
30.
Ginger Beaumont
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Clarence Howeth Ginger Beaumont was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball who spent most of his career with the Pittsburgh Pirates and Boston Braves. He was born in Rochester, Wisconsin, and attended Beloit College.357 mark, as the Pirates regular leadoff hitter, he was the first player ever to bat in a World Series game.311 career batting average and on base average of.362. He played one season in the minor leagues before retiring to his Honey Creek. He was one of the first inductees to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1951, Beaumont suffered two strokes in his seventies, and died at age 79 in Burlington, Wisconsin. Beaumont has a field named after him in his hometown of Burlington. His name also represents part of the Burlington Little League organization, in July 2015, a monument to Beaumont was dedicated at Beaumont Field. Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Fangraphs, or The Baseball Cube, or Baseball-Reference
31.
Tom Hughes (pitcher, born 1878)
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Thomas James Hughes was a right-handed starting pitcher in Major League Baseball. From 1900 through 1913, Hughes played for the Chicago Orphans, Baltimore Orioles, Boston Americans, New York Highlanders and he debuted on September 7,1900, and played his final game on October 3,1913. A native of Chicago, Hughes was knicknamed Long Tom for his height and his younger brother, Ed Hughes, also played for Chicago and Boston, making them the first set of brothers to play for the Red Sox. In 1901 Hughes completed 32 of his 35 starts for Chicago, despite his 10–23 mark, in part due to low run support, he recorded a 3.24 earned run average while striking out 225 opponents, the third-best ever for a National League rookie. He jumped to the American League the following season, while dividing his time between Baltimore and Boston. In 1903 he became the starter in the Boston rotation, behind Cy Young. Hughes responded with a 20–7 mark and a 2.57 ERA and he pitched in the first World Series ever, losing Game Three. Before the 1904 season, Hughes was sent to the Highlanders in exchange for Jesse Tannehill in a trade in Boston. Hughes came up short in New York and was traded to the Senators during the midseason, again, he suffered low run support in 1905, when he went 17–20 with a 2.35 ERA. The next three seasons he averaged a 2.89 ERA, with a career-best 2.21 in 1908, louis Browns pitcher Fred Glade, at Sportsmans Park II, to give Washington a 1–0 victory. Since then, the feat has been matched only by Red Ruffing, Spud Chandler and Early Wynn in the American League, Hughes was sent to the Minneapolis Millers of the American Association in the 1909 midseason. In 1910 he topped the league with 31 wins, a.721 W/L %, the next year he returned to Washington for his last three major league seasons. In a 13-season career, Hughes posted a 131–175 record with 1368 strikeouts, Hughes retired from baseball in 1918. He died of pneumonia in Chicago at age 77
32.
Chick Stahl
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Charles Sylvester Chick Stahl was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball who was among the most feared and consistent hitters in his time. In his rookie 1897 season with the Boston Beaneaters, he batted.354, in 1899, he had six hits in a game, and in the 1903 World Series, he hit three triples. By 1904, including his time with the Beaneaters and the Boston Americans and he was officially named player-manager on December 4,1906. Stahl committed suicide during the 1907 spring training season in West Baden, Indiana, the reasoning behind Stahls suicide has remained a mystery for over a century. He was known as a carefree, fun-loving man and had love affairs going on throughout the country. He mentioned suicide days before in Louisville, Kentucky, prompting some teammates to take the carbolic acid from him and his final words to some of teammates were Boys, I just couldnt help it. What it exactly was remains a mystery, a 1908 newspaper article claims that he was despondent because he had been tasked with discharging his friend Collins from the team. Cy Young reluctantly took over as manager to start the 1907 season, Collins was traded to Philadelphia in June 1907. Stahls widow mysteriously died a year and a half later, just prior to her death, Julia Stahl was seen walking in a poor area of Boston while lavishly dressed. However, no bystanders seem to have seen the events of the last moments of her life, Chick Stahl was not related to Jake Stahl, despite contemporary baseball sources listing them as brothers. Stahl gained popularity again in 2004 when he was mentioned along with teammates Bill Dinneen and Cy Young in the revival of the song Tessie by Dropkick Murphys
33.
Buck Freeman
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John Frank Buck Freeman was an American right fielder in Major League Baseball at the turn of the 20th century. Freeman was one of the top sluggers of his era, his most famous feat being the 25 home runs he hit during the 1899 season, a native of Catasauqua, Pennsylvania, Freeman showed talent as a pitcher from a young age. He made his league debut as a left-handed starter with the Washington Statesmen on June 27,1891. Freeman played in a four games during the season, finishing up with a 3-2 record. Following the 1891 seasons conclusion he did not play in the majors again for seven years and he played in the Eastern League with Toronto from 1896 to 1898 and returned to the Washington roster midway through the 1898 season. During the intervening time Freeman had bulked out and had begun to show real skill with the bat, in light of this the Senators decided to retrain Freeman as a right fielder, believing that he would be even more useful with the bat than he was with the ball. Albeit with only 107 at bats, he recorded a.364 batting average, following his strong showing with the bat, he was named as the Senators first-choice right fielder for the following season. The 25 home runs that Freeman recorded in 1899 were truly remarkable by the standards of the time, Freemans tally was not surpassed until 1919, when Babe Ruth scored 29 home runs with the Boston Red Sox. Following the disbandment of the Washington Senators at the end of the 1899 season and his offensive numbers for the season were well down on the year before, with him hitting 6 home runs and recording 66 runs batted in. At the end of the season he and teammate Jimmy Collins moved across town to the Boston Americans, the 1901 season was something of a return to form, he finished second overall in home runs, RBI, and slugging percentage, finishing behind Nap Lajoie in all categories. In 1902 Freeman returned to playing as a fielder, which was his better position. On June 21, he hit for the cycle, the first Red Sox player to do so, in the three years following Bostons World Series success Freemans offense declined sharply. In 1906, he managed a.250 average with one run and 30 RBI. After that, he decided to play for one further season and he went on to finish the season with the Minneapolis Millers of the American Association, recording an average of.335 and scoring 18 home runs. Following this successful season he decided to spend a season with the Millers. The 1908 season was Freemans last in professional baseball, in which he managed to score 10 home runs albeit with an average of.218, Freeman died at the age of 77 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
34.
Run batted in
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A run batted in, plural runs batted in, is a statistic in baseball and softball that credits a batter for making a play that allows a run to be scored. For example, if the batter bats a base hit, then another player on a base can go home. Prior to the 1920 Major League Baseball season, runs batted in were not a baseball statistic. Nevertheless, the RBI statistic was tabulated—unofficially—from 1907 through 1919 by baseball writer Ernie Lanigan, common nicknames for an RBI include ribby, rib, and ribeye. The plural of RBI is generally RBIs, although some commentators use RBI as both singular and plural, as it can stand for runs batted in. The official scorers judgment must determine whether a run batted in shall be credited for a run that scores when a fielder holds the ball or throws to a wrong base. The perceived significance of the RBI is displayed by the fact that it is one of the three categories that comprise the triple crown, in addition, career RBIs are often cited in debates over who should be elected to the Hall of Fame. This implies that better offensive teams—and therefore, the teams in which the most players get on base—tend to produce hitters with higher RBI totals than equivalent hitters on lesser-hitting teams, totals are current through October 8,2015
35.
Run (baseball)
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A player may score by hitting a home run or by any combination of plays that puts him safely on base as a runner and subsequently brings him home. The object of the game is for a team to score more runs than its opponent. But if the out is not a force out, but a tag out, then if that other baserunner crosses home plate before that tag out is made. Example 1, With a runner on third and two outs, batter hits a ball to the second baseman. The runner on third races home, the second baseman fields the ball and throws on to the first baseman in time to get the batter on the force out at first for the third out of the inning. Even if the runner on third had touched home plate before that force out was made at first, example 2, With a runner on third and two outs, batter hits a fly ball over centerfielders head. It bounces several times as it rolls to the wall, the runner on third runs safely home and easily scores a run. Meanwhile, the batter reaches first, then tries to advance to second. The centerfielder, having retrieved the ball, throws the ball to the second baseman, since the runner stepped on home plate before the batter was tagged out at second for the third out of the inning, his run will count. In baseball statistics, a player who advances around all the bases to score is credited with a run, while runs scored is considered an important individual batting statistic, it is regarded as less significant than runs batted in. Both individual runs scored and runs batted in are heavily context-dependent, for a more sophisticated assessment of a contribution toward producing runs for his team. If the inning is reconstructed without the error, and if that third batter, instead of reaching on an error, registered an out, thus, the two runs that did score will be classified as unearned, and will not count in the pitchers personal statistics. Be advised though that unearned runs are a statistical animal only, all runs count the same in the score, whether they are earned or unearned. The career record for most runs scored by a player is 2,295. The season record for most runs scored is 198, set by Billy Hamilton of the Philadelphia Phillies in 1894, the so-called modern-day record is 177, achieved by Babe Ruth of the New York Yankees in 1921. The record for most seasons leading one of the leagues in runs scored is 8. The record for most consecutive games with at least one run scored is 18, shared by the Yankees Red Rolfe and the Cleveland Indians Kenny Lofton. The record for most runs scored by a player in a game is 7
36.
Otto Krueger (baseball)
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Arthur William Otto Krueger was a Major League Baseball player. Krueger played from 1899 to 1905 with several teams and he was born in Chicago, Illinois and died in St. Louis, Missouri. He was nicknamed Oom Paul after the president of the Transvaal, Paul Kruger, career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Baseball-Reference
37.
Utility player
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In sport, a utility player is one who can play several positions competently, a sort of jack of all trades. Sports in which the term is used include football, baseball, rugby union, rugby league, water polo. The term has gained prominence in all due to its use in fantasy leagues. For a more comprehensive list, see, Category, Association football utility players In football, like other sports and this will commonly be defence and midfield, sometimes defence and attack. A few outfield players have also made competent substitute goalkeepers, for example Phil Jagielka, Jan Koller, but in the case of goalkeepers playing as outfield players, it is extremely rare. Some may be free kick and penalty specialists, but they do not hold a role in the outfield, john OShea, a former Manchester United player, is a famous example for playing in all positions in his United career. The former Bulgarian international and Sporting Lisbon player Ivaylo Yordanov has played in all three outfield roles, former Scottish international and Rangers F. C. captain Lee McCulloch also played in every outfield role for the club. Former Dutch international and Feyenoord, PSV Eindhoven and Milan player Ruud Gullit played as a defender, midfielder and striker. Another example of a Utility man is Dumbarton player Grant Gallagher who under Steve Aitken has played in midfield, in baseball, a utility player is a player who can play several different positions. In general, each Major League Baseball team has at least one player who can be described as a utility player, Most professional teams have two types of utility players. There are utility infielders, who play all of the infield positions. Utility outfielders, or fourth outfielders, tend to all three outfield positions at various times. Occasionally, there will be players who perform a combination of the two duties, Utility players tend to be players who come off of the bench, though this isnt absolute. Often, players who dont have high prospects to be a league star will learn additional positions so they can look more attractive to major league clubs as bench talent. In 1991, the Detroit Tigers Tony Phillips was the first player to start ten games at five different positions in the same season, césar Tovar, Cookie Rojas, Bert Campaneris, Shane Halter, Don Kelly, and Jose Oquendo all played every position during their respective careers. In 2005 Chone Figgins started 48 games at third,45 in center field and 36 at second, ryan Theriot of the San Francisco Giants has played shortstop, third base, second and outfield at some point in his short major league career. Mark DeRosa for the Chicago Cubs, Cleveland Indians, St. Louis Cardinals Atlanta Braves, former third baseman Brandon Inge has played third base, catcher, left field, right field, and center field. All three have been named All Stars while playing multiple positions in their All-Star seasons, in 2015, Brock Holt of the Boston Red Sox was the first player ever to be selected to the All Star Game after starting at seven or more positions before the break
38.
Ed Doheny
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Edwin Richard Doheny was an American baseball player. He played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1895 to 1903, first for the New York Giants, in 1903 he violently attacked several people, was declared insane and was committed to Danvers State Hospital in Danvers, Massachusetts. He died on December 29,1916, in Medfield Insane Asylum, ed was first suspended as a Pirate on May 18,1903, due to an incident while at-bat against the Giants. Having already incensed fans by pelting both Joe McGinnity and Dan McGann in the back with fastballs, Doheny tossed his bat into the air as the Giants catcher tried to settle under his pop-up. Unaware that hed already been ruled out on account of the fly rule. Doheny lost his composure and mockingly bowed to the fans, an angry mob followed him back to the clubhouse after the game, threatening him and throwing stones. Doheny was suspended for three days without pay, list of Major League Baseball career hit batsmen leaders Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Baseball-Reference
39.
Trap shooting
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Trapshooting is one of the three major disciplines of competitive clay pigeon shooting. The other disciplines are skeet shooting and sporting clays and they are distinguished roughly as follows, In trap shooting, the targets are launched from a single house or machine, generally away from the shooter. In skeet shooting, targets are launched from two houses in somewhat sideways paths that intersect in front of the shooter, Sporting clays includes a more complex course, with many launch points. There are variations within each group, Trapshooting is practiced all over the world. Trapshooting variants include but are not limited to international varieties Olympic trap, also known as International Trap, Bunker, ISSF Trap. and Trench, other non-Olympic include, Down-The-Line, also known as DTL and Nordic Trap. American Trap is the predominant version in the United States and Canada, American Trap has two independent governing bodies. Trapshooting was originally developed, in part, to augment bird hunting, use of targets was introduced as a replacement for live pigeons. Indeed, one of the names for the used in shooting games is clay pigeons. The layout of a modern trapshooting field differs from that of a skeet field and/or a sporting clays course, Trapshooting has been a sport since the late 18th century when real birds were used, usually the passenger pigeon, which was extremely abundant at the time. Birds were placed under hats or in traps which were then released, artificial birds were introduced around the time of the American Civil War. Glass balls and subsequently clay targets were introduced in the later 1800s, Trapshooting is typically shot with a 12 gauge shotgun. Smaller gauge firearms can be used, but no allowance is given, Trapshooting is shot at either single or double target presentations. This refers to the number of targets which are launched simultaneously. Both general purpose shotguns and more specialized target-type shotguns are used in trapshooting, examples of trap guns are single-barreled shotgun or a double barreled shotgun such as the Beretta DT-10, Browning XT Trap, Beretta 682 Gold E and SKBS. Shooters who shoot all sub-events will often buy a combination-set of a single and double barrel for shooting both singles and double targets respectively, self-loading are popular for recreational shooting due to the lower perceived recoil and versatility because they can be used for singles, handicap, and doubles. Shotguns used in trapshooting can differ from field and skeet guns in several ways, stocks may have a Monte Carlo configuration and/or include a comb height adjustment, a butt plate adjustment for length, angle or both. Trap guns typically have longer barrels, possibly with porting and featuring tighter chokes to compensate for the distances at which trapshooting targets are broken. The majority of trap shotguns built today feature interchangeable choke tubes as opposed to older guns which used chokes of a fixed constriction, interchangeable choke tubes can come in a variety of constrictions and may use names such as modified, improved modified and full
40.
Bookmaker (gambling)
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A bookmaker, bookie, or turf accountant is an organization that, or a person who, takes bets on sporting and other events at agreed-upon odds. When a large bet comes in, a bookmaker may also try to lay off the risk by buying bets from other bookmakers. Bookmakers do not generally attempt to make money from the bets themselves but rather by acting as market makers and their working methods are similar to that of an actuary, who does a similar balancing of financial outcomes of events for the assurance and insurance industries. Depending on jurisdiction, bookmaking may be legal or illegal, and is often regulated, however, gambling debts were unenforceable under English law until the Gambling Act 2005. Many bookmakers are members of IBAS, an industry organisation used to settle disputes, bookmaking is generally illegal in the United States, with Nevada being a notable exception due to the influence of Las Vegas. In some countries, such as Singapore, Sweden, Canada, and Japan, in Canada, this is part of the lottery program and is known as Sport Select. Following the Gaming Act 1845, the only gambling allowed in the United Kingdom was at race tracks, the introduction of special excursion trains meant that all classes of society could attend the new racecourses opening across the country. Cash concentrated towards the bookmakers who employed bodyguards against protection gangs operating within the vast crowds, in 1961, Harold Macmillans Conservative government legalised betting shops, with tough measures enacted to ensure that bookmakers remained honest. A large industry has grown since, at one time, there were over 15,000 betting shops. Now, through consolidation, they have reduced to between 9,100 and 9,200 in 2013. The group of the largest bookmakers in the country, known as the Big Three, comprises William Hill, Ladbrokes, improved TV coverage and the modernisation of the law have allowed betting in shops and casinos in most countries. A so-called super-casino had been planned for construction in Manchester, although online gambling first started in 1994 when the licensing authority of Antigua and Barbuda passed the Free Trade & Processes Act, bookmakers did not get involved until 2001. They were forced to act when research at the time there were eight million online players worldwide. The main websites require bets to be from countries where Internet gambling is allowed, some small bookmakers and startups purchase software from specialized white label solution providers. Controversially, the explosion in Internet gambling is being linked to a rise in gambling addiction, according to the UKs help and advice organizations for addicts, GamCare and Gamblers Anonymous. These online exchange markets operate a market index of prices near but usually not at 100% competitiveness, true wholesale odds are odds that operate at 100% of probabilistic outcomes. Betting exchanges compete with the traditional bookmaker, however, traditionally, arbitrage has always been possible by backing all outcomes with bookmakers, as opposed to laying an outcome on an exchange. Exchanges, however, allow bookmakers to see the state of the market and set their odds accordingly, with the increasing number of online betting exchanges, betting exchanges are now providing free bet offers in an attempt to lure customers away from the competition
41.
Boston
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Boston is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County, although the county government was disbanded on July 1,1999. The city proper covers 48 square miles with a population of 667,137 in 2015, making it the largest city in New England. Alternately, as a Combined Statistical Area, this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people, One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon U. S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education, through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year, Bostons many firsts include the United States first public school, Boston Latin School, first subway system, the Tremont Street Subway, and first public park, Boston Common. Bostons economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, the city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings. Bostons early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine but later renamed it Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, England, the renaming on September 7,1630 was by Puritan colonists from England who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest of fresh water. Their settlement was limited to the Shawmut Peninsula, at that time surrounded by the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River. The peninsula is thought to have been inhabited as early as 5000 BC, in 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colonys first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history, over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their Indian allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid-18th century, Bostons harbor activity was significantly curtailed by the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812. Foreign trade returned after these hostilities, but Bostons merchants had found alternatives for their investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the economy, and the citys industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance by the mid-19th century. Boston remained one of the nations largest manufacturing centers until the early 20th century, a network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a network of railroads furthered the regions industry. Boston was a port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies
42.
Jimmy Sebring
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James Dennison Sebring, was a professional baseball player who played outfield from 1902 to 1909. He attended college at Bucknell University and he played in the 1903 World Series with the Pittsburg Pirates and was the first player in World Series history to hit a home run. He died of Brights Disease in 1909, list of baseball players who died during their careers Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Baseball-Reference
