1.
Amateur Hockey Association of Canada
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The Amateur Hockey Association of Canada was an amateur mens ice hockey league founded on 8 December 1886, in existence until 1898. It was the ice hockey league organized in Canada, after one in Kingston. It was organized to provide a season to determine the Canadian champion. Prior to its founding the Canadian championship was determined in a tournament in Montreal and it is the first championship ice hockey league. A meeting was called, for those in favor of the formation of a Dominion hockey association, for the evening of 8 December 1886. James Stewart, J. G. Monk, H. A. Budden, E. Sheppard, green of Ottawa had played on the 1883 McGill hockey team. In that age, ice hockey was a different game compared to today. These were defined as, left wing centre right wing rover point coverpoint The left wing, centre and right wing were the forwards, the rover would line up behind the centre, with the point and coverpoint following, in an I formation towards the goaltender. The face offs were at an angle to todays practice. The goaltenders used no special equipment, the goals were two posts, with no crossbar. An umpire would judge the legality of each score, there were no boards along the sides of the ice, and there were no standard dimensions for a rink, although dimensions were instituted for the positioning of the goal out from the ends of the rink. A match was two halves of thirty minutes, sudden-death overtime was also in place, and a match would continue until a goal was scored in the event of a tie after regulation. Players in all positions would normally play the entire 60 minutes, the captains of contesting teams shall agree upon two umpires and a referee. All questions as to games shall be settled by the umpires, all disputes on the ice shall be settled by the referee, and his decision shall be final. The game shall be commenced and renewed by a bully in the centre of the rink, goals, six feet wide and four feet high, which shall be changed after each game, unless otherwise agreed. A player must always be on his own side of the puck, the puck may be stopped, but not carried or knocked on, by any part of the body. No player shall raise his stick above his shoulder, when the puck gets off the ice behind the goals it shall be taken by the referee to five yards at right angles from the goal line and there faced. When the puck goes off the ice at the sides it shall be taken by the referee at five yards at right angles from the boundary line and there faced
2.
Western Pennsylvania Hockey League
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The Western Pennsylvania Hockey League, was a semi-professional ice hockey league founded in 1896 and existing through the 1910s. Based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the league was the pre-eminent ice hockey league at the time in the United States and it was the first league to openly hire and trade players. In 1895, Pittsburgh officials, constructed the Schenley Park Casino which featured the first artificial ice-making plant in North America, the 1895-96 winter season also saw the first introduction of hockey in the city. On December 30,1895, the Pittsburgh Press made mention of an international hockey. The paper noted that 2,500 to 3,000 fans showed up to watch the game, no score or records were reportedly kept but the paper did note that the team from Queens University outplayed the Pittsburghers, who had never played the game before. The city quickly realized that in order to make money they would need to have more events than just speed skating, family skates and they decided that since hockey was a relatively new game, it could catch on in Pittsburgh. The PAC was managed by Charles S. Miller, who became the leagues president, the league played at the Casino twice a week, on Tuesday and Friday nights. The first big league game was November 17,1896 between Duquesne and PAC, won by Duquesne 2–1. Play continued until December 16, when the Casino rink was destroyed by fire, the league dissolved without a championship. The league would remain dormant until 1899 and the erection of a rink at the Duquesne Gardens. The league was revived with three teams, the Pittsburgh Athletic Club, Pittsburgh Duquesne and Western University, the PAC won the leagues first championship. The following season the Pittsburgh Bankers, which was composed entirely of bankers, were admitted to the league, despite the fact that the league could be traced back to 1895, the WPHL wasnt officially started until the 1901-02 season. In 1901, Arthur Sixsmith, a member of the Ottawa Senators, traveled to Pittsburgh. The two men, along with the manager of the Duquesne Gardens, James Wallace Conant, then established the WPHL. By 1902, Sixsmith convinced several Canadian players, including his brother Garnet Sixsmith, to come to Pittsburgh, also in 1901, the Keystone Bicycle Club was admitted to the league, replacing Western University. The Keystones were instrumental in changing the league from amateur to professional, the Pittsburgh Athletic Club repeated as champions, although the Keystones were instantly competitive. In one memorable game occurred during this era, the WPHLs Garnet Sixsmith scored 11 goals in a game at the Duqesne Gardens. The 1901–02 season is considered the first season whereby the league was recognized as professional, the league had three teams in 1901-02, Pittsburgh Bankers, Pittsburgh Athletic Club and the Pittsburgh Keystones
3.
Canadian Amateur Hockey League
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The league existed for seven seasons, folding in 1905 and was itself replaced by the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association. Formed because of a dispute between teams of the AHAC, it developed the sport in its transition to professional. The CAHL itself would fold over a dispute, leading to the new ECAHA league, the annual meeting of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada was held in Montreal on December 10,1898, and was reported as a cataclysm in the hockey world. At the previous meeting, the application of the Ottawa Capitals to join was declined. In 1898, the Capitals had won the championship and applied again for AHAC membership. The AHAC executive then voted in favor of admitting the Capitals for league membership and this led to the representatives of the Quebec, Montreal Victorias and Ottawa clubs opting to withdraw from the association. The representative of the Montreal Hockey Club asked the group to reconsider but was declined, the withdrawing teams then met at the Windsor Hotel the same day. A representative of the McGill University also attended on the possibility that McGill would join, on December 14, the group met again and organized the CAHL, adding also the Montreal Shamrocks and not McGill. The new league adopted the constitution of the AHAC. Proposed by the Quebec team, a rope was used to connect the tops of the goal posts. Attached to the rope and the posts was netting in a pocket, nets had been in use for the goals in lacrosse and ice polo. The nets became a permanent part of the CAHL rinks after a series in 1899. The league would stay with the five teams until the 1904 season. During the season, Ottawa withdrew from the league in a dispute with the league, the league continued its schedule with the remaining four teams. The following season, the league admitted the Montreal Le National and Montreal Westmount clubs in place of Ottawa, which joined the Federal Amateur Hockey League. It would be the season of the league, as in the off-season the Montreal Wanderers and Ottawa would form the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association. † Stanley Cup winner ‡ Ottawa resigned February 8,1904, Federal Amateur Hockey League List of Stanley Cup champions List of pre-NHL seasons List of ice hockey leagues
4.
International Professional Hockey League
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The International Professional Hockey League was the first fully professional Ice hockey league, operating from 1904 to 1907. It was formed by Jack Doc Gibson, a dentist who played hockey throughout Ontario before settling in Houghton, the IPHL was a five team circuit which included Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, Calumet, Michigan and Houghton, the IPHL was instrumental in changing the nature of top-level senior mens ice hockey from amateur to professional. In the time period around 1900, leagues in Canada fought against the professionalization of athletics, any player who figures on any of these teams must be banished from Ontario Hockey. However, it wasnt until the Portage Lakes Hockey Club and the formation of the IPHL in 1904 that any hockey league achieved full-fledged professional status, in the early 20th century, the mining industry was making huge investments in Northern Michigan. In the fall of 1903, James R. Dee of Houghton started discussions with Western Pennsylvania Hockey League representatives in Pittsburgh regarding the establishment of a national hockey association, houghtons team had played against Pittsburghs for a de facto United States national championship in ice hockey. In 1903–04, the professional Houghton team, without a league of its own, marie, Ontario and Michigan prompting the OHA to ban both the American Soo Indians and Canadian Sault Hockey Club from competing against Canadian amateur teams. As a result, the two teams had nowhere to go but to the professional league. A meeting was held on November 5,1904 which included prominent business leaders from Pittsburgh, a number of cities were considered for this new professional league including Montreal, Detroit, Chicago, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Milwaukee, Grand Rapids, and Duluth. However, the league accepted teams from Houghton, Pittsburgh, the two Soos, and Calumet, the representatives of the Canadian Soo suggested a revenue sharing plan that would divide gate receipts in a 60–40 home-visitor split. This revenue sharing plan would make the journey to Pittsburgh possible, considering that team played at the 5. The WPHL, which had been paying players to play ice hockey since 1901, put its best professionals into one team, the Pittsburgh Pros, the Houghton Portage Lakes team played at what was a new facility at the time called the Amphidrome on Portage Lake. The Calumet-Laurium Miners, a rival of the Houghton team. Marie, Michigan made the Ridge Street Ice-A-Torium, the curling club. Marie, Ontario team or Canadian Soo as it was called also played at its local curling rink, the International Hockey League attracted some of the best players from established Canadian amateur leagues. Every player received a salary of at least $15 to $40 a week. Ottawas Hod Stuart, was paid $1,800 by the Calumet Miners to play for the team, cyclone Taylor was enticed into the league with a salary offer of more than $3,000. In many cases, this meant that IHL managers would have to completely new teams each season
5.
Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association
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The Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association was a mens amateur – later professional – ice hockey league in Canada that played four seasons. It was founded on December 11,1905 with the top clubs from two leagues, four from the Canadian Amateur Hockey League and two from the Federal Amateur Hockey League. It was formed to maximize the revenues of a now popular spectator sport, the league would itself dissolve in 1909 over a dispute between team owners over business issues. Founding The CAHL held its meeting on December 9,1905. At that meeting it was decided that amalgamation with the FAHL should be attempted, on December 11, it was announced that the amalgamation would form a new league, the ECAHA. The CAHL was discontinued, but the FAHL would continue, the first executive was elected, Howard Wilson, Montreal G. P. Murphy, Ottawa Dr. From the start, the league allowed teams to use professional players. The players who were professionals had to be printed publicly, in 1908, the amateur-only Montreal Victorias and Montreal Hockey Club teams left the league. The league became a league, leading to several amateurs retiring from their teams. In significance of the change the league was renamed the Eastern Canada Hockey Association, in November 1909, the league dissolved over the plans of the Wanderers to move to an arena with fewer spectator seats. The three other teams announced that they were leaving the ECHA, creating the Canadian Hockey Association, the Wanderers helped form a competing league, the National Hockey Association. The CHA played for less than two weeks, merging with the NHA in January 1910, a silver championship trophy, designated the Arena Cup, was donated by the Montreal Arena Company. It was crafted from 90 ounces of sterling silver and designed by Birks of Montreal, after the Wanderers won it in 1906 through 1908, they were given the trophy permanently, a condition engraved in the silver of the trophy. The trophy is now on permanent display in the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto, a - Ottawa and Wanderers are both considered 1906 Stanley Cup Champions. List of Stanley Cup champions List of pre-NHL seasons List of ice hockey leagues Coleman, the Trail of the Stanley Cup, vol
6.
Ontario Professional Hockey League
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The Ontario Professional Hockey League, sometimes referred to as the Trolley League, and also known as the Canadian Hockey League in its time, was a professional ice hockey league in Canada. It was a professional league and consisted of teams from Toronto. The leagues annual champion would challenge for the Stanley Cup, the Ontario Professional Hockey League was organized in November 1907. The Toronto Professionals had been playing games against teams of the International Professional Hockey League. In early November 1907, the International League had folded, reducing the number of opponents for Toronto, at the annual meeting of the Toronto team on November 7, the first discussions of a possible league were held. A founding meeting was held in Berlin, Ontario on November 12 where a league was formed with Berlin, Brantford, Guelph, the leagues initial name was the Canadian Hockey League and the officers were, J. P. Downey, M. P. P. Guelph, Hon. President, Alex Mine, Toronto, President A. B, burnley, Brantford, Vice-President N. E. Irving, Guelph, Secretary Otto Vogelsang, Berlin, Treasurer J. C. Palmer, Toronto, George Roehmer, Berlin, J. A. Fitzgerald, Guelph and Roy Brown, the rules would be based on the Ontario Hockey Association and the International League. Representatives of Galt had shown interest in being a part of the league, in the 1908 off-season, Brantford left the league and was replaced by Galt and St. Catharines. Galt would win the OPHL championship and Galt challenged for the Stanley Cup in January 1909, after the 1909 season, Guelph, St. Catharines and Toronto left the league. In 1910 the OPHL added the Waterloo Colts to become a four-team league, Berlin got off to such a strong start in the season, that the league decided to start a new season in later January. In March 1910, Berlin challenged the Wanderers for the Cup and were defeated, the leagues final attempt to win the Cup came a year later in March 1911, with Galt again losing to Ottawa, which now played in the National Hockey Association. The league disbanded after the 1911 season, the OPHL teams were raided for players by the NHA after the NHA was itself raided for players by the Pacific Coast Hockey Association. Players who left included Eddie Oatman, Jack McDonald and Goldie Prodgers, the Moncton Victorias of the Maritime Professional Hockey League signed nearly all of the champion Galt teams players. The Victorias would win the MPHL championship and challenge NHA champion Quebec, a namesake league would play for one season in 1930–31 with teams in Galt, Guelph, Kitchener, Niagara Falls, Oshawa and Stratford. † Guelph and St. Catharines withdrew after six games of the schedule, List of pre-NHL seasons List of ice hockey leagues Coleman, Charles L. The Trail of the Stanley Cup, Vol.1, 1893–1926 inc
7.
National Hockey Association
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The National Hockey Association, officially the National Hockey Association of Canada Limited, was a professional ice hockey organization with teams in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. It is the predecessor to todays National Hockey League. Founded in 1909 by Ambrose OBrien, the NHA introduced six-man hockey by removing the rover position in 1911, during its lifetime, the league coped with competition for players with the rival Pacific Coast Hockey Association, the enlistment of players for World War I and disagreements between owners. The disagreements between owners came to a head in 1917, when the NHA suspended operations in order to get rid of an unwanted owner. The remaining NHA team owners started the NHL in parallel as a measure, to continue play while negotiations went on with Livingstone. A year later, after no progress was reached with Livingstone, the NHAs rules, constitution and trophies were continued in the NHL. In November 1909, the Eastern Canada Hockey Association, holder of the Stanley Cup, the Montreal Wanderers team of the ECHA had been bought by P. J. Doran, owner of the Jubilee Rink in Montreal and he intended to move the teams games there. The Jubilee was smaller than the Wanderers current rink, the Montreal Arena which meant visiting teams would earn less on their trips to play the Wanderers. On November 25,1909, the teams in the league disbanded the ECHA and formed the new Canadian Hockey Association. The team had applied to the Stanley Cup trustees as champions of the Federal League, at the November 25 CHA founding meeting, held at the Windsor Hotel in Montreal, OBrien applied to join the CHA but the application was rejected. Sitting in the lobby of the hotel after the CHA meeting, OBrien met Jimmy Gardner of the Wanderers, together, they decided to form their own league, the National Hockey Association. At the same time, to build a rivalry and capture francophone interest in Montreal, OBrien and Gardner conceived of creating a team consisting of francophone players, to be managed by francophones. In all, OBrien and his father, Michael John OBrien, were financing four teams in the league, the Renfrew Creamery Kings, Cobalt, Haileybury, the Cobalt and Haileybury clubs were from the Timiskaming Professional Hockey League and Renfrew from the Federal Hockey League. Along with the Wanderers, the league had five teams, the OBriens were determined to win the Stanley Cup and a bidding war for players immediately started. Frank Patrick and Lester Patrick were each signed by the Renfrew Millionaires for $3,000 apiece, Renfrew also signed star player Cyclone Taylor of the champion Ottawa Senators team, reputedly at $5,000 per season. Attendance at the CHA games was poor and a meeting of the NHA was held on January 15,1910 to discuss a merger of the two leagues. Instead, the NHA admitted Ottawa and the Montreal Shamrocks to the NHA, the owners of the Montreal Le National were offered the ownership of the Canadiens but turned it down. The Quebec Bulldogs and the teams of the CHA were not even considered for membership
8.
Pacific Coast Hockey Association
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The PCHA was considered to be a major league of ice hockey and was important in the development of the sport of professional ice hockey through its innovations. The league was started by the Patrick family, professional players from Montreal, building new arenas in Vancouver and Victoria. After a few years of play, the league was accepted by the Stanley Cup trustees as being of a high standard that teams from its league were accepted for Stanley Cup challenges. Starting in 1915, the league entered into an agreement where the Stanley Cup was to be contested between the National Hockey Association and the PCHA after the seasons were finished. The league struggled to make money, and various teams moved into different cities in an attempt to be successful financially, eventually, the league, to survive, merged with the WCHL in 1924. After playing for the Renfrew Millionaires in 1910, players Frank Patrick and Lester Patrick moved west to Nelson, after Joe decided to sell the business in January 1911, the Patricks decided then to form a new professional ice hockey league, risking the family fortune. The decision was made to put new rinks in Vancouver and Victoria, British Columbia, locations which necessitated the use of artificial ice, three teams, the New Westminster Royals, the Victoria Senators, and the Vancouver Millionaires would be formed. The Patricks moved quickly, buying property for the arenas in February, ground was broken for the arenas in April and the arenas were completed in December. Victorias arena seated 4,000, and cost $110,000, all players were paid by the league, unlike the NHA with its competing teams. The PCHA distributed players amongst the teams, Newsy Lalonde of the Canadiens would be the most notable player to move west, to play for Vancouver. The league was organized on December 7,1911 to be run by Frank and Lester. The Victoria arena would open to the public on Christmas Day 1911, the first league championship for the Patterson Cup trophy was won by the New Westminster Royals. The league did not challenge for the Stanley Cup the first year, despite the raiding of the NHA, a March 1912 west coast tour of the NHAs all-stars was arranged, billed as a sort of World Series of hockey. The NHA all-stars included Cyclone Taylor, a name in the East. After the PCHA all-stars won the first two games 10–4 and 5–1, leaving the outcome in no doubt, the NHA manager Art Ross decided to let Taylor play at the Patricks request. Taylor would put on a display of ice hockey prowess for the British Columbia fans. For the 1912–13 season the PCHA continued to raid the east for players, besides Taylor, Goldie Prodgers, Eddie Oatman, Jack McDonald and Ernie Johnson moved out west, although Newsy Lalonde returned to Montreal. The New Westminster rink, to be built by local interests, was not ready, Victoria would win the season and the club arranged for an exhibition series of the Stanley Cup champion Quebec Bulldogs
9.
History of the National Hockey League
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The history of the National Hockey League begins with the end of its predecessor league, the National Hockey Association, in 1917. The NHLs first quarter-century saw the league compete against two rival major leagues—the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and Western Canada Hockey League—for players and the Stanley Cup, the NHLs footprint spread across Canada as Foster Hewitts radio broadcasts were heard coast-to-coast starting in 1933. The Great Depression and World War II reduced the league to six teams, later known as the Original Six, by 1942. Maurice Richard became the first player to score 50 goals in a season in 1944–45, Gordie Howe made his debut in 1946, and retired 35 seasons later as the NHLs all-time leader in goals and points. China Clipper Larry Kwong becomes the first non-white player in the league, breaking the NHL colour barrier in 1948, Willie ORee broke the NHLs black colour barrier when he suited up for the Bruins in 1958. In 1959, Jacques Plante became the first goaltender to regularly use a mask for protection, the Original Six era ended in 1967 when the NHL doubled in size by adding six new expansion teams. The six existing teams were formed into the newly created East Division, the NHL continued to expand, adding another six teams, to total 18 by 1974. Bobby Hull was the most famous player to defect to the rival league, eventually, Soviet-Bloc players streamed into the NHL with the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989. Since then, the league has grown from 22 teams in 1992 to 31 today as the NHL spread its footprint across the United States, Wayne Gretzky passed Gordie Howe as the NHLs all-time leading scorer in 1994 when he scored his 802nd career goal. Mario Lemieux overcame non-Hodgkin lymphoma to finish his NHL career with over 1,700 points, increased use of defence-focused systems helped cause scoring to fall in the late 1990s, leading some to argue that the NHLs talent pool had been diluted by 1990s expansion. The first attempts to regulate competitive ice hockey came in the late 1880s. Before then, teams competed in tournaments and infrequent challenge contests that prevailed in the Canadian sports world at the time, in 1887, four clubs from Montreal formed the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada and developed a structured schedule. In 1892, Lord Stanley donated the Stanley Cup to be symbolic of the Canadian championship and appointed Philip Dansken Ross and it was awarded to the AHAC champion Montreal Hockey Club and thereafter awarded to the league champions, or to any pre-approved team that won it in a challenge. In 1904, the International Hockey League, based around Lake Michigan, was created as the first fully professional league, in recruiting players, the IHL caused an Athletic War that drained amateur clubs of top players, most noticeably in the Ontario Hockey Association. In the 1905–06 season, the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association was formed, which mixed paid and amateur players in its rosters, bidding wars for players led many ECAHA teams to lose money, and it eventually folded on November 25,1909. As a result of the dissolution of the ECAHA, two leagues were formed—the Canadian Hockey Association and the National Hockey Association. Since the NHAs owners were notable, wealthy businessmen, the CHA did not complete a season, as the NHA easily recruited the top players, and interest in the CHA teams faded. By 1914, the rival Pacific Coast Hockey Association league was launched, the National Hockey League came into existence with the suspension of the NHA in 1917
10.
Ottawa Senators (original)
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The Ottawa Senators were a professional, ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Canada which existed from 1883 to 1954. The club was the first hockey club in Ontario, a member of the National Hockey League. The club, which was officially the Ottawa Hockey Club, was known by nicknames, including the Generals in the 1890s, the Silver Seven from 1903 to 1907. Generally acknowledged by historians as one of the greatest teams of the early days of the sport. Ottawa HC played in the first season during which the Stanley Cup was challenged in 1893, the club repeated its success in the 1920s, winning the Stanley Cup in 1920,1921,1923 and 1927. In total, the won the Stanley Cup eleven times. In 1950, Canadian sports editors selected the Ottawa HC/Senators as Canadas greatest team in the first half of the 20th century. The club competed in the NHL until the 1933–34 season, when it relocated the NHL franchise to St. Louis, Missouri, the organization continued the Senators as an amateur, and later semi-professional, team in Quebec senior mens leagues until 1954. The Ottawa Hockey Club was founded by a group of like-minded hockey enthusiasts. A month after witnessing games of hockey at the 1883 Montreal Winter Carnival, Halder Kirby, Jack Kerr and Frank Jenkins met, being the first organized ice hockey club in Ottawa, and also the first in Ontario, the club had no other clubs to play that season. The only activities that winter were practices at the Royal Rink starting on March 5,1883, the club first participated competitively at the 1884 Montreal Winter Carnival ice hockey tournament wearing red and black uniforms. Future Ottawa mayor Nelson Porter is recorded as the scorer of the clubs first-ever goal, Frank Jenkins was the first captain of the team, he later became the president of the Hockey Club in 1891 and of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada in 1892. For the 1885 season, the club adopted gold and blue as its colours, Ottawa earned its first-ever victory at the tournament over the Montreal Victorias, but lost its final match to the Montreal Hockey Club to place second in the tournament. The 1886 Montreal tournament was cancelled due to an outbreak of smallpox, on December 8,1886, the first championship league, the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada was founded in Montreal. It was composed of clubs from Montreal plus a Quebec City club. Ottawas Thomas D. Green was named the first president of the league, under the format, Ottawa lost the one challenge it played in that first 1887 season to the Montreal Victorias. After that season, Ottawa HC became inactive, the Royal Rink, which had been their primary facility, had been converted to a roller skating rink, and ice rink facilities were at a shortage. This changed with the opening of the Rideau Skating Rink in February 1889, One of the principal organizers in the restarting of the team was Ottawa Journal publisher P. D. Ross, who also played on the team
11.
Montreal Le National
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The Montreal Nationals were an amateur, later professional, and then amateur again mens senior-level ice hockey team. They are notable in that they were the first team to represent French Canada and were the first ice hockey team composed of francophone players, the Nationals organization was established in 1894. They iced their first team in 1895, being the first club composed of francophone players, after a few years of independent play against other established clubs, they briefly played in the Intermediate Canadian Amateur Hockey League in 1901. They then entered the Federal Amateur Hockey League in 1904 when Le National, after flirting with these organized leagues, they joined the brand new Canadian Hockey Association in 1910 as a professional entity. They stayed with that league through its various name changes, for their final season in 1926/27, the Montreal Nationals merged with the intermediate Montreal St Francois Xavier Hockey Club to form the Montreal/St Francois Nationals. After that one season, the club finally folded, the Montreal Nationals organization also iced a junior team alongside the more popular senior team in 1920. The team played in the Junior Amateur Hockey Association, the team was shut down in 1925 but reactivated in 1944. In 1949, the league was renamed the Quebec Junior Hockey League, the team was shut down again in 1952 but reactivated one final time in 1956 in the Metropolitan Montreal Junior Hockey League. In 1958 the club was renamed the Palestre Nationals, in 1969, the MMJHL merged with the Quebec Junior Hockey League to form the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. That year the team moved out to the Montreal borough of Rosemont to become the Rosemont Nationals, in 1971, the club moved out to the Montreal suburb of Laval to become the Laval Nationals. In 1975, after 50 years of operation, the Montreal Nationals organization folded, the team still used the Nationals name for the next few seasons, but after coach Jean Rougeau left the club they were renamed the Laval Voisins. Today the club is the Acadie–Bathurst Titan, as well as their hockey team, the Montreal Nationals also had a lacrosse team, which was actually established first, in 1894. In 1897, they won the league, and in 1898 the senior league. Becoming professional in 1910, they won the Eastern Canada championship, jack Laviolette Didier Pitre 1904 FAHL season Montreal Canadiens Montreal Montagnards Brown, William. The Montreal Maroons, The Forgotten Stanley Cup Champions
12.
Stanley Cup
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The Stanley Cup is the championship trophy awarded annually to the National Hockey League playoff winner. The first Cup was awarded in 1893 to Montreal HC, and subsequent winners from 1893 to 1914 were determined by challenge games, Professional teams first became eligible to challenge for the Stanley Cup in 1906. After a series of mergers and folds, it was established as the de facto championship trophy of the NHL in 1926. There are actually three Stanley Cups, the bowl of the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup, the authenticated Presentation Cup. The NHL has maintained control over both the trophy itself and its associated trademarks. Nevertheless, the NHL does not actually own the trophy, the original bowl was made of silver and is 18.5 centimetres in height and 29 centimetres in diameter. The current Stanley Cup, topped with a copy of the bowl, is made of a silver and nickel alloy, it has a height of 89.54 centimetres. Unlike the trophies awarded by the major professional sports leagues of North America. Originally, the winners kept it until a new champion was crowned, currently, winning teams get the Stanley Cup during the summer and a limited number of days during the season. It is unusual among trophies to include winning members names, every year since 1924, a select portion of the winning players, coaches, management, and club staff names are engraved on its bands. However, there is not enough room to include all the players and non-players, initially a new band added each year, though this caused the trophy to grow in size, earning the nickname Stovepipe Cup. In 1958 the modern one-piece Cup was designed with a barrel which could contain 13 winning teams per band. To prevent the Stanley Cup from growing, when the band is full, the oldest band is removed and preserved in the Hockey Hall of Fame. It has been referred to as The Cup, Lord Stanleys Cup, The Holy Grail, the Stanley Cup is surrounded by numerous legends and traditions, the oldest of which is the celebratory drinking of champagne out of the cup by the winning team. Since the 1914–15 season, the Cup has been won a combined 100 times by 18 active NHL teams, prior to that, the challenge cup was held by nine different teams. The Montreal Canadiens have won the Cup a record 24 times and are the most recent Canadian-based team to win the cup, the Stanley Cup was not awarded in 1919 because of a Spanish flu epidemic, and in 2005, as a consequence of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. After the Lord Stanley of Preston was appointed by Queen Victoria as Governor General of Canada on June 11,1888, he, Stanley was first exposed to the game at Montreals 1889 Winter Carnival, where he saw the Montreal Victorias play the Montreal Hockey Club. The Montreal Gazette reported that he expressed his delight with the game of hockey
13.
Frank McGee (ice hockey)
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Francis Clarence McGee, was an ice hockey player during the early days of hockey for the Ottawa Hockey Club, nicknamed the Silver Seven. Though blind in one eye, McGee was a player of his era. He once scored 14 goals in a Stanley Cup game and eight times scored five or more. Despite a brief senior career — only 45 games over four seasons — he led the Silver Seven in its reign as Stanley Cup champions during this time, during World War I, he enlisted in the Canadian Army and died in battle in France. When the Hockey Hall of Fame was founded in 1945, McGee was one of the original nine inductees, Frank McGee came from a prominent Canadian family. His late uncle, Thomas DArcy McGee, had been a Father of Confederation and his father, John Joseph McGee, was clerk of the Privy Council. Frank was one of nine born to John Joseph McGee. Frank had five brothers and three sisters, Thomas DArcy, Jim, John, Walter, Charles, Katharine, Mary and his brother Jim was also a noted athlete in football and ice hockey before dying in a horse-riding accident in May 1904. Charles, like Frank, also died in World War I, after his education in Ottawa, McGee worked for the Canadian government Department of Indian Affairs, but he had a passion for sports and played lacrosse and rugby and excelled at ice hockey. While playing half-back for his team, Ottawa City, he was a member of the team that won the Canadian championship in 1898. He played for the Ottawa Hockey Club from 1902 until 1906 and he enlisted in the military and fought in World War I for the 43rd Regiment as a lieutenant in the 21st Infantry Battalion, starting in May 1915. That December he suffered an injury, and was sent to England to recover. He was given the choice of a posting in Le Havre away from the action and he returned to the 21st Battalion in August 1916 for the Battle of the Somme and was killed in action on September 16,1916 near Courcelette, France. His brother Charles died in action in May 1915 and it is not known how McGee was allowed into the army with sight in only one eye. In his certificate of examination, the medical officer wrote that McGee could see the distance with either eye. According to McGees nephew, Frank Charles McGee, his uncle tricked the doctor, when he was asked to cover one eye and read the chart he covered his blind eye, and when required to cover the other eye he switched hands instead of eyes. His medical history only lists good for his vision, on March 21,1900, the young and promising McGee lost use of an eye during an amateur game for a local Canadian Pacific Railway team from a lifted puck. He retired from playing, becoming a referee, by 1903, he missed playing the sport so much that he joined the Ottawas despite the risk of permanent blindness
14.
Montreal Wanderers
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The Montreal Wanderers were a Canadian amateur, and later professional, mens ice hockey team. The team played in the Federal Amateur Hockey League, the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association, the Wanderers were four-time Stanley Cup winners. Prior to the formation of the NHL, the Redbands were one of the most successful teams in hockey, James Strachan announced the formation of the new club on December 1,1903. McKerrow President, James Strachan Vice-president, George Guile Secretary, Tom J. Hodge The club had formed over a dispute over the control of the Montreal Hockey Club, the Wanderers nickname was the namesake of several earlier Montreal teams. The first had played in the Montreal Winter Carnival hockey tournament in 1884, another was an independent team that played in 1893. A third played in the Independent Amateur Hockey League in 1885, along with teams rejected for membership in the Canadian Amateur Hockey League, the club helped found the Federal Amateur Hockey League on December 5,1903. Many of the early Wanderers had been members of the Montreal Hockey Club team of 1902–03 and that team had been known as the Little Men of Iron because of the players tenacity and small stature, and the nickname carried over to the new club. The Wanderers first Stanley Cup challenge was played against the Ottawa Hockey Club on March 2,1904, the Wanderers would refuse to continue the series unless the tie was replayed in Montreal, and forfeited the series. This was the start of a rivalry as Ottawa and the Wanderers would split the championship between them from 1903 until 1911. Ottawa and the Wanderers would meet again in 1906, after a regular season tie for first place in the ECAHA, and played a total goals series for the league championship. The Wanderers won the first game in Montreal 9–1, Montreal defended the Cup in its first challenge as champions in December 1906. The Wanderers defeated the New Glasgow Cubs 17–5 in a total goals series. Montreal repeated as champions in 1907, then faced the Kenora Thistles in a Cup challenge in January 1907. Kenora defeated Montreal 4–2 and 8–6, taking the Cup back to Northern Ontario, the Wanderers would regain the Cup from Kenora two months later in Winnipeg, Manitoba, defeating the Thistles 7–2 and 5–6. The Wanderers won their third league title in 1908 while defending the Cup in a mid-season challenge by the Ottawa Victorias in January. After their third consecutive ECAHA title, the Wanderers were given its trophy, the Cup is on display in the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto. After the 1908 regular season, Montreal defended the Stanley Cup twice in March 1908, in challenges by the Winnipeg Maple Leafs, the 1908 Wanderers team scratched their names inside the bowl, which was just prior to the second band being added to the Cup. The team included five future Honoured Members of the Hockey Hall of Fame, Moose Johnson, Hod Stuart, Riley Hern, Lester Patrick, before the 1909 season started, Montreal defended its Cup in a challenge by the Edmonton Eskimos, winning 13–10 in two games
15.
Brockville
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Brockville, formerly Elizabethtown, is a city in Eastern Ontario, Canada in the Thousand Islands region. Although it is the seat of the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville and it is included with Leeds and Grenville for census purposes only. It is located 115 kilometres south of the capital of Ottawa. It is one of Ontarios oldest European-Canadian communities and is named after the British general Sir Isaac Brock, indigenous peoples lived along both sides of the St. Lawrence River for thousands of years. While the explorer Cartier recorded about 200 words in their Laurentian language, anthropologists believe they may have been driven out or defeated by the powerful Mohawk people of the Iroquois Confederacy, who by then reserved the St. Lawrence Valley as a hunting ground. This area of Ontario was first settled by English speakers in 1785 and they were later called United Empire Loyalists because of their continued allegiance to King George III. The struggle between Britain and the 13 American colonies occurred in the years 1776 to 1783, and seriously divided loyalties among people in some such as New York. In many areas traders and merchants, especially in the cities or the northern border regions, had stronger business ties. Many Loyalists chose to flee north to the British colony of Quebec, the first years were very harsh as they struggled on the frontier. Some exiles returned to the United States, the St. Lawrence River was named by French explorers in the 18th century to honour the martyred Roman Christian, Saint Laurentis. Loyalist to take up land in Brockville was William Buell Sr. an ensign disbanded from the Kings Rangers, residents commonly called the first settlement Buells Bay. Around 1810 government officials of Upper Canada designated the village as Elizabethtown, about 1812 leading residents of the village suggested that the village be renamed to differentiate it from the township of Elizabethtown. The commanding British General in Upper Canada and temporary administrator of the province was Major-General Isaac Brock and he was celebrated as the Hero and Saviour of Upper Canada because of his recent success in securing the surrender by Americans of Fort Detroit during the War of 1812. Perhaps to curry favour with Gen. Brock, certain leading citizens of the village, including Charles Jones and they began using this name in their correspondence and dealings with Isaac Brock. Gen. Brock was soon involved in battles on the Niagara Peninsula. On October 13,1812, he was wounded while leading troops up the heights near the village of Queenston. General Brock had learned of the honour being offered by the residents of Elizabethtown, provincial officials accepted the new name, which was soon commonly used by residents and visitors. In 1830 the population of Brockville exceeded the 1000 mark and this entitled it to be represented by its own elected member in the House of Assembly
16.
Cornwall, Ontario
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Cornwall is a city in Eastern Ontario, Canada, and the seat of the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. Andrews and Avonmore to the north, and Glen Walter, Martintown, Apple Hill, Williamstown, and Lancaster to the east. It is named after the English Duchy of Cornwall, the Citys coat of arms is based on that of the duchy with its colours reversed and the addition of a royal tressure and its largest industries include logistics distribution and call centres. Aboriginal peoples have lived in and around the area of present-day Cornwall for millennia, the first serious European settlement was established in 1784 by United Empire Loyalists primarily from New York. Disbanded soldiers and their families began to settle at the site of Cornwall and they were led by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir John Johnson and were soldiers from the First Battalion Kings Royal Regiment of New York and a contingent of the 84th Royal Highland Emigrants. Following the success of rebellious colonists in the American Revolution, the United Empire Loyalists migrated to Canada, the British government helped them settle there in reward for their loyalty and compensation for their losses in the United States. They founded a settlement on the formerly called Pointe Maligne by French colonists and renamed it Royal Settlement #2. The construction of the Cornwall Canal between 1834 and 1842 accelerated the development into a regional and industrial economic capital for a growing hinterland of towns. Canal and lock construction in the late 1800s and early 1900s brought work international business, the Cornwall Collegiate and Vocational School received heavy damage from masonry work falling through the roof of the gymnasium. Situated west of Cornwall along the St. Lawrence River were several smaller communities, Eastern Ontario has always been a highway or corridor through which people moved, a corridor used by migration and conquest. Prior to European colonization, the Mohawks and Six Nations Iroquois settled and raided through the St. Lawrence valley, the French and British fought over the waterway and, after the American revolution in 1812–14, it became a battleground between Americans and Canadians. Formally founded to be a new home for refugees, it remained a home for refugees, early settlement of the region is largely undocumented although oral histories and early accounts suggest that settlers, traders and farmers existed in the area long before formal recognition. The post-contact regional population was a mixture of French Canadian, Ojibwe and these different groups mixed and integrated over time with family names and histories reflecting a blending of different backgrounds that was typical of Eastern Ontario. Smaller but nevertheless impressive contributions in the region were made by everyone from Jewish traders, craftsmen and merchants, Eastern European refugees, many of these stories go unreported. A good example is that of John Baker who died in Cornwall in 1871 at the age of 93. Born in Lower Canada, he was said to be the last Canadian born into slavery, most of these former slaves settled and integrated into the same communities where they were freed. By 1833, all slaves in the British Empire were free, John Baker, the last slave to be born into slavery in Canada, died in Cornwall. Cornwall and the area, originally called Royal Settlement #2
17.
Rat Westwick
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Harry Rat Westwick was a Canadian athlete in ice hockey and lacrosse. He was a member of the Ottawa Capitals lacrosse team from 1896 until 1904 and his brother Tom was also a professional ice hockey player. Westwick, who played during a period when hockey players received little or no money, also worked as a binder for various companies, and later. He enlisted in the Army in 1914 during World War I, when he married his wife Ruby Duval in February 1903, he combined his honeymoon with a team trip to Montreal. During the game, he suffered an ankle and watched the rest of the game from an arena seat with his bride. Ruby and Harry had six children, Bill, Thomas, Barberry, Elaine, Ula and his son Bill became the sports editor of the Ottawa Journal. Westwick died at home in Ottawa on April 3,1957, born in Ottawa, Ontario, Westwick played hockey for Ottawa teams, joining the intermediate Ottawa Aberdeens of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada in 1893. He moved up to the senior-level Ottawa Hockey Club the next season, at the time, Ottawa had lost its goaltender Albert Morel and Westwick played several games as goaltender before moving up to rover on the advice of a coach who saw his fast skating ability. During the summer, Westwick would play for the Ottawa Capitals in lacrosse, the Capitals, ostensibly an amateur team, were discovered to be paying players in 1896 and Westwick was suspended from ice hockey play. Westwick would deny receiving any money and he was reinstated by Ottawa in 1898, Westwicks best season was in 1905, when he scored 15 goals in eight regular season games, and 5 goals in the Dawson City challenge series. In 1906–07, his brother Tom joined the Ottawa squad, starting one game, by 1909, Westwicks skating ability had been reduced by a series of ankle injuries and he did not make the 1909 Ottawa squad. He played the season for the Ottawa Senators of the Federal League, on one occasion, after ice hockey had become professional in 1906, Westwick played for a team other than Ottawa. He joined the Stanley Cup champion Kenora Thistles in 1907 after the Ottawas 1907 season was complete and he played the final games of the Thistles season and played in the Thistles defense of its Stanley Cup win against the Montreal Wanderers, at the time, the arch-rival of Ottawa. The series, held in Winnipeg, was beyond the reach of the trustees, the Wanderers won the series, making the protest moot. The following year, the trustees implemented the January 1 rule, Westwick remained involved in hockey, becoming a referee in the National Hockey Association after retiring from active play. In 1915–16, at a time when players were off fighting in World War I, Westwick helped out Ottawa in a comeback role. His nickname Rat was from a Quebec City journalist, who in 1896 called Westwick a miserable, Westwicks scrappiness led opponents to resort to aggressive tactics in order to derail his tenacious playing style. His ankle injuries necessitated the amputation of his leg above the knee in 1949
18.
Frank Glass
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Frank Pud Glass was a professional ice hockey player who played in various professional and amateur leagues, including the National Hockey Association and Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association. He was a member of the Wanderers Stanley Cup champion teams in the 1905–06, 1906–07, 1907–08 and he was the captain of Montreal Wanderers when they won their fourth Stanley Cup. Frank Glass was born in Scotland, but raised in Canada and he played hockey in his neighbourhood of Pointe-Saint-Charles in Montreal. His first senior team was the Montreal Wanderers, then a team for the 1904–05 season. He would play for the Wanderers for seven seasons, in 1906, he became a professional paid player on the Wanderers, one of five out of a roster of nine. He first signed a contract with the Montreal Hockey Club, then not to report. His situation caused a problem for the league, which allowed him to play for the Wanderers. A similar situation occurred before the 1907–08 season and Glass was again fined and threatened with expulsion if he signed two contracts again. During his time with the Wanderers the Wanderers were the top team in the country, winning league championship, in 1911–12, his final season, he played for the Montreal Canadiens. Frank Glass grew up in the neighbourhood of Pointe-Saint-Charles in Montreal as fellow Montreal Wanderers player Ernie Moose Johnson. The two were inseparable companions off the ice and also teamed together on the ice. Glass and Johnson played together on the 1902–03 Montreal St. Lawrence team in the Montreal City Hockey League before rejoining in the 1906 season on the Montreal Wanderers in the ECAHA. MCHL = Montreal City Hockey League 1907 ECAHA season 1908 ECAHA season 1909 ECAHA season 1910 NHA season Coleman, trail of the Stanley Cup, vol
19.
Hamby Shore
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Samuel Hamilton Shore was a Canadian professional hockey player who played several seasons for the Ottawa Senators, notably during the Silver Seven era when the club was champion from 1903 until 1906. Shore was a victim of the epidemic of 1918. Shore joined the Ottawa Hockey Club in 1904 when the club was already Stanley Cup champion, after one season, he played out west with Winnipeg Seniors, before returning to Ottawa in 1906–07. He returned to Winnipeg to play professional, with the Winnipeg Maple Leafs and he played in the Maple Leafs unsuccessful 1908 Stanley Cup challenge against the Montreal Wanderers. He did not play the season, 1908–09 due to illness. He returned to Ottawa, now a club, in the 1909–10 season. He would remain in the organization until October 1918, when he died of the Spanish flu epidemic and he was a member of a third Stanley Cup winner, in 1911. Shore was the son of Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Shore, when Ruby became ill with the flu in October 1918, Shore also fell ill. Shore died of pneumonia after an illness in Rideau Street Hospital. Shore was a servant with the Canada federal government Department of the Interior at the time of his death. Stanley Cup Champion,1905,1910,1911 with Ottawa ECAHA all-star, list of ice hockey players who died during their playing career Hamby Shores career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database Legends of Hockey page for Hamby Shore Hamby Shore at Find a Grave
20.
Dawson City Nuggets
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They suffered the most lopsided single-game defeat in the history of Stanley Cup play. Sponsored by the Klondike entrepreneur Joseph W, the team had only one bona-fide player, ex-Ottawa star Weldy Young, but he was unable to make it to Ottawa in time, delayed in Dawson City as an election official. The team then played a series of games in the east before returning to the Yukon. Michael Onesi, a Whitehorse newspaper columnist, speculated, shortly before a 1997 re-enactment, the Nuggets participated in perhaps the most famous Stanley Cup challenge of all, against the Ottawa Hockey Club, aka The Silver Seven in 1905. Dawson City had two former elite hockey players, Weldy Young who had played for Ottawa in the 1890s, McLennan who had played for Queens College against the Montreal Victorias in the challenge of 1895. Other players were selected from other Dawson City clubs, Dawson Citys challenge was accepted in the summer of 1904 by the Stanley Cup trustees, scheduled for Friday, January 13,1905. The date of the challenge meant that Young had to later as he had to work in a federal election that December. On December 18,1904 several players set out by dogsled, at first the team made good progress, but the weather turned warm enough to thaw the roads, meaning the players had to walk several hundred miles. The team would spend the nights in police sheds along the road, at Whitehorse, the weather turned bad, causing the trains not to run for three days, causing the Nuggets to miss their steamer in Skagway. The next one could not dock for three days due to the ice buildup, the club would find the sea journey treacherous, causing seasickness amongst the team. When the steamer reached Vancouver, the area was too fogged in to dock, the team from there caught a train to Vancouver, and finally left Vancouver on January 6,1905, arriving in Ottawa on January 11. Despite the difficult journey, the Ottawa squad refused to change the date of the first game, the Klondikers received a huge welcome at the train station, had a welcoming dinner, and used the Ottawa Amateur Athletic Clubs rooms for the duration of their stay. Young would not arrive in time to play for Dawson, the first game started well for Dawson, being only down 3–1 at the half, but things turned ugly afterwards. Norman Watt of Dawson tripped Ottawas Art Moore, who retaliated with a stick to the mouth of Watt, the game ended 9–2 for Ottawa. The game left a poor taste in the Klondikers, complaining that several goals were offside, Watt then made the mistake of saying that Frank McGee wasnt that good, as he had only scored one in the first game. McGee would score 4 goals in the first half of the match and 10 in the second half. Despite this high score, the claimed that Albert Forrest. Ottawa would celebrate by hosting Dawson at a banquet, after which the players would take the Cup, the stunt was unsuccessful, with the Cup landing on the frozen ice, to be retrieved the next day
21.
Yukon
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Yukon is the smallest and westernmost of Canadas three federal territories. The territory has the smallest population of any province or territory in Canada, Whitehorse is the territorial capital and Yukons only city. The territory was split from the Northwest Territories in 1898 and was named the Yukon Territory, though officially bilingual, the Yukon Government also recognizes First Nations languages. At 5,959 m, Yukons Mount Logan, in Kluane National Park and Reserve, is the highest mountain in Canada, most of Yukon has a subarctic climate, characterized by long cold winters and brief warm summers. The Arctic Ocean coast has a tundra climate, notable rivers include the Yukon River, after which the territory was named, as well as the Pelly, Stewart, Peel, White and Tatshenshini rivers. Long before the arrival of Europeans, central and southern Yukon was populated by First Nations people, sites of archeological significance in Yukon hold some of the earliest evidence of the presence of human occupation in North America. The sites safeguard the history of the first people and the earliest First Nations of the Yukon, the volcanic eruption of Mount Churchill in approximately 800 AD in what is now the U. S. Coastal and inland First Nations had extensive trading networks, European incursions into the area only began early in the 19th century with the fur trade, followed by missionaries. By the 1870s and 1880s gold miners began to arrive and this drove a population increase that justified the establishment of a police force, just in time for the start of the Klondike Gold Rush in 1897. The increased population coming with the gold led to the separation of the Yukon district from the Northwest Territories. Its northern coast is on the Beaufort Sea and its ragged eastern boundary mostly follows the divide between the Yukon Basin and the Mackenzie River drainage basin to the east in the Mackenzie mountains. Most of the territory is in the watershed of its namesake, the southern Yukon is dotted with a large number of large, long and narrow glacier-fed alpine lakes, most of which flow into the Yukon River system. The larger lakes include Teslin Lake, Atlin Lake, Tagish Lake, Marsh Lake, Lake Laberge, Kusawa Lake, bennett Lake on the Klondike Gold Rush trail is a lake flowing into Nares Lake, with the greater part of its area within Yukon. Canadas highest point, Mount Logan, is in the territorys southwest, Mount Logan and a large part of the Yukons southwest are in Kluane National Park and Reserve, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Other national parks include Ivvavik National Park and Vuntut National Park in the north, other watersheds include the Mackenzie River, the Peel Watershed and the Alsek–Tatshenshini, and a number of rivers flowing directly into the Beaufort Sea. The two main Yukon rivers flowing into the Mackenzie in the Northwest Territories are the Liard River in the southeast, notable widespread tree species within Yukon are the black spruce and white spruce. Many trees are stunted because of the growing season and severe climate. The capital, Whitehorse, is also the largest city, with about three-quarters of the population, the second largest is Dawson City, which was the capital until 1952
22.
Aylmer, Quebec
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Aylmer is a former city in Quebec, Canada. Located on the Ottawa River and Route 148, in 2002 it amalgamated into the Quebec city of Gatineau, Aylmers population in 2011 was 55,113. It is named after Lord Aylmer, who was a Governor General of British North America and it bills itself as the Recreation Capital of the National Capital, given its many golf courses, green spaces, spas, marina and bicycle paths. There is little industry in the sector, the area being mainly residential, virtually all the major shops, services and restaurants are located along Chemin dAylmer. The sectors indoor swimming pool and skateboard park are located on that road. Aylmers population is about 30% anglophone, 61% francophoneand 9% other, prior to its foundation, parts of Aylmer, like most surrounding areas of the Ottawa region, were often occupied as summer camps by the Algonquin First Nation population. The first European explorers known to reach the location of Aylmer were Nicolas-du-Vigneau. It was only during the early 19th century that began in the region, during the same period the foundations of the communities of Hull. The road leading west from Wrights Town was named the Britannia Turnpyke, philemon’s oldest son, Philemon Junior, owned or was in charge of most of the Wright Farms, including the Chaudière Farm at Turnpyke’s End. In 1819, Philemon Junior had built the farm with a house, as well as a Hotel, in November 1821, Philemon Junior died suddenly in a tragic coach accident. As a result, Philemon Sr. needed a new manager for the Chaudière Farm. His other sons were managing the family’s timber business, so Philemon Sr. chose Charles Symmes, his nephew who had been in his uncles employ for 2 years. The Hotel was made ready for his occupancy in 1822, in October 1823, the arrangement was made official and more equitable with Charles named a partner with P. Wright & Sons in a lease agreement. Charles would manage the farm and also manage the tavern and store at the waterfront, a bitter dispute arose when the company did not honour the terms of the agreement. Charles left the P. Wright & Sons to pursue business on his own at Turnpyke’s End, Charles acquired property and, in 1830, he had his property surveyed and divided up into building lots for sale. He developed the waterfront, creating a dock and partnered in building and running the steamboat Lady Colborne, in 1831, he built the Symmes Inn, known today also by the name Auberge Symmes. The post office and county office in Aylmer were opened in 1831. The village was first incorporated in 1847 and served as centre for the region until 1897
23.
Queen's University
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Queens University at Kingston is a public research university in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Founded on 16 October 1841 via a charter issued by Queen Victoria. Queens holds more than 1,400 hectares of land throughout Ontario and owns Herstmonceux Castle in East Sussex, Queens is organized into ten undergraduate, graduate and professional faculties and schools. The Church of Scotland established Queens College in 1841 with a charter from Queen Victoria. The first classes, intended to prepare students for the ministry, were held 7 March 1842 with 13 students, Queens was the first university west of the maritime provinces to admit women and to form a student government. In 1883, a college for medical education affiliated with Queens University was established. In 1888, Queens University began offering courses, becoming the first Canadian university to do so. In 1912, Queens secularized and changed to its present legal name, Queens is a co-educational university, with more than 23,000 students, and with over 131,000 living alumni worldwide. Notable alumni include government officials, academics, business leaders and 57 Rhodes Scholars, Queens varsity teams, known as the Golden Gaels, compete in the Ontario University Athletics conference of U Sports. Queens was a result of an outgrowth of educational initiatives planned by Presbyterians in the 1830s, a draft plan for the university was presented at a synod meeting in Kingston in 1839, with a modified bill introduced through the 13th Parliament of Upper Canada during a session in 1840. On 16 October 1841, a charter was issued through Queen Victoria establishing Queens College at Kingston. They modelled the university after the University of Edinburgh and the University of Glasgow, classes began on 7 March 1842, in a small wood-frame house on the edge of the city with two professors and 15 students. The college moved several times during its first eleven years, before settling in its present location, prior to Canadian Confederation, the college was financially supported by the Presbyterian Church in Scotland, the Canadian government and private citizens. The college was rescued after Principal William Snodgrass and other created a fundraising campaign across Canada. The risk of financial ruin continued to worry the administration until the final decade. They actively considered leaving Kingston and merging with the University of Toronto as late as the 1880s, with the additional funds bequeathed from Queens first major benefactor, Robert Sutherland, the college staved off financial failure and maintained its independence. Queens was given university status on 17 May 1881, in 1883, Womens Medical College was founded at Queens with a class of three. Theological Hall, completed in 1880, originally served as Queens main building throughout the late 19th century, in 1912, Queens separated from the Presbyterian Church of Scotland and changed its name to Queens University at Kingston
24.
Kingston, Ontario
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Kingston is a city in Eastern Ontario, Canada. It is located on the end of Lake Ontario, at the beginning of the St. Lawrence River. The city is located midway between Toronto and Montreal, the Thousand Islands tourist region is nearby to the east. Kingston is nicknamed the Limestone City because of the heritage buildings constructed using local limestone. This outpost, called Fort Cataraqui or Fort Frontenac, became a focus for settlement, after the British conquered New France, the village was renamed Kingston. Kingston was named the first capital of the Province of Canada on February 10,1841, while its time as a political centre was short, Kingston has remained an important military installation. Kingston was the county seat of Frontenac County until 1998, Kingston is now a separated municipality from the County of Frontenac. A number of origins of Cataraqui, Kingstons original name, have been postulated, one is that it is derived from the Iroquois word that means the place where one hides. The name may also be derivations of Native words that mean impregnable, muddy river, place of retreat, clay bank rising out of the water or where the rivers and lake meet. Cataraqui today refers to an area around the intersection of Princess Street and Sydenham Road, Cataraqui is also the name of a municipal electoral district. Cataraqui was referred to as the Kings Town or Kings Town by 1787 in honour of King George III, the name was shortened to Kingston in 1788. Archaeological evidence suggests that people lived in the Kingston region as early as the Archaic Period, evidence of Late Woodland Period early Iroquois occupation also exists. The first more permanent encampments by aboriginal people in the Kingston area began about 500 AD, the group that first occupied the area before the arrival of the French was probably the Wyandot people, who were later displaced by Iroquoian groups. At the time the French arrived in the Kingston area, Five Nations Iroquois had settled along the shore of Lake Ontario. By 1700, the north shore Iroquois had moved south, european commercial and military influence and activities centered on the fur trade developed and increased in North America in the 17th century. Fur trappers and traders were spreading out from their centres of operation in New France, French explorer Samuel de Champlain visited the Kingston area in 1615. Settlement resumed in the early 1780s when the area soon to be called Kingston became a centre for Loyalist refugees who fled north because of the American Revolutionary War. The survey would also determine whether Cataraqui was suitable as a base since nearby Carleton Island on which a British navy base was located had been ceded to the Americans after the war
25.
Ottawa Senators
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The Ottawa Senators are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League, the Senators play their home games at the 18,694 seat Canadian Tire Centre which opened in 1996. Founded and established by Ottawa real estate developer Bruce Firestone, the team is the second NHL franchise to use the Ottawa Senators name. The original Ottawa Senators, founded in 1883, had a history, winning 11 Stanley Cups. On December 6,1990, after a public campaign by Firestone, the NHL awarded a new franchise. The current team owner is Eugene Melnyk, and in 2016, the club has been regularly represented in the top half in attendance in the NHL. Ottawa had been home to the original Senators, a founding NHL franchise, the NHL team was unsuccessful in St. Louis, and planned to return to Ottawa, but the NHL decided instead to suspend the franchise and transfer the players to other NHL teams. His firm, Terrace Investments, did not have the assets to finance the expansion fee and the team. Public support was high and the group would secure over 11,000 season ticket pledges, on December 12,1990, the NHL approved a new franchise for Firestones group, to start play in the 1992–93 season. The new team hired former NHL player Mel Bridgman, who had no previous NHL management experience, when Sutter was eventually signed to coach the Boston Bruins, Ottawa signed Rick Bowness, the man Sutter replaced in Boston. The new Senators played their first game on October 8,1992, the Senators defeated the Canadiens 5–3 in one of the few highlights that season. The Senators had aimed low and considered the 1992–93 season a small success, the long term plan was to finish low in the standings for its first few years in order to secure high draft picks and eventually contend for the Stanley Cup. Bridgman was fired after one season and Team President Randy Sexton took over the general manager duties, Firestone himself soon left the team and Rod Bryden emerged as the new owner. The strategy of aiming low and securing a high position did not change. The Senators finished last overall for the three seasons. Alexei Yashin, the teams first-ever draft selection from 1992, emerged as one of the NHLs brightest young stars, as the 1995–96 season began, star centre Alexei Yashin refused to honour his contract and did not play. Rick Bowness was fired in late 1995 and was replaced by the Prince Edward Island Senators head coach Dave Allison, Allison would fare no better than his predecessor, and the team would stumble to a 2–22–3 record under him. Sexton himself was fired and replaced by Pierre Gauthier, the former assistant GM of Anaheim, Martin outlasted several general managers and a change in ownership
26.
Dey's Arena
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The rink and arenas were built by two generations of the Dey family, who were prominent in Ottawa at the time, with a thriving boat works business serving the lumber business. The Dey family also played hockey, the first rink was opened on December 20,1884, and was located on the Rideau Canal at Waller Street and Theodore Street, next to the Dey Family boat works. The natural ice surface was 150 feet by 60 feet. This location is occupied by the Canadian Department of Defence headquarters, just south of the Federal Conference Centre. The last hockey game at the rink was held on March 30,1895, the boat works moved to Patterson Creek at Bank Street in Ottawa. The second rink, an arena, opened on December 17,1896, Deys Skating Rink, its proper name, held an estimated 3,500 spectators. The ice rink measured 200 feet by 81 feet, one of the largest indoor ice surfaces in Canada at the time, the arena featured a bandstand that could be used as a press box, and elevated seats. This was possibly the first arena designed for ice hockey in Canada, the second in North America after the St. Nicholas Rink, which opened in New York one month earlier. Deys Skating Rink was located at Bay and Ann Streets, the location at the time being on the city outskirts, the first hockey game at the arena was between the Capitals of Ottawa and Cornwalls on December 19,1896. The arena was the site of the game of the 1906 championship playoff between Ottawa and the Montreal Wanderers, a game labelled the Greatest Hockey Game in History. The Toronto Globe called it the greatest game of hockey played on Canadian ice. Although Ottawa entered the game nine goals down in a two-game playoff, over 5,400 would attend the game and the top $2 tickets were being sold for $10. Betting interest was high, including one $12,000 bet, remarkably, Ottawa tied the series with ten minutes to play before two power play goals in the last two minutes by Lester Patrick would win it for the Wanderers. In 1902, a violent summer windstorm flattened the building and it was rebuilt in time for the 1902–03 hockey season. The replacement rink followed the ice dimensions of the Montreal Arena and had semi-circular ends, in 1920, fire destroyed the rink, after which it was not rebuilt. Today, the city block it occupied is mostly single-family houses, nearby, the McNabb arena and community centre was built one block west at Percy Street and Gladstone and is operated by the City of Ottawa. In 1997, a plaque was unveiled at the rinks location at the corner of Bay. The plaque was stolen on April 14,2008 and its pedestal destroyed, a new memorial marker was installed and dedicated on November 17,2008
27.
Drop kick
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A drop kick is a type of kick in various codes of football. It involves a player dropping the ball and then kicking it when it bounces off the ground, drop kicks are most importantly used as a method of restarting play and scoring points in rugby union and rugby league. Association football goalkeepers also often return the ball to play with drop kicks, the kick was once in wide use in both Australian rules football and gridiron football, but is today rarely seen in either sport. The drop kick technique in rugby codes is usually to hold the ball with one end pointing downwards in two hands above the kicking leg. The ball is dropped onto the ground in front of the kicking foot, the kicking foot usually makes contact with the ball slightly on the instep. Drop kicks are optional for a penalty kick to score a penalty goal, in rugby union, a drop kick is used for the kick-off and restarts and to score a drop goal. Originally, it was one of two ways to score points, along with the place kick. Drop kicks are optional for a kick after a try has been scored. Drop kicks are optional for a penalty kick to score a penalty goal. This is rare, as place kicks are almost always used, when kicking for touch from a penalty, a drop kick may be used. This is rare, as the option of a punt kick is almost always taken instead, in both American and Canadian football, one method of scoring a field goal or extra point is by drop-kicking the football through the goal. It contrasts to a punt, wherein the player kicks the ball without letting it hit the ground first, and a placekick, wherein the player kicks a stationary ball off the ground, from placement. A drop kick is more difficult, as Jim Thorpe once explained. The drop kick was used in early football as a surprise tactic. The ball would be snapped or lateraled to a back, who would fake a run or pass and this method of scoring worked well in the 1920s and early 1930s, when the football was rounder at the ends. Driscolls 55 yard drop kick in 1924 stood as the record for field goal range until Bert Rechichar kicked a 56-yard field goal in 1953. In 1934, the ball was more pointed at the ends. This made passing the ball easier, as was its intent, the drop kick was supplanted by the place kick, which cannot be attempted out of a formation generally used as a running or passing set
28.
Kenora Thistles
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The Kenora Thistles were an early amateur mens ice hockey team based in Kenora, Ontario, Canada, formed in 1885 as a senior team by a group of Lake of the Woods lumbermen. The club is notable for winning the Stanley Cup as a team in 1907. The town is the smallest in population to have won the Cup. The junior team started play in leagues in the 1890s. The team nickname has been revived since the demise of the club in late 1907 to denote minor, junior. The town of Kenora was originally known as Rat Portage, in the late 1880s, an amateur senior hockey club was formed by older professional men, most of them lumbermen, gold prospectors, or individuals in the local mining businesses. Among these young men were future Hockey Hall of Famers Tommy Phillips, Tom Hooper, Billy McGimsie, over the next five years, these young players began to populate the senior team and quickly established themselves as one of the premier amateur hockey clubs of the western Canadian provinces. In 1903 they challenged the Ottawa Silver Seven for the Stanley Cup, in 1905 they again challenged the Ottawa squad with the same disappointing results. That summer, the town of Rat Portage changed its name to Kenora, in January 1907 the Thistles again challenged for the Cup, winning it in a two-game, total-goals series against the Montreal Wanderers. Two other future Hockey Hall of Famers, Art Ross and Bad Joe Hall were added to the roster from Brandon, the games were played on January 17 and 21 in Montreal. Phillips scored seven goals in the two games and Kenora defeated the Wanderers 12–8, winning both games 4–2 and 8–6, Kenora, with a 1907 population of around 4,000, is the smallest town ever to claim the Stanley Cup. Just two months later, the Thistles were challenged by the Wanderers to a re-match, roxy Beaudro retired, Si Griffis moved to British Columbia, Billy McGimsie retired due to his injury, Tommy Phillips signed with Ottawa and Fred Whitcroft signed with Edmonton. Smith and Westwick returned to Ottawa, the team continued on into the 1907–08 season. The team signed George Archambault, Matt Brown, Bill Cotter, despite the promises from a rich lumber boss by the name of Taylor Concord Kraus to provide financial support to continue to field a professional team, the Thistles folded after two games. Eddie Giroux retired, Tom Hooper signed with the Montreal Wanderers, Kenora engraved their name inside the bowl of the Stanley Cup. An intermediate version of the Kenora Thistles were a Canadian Junior Hockey Team in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League, in 1934, they won the Turnbull Cup Championship, and repeated in 1940. The Thistles went on to win the Abbott Cup, defeating the Edmonton Athletic Club earning the right to represent the west in the Memorial Cup and it was the first year that two teams from Ontario would face off for the Memorial Cup. The best-of-five series was played in Winnipeg, Kenora lost the final in four games to the Oshawa Generals
29.
Tommy Phillips
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Thomas Neil Phillips was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger. One of the best defensive forwards of his era, he was known for his all around skill. His younger brother, Russell, also played for the Thistles, when the Hockey Hall of Fame was founded in 1945, Phillips was one of the original nine inductees. Born in Rat Portage, Ontario on May 5,1883, Phillips father, James Phillip, was a superintendent of construction during the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway transcontinental rail line west of the Great Lakes. Phillips was the youngers of three children, both his brother Robert, born in 1878 and sister Margaret born in 1879, were born in Ottawa, after Margaret was born, the family moved to Rat Portage while James worked on the construction of the railway. He was a child when he first learned to play hockey, and when old enough he joined the junior Rat Portage Thistles. Regarded as one of the best players in northwestern Ontario, Phillips moved east to Montreal in 1902 to attend McGill University, where he joined the schools hockey team and was named captain. The following year he joined the Montreal HC of the Canadian Amateur Hockey League, later that year he moved to Toronto to attend the Central Business School. He played for the Toronto Marlboros and was regarded as the teams best player after he changed from his position of left wing to play rover. The Marlboros lost the series, though Phillips had the most assists and penalty minutes, with eight and fifteen, respectively. He was also regarded by Ottawa reporters to be by far the best player on the Marlboros, Phillips moved back to Rat Portage in 1904 when he learned his father was dying. Offered a job with a company, and a $1,000 bonus to play hockey for the Thistles, he stayed in the city, much to the disappointment of the Marlboros. Rat Portage changed its name from to Kenora in 1905, due to their proximity to Manitoba, the Thistles played in the Manitoba Hockey League. In the 1904–05 season Phillips had the second most goals on the team and league, with twenty-six, the Thistles won the Manitoba league championship, which allowed them to challenge for the Stanley Cup. By this time Phillips was regarded as one of the best players in Canada, the Montreal Herald reported that nine of out ten people will reply that either Frank McGee or Tom Phillips is the best player in the country. In the first game against Ottawa, Phillips scored the first two goals, then added three goals in the second half of the game as the Thistles won by a score of 9–3. Ottawa won the game, 4–2, while Phillips was held pointless. In the third and deciding game of the series Phillips scored the first goal of the game, the following season the Thistles won the Stirling Cup as champions of western Canada, which allowed them the right to challenge for the Cup again
30.
Centre (ice hockey)
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The centre in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice, away from the side boards. Centres have more flexibility in their positioning and are expected to cover more ice surface than any other player, centres are ideally stronger, faster skaters who can back check quickly from deep in the opposing zone. Generally, centres are expected to be gifted passers more so than goal scorers and they are also expected to have exceptional ice vision, intelligence, and creativity. They also generally are the most defensively oriented forwards on the ice, centres usually play as part of a line of players that are substituted frequently to keep fresh and keep the game moving. First-liners are usually the top players, although some top players make the line to allow for offensive scoring opportunities. Centres are required to cover much of the ice in all three zones, where the centre tends to play in the offensive zone is usually a matter of coaching and personal preference. Centres are responsible for keeping the flow of the moving, and generally handle. Because of this, most good centres tend to score rather than goals because the play goes through them as they try to find open teammates. Because the range of offensive styles teams like to use, exactly how centres are used in the zone is as varied as the players themselves. Generally the centres role on offence is to move the offence through himself, setting up other players and they roam around most areas of the ice in the zone and have a lot of freedom in decision making. They are also expected to constantly be in motion causing defenders to have a time tracking them. Zone Entry The matter of bringing the puck in the zone generally is accomplished in two ways, the first involves the teams best puck carrier using his speed and quickness to cross the blue line with the puck and set up the offence. Once the puck is freed the offence can then set up as normal, behind the net When a centres winger is being attacked along the boards, the centre can take position behind the net to receive the pressured wingers pass. Behind the net is a place for some centres to play. It is a difficult position to defend because it forces the opposing defencemen to leave the front of the net. It also gives the centre a view of the ice. From here the centre has clear passing lanes and minimizes the distance, in the slot Many centres use their mobility and freedom to take advantage of the slot area, the area in between the faceoff dots, about 5 to 15 feet from the goal. The slot area is notorious goalscoring territory because of its proximity to the net, centres like this area because of its openness
31.
Winger (ice hockey)
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Winger, in the game of ice hockey, is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area. They typically work by flanking the centre forward, originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink. Nowadays, there are different types of wingers in the game — out-and-out goal scorers, checkers who disrupt the opponents and they tend to be bigger than centreman and smaller than defenceman. This position is referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes. On the backcheck, it is essential that they cover the last free opposing player rushing in, once the puck is controlled by the opposing team in the defensive zone, however, wingers are responsible for covering the defenceman on their side of the ice. Prior to the puck being dropped for a face-off, players other than taking the face-off must not make any physical contact with players on the opposite team. After the puck is dropped, it is essential for wingers to engage the players to prevent them from obtaining possession of the puck. Once a team has established control of the puck, wingers can set themselves up into an appropriate position, some wingers are also employed to handle faceoffs. Rover Centre Defenceman Forward Goaltender Power forward List of NHL players
32.
Billy Gilmour
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Hamilton Livingstone Billy Gilmour was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. A winger, Gilmour played for the Ottawa Hockey Club in the Canadian Amateur Hockey League, two brothers, Suddy Gilmour and Dave Gilmour, also played with Ottawa. He was a member of five Ottawa Stanley Cup championship teams in 1903,1904,1905,1906 and 1909 and he also played competitively for McGill University and Montreal Victorias. He retired from ice hockey in 1909, but returned to play two games for Ottawa in the 1915–16 season. At 15, Gilmour played for the Ottawa Aberdeens in the Canadian Amateur Hockey League intermediate division and he played two seasons with the club and joined the Ottawa Hockey Club for the 1903 season, where he played with his brothers Suddy and Dave. After finishing McGill in 1907, Gilmour played one season with the Montreal Victorias and he returned to Ottawa to join the now-professional Ottawa Hockey Club for the 1908-09 season, scoring nine goals in eleven games as Ottawa won the league and another Stanley Cup championship. In 1909, Gilmour moved to Montreal, married and stopped playing competitive hockey, Gilmour did play some exhibition games for the Ottawa New Edinburghs in 1911, and played two games with the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey Association in 1916. Gilmour was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963, born in 1885 in Ottawa, Gilmour was one of four sons of five children born to Mr. and Mrs. John Gilmour. The other children were Dave, Sutherland, Ward and his sister Gilbert, the family business was lumber, and Gilmours father was a partner in Gilmour and Highson Lumber. While playing ice hockey for Ottawa, Gilmour was studying engineering at McGill University of Montreal. Gilmour married Merle Woods of Montreal and moved to Paris, France before returning to Canada in 1942 to reside in Mount Royal, Quebec, Gilmour is buried at Beechwood Cemetery in Ottawa. Honoured Members, Hockey Hall of Fame, Billy Gilmours biography at Legends of Hockey Billy Gilmour at Find a Grave
33.
Horace Gaul
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Born in Gaspé, Quebec, Canada, the Gaul family moved to Ottawa, Ontario. Horace first played amateur hockey for the Ottawa Silver Seven in 1904–05. In 1906, he became professional, joining Pittsburgh of the International Hockey League, in 1907, he returned to Canada, playing for Brockville and Renfrew senior teams. In 1908–09, he split his time with Pittsburgh and Haileybury and he stayed with Haileybury for the inaugural National Hockey Association 1910 season. When the team folded the next year, he returned to play for Ottawa, in 1911, he joined New Glasgow of the Maritime Professional Hockey League. He played his season in 1912–13 for the new Toronto Tecumsehs of the NHA
34.
Billy Bawlf
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William Billy Richard Bawlf was a Canadian ice hockey player in the early 1900s. At the time of the 1911 Canadian Census, he was married to Mary Ada Bawlf and his wife died in 1943, and he died in 1972. Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Billy joined the Winnipeg Victorias in 1900 and he played two seasons for the club, including their Stanley Cup win, in 1901, although he did not play in the challenge series. In 1902, he joined the Winnipeg Rowing Club team for two seasons, the club played an unsuccessful challenge of the Ottawa Silver Seven in 1904
35.
Defenceman
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Defence in ice hockey is a player position whose primary responsibility is to prevent the opposing team from scoring. They are often referred to as defencemen, D, D-men or blueliners, a good defenceman is both strong in defensive and offensive play and for defenceman pairing also need to be good at defending and attacking. In regular play, two defencemen complement three forwards and a goaltender on the ice, organized play of ice hockey originates from the first indoor game in Montreal in 1875. In subsequent years, the players per side were reduced to seven per side, positions were standardized, and two correspond to the two defencemen of current six-man rules. These were designated as cover point and point, although they lined up behind the center, decades later, defencemen were standardized into playing left and right sides of the ice. According to one of the earliest books on ice hockey, Farrells Hockey, Canadas Royal Winter Game, Mike Grant of the Montreal Victorias and he should not stray too far from his place, because oftentimes he is practically a second goal-minder. Although he should remain close to his goal-keeper, he should never obstruct that mans view of the puck, in his capacity of a defence player, he should linger around his goals as long as the puck is near. It is by playing far up under these circumstances that a clever cover-point can chine to the advantage of his team. If he has an opening he should shoot well for the goals. Each year the NHL, the ice hockey league in the world. Bobby Orr of the Boston Bruins – an eight-time Norris Trophy recipient – is often considered to be the greatest defenceman in NHL, in addition to his Norris Trophy honours, he is the only defenceman in NHL history to capture the Art Ross Trophy as the leagues leading scorer. In 1998, Orr was selected as the best defenceman of all-time in The Hockey News Top 100 NHL Players of all-time, conversely, according to the IIHF Centennial All-Star Team, the greatest defencemen to play in IIHF-sanctioned international competition are Vyacheslav Fetisov and Börje Salming. Defence players are often described by the amount they participate in the offence, the extreme of non-participation in offence is a Stay-at-home defender, who takes few risks and does not score much, instead focusing on defending against the opposing team. The extreme of participation is a defenceman, who gets aggressively involved in the teams offence. To accomplish this, the defence player often pinches in to keep the play from going offside and moves towards the halfboards. This makes it difficult for the team to protect their net from being scored upon if the team can maintain control of the puck. However, this can lead to more odd man rushes and breakaway opportunities for the team if the defender does not succeed. Bobby Orrs end-to-end rushing allowed him to defend effectively as well as attack, by contrast, Paul Coffey enjoyed high offensive production but his defensive play was considered mediocre for most of his career
36.
Harvey Pulford
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Harvey Ernest Pulford was a Canadian athlete at the turn of the twentieth century, winning national championships in ice hockey, lacrosse, football, boxing, paddling and rowing. A highly regarded defenceman with the Ottawa Hockey Club, where he was known for being a large, with Ottawa he won the Stanley Cup four times, and also won championships or tournaments in every sport in which he played. When the Hockey Hall of Fame was founded in 1945, Pulford was one of the original nine inductees, born in Toronto, Harvey Pulford moved to Ottawa at an early age. Pulford joined the Ottawa Hockey Club in 1893, playing as a defenceman, in his first season, Pulford played in the first Stanley Cup playoff games, against the Montreal Hockey Club. Pulford played for Ottawa until 1908, the year that Ottawa became professional, Pulford was captain of the Ottawa Hockey Club during the Ottawa Silver Seven era when the club won the Stanley Cup in March 1903 and held it until March 1906. After retirement from playing, Pulford continued in the game as a referee, in 1933, Pulford was given an option to buy the Ottawa club, by then known as the Senators, and move it to Baltimore, Maryland, but the purchase did not go through. Pulford was outstanding in several sports and he was a backfielder for the Ottawa Football Club football team from 1893 to 1909, winning national championships in 1898,1899,1900, and 1902. He also served as captain of the team and he played lacrosse for the Ottawa Lacrosse Club from 1893 to 1900, winning four national titles. As a boxer, he won Eastern Canadian light heavyweight and heavyweight titles between 1896 and 1898, despite members of his rowing club telling him to stay out of hockey, Pulford wanted to play for the Stanley Cup and rejoined the Senators a few days before the season started. Pulford was an excellent rower, Britannia Boating Club winning national and U. S. championships and he was a member of the 1910 Ottawa Rowing Club eight that defeated every one of its opponents in 1910, earning the Canadian and North American championships. Pulford later became president of the Ottawa Rowing Club and he served as president of Ottawa Rowing Club until resigning in 1936. Pulford resigned as a rower with the Ottawa Rowing Club, in 1916, Pulford was a candidate to succeed Emmett Quinn as president of the National Hockey Association, though he lost to Frank Robinson. He was nominated by Eddie Livingstone to replace Frank Calder as president of the by-then defunct NHA in a meeting on September 28,1918. Pulford remained active in later in life. In his late 40s, he won the Ottawa squash championship, Pulford was a charter member of the Hockey Hall of Fame and the Ottawa Sports Hall of Fame. He was, with Russell Bowie, Harry Westwick and Alf Smith and he was also inducted into the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in 2003 and into Canadas Sports Hall of Fame in 2015. Pulford married Annis Mae Field of Brockville, Ontario, Annis Mae died giving birth to son, Harvey F. Pulford, on December 7,1904. Pulford worked for the Imperial Life Assurance Company of Canada from 1921 until his death, Pulford died October 31,1940 and was buried in Ottawas Beechwood Cemetery
37.
Arthur A. C. Moore
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Arthur Augustus Cutler Moore was an elite amateur ice hockey defenceman for the Ottawa Hockey Club during the era that it was known as the Silver Seven from 1903 to 1906. The Club won the Stanley Cup in March 1903 and held it through challenges until March 1906. Moore married Flossie Bryson in 1912, the couple had three children, including daughter Jean, daughter Helen and son Arthur Jr. Moore missed most of the 1907 season due to a broken ankle. He was released two games in the 1908 season. The Trail of the Stanley Cup, volume 1, 1893-1926 inc
38.
Goaltender
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In ice hockey, the goaltender is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their teams net, thus preventing the opposing team from scoring. The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease, goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots. In todays age of goaltending there are two styles, butterfly and hybrid. Because of the power of shots, the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact, the goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice, as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game. One-on-one situations, such as breakaways and shootouts, have the tendency to highlight a goaltenders pure skill, only one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time. The goaltender is also known as the goalie, goaler, goalkeeper, net minder, in the early days of the sport, the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender. The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches, the variation goalie is typically used for items associated with the position, such as goalie stick and goalie pads. Goaltending is a position in ice hockey, at higher levels in the game, no goalies play other positions. A typical ice hockey team may have two or three goaltenders on its roster, the NHL requires each team have a list of emergency goalies. The list provides goalie options for both the home and visiting teams and these goalies are to be called to a game if a team does not have two goalies to start the game. An emergency goalie may also be called if both roster goalies are injured in the same game, Jennings Trophy for fewest goals allowed. Martin Brodeur was the first goaltender in the National Hockey League to score a game-winning goal, the goaltender has special privileges and training that other players do not. He or she wears special goaltending equipment that is different from that worn by players and is subject to specific regulations. Goalies may use any part of their bodies to block shots, the goalie may legally hold the puck with his hands to cause a stoppage of play. If a player from the team hits the goaltender without making an attempt to get out of his way. In some leagues, if a goalies stick breaks, he can continue playing with a stick until the play is stopped. Additionally, if a goaltender acts in such a way that would cause a player to be given a penalty, such as slashing or tripping another player. Instead, one of the teammates who was on the ice at the time of the infraction is sent to the penalty box in his or her place
39.
Billy Hague
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William Robert Hague was a professional ice hockey goaltender. He won the Stanley Cup with the Ottawa Hockey Club in 1905 and he played in three other Stanley Cup challenges during his career. Hague first played hockey in the Ottawa City Hockey League for the Ottawa Emmetts. He joined the Ottawa Hockey Club during the Silver Seven era, in 1905, in 1906 he was replaced by Percy LeSueur and he joined the Ottawa Victorias for the 1906–07 season. He played for the Victorias in a Cup challenge against Montreal Wanderers in 1908 losing a two-game series and he later played for Galt, Ontario of the OPHL. With Galt he played in a Stanley Cup challenge against Ottawa losing 7–4 in 1911 and he later played for Halifax Socials and Montreal Wanderers of the NHA. He retired after the 1916–17 season, the Trail of the Stanley Cup, Vol.1, 1893–1926 inc
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