1.
American League
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The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League, is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in the United States and Canada. It developed from the Western League, a league based in the Great Lakes states. It is sometimes called the Junior Circuit because it claimed Major League status for the 1901 season,25 years after the formation of the National League. At the end of season, the American League champion plays in the World Series against the National League champion. Through 2016, American League teams have won 64 of the 112 World Series played since 1903, the 2016 American League champions are the Cleveland Indians. The New York Yankees have won 40 American League titles, the most in the history, followed by the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics. Originally a minor league known as the Western League, the American League later developed into a major league after the American Association disbanded, in its early history, the Western League struggled until 1894, when Ban Johnson became the president of the league. Johnson led the Western League into major league status and soon became the president of the newly renamed American League, babe Ruth, noted as one of the most prolific hitters in Major League Baseball history, spent the majority of his career in the American League. The American League has one notable difference versus the National League, in 1902, the Milwaukee Brewers moved to St. Louis and were renamed the St. Louis Browns. In 1902, The Cleveland Bluebirds were also renamed the Cleveland Broncos, in 1903, the Broncos were renamed the Cleveland Naps. In 1915, the Naps were renamed the Cleveland Indians, in 1903, the Baltimore Orioles moved to New York and were renamed the New York Highlanders. In 1913, the Highlanders were renamed the New York Yankees, in 1904, the Chicago White Stockings were renamed the Chicago White Sox. In 1908, the Boston Americans were renamed the Boston Red Sox, in 1954, the St. Louis Browns moved to Baltimore and were renamed as the Baltimore Orioles. In 1955, the Philadelphia Athletics moved to Kansas City and were renamed as the Kansas City Athletics, in 1961, the league expanded and added two teams as the Los Angeles Angels and the Washington Senators, expanding the league to 10 teams. The original Senators team moved to Minneapolis/St, Paul in 1961 and were renamed as the Minnesota Twins. The Angels team name changed to the California Angels in 1966, then to the Anaheim Angels in 1997, the Kansas City Royals and the Seattle Pilots were added to the American League, expanding the league to 12 teams. In 1970, the Seattle Pilots moved to Milwaukee and were renamed the Milwaukee Brewers, in 1972, the Washington Senators relocated to the Dallas/Fort Worth area and were renamed the Texas Rangers. In 1977, the league expanded to fourteen teams, when the Seattle Mariners, in 1998, the Tampa Bay Rays was added to the American League and at the same time, the Milwaukee Brewers were switched to the National League, leaving the American League with 14 teams
2.
Boston
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Boston is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County, although the county government was disbanded on July 1,1999. The city proper covers 48 square miles with a population of 667,137 in 2015, making it the largest city in New England. Alternately, as a Combined Statistical Area, this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people, One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon U. S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education, through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year, Bostons many firsts include the United States first public school, Boston Latin School, first subway system, the Tremont Street Subway, and first public park, Boston Common. Bostons economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, the city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings. Bostons early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine but later renamed it Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, England, the renaming on September 7,1630 was by Puritan colonists from England who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest of fresh water. Their settlement was limited to the Shawmut Peninsula, at that time surrounded by the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River. The peninsula is thought to have been inhabited as early as 5000 BC, in 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colonys first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history, over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their Indian allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid-18th century, Bostons harbor activity was significantly curtailed by the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812. Foreign trade returned after these hostilities, but Bostons merchants had found alternatives for their investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the economy, and the citys industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance by the mid-19th century. Boston remained one of the nations largest manufacturing centers until the early 20th century, a network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a network of railroads furthered the regions industry. Boston was a port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies
3.
Massachusetts
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It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston, over 80% of Massachusetts population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution, during the 20th century, Massachusetts economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance. Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England, founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, in 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of Americas most infamous cases of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials. In 1777, General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory, which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances, in 1786, Shays Rebellion, a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans, influenced the United States Constitutional Convention. In the 18th century, the Protestant First Great Awakening, which swept the Atlantic World, in the late 18th century, Boston became known as the Cradle of Liberty for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution. The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before the American Civil War, Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist, temperance, in the late 19th century, the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke, respectively. Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state, including the Adams, both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world. Massachusetts public school students place among the top nations in the world in academic performance, the official name of the state is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. While this designation is part of the official name, it has no practical implications. Massachusetts has the position and powers within the United States as other states. Massachusetts was originally inhabited by tribes of the Algonquian language family such as the Wampanoag, Narragansett, Nipmuc, Pocomtuc, Mahican, and Massachusett. While cultivation of crops like squash and corn supplemented their diets, villages consisted of lodges called wigwams as well as longhouses, and tribes were led by male or female elders known as sachems. Between 1617 and 1619, smallpox killed approximately 90% of the Massachusetts Bay Native Americans, the first English settlers in Massachusetts, the Pilgrims, arrived via the Mayflower at Plymouth in 1620, and developed friendly relations with the native Wampanoag people. This was the second successful permanent English colony in the part of North America that later became the United States, the event known as the First Thanksgiving was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World which lasted for three days
4.
Henry Killilea
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Henry James Killilea was an American baseball team owner and attorney. He was one of the founders of baseballs American League and he also played college football and baseball at the University of Michigan. Killilea was born in Poygan, Wisconsin, in 1863 and his parents, Matthew and Mary Killilea emigrated from Ireland in 1849 and established a farm in Winnebago County, Wisconsin. Killilea was raised on the farm and attended public school in Winneconne. After completing grade school, Killilea attended Oshkosh Normal School and then taught school at Clay Banks, in the fall of 1882, Killilea enrolled at the University of Michigan, where he studied law. He also played for the Michigan Wolverines baseball team and for the 1883 and 1884 Michigan Wolverines football teams. He played at the position on the 1883 team, and as a senior. He graduated from Michigan in 1885, after graduating from Michigan, Killilea established a law practice in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1885. He specialized in trial practice, with much of his early practice constituting criminal defense and he gained attention for his defense of a school teacher who broke a students neck. He later worked as counsel to the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, Killilea also had a long association with professional baseball. His younger brother, Matthew Killilea, became the president of the Milwaukee Brewers of the Western League, the other members of the group were Connie Mack, Charles Comiskey, and the leader of the effort, Ban Johnson. Their first meeting was held in Killileas home at 1616 Grand Avenue in Milwaukee, while Ban Johnson is regarded as the father of the American League, the Sporting Life in July 1904 dubbed Killilea the godfather of the American League. Killileas other significant efforts in the years of the league include the following. Killilea prepared and notarized the articles of incorporation for the new Chicago White Stockings club, Killilea also played a leadership rule in bringing American League baseball to New York. He was assigned by the league to seek financial backers for an American League club in New York for the 1903 season, the efforts to establish a club in New York were successful, and the New York Highlanders began play in April 1903. In January 1903, Killilea served as chairman of the American Leagues peace committee charged with negotiating an end to the war with the National League. The platform developed by Killileas committee included proposals to combat players jumping their contracts to switch leagues, creation of a reserve rule, as part of the peace efforts, Killilea drew up the National Agreement under which both leagues thereafter operated. Killilea has been credited as the factor in the peace agreement
5.
Jimmy Collins
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James Joseph Collins was an American professional baseball player. He played fourteen seasons in Major League Baseball, Collins was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945. Collins was especially regarded for his defense, as of 2012, he is second all-time in putouts by a third baseman behind Brooks Robinson. At the plate, Collins finished his career with 65 home runs,1055 runs scored,983 RBI, Collins was also the first manager of the Boston Red Sox franchise, then known as the Boston Americans. He was the manager in the first-ever World Series, as Boston defeated the Pittsburg Pirates in the 1903 World Series. Jimmy Collins was born in Niagara Falls, New York, after graduating St. Josephs Collegiate Institute he went to work for the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad and played baseball in the Buffalo City League. Collins began his baseball career with the minor league Buffalo Bisons of the Eastern League. That season, he was used primarily as a shortstop, batting.286 in 76 games, in 1894, Collins was moved to the outfield by the Bisons. He batted.352 with nine runs in 125 games. Collins began his league career as a right fielder, playing ten games at the position with the Beaneaters in 1895. On May 19, he was loaned to the Louisville Colonels and he was soon made the teams starting third baseman, batting.279 over the remainder of the season. However, his impact was on defense, where he played in on the grass rather than back to cut down on the number of bunt hits. Collins was returned to the Beaneaters after the 1895 season, joe Harrington was the clubs starting third baseman at the beginning of the season, but Collins soon asserted himself as the starter, and Harrington was released in July. Collins asserted himself as a player in 1897 when he held a.346 batting average. He led the league in putouts and assists as well, a feat he would duplicate in 1900. He followed with an equally impressive 1898 season, in which he hit. 328—seventh in the league—drove in 111 runs and belted a league-high 15 home runs. Following the 1900 season, Collins, who was by now regarded as the best third baseman in the game, was offered the job with the Boston Americans of the new American League. He accepted the job, which came with a salary of $5,500, a $3,500 signing bonus, in 1902, Collins was limited to 108 games by injury, and the Americans finished third
6.
1903 Boston Americans season
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The 1903 Boston Americans season was the third season for the professional baseball franchise that later became known as the Boston Red Sox. The Americans finished first in the American League with a record of 91 wins and 47 losses and they went on to participate in the first World Series held between the AL and National League champions. The Americans won the 1903 World Series in eight games over the Pittsburgh Pirates, the team was managed by Jimmy Collins and played their home games at Huntington Avenue Grounds. The 1903 Boston Americans won the American League championship by finishing 14½ games ahead of the Philadelphia Athletics, the Americans were led by Buck Freeman, who hit 13 home runs and drove in 104 runs, his third straight 100-RBI campaign for the Boston club. Meanwhile, they won 10 straight games in early June to put themselves in the AL lead for good and they met the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first modern World Series, an agreement between the AL and the NL as a post-season tournament. The Amerks won the series in 8 games, winning the 8th game at Huntington Avenue Grounds to clinch the championship. Note, Pos = position, G = Games played, AB = At Bats, H = Hits, Avg. com 1903 Boston Americans at Fueled by Sports
7.
1905 Boston Americans season
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The 1905 Boston Americans season was the fifth season for the professional baseball franchise that later became known as the Boston Red Sox. The Americans finished fourth in the American League with a record of 78 wins and 74 losses, the team was managed by Jimmy Collins and played its home games at Huntington Avenue Grounds. December 26,1904, George Stone and cash were traded by the Americans to the St. Louis Browns for Jesse Burkett, Note, Pos = Position, G = Games played, AB = At bats, H = Hits, Avg. = Batting average, HR = Home runs, RBI = Runs batted in Note, G = Games played, AB = At bats, H = Hits, Avg
8.
Boston Red Sox
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The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball as a club of the American League East division. The Red Sox have won eight World Series championships and have played in 13, founded in 1901 as one of the American Leagues eight charter franchises, the Red Sox home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912. The Red Sox name was chosen by the owner, John I. Taylor, around 1908, following the lead of previous teams that had known as the Boston Red Stockings. Boston was a dominant team in the new league, defeating the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series in 1903 and winning four more championships by 1918. Following their victory in the 2013 World Series, they became the first team to win three World Series trophies in the 21st century, including championships in 2004 and 2007. Red Sox history has also marked by the teams intense rivalry with the Yankees. The Boston Red Sox are owned by Fenway Sports Group, which owns the Liverpool F. C. of the Premier League in England. The Red Sox are consistently one of the top MLB teams in road attendance. From May 15,2003 to April 10,2013, the Red Sox sold out every home game—a total of 820 games for a professional sports record. Neil Diamonds Sweet Caroline has become an anthem for the Red Sox, the name Red Sox, chosen by owner John I. Taylor after the 1907 season, refers to the red hose in the team uniform beginning 1908. Sox had been adopted for the Chicago White Sox by newspapers needing a headline-friendly form of Stockings. The team name Red Sox had previously used as early as 1888 by a colored team from Norfolk. The Spanish language media sometimes refers to the team as Medias Rojas, the official Spanish site uses the variant Los Red Sox. The Red Stockings nickname was first used by a team by the Cincinnati Red Stockings. Managed by Harry Wright, Cincinnati adopted a uniform with white knickers and red stockings and earned the famous nickname, the Boston Red Stockings won four championships in the five seasons of the new National Association, the first professional league. Other names were used before Boston officially adopted the nickname Braves in 1912
9.
National League
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Both leagues currently have 15 teams. The two league champions of 1903 arranged to compete against each other in the inaugural World Series, after the 1904 champions failed to reach a similar agreement, the two leagues formalized the World Series as an arrangement between the leagues. National League teams have won 48 of the 112 World Series contested from 1903 to 2016, the 2016 National League champions are the Chicago Cubs. By 1875, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players was dangerously weak, additionally, Hulbert had a problem—five of his star players were threatened with expulsion from the NAPBBP because Hulbert had signed them to his club using what were considered questionable means. Hulbert had a vested interest in creating his own league. After recruiting St. Louis privately, four western clubs met in Louisville, Kentucky, Boston Red Stockings, the dominant team in the N. A. Hartford Dark Blues from the N. A. Mutual of New York from the N. A. St. Louis Brown Stockings from the N. A, the only strong club from 1875 excluded in 1876 was a second one in Philadelphia, often called the White Stockings or Phillies. The first game in National League history was played on April 22,1876, at Philadelphias Jefferson Street Grounds, 25th & Jefferson, the new leagues authority was tested after the first season. The National League operated with six clubs during 1877 and 1878, over the next several years, various teams joined and left the struggling league. By 1880, six of the eight members had folded. The two remaining original NL franchises, Boston and Chicago, remain in operation today as the Atlanta Braves, in 1883 the New York Gothams and Philadelphia Phillies began National League play. Both teams remain in the NL today, the Phillies in their original city, the NL encountered its first strong rival organization when the American Association began play in 1882. The A. A. played in cities where the NL did not have teams, offered Sunday games and alcoholic beverages in locales where permitted, the National League and the American Association participated in a version of the World Series seven times during their ten-year coexistence. These contests were less organized than the modern Series, lasting as few as three games and as many as fifteen, with two Series ending in disputed ties, the NL won four times and the A. A. only once, in 1886. Starting with the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1887, the National League began to raid the American Association for franchises to replace NL teams that folded and this undercut the stability of the A. A. Other new leagues that rose to compete with the National League were the Union Association, the Union Association was established in 1884 and folded after playing only one season, its league champion St. Louis Maroons joining the NL. The NL suffered many defections of star players to the Players League, the Brooklyn, Chicago, Pittsburgh, and New York franchises of the NL absorbed their Players League counterparts. The labor strife of 1890 hastened the downfall of the American Association, after the 1891 season, the A. A. disbanded and merged with the NL, which became known legally for the next decade as the National League and American Association
10.
1904 New York Giants season
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The 1904 New York Giants season was the 22nd season in franchise history. They led the National League in both runs scored and fewest runs allowed, on their way to 106 wins and the pennant, the first modern World Series had been played the previous year, but manager John McGraw and owner John T. Brush refused to play the American League champion Boston Americans and they would change their position the following year. The Giants had little offensive firepower in this era but scored using a balanced lineup. The lineup featured three of the top five stolen base leaders in the majors, Bill Dahlen, Sam Mertes, and Dan McGann. They also had one of the greatest pitching duos of all-time in Joe McGinnity and Christy Mathewson and they combined for 68 wins – a 20th-century record for two pitchers on the same team. August 7,1904, Doc Marshall was purchased from the Giants by the Boston Beaneaters, Note, Pos = Position, G = Games played, AB = At bats, H = Hits, Avg. = Batting average, HR = Home runs, RBI = Runs batted in Note, G = Games played, AB = At bats, H = Hits, Avg
11.
1904 World Series
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In 1904, there was no World Series played between the champions of the two major leagues, the American League and the National League. The champions were the Boston Americans, who repeated their 1903 AL championship, mcGraw said his Giants were already the world champions because they were the champions of the only real major league. As early as July 5,1904, as reported in Sporting Life, at that point in the season, the Giants were comfortably on top of the NL standings, and the New York Highlanders were just 1½ games behind the Boston Americans. The American League race went down to the wire, and the Highlanders temporarily took over first place on October 7 when they defeated Boston, but the Americans won three of their four remaining games to clinch the AL pennant. Boston had defeated National League champion Pittsburgh in the 1903 World Series, the Giants maintained that the rules for the World Series were haphazardly defined. The World Series was not an event and was not governed by an authoritative body. Stung by criticism from fans and writers, Brush in January 1905 drafted rules that both leagues adopted that winter, the rules compelled the two winning clubs to participate and governed the annual determination of sites, dates, ticket prices and division of receipts. These new rules made the World Series the premier annual Major League Baseball event. Boston slumped in 1905, while New York repeated its NL championship, the Series has been played every year since except 1994, when a 232-day players strike ended the season in mid-August
12.
Cy Young
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Denton True Cy Young was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. During his 22-season baseball career, he pitched for five different teams, Young established numerous pitching records, some of which have stood for a century. Young compiled 511 wins, which is most in Major League history and 94 ahead of Walter Johnson, Young was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1937. One year after Youngs death, the Cy Young Award was created to honor the previous seasons best pitcher, in addition to wins, Young still holds the major league records for most career innings pitched, most career games started, and most complete games. He also retired with 316 losses, the most in MLB history, Youngs 76 career shutouts are fourth all-time. He also won at least 30 games in a five times. In addition, Young pitched three no-hitters, including the perfect game in baseball history, first in baseballs modern era. In 1999,88 years after his major league appearance and 44 years after his death. That same year, baseball fans named him to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team, Youngs career started in 1890 with the Cleveland Spiders. After eight years with the Spiders, Young was moved to St. Louis in 1899, after two years there, Young jumped to the newly created American League, joining the Boston franchise. He was traded back to Cleveland in 1909, before spending the two months of his career with the Boston Rustlers. After his retirement, Young went back to his farm in Ohio, Cy Young was the oldest child born to McKinzie Young, Jr. and German American Nancy Mottmiller. The couple had four children, Jesse Carlton, Alonzo, Ella. When the couple married, McKinzies father gave him the 54 acres of land he owned. Young was born in Gilmore, a farming community located in Washington Township, Tuscarawas County. He was christened Denton True Young, Some sources later, and even today, list his middle name erroneously as Tecumseh, apparently as a result of being nicknamed The Chief by teammates. He was raised on one of the farms and went by the name Dent Young in his early years. Young was also known as Farmer Young and Farmboy Young, Young stopped his formal education after he completed the sixth grade so he could help out on the familys farm
13.
No-hitter
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In baseball, a no-hitter is a game in which a team was not able to record a single hit. Major League Baseball officially defines a no-hitter as a game in which a team that batted in at least nine innings recorded no hits. A pitcher who prevents the team from achieving a hit is said to have thrown a no-hitter. This is an accomplishment for a pitcher or pitching staff, only 295 have been thrown in Major League Baseball history since 1876. In most cases in MLB, no-hitters are recorded by a pitcher who throws a complete game. The most recent no-hitter by a pitcher was thrown on April 21,2016 by Jake Arrieta of the Chicago Cubs against the Cincinnati Reds at Cincinnatis Great American Ball Park. The most recent combined no-hitter was thrown by Cole Hamels, Jake Diekman, Ken Giles and it is possible to reach base without a hit, most commonly by a walk, error, or being hit by a pitch. A no-hitter in which no batters reach base at all is a perfect game, on two occasions, a team has thrown a nine-inning no-hitter and still lost the game. It is theoretically possible for opposing pitchers to throw no-hitters in the same game, although this has never happened in the majors. A no-hitter is defined by Major League Baseball as follows, An official no-hit game occurs when a pitcher allows no hits during the course of a game. Games lost by the team in 8½ innings but without allowing any hits do not qualify as no-hitters. Major League Baseball has officially recognized 295 no-hitters thrown since 1876, two no-hitters have been thrown on the same day twice, Ted Breitenstein and Jim Hughes on April 22,1898, and Dave Stewart and Fernando Valenzuela on June 29,1990. Eight no-hitters were thrown by major league pitchers in the 1884 season, in the modern era, seven no-hitters were thrown in 1990,1991,2012, and 2015. The longest period between any two no-hitters in the era is 3 years,44 days between Bobby Burke on August 8,1931, and Paul Daffy Dean on September 21,1934. There was a drought of 3 years,11 months, without a no-hitter after the first National League no-hitter on July 15,1876, the most recent year without any no-hitters is 2005. The previous record was a 4, 015-game streak without a no-hitter from September 30,1984, the pitcher who holds the record for the most no-hitters is Nolan Ryan, who threw seven in his long career. His first two came exactly two months apart, while he was with the California Angels, the first on May 15,1973, and he had two more with the Angels on September 28,1974, and June 1,1975. Ryans fifth no-hitter with the Houston Astros on September 26,1981 and his sixth and seventh no-hitters came with the Texas Rangers on June 1,1990, and May 1,1991
14.
Perfect game
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A perfect game is defined by Major League Baseball as a game in which a pitcher pitches a victory that lasts a minimum of nine innings and in which no opposing player reaches a base. Thus, the pitcher cannot allow any hits, walks, hit batsmen, or any opposing player to reach safely for any other reason. The feat has been achieved 23 times in MLB history –21 times since the era began in 1900. A perfect game is also a no-hitter and a shutout, a fielding error that does not allow a batter to reach base, such as a misplayed foul ball, does not spoil a perfect game. Weather-shortened contests in which a team has no baserunners and games in which a team reaches first base only in extra innings do not qualify as perfect games under the present definition. The first confirmed use of the perfect game was in 1908. Although it is possible for multiple pitchers to combine for a game, to date. In Nippon Professional Baseball, no-hitters or perfect games that use two or more pitchers are considered unofficial, the first known use in print of the term perfect game occurred in 1908. Several sources have claimed that the first recorded usage of the perfect game was by Ernest J. Lanigan in his Baseball Cyclopedia. The Chicago Tribune came close to the term in describing Richmonds game in 1880, Richmond was most effectively supported, similarly, in writing up Wards perfect game, the New York Clipper described the perfect play of Providences defense. The definition of game was made to parallel this new definition of the no-hitter. There has been one game in the World Series, thrown by Don Larsen for the New York Yankees against the Brooklyn Dodgers on October 8,1956. By coincidence, the second Yankee pitcher to throw a game, David Wells in 1998, graduated from the same high school as Larsen - Point Loma High School in San Diego. The most recent perfect game pitched in Major League Baseball was thrown by Félix Hernández of the Seattle Mariners against the Tampa Bay Rays on August 15,2012 and he struck out the side twice and struck out twelve total batters in the 1-0 victory over Tampa Bay. Since the beginning of the 2009 MLB season, it was the time that the Tampa Bay Rays were on the losing end of a perfect game. The only perfect game thrown in a Little League World Series championship was by Angel Macias of the Monterrey, Mexico, the Perfect Game, A Classic Collection of Facts, Figures, Stories and Characters from the Society for American Baseball Research. More Than Merkle, A History of the Best and Most Exciting Baseball Season in Human History, Perfect, The Inside Story of Baseballs Seventeen Perfect Games. The Greatest Game Ever Pitched, Sports Illustrated,27 Men Out, Baseballs Perfect Games
15.
Road (sports)
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A road game or away game is a sports game where the specified team is not the host and must travel to another venue. Most professional teams represent cities or towns and amateur sports teams often represent academic institutions, each team has a location where it practices during the season and where it hosts games. When a team is not the host, it must travel to games. Thus, when a team is not hosting a game, the team is described as the team, the visiting team, or the away team. The venue in which the game is played is described as the stadium or the road. The host team is said to be the home team, major sporting events, if not held at a neutral venue, are often over several legs at each teams home ground, so that neither team has an advantage over the other. Occasionally, the team may not have to travel very far at all to a road game. These matches often become local derbies, a few times a year, a road team may even be lucky enough to have the road game played at their own home stadium or arena. This is prevalent in college athletics where many schools will play in regional leagues or groundshare. The related term true road game has seen increasing use in U. S. college sports in the 21st century, while regular-season tournaments and other special events have been part of college sports from their creation, the 21st century has seen a proliferation of such events. These are typically held at sites, with some of them taking place outside the contiguous U. S. or even outside the country entirely. In turn, this has led to the use of true road game to refer to contests played at one home venue. In some association football leagues, particularly in Europe, the teams fans sit in their own section. Depending on the stadium, they will either sit in a designated section or be separated from the home fans by a cordon of police officers. However, in the leagues in England, supporters may be free to mix. When games are played at a site, for instance the FA Cup final in England which is always played at Wembley Stadium. This results in each team occupying one half of the stadium and this is different from other sports, particularly in North America, where very few fans travel to games played away from their home stadium. Home and away fans are not separated at these games
16.
1904 St. Louis Browns season
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The 1904 St. Louis Browns season was a season in American baseball. The team finished sixth in the American League with a record of 65 wins and 87 losses,29 games behind the Boston Americans, october 6,1903, John Anderson was traded by the Browns to the New York Highlanders for Jack OConnor. Note, Pos = Position, G = Games played, AB = At bats, H = Hits, Avg
17.
Chick Stahl
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Charles Sylvester Chick Stahl was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball who was among the most feared and consistent hitters in his time. In his rookie 1897 season with the Boston Beaneaters, he batted.354, in 1899, he had six hits in a game, and in the 1903 World Series, he hit three triples. By 1904, including his time with the Beaneaters and the Boston Americans and he was officially named player-manager on December 4,1906. Stahl committed suicide during the 1907 spring training season in West Baden, Indiana, the reasoning behind Stahls suicide has remained a mystery for over a century. He was known as a carefree, fun-loving man and had love affairs going on throughout the country. He mentioned suicide days before in Louisville, Kentucky, prompting some teammates to take the carbolic acid from him and his final words to some of teammates were Boys, I just couldnt help it. What it exactly was remains a mystery, a 1908 newspaper article claims that he was despondent because he had been tasked with discharging his friend Collins from the team. Cy Young reluctantly took over as manager to start the 1907 season, Collins was traded to Philadelphia in June 1907. Stahls widow mysteriously died a year and a half later, just prior to her death, Julia Stahl was seen walking in a poor area of Boston while lavishly dressed. However, no bystanders seem to have seen the events of the last moments of her life, Chick Stahl was not related to Jake Stahl, despite contemporary baseball sources listing them as brothers. Stahl gained popularity again in 2004 when he was mentioned along with teammates Bill Dinneen and Cy Young in the revival of the song Tessie by Dropkick Murphys
18.
Buck Freeman
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John Frank Buck Freeman was an American right fielder in Major League Baseball at the turn of the 20th century. Freeman was one of the top sluggers of his era, his most famous feat being the 25 home runs he hit during the 1899 season, a native of Catasauqua, Pennsylvania, Freeman showed talent as a pitcher from a young age. He made his league debut as a left-handed starter with the Washington Statesmen on June 27,1891. Freeman played in a four games during the season, finishing up with a 3-2 record. Following the 1891 seasons conclusion he did not play in the majors again for seven years and he played in the Eastern League with Toronto from 1896 to 1898 and returned to the Washington roster midway through the 1898 season. During the intervening time Freeman had bulked out and had begun to show real skill with the bat, in light of this the Senators decided to retrain Freeman as a right fielder, believing that he would be even more useful with the bat than he was with the ball. Albeit with only 107 at bats, he recorded a.364 batting average, following his strong showing with the bat, he was named as the Senators first-choice right fielder for the following season. The 25 home runs that Freeman recorded in 1899 were truly remarkable by the standards of the time, Freemans tally was not surpassed until 1919, when Babe Ruth scored 29 home runs with the Boston Red Sox. Following the disbandment of the Washington Senators at the end of the 1899 season and his offensive numbers for the season were well down on the year before, with him hitting 6 home runs and recording 66 runs batted in. At the end of the season he and teammate Jimmy Collins moved across town to the Boston Americans, the 1901 season was something of a return to form, he finished second overall in home runs, RBI, and slugging percentage, finishing behind Nap Lajoie in all categories. In 1902 Freeman returned to playing as a fielder, which was his better position. On June 21, he hit for the cycle, the first Red Sox player to do so, in the three years following Bostons World Series success Freemans offense declined sharply. In 1906, he managed a.250 average with one run and 30 RBI. After that, he decided to play for one further season and he went on to finish the season with the Minneapolis Millers of the American Association, recording an average of.335 and scoring 18 home runs. Following this successful season he decided to spend a season with the Millers. The 1908 season was Freemans last in professional baseball, in which he managed to score 10 home runs albeit with an average of.218, Freeman died at the age of 77 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
19.
Candy LaChance
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George Joseph LaChance was a first baseman who played in Major League Baseball between 1893 and 1905. LaChance was a switch-hitter and threw right-handed and he was born in Putnam, Connecticut. LaChance reached the majors in 1893, spending six years with the Brooklyn Grooms & Bridegrooms before moving to the Baltimore Orioles, Cleveland Blues and Boston Americans. He hit.300 or more five times, and from 1894 to 1899 averaged 25.67 stolen bases each year, in that season he also led the National League hitters with 108 RBI, while hitting.312 with 38 extra-bases and 99 runs. While in Boston in 1903, he was a member of the first World Champion team in league history. In a 12-season career, LaChance was a.280 hitter with 39 home runs and 690 RBI in 1263 games, later he played with Montreal and Providence in the International League and for Waterbury and New Haven in the Connecticut League. LaChance earned the nickname of Candy because he preferred to chew on peppermints rather than chewing tobacco, LaChance died in Waterville, Connecticut at the age of 62. List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders Baseball Library Baseball Reference The Deadball Era
20.
Hobe Ferris
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Albert Sayles Hobe Ferris was a major league second baseman during the 1900s. He holds the record for the lowest on-base percentage of any player in Major League Baseball history with over 5000 plate appearances, despite this, his career slugging percentage is higher than the league average of the period. He was a shortstop in the minor leagues from 1898 to 1900 and he chose to jump to the newly formed American League instead, and signed with the Boston Americans. As the team had signed a shortstop in Freddy Parent. He made his league debut on April 26,1901. He committed 61 errors as a rookie for Boston in 1901, kid Gleason of Detroit made 64 errors, but Ferriss error total remains the second-highest total ever for a second baseman in the American League. He hit.250 with 15 triples and 63 RBI, the following season, he cut his error total to 39 and began to acquire a reputation as a stellar fielder with outstanding range. He was also one of the leagues feistiest players, being suspended in 1902 for an altercation with umpire Jack Sheridan, on September 11,1906, he got into a nasty fight with teammate Jack Hayden, whom he accused of lackadaisical play. Ferris kicked Hayden in the face, both were ejected from the game, and Ferris was suspended for the remainder of the season. This was the first time that teammates had been ejected for fighting each other and he was a member of the Boston side that won the inaugural 1903 World Series. He knocked in all of Bostons runs in the final game, Boston repeated as pennant winners in 1904, although no World Series was played that year. Ferris hit only.213 that season, and the team fell down the standings over the years as its star players began to show their age. By 1906, Boston was in last place with a 49-105 record, Ferris was one of the teams few bright spots, playing excellent defense and ranking among American League leaders in extra base hits. Prior to the 1908 season Ferris was traded to the St. Louis Browns in order to space for Amby McConnell. While at St. Louis, Ferris converted to become a third baseman and his first season with the Browns was the most productive of his entire career, he set new highs in OBP, batting average, and RBI and hit in 26 straight games. However, this successful season with the bat proved to be something of a blip — in 1909 his numbers plummeted as he recorded the worst season of his career. Following this poor season Ferriss contract was not renewed by the Browns, following his departure from St. Louis, Ferris could not find a Major League club willing to offer him a contract. This led to him signing with the Minneapolis Millers of the American Association prior to the 1910 season, in his first season with the Millers, Ferriss performance with the bat improved slightly, however, the following year he exploded
21.
Lou Criger
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Louis Criger was a Major League Baseball catcher with the Cleveland Spiders, St. Louis Cardinals, Boston Red Sox, St. Louis Browns and the New York Highlanders between 1896 and 1912. Criger became the first Opening Day catcher in Boston American League franchises history, a catcher for most of Cy Youngs 511 victories, he also caught every inning for eight games with Boston in the first-ever World Series in 1903, helping his team win the championship. In a 16-season career, he batted.221 with 11 home runs and 342 RBIs, Criger stole 58 career bases and scored 337 runs. He had 709 career hits in 3202 at bats, though never a major star, Criger received votes for the Hall of Fame in four BBWAA elections. He garnered as much as eight percent of the vote, career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Baseball-Reference Bio on BaseballLibrary. com
22.
Bill Dinneen
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Dinneen was the plate umpire for baseballs first All-Star Game. He played for the Washington Senators and Boston Braves, and the Boston Red Sox, Dinneen recorded three wins for the Red Sox over the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series in 1903. Dinneen broke the record for most strikeouts in a World Series with 11, Dinneen was born in Syracuse, New York on April 5,1876. He led the AL in losses in 1902 with 21, and led the league in saves in 1903 and 1907. In his remarkable 1904 season for the Red Sox, as they repeated as AL champions, he started 37 games, completing one of them for a total of 335 2⁄3 innings pitched. On June 12, he won a 16-inning contest by a score of 2–1 over the Browns, the game went into the final inning tied 2–2 before a wild pitch by Chesbro gave a 3–2 victory, and the flag, to Boston. On September 27,1905, Dinneen pitched a 2–0 no-hitter against the Chicago White Sox, Dinneen joined the AL umpiring staff on September 12,1909, just 17 days after his final pitching appearance with the Browns. He umpired in eight World Series, tying the AL record set by Tommy Connolly and he served as crew chief for the 1914,1926 and 1932 Series. He was also selected to work in the first All-Star game in 1933, calling balls, shore retired the runner as well as all 26 batters he faced. Dinneen had his own confrontation with Ruth in the 1922 season, on June 19, the outfielder got into an argument with the umpire, and during the next days game he again insulted the official. Bill Dinneen was one of the greatest pitchers the game ever produced and he is one of the cleanest and most honorable men baseball ever fostered. Your conduct at Cleveland on Monday was reprehensible to a great degree – shocking to every American mother who permits her boy to go to a professional game, the American League cares nothing for Ruth. The individual player means nothing to the organization, when he steps on the ball field he is subject to our control and discipline. You branded Umpire Dinneen as yellow and this is the most remarkable declaration a modern ball player has made. Dinneen stands out in the history of the game as one of the most courageous players we have ever had, if you could match up to his standard you would not be in the trough you occupy today. Coupled with your misconduct on Monday, you doubled the penalty on Tuesday and you are hereby notified of your suspension for five days without salary. It seems the period has arrived when you should allow some intelligence to creep into a mind that has plainly been warped, in addition to the no-hitter he pitched, Dinneen also called balls and strikes for five other no-hitters. He remains the only individual in major league history to pitch a no-hitter and call one as plate umpire
23.
Norwood Gibson
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Norwood Ringold Gibson was a starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played his entire career for the Boston Americans between 1903 and 1906. Listed at 5 ft 10 in,165 lb. Gibson batted, a native of Peoria, Illinois, he went to college at the University of Notre Dame. After college, he played for minor league baseball teams. During that time he was signed by the Cincinnati Reds but never got an opportunity to play a game for the Reds. According to Sporting Life magazine, he did pitch a game for the Reds. In 1902 he pitched for the Kansas City Blue Stockings, managed by former Boston Beaneaters star pitcher Kid Nichols and he pitched two no-hitters for the Blue Stockings that season. After the season, apparently on Nichols recommendation, Gibson was signed to a Major League contract by the Americans for $3000. During his rookie 1903 season, Gibson was the man of a Boston rotation that included Cy Young, Bill Dinneen, Long Tom Hughes, George Winter. He responded with a 13–9 mark,76 strikeouts, and a 3.19 in 183⅓ innings pitched, the next two years, his playing time was limited by arm injuries. He retired after the 1906 season, Gibson died in his homeland of Peoria, Illinois, at the age of 82. Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Fangraphs, or The Baseball Cube, or Baseball-Reference
24.
Jesse Tannehill
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Jesse Niles Tannehill was a dead-ball era left-handed pitcher for the Cincinnati Reds, Pittsburgh Pirates, New York Highlanders, Boston Red Sox, and the Washington Senators. Tannehill was among the best pitchers of his era and was one of the pitchers of all time. In fact, Tannehill was such a good hitter that he was used in the outfield 87 times in his career, Tannehill was born on July 14,1874 in Dayton, Kentucky. He broke into the National League at the age of 19 with the Cincinnati Reds, however, he struggled in 29 innings, after a partial season with the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1897, Tannehill, in 1898, set a career high in both innings pitched and wins. Tannehill had several years with the Pirates until his career year in 1901. Tannehill posted an even better ERA in 1902––1. 95––but as the league ERA had dropped even more precipitously, after six years with the Pirates in the National League, Tannehill got involved in a salary dispute with Pirates owner Barney Dreyfuss. As a result, Tannehill jumped to the startup American League franchise, after the season, he was traded by the Highlanders to the Boston Americans for Tom L. Hughes. Tannehill still had good years left, however. After this, however, Tannehill went into decline, as he was traded to the Washington Senators for Case Patten. Tannehill retired from baseball in 1911, with a career ERA of 2.79 and 197 career wins, after retiring as a player, Tannehill managed the Portsmouth Truckers of the Virginia League in 1914. In 1923 he managed the Topeka Kaws in the Southwestern League, in his later years, Tannehill worked in a Cincinnati machine shop and was a frequent visitor to Crosley Field, the home of the Cincinnati Reds from 1912 to 1970. He died of a stroke at Speers Hospital in Dayton, Campbell County, List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders List of Major League Baseball career hit batsmen leaders List of Major League Baseball no-hitters Baseball Reference Biography Baseball Library
25.
George Winter (baseball)
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George Lovington Winter, nicknamed Sassafrass, was a professional baseball pitcher. He played eight seasons in Major League Baseball, from 1901 through 1908, for the Boston Americans/Red Sox, listed at 5 ft 8 in and 155 pounds, Winter batted and threw right-handed. Winter attended Gettysburg College, where he was a teammate of future Hall of Famer Eddie Plank, Winter was a member of the original Boston American League team, which joined the league in 1901 when it became a major league. The Philadelphia Athletics passed on signing him because their owner and manager, Connie Mack and he won 16 games in his rookie season for the second-place Americans, following up with 11 wins in 1902. Late in the season he became ill with typhoid fever. Winter was chosen to start on Opening Day of the 1903 Boston season, defeating Rube Waddell and the Philadelphia Athletics, 9–4, at Huntington Avenue Grounds. He also wound up pitching in the game in which the Americans clinched the pennant, although he did not play in the 1903 World Series as Boston used only Cy Young, Bill Dinneen, Winter worked as a ticket taker during the series. He was intermittently effective during the 1903 season, which the 1904 Reach Guide attributed to not being recovered from his illness. In 1904, Winter slipped down to the Americans fifth starter behind Young, Dinneen, Jesse Tannehill and he appeared in 20 games, going 8-4. In 1905, he equaled his career high, winning 16 games while losing 17 and he had perhaps the best game of his career that year in a losing effort. Against the Washington Senators, he pitched a one-hitter but lost the game, a single by his pitching rival George Mullin was the only hit. In 1906, Winters record slipped to 6-18 for the last-place Americans and he bounced back in 1907 to win 12 games and have a career-best 2.07 ERA. In 1908, Winter was the member of the 1901 team to remain with the team. However, he would not last the season in Boston, as he was claimed off waivers by the Tigers on July 26. After not appearing in the 1903 World Series, Winter made his last major appearance in 1908 with Detroit. The Tigers lost to the Chicago Cubs, four games to one, in what is, as of 2013, Winter played two seasons of minor league baseball with the Montreal Royals before retiring after the 1910 season. He helped himself with the bat, hitting.193 with one run and 20 RBI. He pitched 200 or more five times
26.
Duke Farrell
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Charles Andrew Duke Farrell was a Major League Baseball catcher. Born in Oakdale, Massachusetts, he played for eight teams during his 18-year career, on May 11,1897, he set a Major League Baseball record that has stood for more than 100 years by catching eight of nine opposing players who attempted to steal a base. He died in Boston, Massachusetts, and was buried at Immaculate Conception Cemetery in Marlborough, Massachusetts, aged 58
27.
Bill O'Neill (baseball)
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William John ONeill was an outfielder in Major League Baseball who played for the Boston Americans, Washington Senators and Chicago White Sox. ONeill was a switch-hitter and threw right-handed and he was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. In the midseason he was traded to Washington in the transaction that brought Kip Selbach to Boston. In 1906 ONeill was a member of the Chicago White Sox team that won the World Championship over the Chicago Cubs in six games, in a two-season career, ONeill was a.243 hitter with two home runs and 42 RBI in 206 games played. ONeill died in Woodhaven, New York, at the age of 40, list of Major League Baseball players from Canada Baseball References Baseball Almanac Retrosheet
28.
Kip Selbach
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Albert Karl Selbach was a left fielder in Major League Baseball. From 1894 through 1906, he played for the Washington Senators, Cincinnati Reds, New York Giants, Baltimore Orioles, Washington Senators and he was born in Columbus, Ohio. A strong defensive player and good contact hitter, Selbach made his debut with the Washington Senators of the National League in 1894. He hit over.300 during his first five major league seasons, with a high.322 in 1895, then, in 1897, he scored 113 runs with 25 doubles,16 triples and 46 steals, while batting.313. Selbach was sold by Washington to the Cincinnati Reds before the 1899 season, after hit.296 for his new team, he was sold to the New York Giants at the end of the season. With the Giants, Selbach posted career-highs with a.337 average and 176 hits in 1900, in 1902 Selbach moved to the new American League, playing for the first Baltimore Orioles team, the new Washington Senators, and the Boston Red Sox. He enjoyed a season in first AL year, hitting.320 with the Orioles. After that, he played part of two seasons with Washington and ended his league career with Boston in 1906. In a 13-season career, Selbach was a.293 hitter with 44 home runs and 779 RBI in 1610 games played and he added 1064 runs,1803 hits,299 doubles,149 triples and 334 stolen bases. Selbach died in Columbus, Ohio, at the age of 83, may 20,1897, Collected five stolen bases against the Chicago Colts to lead Washington to a 16–14 victory. June 9,1901, Went 6-for-7 to help the Giants win 15–4 over Cincinnati
29.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
30.
1901 Chicago White Stockings season
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The 1901 Chicago White Stockings season was their first season as a major league team, and their second season in Chicago. It was also the season of American League as a major league. The White Stockings had a balanced lineup, which was led by outfielders Dummy Hoy and Fielder Jones. They relied primarily on speed, as Frank Isbell, Sam Mertes, the pitching staff was anchored by Clark Griffith, who went 24–7 with a 2.67 ERA. They won the pennant by four games, in 1900, the Western League changed its name to the American League. It was still officially a minor league, subject to the governing National Agreement, the NL actually gave permission to the AL to put a team in Chicago, and Comiskey moved his St. Paul club to Chicagos South Side. After the season, the AL declined to renew its membership in the National Agreement, after acquiring a number of stars from the older league, including pitcher and manager Clark Griffith, the White Stockings also captured the ALs first major-league pennant the next year, in 1901. May 9,1901, Earl Moore of the Cleveland Blues threw the first no-hitter in the history of the American League against the White Stockings, Chicago beat the Blues by a score of 4–2 despite not having one hit. baseball-almanac. com
31.
1902 Philadelphia Athletics season
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The 1902 Philadelphia Athletics season was a season in American baseball. The team finished first in the American League with a record of 83 wins and 53 losses, in 1902, the Philadelphia Phillies obtained an injunction, effective only in Pennsylvania, barring Athletics second baseman Nap Lajoie from playing baseball for any team other than the Phillies. Lajoie had played for the Athletics in 1901, and appeared in just one game in 1902 before the injunction went into effect, the American League responded by transferring Lajoies contract to the Cleveland Bronchos, who were subsequently known as the Naps in Lajoies honor for several seasons. Note, Pos = Position, G = Games played, AB = At bats, H = Hits, Avg. = Batting average, HR = Home runs, RBI = Runs batted in Note, G = Games played, AB = At bats, H = Hits, Avg. baseball-almanac. com
