1.
Michigan Wolverines football
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The Michigan Wolverines football program represents the University of Michigan in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. Michigan has the most all-time wins and the highest winning percentage in college football history, Michigan began competing in intercollegiate football in 1879. The Wolverines joined the Big Ten Conference at its inception in 1896, Michigan has won or shared 42 league titles, and, since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936, has finished in the top 10 a total of 37 times. The Wolverines claim 11 national championships, most recently that of the 1997 squad voted atop the final AP Poll. From 1900 to 1989, Michigan was led by a series of nine head coaches, Fielding H. Fritz Crisler brought his winged helmet from Princeton University in 1938 and led the 1947 Wolverines to a national title and Michigans second Rose Bowl win. Bo Schembechler coached the team for 21 seasons in which he won 13 Big Ten titles and 194 games, a program record. Following Schembechlers retirement, the program was coached by two of his assistants, Gary Moeller and then Lloyd Carr, who maintained the programs overall success over the next 18 years. However, the programs fortunes declined under the two coaches, Rich Rodriguez and Brady Hoke, who were both fired after relatively short tenures. Following Hokes dismissal, Michigan hired Jim Harbaugh on December 30,2014, Harbaugh is a former quarterback of the team, having played for Michigan between 1982 and 1986 under Schembechler. The Michigan Wolverines have featured 78 players that have garnered consensus selection to the College Football All-America Team, Three Wolverines have won the Heisman Trophy, Tom Harmon in 1940, Desmond Howard in 1991, and Charles Woodson in 1997. Gerald Ford, who would become the 38th President of the United States. On May 30,1879, Michigan played its first intercollegiate game against Racine College at White Stocking Park in Chicago. The Chicago Tribune called it the first rugby-football game to be played west of the Alleghenies, midway through the first inning, Irving Kane Pond scored the first touchdown for Michigan. According to Will Perrys history of Michigan football, the crowd responded to Ponds plays with cheers of Pond Forever, in 1881, Michigan played against Harvard in Boston. The game that marked the birth of inter-sectional football, on their way to a game in Chicago in 1887, Michigan players stopped in South Bend, Indiana and introduced football to students at the University of Notre Dame. A November 23 contest marked the inception of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football program, in 1894, Michigan defeated Cornell, which was the first time in collegiate football history that a western school defeated an established power from the east. By 1898 Amos Alonzo Stagg was fast at work at turning the University of Chicago football program into a powerhouse. Before the final game of the 1898 season, Chicago was 9–1–1 and Michigan was 9–0, Michigan won, 12–11, capturing the programs first conference championship in a game that inspired The Victors, which later became the schools fight song
2.
Big Ten Conference
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The Big Ten Conference, formerly Western Conference and Big Nine Conference, is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States. The conference includes the public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska. The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H, in 1905, the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference Athletic Association. Big Ten member institutions are predominantly major flagship research universities with large financial endowments, large student enrollment is also a hallmark of Big Ten universities, as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students. Northwestern University, one of just two members with a total enrollment of fewer than 30,000 students, is the lone private university among Big Ten membership. Collectively, Big Ten universities educate more than 520,000 total students and have 5.7 million living alumni, Big Ten universities engage in $9.3 billion in funded research each year. Big Ten universities are members of the Big Ten Academic Alliance. In 2014–2015, members generated more than $10 billion in research expenditures, Johns Hopkins University was invited in 2012 to join the Big Ten as an associate member participating in mens lacrosse only. In 2015, it was accepted as an associate member in womens lacrosse. Notre Dame is scheduled to join the Big Ten in 2017 as a member in mens ice hockey. Notes Notes Notes The University of Chicago was a co-founder of the conference, lake Forest College attended the original 1895 meeting that led to the formation of the conference, but did not join it. Full members Full members Sport Affiliate Other Conference Other Conference The Big Ten Conference sponsors championship competition in 14 mens and 14 womens NCAA sanctioned sports, Notes, * Notre Dame will join the Big Ten in the 2017–18 school year as an affiliate member in mens ice hockey. It continues to field its other sports in the ACC except in football where it will continue to compete as an independent, ° Johns Hopkins joined the Big Ten in 2014 as an affiliate member in mens lacrosse, with womens lacrosse to follow in 2016. Ohio State and Penn State, like most NCAA fencing schools, have coed teams,2, Mens rowing, whether heavyweight or lightweight, is not governed by the NCAA, but instead by the Intercollegiate Rowing Association. Rutgers Mens Rowing was downgraded to Club status in 2008,3, Unlike rifle, pistol is not an NCAA-governed sport. 4, Rifle is technically a mens sport, but mens, womens, Ohio State fields a coed team. The eligibility of student-athletes was one of the topics of discussion. The Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives was founded at a meeting on February 8,1896
3.
Fielding H. Yost
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Fielding Harris Yost was an American football player and coach and college athletics administrator. During his 25 seasons as the football coach in Ann Arbor, Yosts Michigan Wolverines won six national championships, captured ten Big Ten Conference titles. From 1901 to 1905, his Point-a-Minute squads went 55–1–1, outscoring their opponents by a margin of 2,821 to 42, the 1901 team beat Stanford, 49–0, in the 1902 Rose Bowl, the first college football bowl game ever played. Under Yost, Michigan won four national championships from 1901 to 1904. In 1921, Yost became Michigans athletic director and served in capacity until 1940. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1951, Yost was also a successful business person, lawyer, and author, but he is best known as a leading figure in pioneering the development of college football into a national phenomenon. Yost was born in Fairview, West Virginia, in April 1871, Yosts family had settled in West Virginia, in 1925. He was the oldest of four children of Parmenus Wesley Yost and Elzena Jane Yost and his father was a farmer and Confederate veteran. His family had been in Fairview since 1825 when his great, great grandfather, David Yost, settled there, Yost was educated in the local schools and became a deputy marshal in Fairview as a teenager. At seventeen, he got a teaching certificate. Yost began his education at Fairmont Normal School in Fairmont. He then taught school at Patterson Creek, West Virginia, during the 1889–90 school year, Yost next enrolled at Ohio Normal School. Yost played for the Ohio Normal baseball team, after three years at Ohio Normal, Yost returned to West Virginia to work in the oil fields. In 1895, Yost enrolled at West Virginia University where he studied law and he also played football for West Virginia University football team. A 6-foot,200 pounder, Yost was a standout at tackle at West Virginia into the 1896 season and he transferred in mid-season to join Coach Parke H. Daviss national championship team at Lafayette. Just a week playing against Davis in West Virginia, Yost was playing for Davis in Lafayettes historic 6–4 win over the Penn Quakers. The fortuitous timing of Yosts appearance on the Lafayette roster did not go unnoticed by Penn officials and they called it the Yost affair. The Philadelphia Ledger quoted Yost as saying that he came to Lafayette only to play football, the fact that Yost appeared in a Lafayette uniform only once, in the Penn game, and that he returned to West Virginia within two weeks of the contest did not help appearances
4.
Short punt formation
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The short punt formation is an older formation on both offense and defense in American football, popular when scoring was harder and a good punt was itself an offensive weapon. In times when punting on second and third down was fairly common, teams would line up in the short punt formation and offer the triple threat of punt, harpers Weekly in 1915 called it the most valuable formation known to football. The formation is similar to the wing and modern shotgun by including the possibility of a long snap from center. However, it is generally a balanced formation, and there are backs on both sides of the tailback, offering better pass protection, as a result, it was considered a much better passing formation than running, as the premiere running formation was the single wing. That said, it was regarded as a formation for trap plays The formation was invented by Amos Alonzo Stagg in 1896. Andy Smith, coach of Californias Wonder Teams summed up the short-punt philosophy with his motto of Kick, in the early days of the sport the ball was often moved up the field, not through offensive plays, but rather through punting. Once the opposing team got the ball, the defense was relied upon to make the teams offense lose yards or fumble. To confuse the opponent and attain longer punts, the punting was often done on first or second downs, the formation was used extensively by Fielding Yosts point-a-minute, hurry up Michigan Wolverines in their early history, as well as his disciple Dan McGugins Vanderbilt Commodores. Bill Roper used the short punt at Princeton, the short punt was the base formation for the Benny Friedman-led New York Giants in 1931. In the 1956 NFL Championship, the Chicago Bears shifted into a punt formation in the third quarter, after falling way behind. Glossary of American football Early history of American football Punt
5.
Fred Norcross
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Fred Stephenson Norky Norcross, Jr. was an American football player and coach and mining engineer. He was the quarterback for the University of Michigan from 1903 to 1905, Norcross was the head football coach Oregon State University, then known as Oregon Agricultural College, from 1906 to 1908. He also served as a major in the U. S. Army, Norcross was born in Menominee in Michigans Upper Peninsula in July 1884. His father, Fred S. Norcross, Sr. was a native of Maine and his mother, Addie Maria Norcross, was also a native of Maine. At the time of the 1900 United States Census, Norcross was living with his parents and his grandfathers occupation was listed as capitalist, and his fathers as co-treasurer. Norcross served as Presidend of the 1906 Engineering Class and he ran track and played football at Michigan from 1903–1905. While at Michigan, Norcross played quarterback for the legendary Fielding H. Yost, in his three seasons as a player, the Wolverines were 33–1–1 and claimed national championships in 1903 and 1904. Norcross was named the captain in 1905. Norcross received a BS in Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1906, at the conclusion of his playing career, Norcross came to Corvallis, Oregon to become the head football coach at Oregon Agricultural College. Oregon Agricultural had begun their search for a coach in April and this decision, however, turned out very well for the school. In his three seasons as the coach from 1906 to 1908, Norcross posted an overall record of 14–4–3. In his first 72 quarters as coach, his team gave up 4 points. The 1907 season was by far his best and possibly the schools best ever. The team went 6–0, scored 137 points, gave up no points and this perfect season has never, and most likely will never be repeated. After one year as a football coach, Norcross began a lengthy career in the mining business. By May 1909 he was the assistant superintendent of Gale Creek Coal, the 1910 United States Census shows Norcross still living there listed as a mining engineer. From April 1912 to December 1917, Norcross lived in Greenwood and later Princeton and he worked at mining areas in British Columbia, Mexico and New Mexico. During World War I, from 1917 to 1919, Norcross served as a major in the U. S. Army, in May 1921, he applied for a passport to allow him to travel to Panama and Nicaragua as a mine examiner
6.
Regents Field
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Ferry Field was the home field for the University of Michigan football team from 1893 to 1905. It was located along South State Street in Ann Arbor, Michigan, the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan authorized $3,000 in 1890 for the purchase of land to build a new football field. The following May, they added $4,500 more for the purpose of fitting up the athletic field, the facility was simply named the Athletic Field upon completion. The first home game at the Athletic Field was a 6–0 victory over the Detroit Athletic Club on October 7,1893, the following year in 1894, the Athletic Association change the name of the field to Regents Field, which it would be known as until 1902. In 1902, Detroit businessman Dexter M. Ferry donated the land north of Regents Field to the university. In June 1902, Regents Field was renamed Ferry Field, when it opened, Ferry Field had a single wooden bleacher section that seated 400 people. The bleachers burned down in 1895 and were replaced the year with a new covered grandstand seating 800. Because of the demand for tickets, additional open bleachers seating about 6,000 were built adjoining the covered grandstand, the Athletic Association also had one thousand circus seats and materials for sloping platforms which will permit 8,000 more people to view a football game. Bleachers were later constructed along the side of the field. The largest crowd ever at Ferry Field was for the second to last game at the old stadium, by one account,17,000 fans watched the Wolverines defeat Wisconsin in the 1905 homecoming game. In the 1890s a three dollar membership in the Athletic Association gained students admission to all athletic events, by 1904 a general admission ticket cost $3.00. Michigan compiled an record of 87–2–3 at Ferry Field from 1893 to 1905. Between 1901 and 1904, Fielding H. Yosts Point-a-Minute teams went 44–0 at Ferry Field, in 1904, the Wolverines beat the undefeated University of Chicago team at Ferry Field. Portions of the game and several shots of the field were filmed by the Edison Manufacturing Company in one of the earliest successful attempts to film a football game. Ferry Field Michigan Wolverines football Edison Film of 1904 Football Game at Regents Field, Part 1 Edison Film of 1904 Football Game at Regents Field, Part 2
7.
1904 Michigan Wolverines football team
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The 1904 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1904 Western Conference football season. In the teams fourth season under head coach Fielding H. Yost, the 1904 team was the fourth of Yosts legendary Point-a-Minute teams. Michigans games were of varying length from 22½ minutes to 70 minutes, over the course of ten games, Michigan played 476 minutes of football and averaged a point scored for every 50.3 seconds played. The team included future College Football Hall of Fame inductee Willie Heston, Michigan opened the 1904 college football season on October 1 with a 33–0 win over Clevelands Case School of Applied Science. The game was played in 20-minute halves, and the Wolverines scored 22 points in the first half, numerous substitutions were made at half-time, and the backup players added 11 points in the second half. Fullback Frank Longman scored three touchdowns in the game, and Willie Heston, Walter Rheinschild, and Joe Curtis scored one touchdown each, Tom Hammond converted three extra point kicks. Hestons touchdown came on a 75-yard run, Case managed only one first down in the game. In the second game of the 1904 season, Michigan defeated Ohio Northern, 38–0, Willie Heston scored three touchdowns and had runs of 45,32,35 and 30 yards. In the third game of the season, Michigan defeated Kalamazoo College, 95–0, Heston scored six touchdowns and had long touchdown runs of 65,70,85 and 65 yards. In the fourth game of the season, Michigan defeated the Physicians & Surgeons team 72–0 in a short mid-week game lasting only 22½ minutes, a 15-minute first half, quarterback Fred Norcross scored four touchdowns, and Heston scored three. Norcross had touchdown runs of 67,35 and 90 yards, Michigan defeated Ohio State, 31–6, in a game consisting of 30-minute halves in Columbus, Ohio. Heston scored three touchdowns, bringing his total to 16. For its sixth game of the season, Michigan played a short mid-week game against the American Medical School, the game consisted of a 20-minute first half and a 3½ minute second half. Right halfback Clark led the scoring four touchdowns. Heston was limited to a single touchdown, the most lopsided score in Michigan football history. In a game consisting of 25 and 20-minute halves, the Wolverines scored 22 touchdowns and 20 extra points, Joe Curtis alone accounted for 49 points with six touchdowns and 19 extra points. The undefeated 1904 team won Michigans fourth national championship and scored 567 points in 476 minutes of football, for the first time in the 1904 season, Heston did not score. Michigan played its first full-length game of the season against Wisconsin, Heston and Carter each scored two touchdowns, and Norcross added another
8.
1906 Michigan Wolverines football team
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The 1906 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1906 college football season. The teams head coach was Fielding H. Yost in his year at Michigan. The team compiled a record of 4–1 and outscored opponents,72 to 30, the 1906 season was played under two sets of new rules. First, the rules governing intercollegiate were changed to promote a more open, the changes included the legalization of the forward pass and allowing the punting team to recover an on-side kick as a live ball. Second, the Big Nine Conference enacted new rules, including a rule limiting teams to five games and prohibitions on the training table and pre-season training before the start of the academic year. Also before the season began, university officials ruled that two of the stars from the 1905 team, Germany Schulz and Walter Rheinschild, were ineligible to compete in football. Despite the setbacks, Michigan won its first four games by a score of 72 to 13. The season opener against Case Scientific School was the first game played on the new Ferry Field, during the bye week before the final game of the season, Michigans captain Joe Curtis sustained a severely broken leg in a practice game against the scrub team. The Wolverines lost their game to the Penn Quakers, 17–0. Two Michigan players, Joe Curtis and fullback John Garrels, were selected as first-team All-Western players, Garrels, who had broken world records in the discus throw and the high hurdles, was also selected as a second-team All-American by Walter Camp. On October 6,1906, Michigan opened its season with a 28–0 victory over the team from Clevelands Case Scientific School, the game was the first played at the newly completed Ferry Field and attracted a crowd estimated at 2,000 persons. The Detroit Free Press called the field a beauty, the game was the 10th meeting between the two programs. Michigan had won all nine of the games by a combined score of 298 to 31. Fullback John Garrels scored the first touchdown on the new Ferry Field, the score was set up when Cases fullback, Wagar, attempted a punt from deep in Cases territory. After a bad snap, Jack Loell broke through the line, Garrels then scored on two straight line bucks. Joe Curtis missed the extra point kick, and Michigan was unable to again in the first half. Case threatened once in the first half, when Cases quarterback, Reimenschneider, wagars attempt at a field goal for Case was unsuccessful, and Michigan led, 5–0, at halftime. In addition to scoring the first touchdown, Garrels handled punting responsibilities and he also kicked an extra point and had the longest end run of the game for a 28-yard gain
9.
1905 Northwestern Purple football team
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The 1905 Northwestern Purple football team represented Northwestern University during the 1905 Western Conference football season. Walter McCornack, in his season at Northwestern, was the teams head coach. The Purples home games were played at the new Northwestern Field in Evanston and they were members of the Western Conference. They finished the season 8–2–1, and 0–2 in Western Conference play, walter E. McCornack, Northwesterns Celebrity Coach
10.
University of Michigan
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The University of Michigan, frequently referred to simply as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817 in Detroit as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania,20 years before the Michigan Territory became a state, in 1821, the university was officially renamed the University of Michigan. It moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto 40 acres of what is now known as Central Campus, the University was a founding member of the Association of American Universities. Considered one of the foremost research universities in the United States, Michigans body of living alumni comprises more than 540,000 people, one of the largest alumni bases of any university in the world. Besides academic life, Michigans athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Wolverines. They are members of the Big Ten Conference, the University of Michigan was established in Detroit on August 26,1817 as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania, by the governor and judges of Michigan Territory. Judge Augustus B. Woodward specifically invited The Rev. John Monteith and Father Gabriel Richard, Monteith became its first President and held seven of the professorships, and Richard was Vice President and held the other six professorships. Concurrently, Ann Arbor had set aside 40 acres in the hopes of being selected as the state capital, but when Lansing was chosen as the state capital, the city offered the land for a university. What would become the university moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 thanks to Governor Stevens T. Mason, the original 40 acres was the basis of the present Central Campus. The first classes in Ann Arbor were held in 1841, with six freshmen, eleven students graduated in the first commencement in 1845. By 1866, enrollment increased to 1,205 students, many of whom were Civil War veterans, Women were first admitted in 1870. U-M also became the first American university to use the method of study. Among the early students in the School of Medicine was Jose Celso Barbosa, who in 1880 graduated as valedictorian and he returned to Puerto Rico to practice medicine and also served in high-ranking posts in the government. In 1920 the university reorganized the College of Engineering and formed a committee of 100 industrialists to guide academic research initiatives. The university became a choice for bright Jewish students from New York in the 1920s and 1930s. Because of its standards, U-M gained the nickname Harvard of the West. During World War II, U-Ms research supported military efforts, such as U. S. Navy projects in proximity fuzes, PT boats, and radar jamming. After the war, enrollment expanded rapidly and by 1950, it reached 21,000, as the Cold War and the Space Race took hold, U-M received numerous government grants for strategic research and helped to develop peacetime uses for nuclear energy
11.
University of Chicago
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The University of Chicago is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. It holds top-ten positions in national and international rankings and measures. The university currently enrolls approximately 5,700 students in the College, Chicagos physics department helped develop the worlds first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the viewing stands of universitys Stagg Field. The university is home to the University of Chicago Press. With an estimated date of 2020, the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be housed at the university. Both Harper and future president Robert Maynard Hutchins advocated for Chicagos curriculum to be based upon theoretical and perennial issues rather than on applied sciences, the University of Chicago has many prominent alumni. 92 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with the university as professors, students, faculty, or staff, similarly,34 faculty members and 16 alumni have been awarded the MacArthur “Genius Grant”. Rockefeller on land donated by Marshall Field, while the Rockefeller donation provided money for academic operations and long-term endowment, it was stipulated that such money could not be used for buildings. The original physical campus was financed by donations from wealthy Chicagoans like Silas B, Cobb who provided the funds for the campus first building, Cobb Lecture Hall, and matched Marshall Fields pledge of $100,000. Organized as an independent institution legally, it replaced the first Baptist university of the same name, william Rainey Harper became the modern universitys first president on July 1,1891, and the university opened for classes on October 1,1892. The business school was founded thereafter in 1898, and the law school was founded in 1902, Harper died in 1906, and was replaced by a succession of three presidents whose tenures lasted until 1929. During this period, the Oriental Institute was founded to support, in 1896, the university affiliated with Shimer College in Mount Carroll, Illinois. The agreement provided that either party could terminate the affiliation on proper notice, several University of Chicago professors disliked the program, as it involved uncompensated additional labor on their part, and they believed it cheapened the academic reputation of the university. The program passed into history by 1910, in 1929, the universitys fifth president, Robert Maynard Hutchins, took office, the university underwent many changes during his 24-year tenure. In 1933, Hutchins proposed a plan to merge the University of Chicago. During his term, the University of Chicago Hospitals finished construction, also, the Committee on Social Thought, an institution distinctive of the university, was created. Money that had been raised during the 1920s and financial backing from the Rockefeller Foundation helped the school to survive through the Great Depression, during World War II, the university made important contributions to the Manhattan Project. The university was the site of the first isolation of plutonium and of the creation of the first artificial, in the early 1950s, student applications declined as a result of increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood
12.
Ohio Wesleyan Battling Bishops
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The Ohio Wesleyan Battling Bishops is the name of the sports and other competitive teams at Ohio Wesleyan University. The mens and womens Bishops teams are NCAA Division III teams that compete in the North Coast Athletic Conference, the university sponsors 22 varsity sports, as well as several intramural and club teams. That year the team played three games with Ohio State University, losing all three, in 1902, the Ohio Wesleyan team joined Case Tech, Kenyon, Oberlin, Ohio State, and Western Reserve in forming the Ohio Athletic Conference. The first gym of the college, Edwards Gymnasium, was dedicated in February 1906, Ohio Wesleyans first varsity mens basketball team played its games in the facility the same year. The Ohio Wesleyan teams adopted their nickname in 1925. During the same year, Ohio Wesleyans official mascot became a bishop dressed in a red robe. Ohio Wesleyans colors, crimson red and black, date back to 1875, Ohio Wesleyans lacrosse team has a historic rivalry with Denison University. The football, lacrosse and field teams play in Selby Field. Other campus facilities include a Dornoch Golf Club the Ohio Wesleyan golf course, branch Rickey Arena houses volleyball and basketball. Baseball & softball teams play at Littick Field, Tennis teams play at the Tennis Center, and the soccer teams play at Roy Rike soccer stadium
13.
Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Ann Arbor is a city in the U. S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Washtenaw County. The 2010 census recorded its population to be 113,934, the citys population was estimated at 117,070 as of July 2015 by the U. S. Census Bureau. The Ann Arbor Metropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Washtenaw County, the city is also part of the larger Detroit–Ann Arbor–Flint, MI Combined Statistical Area with a population of 5,318,744. Ann Arbor was founded in 1824, named for wives of the villages founders, the University of Michigan moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837, and the city grew at a rapid rate in the early to mid-20th century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as a center for left-wing politics, Ann Arbor became a focal point for political activism and anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as various student movements. Ann Arbor is home to the University of Michigan, one of the foremost research universities in the United States, the university shapes Ann Arbors economy significantly as it employs about 30,000 workers, including about 12,000 in the medical center. The citys economy is centered on high technology, with several companies drawn to the area by the universitys research and development infrastructure. In about 1774, the Potawatomi founded two villages in the area of what is now Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor was founded in 1824 by land speculators John Allen and Elisha Walker Rumsey. On 25 May 1824, the plat was registered with Wayne County as Annarbour. Allen and Rumsey decided to name it for their wives, both named Ann, and for the stands of Bur Oak in the 640 acres of land purchased for $800 from the federal government at $1.25 per acre. The local Ojibwa named the settlement kaw-goosh-kaw-nick, after the sound of Allens sawmill, Ann Arbor became the seat of Washtenaw County in 1827, and was incorporated as a village in 1833. The Ann Arbor Land Company, a group of speculators, set aside 40 acres of undeveloped land and offered it to the state of Michigan as the site of the state capital, but lost the bid to Lansing. In 1837, the property was accepted instead as the site of the University of Michigan, since the universitys establishment in the city in 1837, the histories of the University of Michigan and Ann Arbor have been closely linked. Throughout the 1840s and the 1850s settlers continued to come to Ann Arbor, while the earlier settlers were primarily of British ancestry, the newer settlers also consisted of Germans, Irish, and African-Americans. In 1851, Ann Arbor was chartered as a city, though the city showed a drop in population during the Depression of 1873. It was not until the early 1880s that Ann Arbor again saw robust growth, with new immigrants coming from Greece, Italy, Russia, Ann Arbor saw increased growth in manufacturing, particularly in milling. Ann Arbors Jewish community also grew after the turn of the 20th century, during the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as an important center for liberal politics. Ann Arbor also became a locus for left-wing activism and anti-Vietnam War movement, during the ensuing 15 years, many countercultural and New Left enterprises sprang up and developed large constituencies within the city
14.
Kalamazoo College
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Kalamazoo College, also known as K College or simply K, is a private liberal arts college in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Founded in 1833, the college is among the 100 oldest in the country, today, it produces more Peace Corps volunteers per capita than any other US academic institution. From 1997 to 2006 it ranked 21st among all institutions in the percentage of graduates who went on to earn doctorates. The school was founded by American Baptist ministers, but today maintains no religious affiliation, Kalamazoo College is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association. It is listed in Loren Popes Colleges That Change Lives, in 2012, Forbes rated it 65th of Americas Best Colleges, the highest ranked in Michigan as a private college. Kalamazoo College was founded in 1833 by a group of Baptist ministers as the Michigan and its charter was granted on April 22,1833, the first school chartered by the Legislative Council of the Territory of Michigan. Instruction at the Institute began in fall 1836, in 1837, the name of the fledgling college was changed to the Kalamazoo Literary Institute and school officials made their first attempt to secure recognition as a college from the state of Michigan. In 1838, however, the University of Michigan opened the Kalamazoo Branch of the University of Michigan, in 1840, the two schools merged, and from 1840 to 1850 the College operated as the Kalamazoo Branch of the University of Michigan. After receiving its charter, the school changed its name to Kalamazoo College. Shortly after becoming president, Stone proposed the addition of a seminary to increase the supply of ministers in the region. With the support of the Baptist church, classes at the Kalamazoo Theological Seminary began in 1848 with 11 students, at the same time, the Female Department continued to expand under the watchful eye of Lucinda Hinsdale Stone. In 1845-46, almost half of the 90 students enrolled in Kalamazoo were women, the Stones also played a role in the creation of the Republican Party. The first known student of African descent to attend Kalamazoo College was ex-slave Rufus Lewis Perry, Perry attended Kalamazoo Theological Seminary from 1860–1861, but left before he received a diploma. He was ordained a Baptist minister in Ann Arbor in 1861, jamaican-born brothers Solomon and John Williamson were the first black graduates from K, receiving their diplomas in 1911. Kalamazoo College also served as a pioneer in coed education, granting its first degree to a woman, Catherine V. Eldred, in 1877, Kalamazoo College students published the first edition of The Index, a student-run newspaper that continues to publish today. The college also publishes The Cauldron, an annual journal, and The Passage. Kalamazoo Colleges reputation as a powerhouse and a leader in international education was built during the presidency of Weimer Hicks. Hicks conceived of the K Plan program under which most Kalamazoo students spend at least one term abroad, as part of the original K Plan, Kalamazoo College students could attend school year-round
15.
Ohio Northern University
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Ohio Northern University is a private, United Methodist Church-affiliated university located in the United States in Ada, Ohio, founded by Henry Solomon Lehr in 1871. ONU is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission and the North Central Association of Colleges, ONU is a sister university with Dankook University, a private university in Seoul, South Korea. In 2008,2009,2010, and 2013 U. S. News & World Report listed Ohio Northern as Regional Universities, throughout the 1960s, a number of ONU students and faculty/staff participated in the American Civil Rights Movement. ONU hosted Dr. Martin Luther King on January 11,1968, four days before his 39th birthday, under Dr. Kendall Baker, campus additions include Dicke Hall, an expansion of the Robertson-Evans Pharmacy building, and the Dial-Roberson Stadium. In 2008, Ohio Northern University built and opened The Inn at Ohio Northern University, ONU joined OhioLINK and technology revolutionized academic administrative activities and supported classroom activities. With the addition of the Internet, the university began offering its first distance learning courses in the pharmacy program, today, there are over 1,200 networked computers and Internet access on campus. Ohio Northern is ranked second among midwest regional colleges by the U. S. News & World Report and it is considered more selective, with an acceptance rate of 68%. It has a 53% 4-year graduation rate, more recently, the university has commenced a search for a new president with the announcement that Dr. Kendall L. Baker will retire effective August 2011. On February 4,2010, ONU announced that its board of trustees approved the nomination of Daniel A. DiBiasio, DiBiasio assumed his duties on August 1,2011. In the 2006–07 academic year, in an effort to reduce wasted resources the university instituted a printing policy, the cost of printing one page is four cents. As of 2009, approximately 30% of the campus uses geothermal heating and cooling, in 2010, three 220 feet tall wind turbines were constructed. Each turbine generates 400 kilowatts of power and the three turbines will meet five to ten percent of the Universitys electricity needs, the university comprises five colleges, Getty College of Arts and Sciences James F. Dicke College of Business Administration T. J. Smull College of Engineering Rudolph H. Raabe College of Pharmacy Claude W. Pettit College of Law Prior to 1973 and it was renamed in honor of Claude W. Pettit, a judge and former dean of the college. ONU students participate in intercollegiate, intramural, and sports clubs in a variety of sports, the ONU Polar Bears compete in the NCAA Division III Ohio Athletic Conference. The mens volleyball team participates in the Midwest Intercollegiate Volleyball Association in the Great Midwest Mens Volleyball Conference, the school mascot is a polar bear named Klondike. The ONU varsity football team defeated Mount Union College in 2005 to snap the Purple Raiders 110-game regular season winning streak, the ONU varsity mens swim team won their 7th straight OAC Conference Championship in 2011
16.
1905 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
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The 1905 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1905 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The teams head coach was Dan McGugin, who served his second season in that capacity, Vanderbilt played seven home games and won them all including six shutout victories. Their only loss came on the road to McGugins old team, Michigan, from 1903 to 1905 Vandy won 13 consecutive games and was 22–2–1 in those three seasons. They finish the 1905 season with a 17-game home win streak, the streak reached 26 games before Michigan stopped them on November 2,1907. The team was captained by Innis Brown, later a prominent sportswriter, the season opened with a big win, 97–0 over the Maryville Scots. Coach McGugin said The boys went at it hammer and tongs, Blake, Taylor, Stone, Patterson, Brown, Pritchard, Hamilton, Kyle, D. Blake, Craig, Manier. Alabama was no match for Vanderbilt, losing 34–0, honus Craig was the star of the game. Quarterback Frank Kyle was severely injured, knocked unconscious and taken to the hospital, the starting lineup was Brown, Taylor, Stone, Patterson, Sherrell, Pritchard, Hamilton, Kyle, D. Blake, Craig, Manier. In the fifth game of the season, Vanderbilt suffered its first loss under coach McGugin, to his mentor and brother in law Fielding H. Yost, tom Hammond, Joe Curtis, and John Garrels scored Michigans three touchdowns. The longest was by Hammond, of 20 yards, Vanderbilt did not make a single first down. The starting lineup was Hamilton, Pritchard, Brown, Patterson, Stone, Taylor, Blake, Kyle, Craig, D. Blake, Manier. Vanderbilt beat the rival Tennessee Volunteers by a score of 45–0, the Vols were coached by fellow Michigan alum James DePree. Coach McGugin remarked, Depree was a valuable man to Michigan athletics and has lots of friends there who are watching his work. Sam Y. Parker sat out the game with injury, Dan Blake made the first three touchdowns. The starting lineup was Brown, Taylor, McLain, Patterson, Sherrell, Pritchard, Hamilton, Kyle, D. Blake, Craig, the Commodores defeated the Texas Longhorns, seen as the strongest of the other contenders for the SIAA, by a score of 33–0. Honus Craig, whom no one has ever yet stopped, played probably the greatest game ever put up by a Commodore, Blake, Taylor, Brown, Patterson, Stone, Pritchard, Hamilton, Kyle, D. Blake, Craig, Manier. The Commodores dominated the Auburn Tigers 54–0, playing the game in their territory. Last season, Auburn and Vanderbilt disputed the SIAA title, Blake, Taylor, Brown, Patterson, Stone, Pritchard, Hamilton, Haygood, D. Blake, Craig, Manier
17.
Albion College
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Albion College is a private liberal arts college located in Albion, Michigan. Affiliated with the United Methodist Church, it was founded in 1835 and was the first private college in Michigan to have a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa and its student population during the 2013-14 academic year was approx. The Colleges athletic teams are nicknamed the Britons and their colors are purple and they participate in NCAA Division III and the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association. Albion College is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the Michigan Campus Compact, U. S. News also includes a high school counselor ranking, in which Albion placed 85th among national liberal arts colleges. The origin of Albion College lies not in the city of Albion, on March 23,1835, Methodist Episcopal settlers in Spring Arbor Township obtained a charter for the Spring Arbor Seminary from the Michigan Territorial Legislature. No classes were held at the Spring Arbor location. The trustees applied to move the seminary to Albion in 1838, with 60 acres of land donated by Albion pioneer Jesse Crowell, the cornerstone was laid for the first building in 1841. The seminary, now named the Wesleyan Seminary, first held classes in 1843, in 1844, classes began in the newly constructed Central Building, which was rebuilt as the present Robinson Hall in 1907. The Albion Female Collegiate Institute was founded in 1850 by the Wesleyan Seminary Corporation, the two schools merged in 1857 under the name The Wesleyan Seminary and Female College at Albion. The Albion College student body is composed of approximately 1,500 students, the average class size of under 19 is comparable to other small liberal arts colleges. Albion College employs more than 100 full-time faculty, of more than 95% have earned the highest degree offered in their field. Albion College appears on the U. S. News & World Report list of Americas Top Liberal Arts Colleges, also, Albion is a member of The Princeton Reviews 376 Best Colleges and Best Midwestern Colleges list. Albion College offers approximately 30 academic majors leading to Bachelor of Arts, in addition to the academic majors, numerous concentrations, academic institutes, and special programs are offered. In addition to the facilities on Albions campus, Albion College also offers many opportunities for students to travel. Programs are offered in Philadelphia, Chicago, London, Heidelberg, Tübingen, Tokyo, Seoul, Cape Town, Aix-en-Provence, Ballyvaughan, Athens, Brussels and Paris, Albion offers more than 100 different off-campus programs in over 60 countries on six continents. Of the numerous buildings at Albion College, the largest is the Science Complex. The four buildings are connected by a 7, 000-square foot Atrium, Kresge Hall features labs for introductory chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and organic chemistry on the third floor. Downdraft hoods in the intro and inorganic chemistry spaces help to maintain air quality, the organic labs are equipped with 12 six-foot ventilation hoods so students can learn chemical techniques and transformations in state-of-the-art facilities
18.
Drake Bulldogs football
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The Drake Bulldogs football program represents Drake University in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision level. Drake began competing in football in 1893. The 1922 Drake Bulldogs football team is considered by many to be the greatest in Drake history and is, to date, Drake capped the historic season with a 48–6 triumph over Mississippi State on November 25,1922. They received votes as the one team in the College Football Researchers Association poll and were invited to the White House for their accomplishments. The Bulldogs were coached by legend Ossie Solem, during the 1926 Homecoming activities, Babe Ruth visited and suited up for a Drake scrimmage. Head coach Ossie Solem extended the invitation stating We finally inquired had he ever indulged in the dirt eating pastime known as football, the answer was sort of a woeful No. It was evident that the Big Bimbo had missed something in his days. Ruth scored a 20-yard touchdown in the mock scrimmage, while it was not the official Rose Bowl Game, Drake was the first Iowa school to play in the Rose Bowl Stadium. The Bulldogs defeated UCLA 25–6 in front of a capacity crowd of 40,000 on November 28,1927. At the time, UCLA played major games at the Rose Bowl Stadium, the Bruins did not officially move on a permanent basis to the Rose Bowl Stadium until 1982. The game was highlighted as one of the NCAA Football Thanksgiving Special Games that year, following the 1931 season head coach Ossie Solem schedule a game in Honolulu, Hawaii in which the bulldogs squared off against Hawaii. Solem frustrated by the lack of rewards, called the trip a reward for his teams fourth straight Missouri Valley Conference championship. In a close encounter at Honolulu Stadium on December 19,1931, the game was the first by an Iowa school in the state of Hawaii. It was also the last game for Solem as Bulldog coach and he left the next season taking the head football coach vacancy at Iowa. Drake was the first school of its size to install lights, on October 6,1928, the Bulldogs defeated Simpson College 41–6 in the first night game at Drake Stadium. In 1951, Johnny Bright was named a First Team College Football All-American and he was invited to the Heisman Trophy festivities and finished fifth in the voting. In 1969, Bright was named Drake Universitys greatest football player of all time, in February 2006, the football field at Drake Stadium, in Des Moines, Iowa, was named in his honor. In November 2006, Bright was voted one of the CFLs Top 50 players of the modern era by Canadian sports network TSN
19.
Champaign, Illinois
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Champaign is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. The city is 135 miles south of Chicago,124 miles west of Indianapolis, Indiana, the United States Census Bureau estimates the city was home to 84,513 people as of July 1,2014. Champaign is the tenth-most populous city in Illinois, and the states fourth-most populous city outside of the Chicago metropolitan area, Champaign is notable for sharing the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign with its sister city of Urbana. Champaign is also the home of Parkland College which serves about 18,000 students during the academic year. Due to the university and a number of well known technology startup companies, it is referred to as the hub, or a significant landmark. Champaign houses offices for Abbott, Archer Daniels Midland, Caterpillar, Deere & Company, Dow Chemical Company, IBM, State Farm, and Intel all of which are Fortune 500 companies, and for Sony. Champaign was founded in 1855, when the Illinois Central Railroad laid its rail track two miles west of downtown Urbana, originally called West Urbana, it was renamed Champaign when it acquired a city charter in 1860. Both the city and county name were derived from Champaign County, during February 1969, Carl Perkins joined with Bob Dylan to write the song Champaign, Illinois, which Perkins released on his album On Top. The two Champaign, Illinois songs are not similar to other, except that Bob Dylan was involved in both of them. On September 22,1985, Champaign hosted the first Farm Aid concert at the University of Illinois Memorial Stadium, the concert drew a crowd of 80,000 people and raised over $7 million for American family farmers. In 2005, Champaign-Urbana was the location of the National Science Olympiad Tournament, the city also hosts the state Science Olympiad competition every year. The University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign once again hosted the National competition on May 20–22,2010, in 2013, Champaign was rated fifth best place in the United States for a healthy work-life balance. According to the 2010 census, Champaign has an area of 22.457 square miles. Champaign is located on high ground, providing sources to the Kaskaskia River to the west. Downtown Champaign drains into Boneyard Creek, which feeds the Saline Branch of the Salt Fork Vermilion River, Champaign shares a border with the neighboring city of Urbana, together they are home to the University of Illinois. Champaign, Urbana, and the village of Savoy form the Champaign-Urbana Metropolitan Area also known as Champaign-Urbana. It may also be known as the Twin Cities or Chambana. The following diagram represents localities within a 35 miles radius of Champaign, the city has a humid continental climate, typical of the Midwestern United States, with hot summers and cold, moderately snowy winters
20.
Oberlin Yeomen football
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The Oberlin Yeomen football program represents Oberlin College in college football at the NCAA Division III level. After initially helping form the Ohio Athletic Conference in 1902, Oberlin is now part of the North Coast Athletic Conference, the College plays its home games in the Austin E. Knowlton Athletics Complex, built in 2014. The name Yeomen arose in the early 1900s as a result of blending the former team moniker with the official motto. Early on in the program, football players and other athletes were known simply as Oberlin Men or O Men. Eventually, as the department became more cohesive, the Yeomen mascot was adopted, drawing on the phonetic sound of O Men. Oberlin was the first school coached by the legendary John W. Heisman and he coached the teams in 1892 and 94, the second and fourth seasons that football was a varsity sport at the college. The faculty had not approved football as a prior to 1891. Heisman was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania where he starred as an end in football, in those days football was quite popular in the East and was just beginning to take root in the Midwest. The hiring of Heisman enabled Oberlin to become one of the teams in the Midwest. Heisman became known as the pioneer in developing the game of football into what it is today with formation shifts, centering the ball. His contribution to Oberlin was in proving that an intelligent coach was a part of the sport. The Heisman name is famous today than back in 1892. As a result, Oberlin named their athletics booster club after Heisman, on a cold Saturday afternoon in November 1892, Oberlins team took the field in Ann Arbor against a heavily favored Michigan squad which had trounced them handily the year before. The teams fastest running back was Charles Savage, who a few years later would become Oberlins director of athletics and, like Heisman, the game in Ann Arbor was close all the way. The team captains agreed on a second half, to end at 4,50 p. m. so Oberlin could catch the last train home. With less than two minutes remaining, Michigan drove to the 5-yard line before Oberlin stopped them and took over on downs, two plays later Oberlin made its final touchdown. Score, Oberlin 24, Michigan 22, with less than a minute to go. As Michigan launched its last drive, the announced that 4,50 p. m. had arrived, time had expired
21.
Stagg Field
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Amos Alonzo Stagg Field is the name of two different football fields for the University of Chicago. The earliest Stagg Field is probably best remembered for its role in a scientific achievement by Enrico Fermi during the Manhattan Project. The site of the first artificial nuclear reaction received designation as a National Historic Landmark on February 18,1965. On October 15,1966, which is the day that the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 was enacted creating the National Register of Historic Places, the site was named a Chicago Landmark on October 27,1971. A Henry Moore sculpture, Nuclear Energy, in a small quadrangle commemorates the location of the nuclear experiment, the Universitys current Stagg Field is located a few blocks away and reuses one of the original gates. Chicago Pile-1, the worlds first artificial nuclear reactor, was built under the west stands of Stagg Field, the first man-made self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction occurred on December 2,1942. The first Stagg Field was a stadium at the University of Chicago in Chicago and it was primarily used for college football games, and was the home field of the Maroons. Stagg Field originally opened in 1893 as Marshall Field, named after Marshall Field who donated land to the university to build the stadium, in 1913, the field was renamed Stagg Field after their famous coach Amos Alonzo Stagg. The final capacity, after several expansions, was 50,000. The University of Chicago discontinued its program after 1939 and left the Big Ten Conference in 1946. The stadium was demolished in 1957, and much of the site was re-utilized as the site of Regenstein Library. In addition to Maroons football, the stadium hosted other events. These include the 1936 US Olympic Trials for Track and Field held June 19–20,1936 and the NCAA Mens Track and Field Championships in 1921,1922,1923,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933, Northwestern also played a number home games at Stagg Field. At the turn of the 20th century, Northwestern was unable to handle large crowds, so they hosted then-powerhouse Minnesota at Marshall Field for a 1901 game, in 1925 Northwestern again was unable to accommodate large crowds, and as a result played two games at Stagg Field. The first was a win over Michigan. The second was an October 24 game against Tulane that had originally scheduled to be played at Soldier Field instead. Tulane won the game at Stagg Field 18-7, the University of Michigan fight song The Victors was written by Michigan music student Louis Elbel in 1898, following a 12-11 Michigan victory over the University of Chicago at Stagg Field. The current Stagg Field is a field located several blocks to the northwest that preserves the Stagg Field name
22.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
23.
Willie Heston
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William Martin Willie Heston was an American football player and coach. He played halfback at San Jose State University and the University of Michigan, Heston was the head football coach for Drake University in 1905 and North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, now North Carolina State University, in 1906. After he retired from coaching, he practiced law and served as a court judge in Michigan. Heston was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1954 and he was selected by the Football Writers Association of America as the halfback for its all-time team for the first 50 years of the sport. University of Michigan coach Fielding H. Yost rated him as the greatest player of all-time, Heston was born in Galesburg, Illinois in 1878. His father, John William Heston, was a tenant farmer near Galesburg, at age four, Heston moved with his family to a river-bottom farm in Rippey, Iowa. At age nine, Heston moved with his family to a ranch in southwestern Kansas, in 1894, Heston moved with his family to a farm in Grants Pass, Oregon. As a teenager, he worked digging a ditch to supply water to a mine and chopping down, the local high school principal, Professor Champ Price, met Heston and suggested that he attend high school. Heston attended Grants Pass High School starting in 1895, and it was there that his ability as a runner was discovered. He graduated from school in 1898 as the co-valedictorian of his class. In 1898, Heston enrolled at San Jose State Normal School in San Jose, California, Heston was introduced to football while attending San Jose State. San Joses football coach, Jesse Woods, put Heston at the position where he scored more touchdowns in his first year of football than any of the regular players. A newspaper reported on Heston in 1898, A star run of left half Heston made 70 yards … Heston was easily the star of the game, no better performance than his has been witnessed in this state. San Joses 1899 football team, with Heston as the captain, lost only one game, during the 1900 season, San Jose was undefeated and played Chico State Normal School to a 6-6 tie in the championship game. The teams agreed to a three weeks later, and Stanfords coach Fielding H. Yost agreed to coach the San Jose State team in the two weeks leading up to the rematch. With Yosts guidance, San Jose State beat Chico State 46 to 0 in the rematch, Heston received his teaching degree from San Jose State and accepted a teaching job in Oregon in 1901. Heston initially declined, but subsequently agreed and joined Yost at the University of Michigan in late summer of 1901, Heston was enrolled in the law school. With Heston in the backfield, the Michigan Wolverines had four of the most successful seasons in the history of college football, the 1901 to 1904 teams became known as the Point-a-Minute teams because they averaged more than a point for every minute played
24.
Germany Schulz
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Adolph George Germany Schulz was an All-American American football center for the University of Michigan Wolverines from 1904 to 1905 and from 1907 to 1908. While playing at Michigan, Schulz is credited with having invented the spiral snap, as the first lineman to play in back of the line on defense, he is credited as footballs first linebacker. Schulz was 21 years old when he enrolled at Michigan and had worked in an Indiana steel mill, Michigan was refused re-entry into the Western Conference in 1908 when it insisted on playing the 25-year-old Schulz for a fourth season in violation of conference eligibility rules. Despite the controversies, Schulz is remembered both as an innovator and one of the toughest football players in the days of the game. He has also inducted into the Michigan Sports Hall of Fame. After his days as a collegiate athlete ended, Schulz assumed a variety of assistant coaching, athletic director and he eventually entered the insurance industry, where he enjoyed a long career. He died in 1951, several days after being named the greatest center in football history by the College Football Foundation, Schulz was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana, the son of German immigrants. His father, Adolph F. Schulz, Sr. was a doctor who was born in 1854, the couple emigrated from Germany to the United States in 1880 with their infant daughter Wilhelmina. Schulz also had two brothers, Fred Schulz and Arthur Schulz, both of whom became doctors, Schulz played football for Fort Wayne High School and was also a member of amateur city teams for several years. In 1904, Schulz enrolled at the University of Michigan at age 21, standing 6 ft 2 in, in the early 1900s, many decried the increasing recruitment of ringers—older, experienced players whose qualifications as student athletes were suspect. Michigans coach, Fielding H. Yost, whose teams outscored their opponents 2,821 to 42 between 1901 and 1905, had accused of using ringers before. When Yost accepted the coaching job at Michigan, he had recruited his star player, 23-year-old Willie Heston. When the 21-year-old Schulz joined the team, there were suggestions that he was Yosts newest ringer, the suspicions were exacerbated by reports that Schulz was a factory worker in an Indiana steel mill who had played for a half-dozen professional teams before enrolling at Michigan. Until the time of his death, reports of his having been a ringer angered Schulz, while he did work in a steel mill, Schulz insisted that he did not come out of the steel mill to play football. Instead, Schulz said he went into the mill to harden himself up for the football season. When asked years later how he got to Michigan, Schulz recalled that, in the summer of 1904, one day, his father called to say that Fielding Yost of Michigan was in his office. Schulz ran down the street and rushed into his fathers office and his father promptly told him, Adolph, this is Mr. Yost. You are to football for him at Michigan
25.
Walter D. Graham
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Walter DeWitt Octy Graham was an American football player. He played for the University of Michigan from 1904 to 1907 and was one of the players on the famed Point-a-Minute teams of 1904 and 1905. A native of Chicago, Graham attended the English High and Manual Training School, in 1901, the Chicago Daily Tribune reported that a young Hercules had been discovered in a Chicago high school, HIGH SCHOOL BOY A MARVEL OF STRENGTH. Graham is the young Hercules in strength discovered among the Chicago high school boys who aspire to become heroes of the gridiron. After over a hundred applicants had been put through a series of tests the examiners were astonished to be confronted, in normal condition his chest measure is 41½ inches, and in expansion he stretches the tape to 44 inches. His height is 5 feet 6 inches and his flesh and muscles are as solid as bands of steel. The gripping machines did not register high enough to show his strength and it is unnecessary to add that Graham was declared fit to stand any hardship known on the gridiron. Despite his size, Graham also won honors as a hurdler while in high school, after graduating from high school, Graham enrolled at the University of Michigan. He played at the guard and tackle positions for the Michigan Wolverines football from 1904 to 1907 and he was known by the nickname Octy due to his having a long reach like an octopus. After he scored three touchdowns in a 1905 game, the Chicago Daily Tribune wrote, Octy Graham was allowed to carry the ball, moreover he carried the ball repeatedly on sprints in which he broke away from the entire field for several yards. At other times he was down under punts like an out of a gun. The cheering for Octy was prolonged, Rah for Octy, Michigans Eckersall Graham also handled kicking duties for Michigan, as a senior in 1907, he kicked two field goals for Michigans only points in an 8–0 win over Vanderbilt. After the victory over Vanderbilt, The Washington Post called Graham a tenth of a ton Wolverine star who wins games for Michigan, the New York Times later called Graham one of Michigans greatest football stars of Yosts famous point a minute eleven. Graham was married in October 1911 to Emma Lutilla Freaser at the La Salle Hotel, they took their honeymoon trip to Cuba and they had two children, Walter D. Graham, Jr. and Virginia Graham. In his draft registration submitted in 1918, Graham stated that he was a resident of Chicago, grahams first wife died in 1920, and in April 1921, Graham married Hazel Cady Chatterton of River Forest, Illinois. The couple announced their plans to live in Kenilworth and they had four children, Walter D. Graham, Jr. William Graham, Virginia Graham, and Jeanne Graham. Graham lived in River Forest in his later years, after developing a brain tumor, he underwent surgery at Chicagos Wesley Memorial Hospital in late May 1927. He showed signs of improvement in the days after the surgery, but he died at his home in River Forest less than two months later
26.
Henry Schulte
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Henry Frank Schulte was an American football player and coach and also a college track and field coach. Schulte was often referred to by the nickname Indian Schulte, though he was of German rather than Native American descent, Schulte was born in 1879 in St. Louis County, Missouri. Schulte played football at Smith Academy in St. Louis and then at Washington University in St. Louis, in response to the controversy, the faculty at Michigan ruled Schulte and two other football players, Germany Schulz and Walter Rheinschild, academically ineligible. As a result, Schulte missed the 1906 season, in his senior year at Michigan, Schulte began a long career in coaching as the track coach at Michigan State Normal College. From 1906 to 1908, Schulte served as coach of the football, baseball, in three years as Eastern Michigans football coach, Schulte compiled a 9–6–1 record. From 1909 to 1913, Schulte coached at Cape Girardeau College in Missouri and he was also an assistant coach to Fielding Yost for the 1912 Michigan Wolverines football team. From 1914 to 1919, Schulte coached football and track and field at Missouri, in three years as coach of the football team, he compiled a 16–14–2 record. The track athletes he coached at Missouri included Jackson Scholz and Bob Simpson and he has turned out well coached football teams and highly successful track teams. He has given Missouri in a coaching way what C. L. Brewer has supplied in the way of careful management, Schulte, an impulsive, impetuous fellow, is beloved of his boys. He has done much for Missouri athletics and he is entitled to the best Missouri can give him. From 1919 to 1920, he was the football coach at Nebraska. He also served as the track coach from 1919 to 1938. One newspaper columnist noted that his work with the big, sturdy plainsmen of the Cornhusker state largely was responsible for the name the school built for itself, in 20 years as the Cornhuskers track coach, Schulte coached his teams to 15 conference titles. Schulte also served as a coach on the U. S. track team at the 1928 Summer Olympics, at Nebraska, the track athletes coached by Schulte included Ed Weir, John Choppy Rhodes, Hugh Rhea, Sam Francis and Lloyd Cardwell. In later years, Schulte served as an instructor at coaching schools, in 1934, Schulte taught track coaching at a program in which Fritz Crisler also taught football coaching. It was the opinion of numerous coaches yesterday that the Texas Tech coaching school authorities would do well to sign Schulte immediately for another course next year. One of the most popular lecturers to appear here, Schulte, in 1939, Schulte resigned as Nebraskas track coach due to illness. After several years of illness, Schulte died at Lincoln, Nebraska in October 1944 at age 65, in its obituary for Schulte, the Associated Press referred to Schulte as the grand old man of the University of Nebraska track teams
27.
Joe Curtis
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John Spencer Big Joe Curtis was an American football player and coach. While playing for the University of Michigan, he was selected as a first-team All-Western tackle three consecutive years from 1904 to 1906 and as an All-American in 1904 and 1905. Curtis later served as the football coach at Tulane University from 1907 to 1908 and at the School of Mines in Golden. A native of Pueblo, Colorado, Curtis played three years of school football in Colorado. He enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1903 to play football for Fielding H. Yosts famous Point-a-Minute football teams and he played tackle for the Michigan Wolverines from 1903 to 1906. As a freshman in 1903, Curtis was selected by Yost to play on the varsity football team. He started all games at left tackle for the Michigan team that finished the season with a record of 11–0–1, outscored opponents 565–6. In 1904, Curtis started all ten games at tackle for the Michigan football team that compiled a 10–0 record, outscored opponents 567–22. At the end of the 1904 season, Curtis was selected as a first-team All-Western tackle by the Chicago Daily News, Chicago Journal, Chicago Post and Chicago News. The Chicago Tribune also selected Curtis for its 1904 All-Western team and noted, weighing 230 pounds, strong, active, he has outplayed every opponent. Seldom has he been boxed in by end of tackle plays, on the offense he has developed into one of the best ground gainers on Yosts eleven, and has been most effective in disposing of his opponents when his team has had possession of the ball. Although Eastern football writer Walter Camp picked Curtis as a second-team All-American in 1904, in announcing the selection, that writer said, Hogan of Yale is the best tackle of the year. Next to him is Curtis of Michigan, a wonder on defense, there can be little doubt of the ability of this pair to make the real All-America. Curtis was considered one of the best defensive players in the West, curtiss individual scoring totals in 1905 included the following, In a 44–0 win over Kalamazoo College, Curtis scored three touchdowns. In a 36–0 win over Case, Curtis scored two touchdowns and kicked a goal from touchdown, in a 23–0 win over Ohio Northern, Curtis scored two touchdowns and three goals from touchdown. In an 18–0 win over Vanderbilt, Curtis scored a touchdown and did service in advancing the ball. In a 31–0 win over Nebraska, Curtis scored a touchdown, in a 70–0 win over Albion College, Curtis scored a touchdown and ten goals from touchdown. In a 48–0 win over Drake, Curtis scored seven goals from touchdown, in a 40–0 win over Ohio State, Curtis scored a touchdown and a goal from touchdown
28.
Thomas S. Hammond
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Thomas Stevens Tom or T. S. Hammond was an American business and political leader, soldier, and college football player and coach. He played football for Fielding H. Yosts renowned 1903,1904 and 1905 Point-a-Minute football teams at the University of Michigan, in 1906, he served as the head coach of the Ole Miss Rebels football team. He worked for the Whiting Corporation in Harvey, Illinois, starting in 1907 and eventually became the companys president, during World War I, Hammond served as an artillery officer in the Rainbow Division of the U. S. Army. He remained active in the Illinois National Guard after the war, Hammond was also active in Republican Party politics and served as the chairman of the Illinois Citizens Republican Finance Committee and the Chicago America First Committee. During World War II, he was decorated for his work as chief of production of the Chicago ordnance district, Hammond was born in 1883 at Crown Point, New York. He came from a family that manufactured iron for generations at Crown Point and his grandfather was Brig. Gen. John Hammond, who served in the Union Army during the Civil War and later became a U. S. When the Hammond familys iron works began to suffer as a result of competition from Lake Superior iron ore, the younger Hammond attended Hyde Park High School on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois. He played football at Hyde Park as the fullback in the backfield with College Football Hall of Fame inductee Walter Eckersall. Hyde Park was undefeated for two years with Eckersall and Hammond in the backfield, and both were selected as All-City players by the Chicago Daily Tribune for 1902. Hammond was captain of the 1902 Hyde Park football team and was recruited to play football by both Amos Alonzo Stagg of the University of Chicago and Yost of Michigan. In 1903, Hammond enrolled at the University of Michigan and played football on Fielding Yosts famed Point-a-Minute football teams from 1903 to 1905. During those years, the Michigan football team compiled a record of 33–1–1, Hammond was a versatile athlete, playing both defense and offense, and at the end, halfback, fullback and tackle positions for Yosts football teams. In his first year at Michigan, Hammond led the team in scoring with 163 points on 15 touchdowns,63 goals after touchdown and his 1903 point total was more than double that of any other player, including College Football Hall of Fame inductee Willie Heston. With an additional 88 points scored in 1904 and 109 points in 1905, in June 1905, doubts were raised as to whether Hammond would return to play football for Michigan. Coach Yost told the press, Tom is a law student but is only taking law as a sort of line to his business career. He has gotten the knowledge that he needs and is anxious to join his father in the work of making money. His father is ready to give him the start he wants and, Hammond did return to complete his studies in 1905 and played a third season for Yosts football team. In November 1905, Colliers Weekly published an article by E. S. Jordan making allegations of improprieties in Michigans football program, the recruitment of Hammond was alleged to be the most flagrant case of proselyting that has come to the attention of Western educators
29.
Frank Longman
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Frank Chandler Shorty Longman was an American college football player and coach. A native of Ann Arbor, Michigan, Longman played college football at the University of Michigan from 1903 to 1905 and he later served as the head football coach at the University of Arkansas, and the University of Notre Dame. A native of Battle Creek, Michigan, Longman was one of the stars of Fielding H. Yosts Point-a-Minute teams at the University of Michigan in 1903,1904, and 1905. In December 1904, the Chicago Daily Tribune wrote, Longman hits the line like a shot from a catapult. University of Chicago star, Walter Eckersall, later wrote of Longman, Outside of Billy Heston and Tom Hammond, Longman was the most respected player on the Wolverine elevens of those years. He was a line plunger, had an uncanny knack of holding his feet. Aside from being a ball carrier, Longman was a splendid blocker. From 1906 to 1907, he served as the football coach at the University of Arkansas. He then coached for one season at the College of Wooster in 1908, from 1909 to 1910, he coached at Notre Dame, where his teams went 11–1–2. In December 1910, Longman sold a business and opened a new business in Ann Arbor. In August 1911, Longman resigned as the coach at Notre Dame, at the time, The Indianapolis Star wrote, Shorty Longman, former Michigan star full back, all-American choice, and one of the finest players that ever donned the moleskins, has forsaken football. All Notre Dame will mourn the loss of Longman and he was a prime favorite among the pigskin artists, and a general favorite among the student body. His work with the eleven and their subsequent victories made him the hero of every Notre Dame man, Longman put on the field for Notre Dame the classiest group of football players that ever fought under the Catholic colors. Longman died from tuberculosis of the lungs and larynx at the University of Michigan Hospital in 1928 at age 45, frank Longman at the College Football Data Warehouse
30.
John Garrels
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John Carlyle Johnny Garrels was an American athlete who excelled in the 110 metres hurdles, discus throw, shot put, and as a fullback and end in American football. Garrels won the medal in the mens 110 metres hurdles. On at least four occasions, he broke records in the discus throw and 110 metres hurdles. He was also a left end and fullback for the 1904,1905. In 1932, Keene Fitzpatrick, who trained multiple Olympic gold medalists, after retiring from athletics, Garrels worked as a chemical engineer. He was a director at Wyandotte Chemical Company for 27 years. He died in 1956 at Grosse Ile Township, Michigan, Garrels was born in Bay City, Michigan in 1885. He attended Central High School in Detroit, Michigan, serving as class president, in March 1903, Garrels won the all-round indoor championship of the YMCA at a meet held in Detroit. At age 17, Garrels scored 21 points at the meet with first place finishes in the vault, running high kick, hop, step and jump. Garrels enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1903 and received a degree in engineering in 1907. While attending Michigan, Garrels became one of the most accomplished athletes in the universitys history and he excelled as a member of Michigans football teams from 1904 to 1906 and as a member of its track and field team from 1904 to 1907. He was also a member of the Tau Beta Pi fraternity, in April 1904, Garrels, while still a freshman, demonstrated his ability by throwing the discus around 118 and 119 feet—a distance that would have won the event at the prior weeks Philadelphia meet. Garrels announced at the time that he intended to make a specialty of the discus throw. In April 1905, while competing at a meet in Philadelphia, Garrels threw the discus a distance of 135 feet and one-half inch, however, AAU officials ruled that the discus used by Garrels did not comply strictly with AAU regulations. At that meet, Garrels threw the discus 140 feet, 2-3/8 inches, the Detroit Free Press wrote that the AAU was a discredited organization and led its coverage of the ruling with a headline declaring, GARRELS AGAIN ROBBED OF HONORS, A. A. U. At the Western Conference meet in June 1906, Garrels won 18 points -- more than any college team outside of Michigan. Under the AAU rules in effect at the time, all hurdles must be standing at the end of the race, Garrels time did qualify, however, as a new Western Conference record. Following the 1906 conference meet, Garrels was elected captain of the 1907 track team and his point total was the highest of any athlete at the meet
31.
Paul Magoffin
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Paul Parker Maggie Magoffin was an American football player. He played left halfback for Fielding H. Yosts University of Michigan Wolverines football teams of 1904,1905,1906 and 1907 and he later served as a football coach at North Dakota State University and George Washington University. Magoffin first played football on a Kansas high school team and he later ran track and played two years of football for Central High School in Washington, D. C. He later attended the Academy at Marietta and played one year for of football for Marietta College in Marietta, at Marietta, Magoffin played for William C. King Cole, who had previously been a star player for Fielding H. Yost at the University of Michigan. He became a starter at halfback for the 1905 Michigan Wolverines football team that compiled a 12–1 record. He continued as a starter at left halfback on the 1906 and 1907 Michigan teams and he did his greatest work in the Pennsylvania contest, fighting gamely and stubbornly to the end. His repeated fierce tackling of Hollenbeck for losses was one of the features of that game for the Michigan spectators. On November 3,1907, Magoffin became the first player to catch a pass for a touchdown in a Michigan – Ohio State game. Magoffin scored five times during Michigans 46–0 victory over Ohio State in 1907, the 1907 team captained by Magoffin won its first five games without allowing a point to be scored. The Wolverines lost the game of the season to Penn by a score of 6–0. They disputed play was a 35-yard touchdown pass to Magoffin that was disallowed by the referee, I know that, after having worked with that play for two years, and I was not taking any chances with it. Magoffins touchdown was as legal as any play I ever saw on a football field, in 1910, Magoffin was the football coach for the George Washington University Hatchetities in Washington, D. C. In September 1910, The Washington Post reported that Coach Magoffin led his George Washington football team in practice sessions on the White House Ellipse, Magoffin served as an official in college and high school football games for at least 32 years from 1912 to 1943. In December 1914, he was married in Philadelphia to Edith Jane Young and he died in 1956 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Paul Magoffin at the College Football Data Warehouse
32.
Dan McGugin
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Daniel Earle McGugin was an American football player and coach, as well as a lawyer. He served as the football coach at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee from 1904 to 1917 and again from 1919 to 1934. He is the winningest head coach in the history of the university, McGugin was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1951 as part of its inaugural class. Zipp Newman once wrote “I believe Dan McGugin would have gone down in history as the greatest of all coaches had he given all of his time to coaching. He was a great play-maker, but football was a sport for the beloved McGugin and law was his profession. ”McGugin was born in July 1879 on a farm near Tingley and he was the son of Benjamin Franklin McGugin and Melissa McGugin. He was of Scottish and Irish descent, McGugin saw the baton twirling skills of W. W. Wharton in Tingley for a Sunday evening church service one day in 1896 and was intrigued. Wharton, Drake Universitys first football coach, suggested he play football instead, come to Drake University, Wharton suggested, and well make you as fine a tackle as there is. McGugin enrolled at Drake University and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1901 and he played football at Drake for two years at the guard and tackle positions and was considered one of the best players that Drake ever had. After one victory he purchased a small cannon and fired it at regular fifteen-minute intervals, nodding politely to neighbors Sabbath complaints. After graduating from Drake, McGugin enrolled in law school at the University of Michigan, while there, McGugin played college football for Fielding H. Yost. He was a player on Michigans Point-a-Minute teams that outscored their opponents,1,211 to 12 in 1901 and 1902, as a guard he is careful yet nervy. He gets the jump on his opponents and keeps the advantage, although a hard player he goes into each scrimmage with as much composure as if he were walking along the campus. McGugin, although good in every department of his position, has two qualities that are pre-eminent, namely, making interference and opening holes, heston has been especially fortunate this year in having a good interference, and part of that interference has been McGugin. McGugin was the football coach for the Vanderbilt Commodores of Vanderbilt University from 1904 to 1917. During his tenures, the Vanderbilt Commodores compiled a 197–55–19 record, had a.762 winning percentage, and won 11 conference titles. He had numerous intersectional triumphs, defeating the Carlisle Indians in 1906, and tying the Navy Midshipmen in 1907, the Yale Bulldogs in 1910, McGugin used his mentor Yosts short punt formation. In his first career game, McGugins team defeated Mississippi A&M and he went on to win his next two games by 60 points as well. He remains the only coach in NCAA history to win his first three games by 60 points and he also won each of his first 11 games by more than 20 points
33.
Keene Fitzpatrick
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He was considered one of the pioneers of intercollegiate sport. Fitzpatrick was born in either 1864 or 1865 in Massachusetts and his father was born in Ireland. As a young man in the 1880s, Fitzpatrick was a sprinter with the national champion Natick Hook and Ladder Company team. As a coach, he is credited with inventing a new pole-vaulting technique and with coaching numerous Olympic gold medalists, including Archie Hahn, Ralph Rose, Charles Dvorak and Ralph Craig. He was also the trainer for the Michigan Wolverines football teams from 1894 to 1895 and 1898–1909, Fitzpatrick was born in Natick, Massachusetts in 1864. He died in Princeton, New Jersey at age 79 in 1944, in the late 1870s and 1880s, New England was the home of the professional athlete. Teams of professional sprinters formed in New England, for a decade, the sport thrived, and Fitzpatrick was one of the leading sprinters. Sprinters took up residence in small towns and competed with the fire companies that engaged in hose races with other companies. Fitzpatrick was one of the first to organize the famous hose, hook and ladder teams, when racing of this kind was so popular, the Natick Hook and Ladder Company was the most successful of the New England teams, becoming the worlds championship organization. In 1885, the only race to determine the national champion of American professional sprinters was held. Several members of the Natick Hook and Ladder Company went on to become leading trainers at American universities, in 1890 and 1891, Fitzpatrick was an athletic trainer at Yale University. Legendary football coach Amos Alonzo Stagg was a pupil of Fitzpatrick at Yale in 1890, in 1892, Fitzpatricks former Natick teammate, Mike Murphy, left his job as trainer at the Detroit Athletic Club to become the trainer at Yale. On Murphys recommendation, Fitzpatrick was hired to replace him in Detroit, while Fitzpatrick was the trainer in Detroit, the clubs leading sprinter, Harry S. Jewett, was the champion sprinter of the United States and Canada. In 1892, Jewett won the American 100-yard and one-furlong championships, Jewett also set an American record in the 220-yard dash in 1893. In 1894, Fitzpatrick was hired by the University of Michigan as the trainer for the football team. During Fitzpatricks first stint as Michigans trainer, the teams had two of the best seasons in the schools history. The team lost only one each year and outscored opponents 510-98. During these two seasons, Michigan also proved that a Western football team could compete with the major Eastern schools that dominated the game to that time, in 1894, Michigan defeated Cornell, 12-4, and in 1895, the team beat Harvard, 4-0
34.
William Dennison Clark
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William Dennison Denny Clark was an American football player. He played for the University of Michigan from 1903 to 1905 and he was blamed for Michigans 1905 loss to the University of Chicago, which ended the Wolverines 56-game unbeaten streak. He committed suicide at a hotel in Salem, Oregon, in 1932. A native of Detroit, Michigan, Clark was the son of the Rev. Rufus Wheelwright Clark, who served for years as the rector at St. Pauls Episcopal Church in Detroit. His maternal grandfather was William Dennison, Jr. who served as the 24th Governor of Ohio, postmaster General in the Cabinet of President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. Clark played football for Fielding H. Yosts Point-a-Minute teams at the University of Michigan from 1903 to 1905, Clark was a versatile player who played at the halfback, fullback, and end positions. He was the scorer on the 1904 Michigan team with 10 touchdowns. In the final game of the 1905 season, Clark was blamed for Michigans 2–0 loss to the University of Chicago, going into the final game of the season, the Wolverines were unbeaten, untied, and unscored upon. The two teams played to a tie for more than 50 minutes, when Clark was tackled for a safety as he attempted to return a punt from behind the goal line. The Detroit Free Press described the play as follows, Eckersall, Chicago at the time was on Michigans 43-yard line. Barlow and Clark were playing back to take the kick, but the ball, low and well driven, Clark went behind the line after the ball, with two Chicago players down on him. There was hardly a chance to get away, and he could have played it safe and he shook off the two tacklers, however, and tried to run the ball back. He was a yard or so over the line on the field when Carlin reached him, and threw him back, forcing him over his own goal line. The result was a safety, two points, and the game, Chicago contenting itself from time on with kicking out of danger when it could not advance. After the game, newspapers described Clarks play as the wretched blunder, Clark was reported to have been so despondent after the game that he was reported to have said, O, this is horrible. I shall kill myself because I am in disgrace, however, Clark and his family denied the reports that he was suicidal. Two days after the game, the Detroit Free Press reported, Denny Clark is alive, the plucky little football player, whose error of judgment lost Michigan her five years prestige on the western gridiron, has not committed suicide, nor has he attempted anything of the sort. He has not lost his reason, and he not look as though he is in immediate need of medical attention
35.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, often cited as one of the worlds most prestigious universities. Researchers worked on computers, radar, and inertial guidance during World War II, post-war defense research contributed to the rapid expansion of the faculty and campus under James Killian. The current 168-acre campus opened in 1916 and extends over 1 mile along the bank of the Charles River basin. The Institute is traditionally known for its research and education in the sciences and engineering, and more recently in biology, economics, linguistics. Air Force and 6 Fields Medalists have been affiliated with MIT, the school has a strong entrepreneurial culture, and the aggregated revenues of companies founded by MIT alumni would rank as the eleventh-largest economy in the world. In 1859, a proposal was submitted to the Massachusetts General Court to use newly filled lands in Back Bay, Boston for a Conservatory of Art and Science, but the proposal failed. A charter for the incorporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Rogers, a professor from the University of Virginia, wanted to establish an institution to address rapid scientific and technological advances. The Rogers Plan reflected the German research university model, emphasizing an independent faculty engaged in research, as well as instruction oriented around seminars, two days after the charter was issued, the first battle of the Civil War broke out. After a long delay through the war years, MITs first classes were held in the Mercantile Building in Boston in 1865, in 1863 under the same act, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts founded the Massachusetts Agricultural College, which developed as the University of Massachusetts Amherst. In 1866, the proceeds from sales went toward new buildings in the Back Bay. MIT was informally called Boston Tech, the institute adopted the European polytechnic university model and emphasized laboratory instruction from an early date. Despite chronic financial problems, the institute saw growth in the last two decades of the 19th century under President Francis Amasa Walker. Programs in electrical, chemical, marine, and sanitary engineering were introduced, new buildings were built, the curriculum drifted to a vocational emphasis, with less focus on theoretical science. The fledgling school still suffered from chronic financial shortages which diverted the attention of the MIT leadership, during these Boston Tech years, MIT faculty and alumni rebuffed Harvard University president Charles W. Eliots repeated attempts to merge MIT with Harvard Colleges Lawrence Scientific School. There would be at least six attempts to absorb MIT into Harvard, in its cramped Back Bay location, MIT could not afford to expand its overcrowded facilities, driving a desperate search for a new campus and funding. Eventually the MIT Corporation approved an agreement to merge with Harvard, over the vehement objections of MIT faculty, students. However, a 1917 decision by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court effectively put an end to the merger scheme, the neoclassical New Technology campus was designed by William W. Bosworth and had been funded largely by anonymous donations from a mysterious Mr. Smith, starting in 1912. In January 1920, the donor was revealed to be the industrialist George Eastman of Rochester, New York, who had invented methods of production and processing
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