1.
1896 in film
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The following is an overview of the events of 1896 in film, including a list of films released and notable births. January - In the United States, the Vitascope film projector is designed by Charles Francis Jenkins, Armat begins working with Thomas Edison to manufacture it. January 14 - Birt Acres demonstrates his film projector, the Kineopticon and this is the first film show to an audience in the U. K. February 20 - In London, Robert W. Paul demonstrates his film projector, the Theatrograph, at the Alhambra Theatre. The Lumière Brothers first project their films in Britain, at the Empire Theatre of Varieties, april - Edison and Armats Vitascope is used to project motion pictures in public screenings in New York City. May 14 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia is crowned in Moscow, in France, magician and filmmaker Georges Méliès begins experimenting with the new motion picture technology, developing early special effect techniques, including stop motion. The Pathé Frères film company is founded, William Selig founds the Selig Polyscope Company in Chicago. Demeny-Gaumont work on a 60 mm format, first known as Biographe, casimir Sivan and E. Dalphin create a 38 mm format. H. Laddé The Haunted Castle, directed by Georges Méliès The Kiss, directed by William Heise, starring May Irwin, may be considered the first romantic film. H. Laddé Up the River, directed by Unknown The Vanishing Lady, directed by Georges Méliès Zwemplaats voor Jongelingen te Amsterdam, mantell 1896 in film playlist on YouTube
2.
1905 in art
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Summer – Henri Matisse and André Derain work together in the French Mediterranean village of Collioure. October – Salon dAutomne in Paris, the colors used by Matisse and others lead the critic Louis Vauxcelles to describe their works derisively as les Fauves. Die Brücke group of German expressionist artists formed in Dresden, léon Bonnat succeeds Paul Dubois as director of the Ecole des Beaux Arts. Alfred Stieglitz and Edward Steichen open the Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession photo art gallery on Fifth Avenue in New York City, opening of the Gibbes Museum of Art in Charleston, South Carolina. Jacob Epstein establishes his studio in London
3.
1905 in architecture
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The year 1905 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. October 18 - London County Councils new street at Kingsway and redevelopment of Aldwych are opened, work begins on Stoclet Palace, Brussels, designed by Josef Hoffmann. Formation of the Dresden Die Brücke expressionist architecture movement, february 27 - Berlin Cathedral in Berlin, Germany, is inaugurated. June 11 - National Theatre of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela September 27 - Arcade du Cinquantenaire in Brussels, Belgium, november - The Plaza Grill and Cinema, Ottawa, Kansas, possibly the oldest movie theater in the United States that is still in operation. Darwin D. Martin House in Buffalo, New York, USA, zacherlhaus in Vienna, Austria, designed by Jože Plečnik. Land Administration Building in Brisbane, Australia, designed by Thomas Pye, st. Stephens Basilica in Budapest, Hungary, completed by József Kauser to an 1851 design by Miklós Ybl. Hôtel de ville in Sfax, Tunisia, designed by Raphaël Guy, voewood, High Kelling, Norfolk, UK, designed by E. S. Prior. Antwerpen-Centraal railway station in Belgium, designed by Louis Delacenserie, murry Guggenheim House in West Long Branch, New Jersey, designed by Carrère and Hastings. Royal Gold Medal - Aston Webb, grand Prix de Rome, architecture, Albert Henry Krehbiel. C. August 2 - Cesar Castellani, Maltese architect working in British Guiana August 22 - Alfred Waterhouse, English architect of the Gothic Revival
4.
1905 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1905. January 6 - Premiere of Leoš Janáčeks piano cycle On an Overgrown Path at the Besední dům Hall in Brno, January 26 - Arnold Schoenbergs symphonic poem Pelleas und Melisande is premiered in Vienna. January 29 - Gustav Mahlers Kindertotenlieder is premiered in Vienna, september - The lyrics of Rabindranath Tagores song Amar Shonar Bangla are published in two magazines. They are later adopted as the anthem of Bangladesh. October - The opera house at Nancy, France, is destroyed by fire, october 15 - Claude Debussys La Mer is premiered in Paris. October 21 - Henry Wood first conducts a performance of his Fantasia on British Sea Songs at a Trafalgar Day concert in London, Otto Klemperer meets Mahler for the first time, while conducting one of his works. Hery Frantzen Come Clean by Paul Sarebresole Daddys Little Girl w. Edward Madden m. Theodore F. Morse Dearie w. m, clare Kummer Down Where The Silvry Mohawk Flows w. Monroe Rosenfeld m. John A. Heinzman & Otto Milton Heinzman Everybody Works But Father w. m, Jean Havez Farewell, Mister Abner Hemingway w. William Jerome m. Jean Schwartz Forty-Five Minutes From Broadway w. m, George M. Cohan from the musical of the same name. Friends That Are Good And True Eysler G. O. P. Bryan, Hoffman Gee, but This Is A Lonesome Town Gaston The Girl Who Cares For Me w. Gus Edwards Goodbye, Maggie Doyle Jean Schwartz Good-bye, Sweet Old Manhattan Isle w. William Jerome m. Jean Schwartz Goodbye, Sweetheart, Goodbye w. Arthur J. Lamb m. Harry von Tilzer Happy Heine m. J. Bodewalt Lampe Hes Me Pal w. Vincent P. Bryan m. Victor Herbert I Would Like To Marry You w. m. Edward Laska I Thought It Was My Birthday Come w. m, T. W. Connor If A Girl Like You Loved A Boy Like Me w. m. Gus Edwards If The Man In The Moon Were A Coon w. m, Fred Fisher Im Getting Sleepy w. Wilbur U. Gumm m. Joe Hollander Im The Only Star That Twinkles On Broadway w. Andrew B, sterling m. Harry von Tilzer Im Trying To Find A Sweetheart w. Jean Lenox m. Henry O. Sutton In Dear Old Georgia w. Harry Williams m. Egbert Van Alstyne In My Merry Oldsmobile w. Vincent P. Bryan m, gus Edwards In the Shade of the Old Apple Tree w. Harry H. Williams m. Egbert Van Alstyne The Irish Girl I Love w. George V. Hobart m, W. Frank Williams m. Ernest Hogan & Tom Lemonier It Aint All Honey And It Aint All Jam w. m. Fred Murray & George Everard Its Allus De Same In Dixie Cook Ive Got A Little Money And Ive Saved It All For You Farrell, Silver Ive Sweethearts In Every Port Keith Jolly Pickaninnies m
5.
1905 in science
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The year 1905 in science and technology involved some significant events, particularly in physics, listed below. January 2 – Charles Dillon Perrine at Lick Observatory discovers Elara, the Dominion Observatory opens in Ottawa. Various astronomers discover the minor planets 554 Peraga through 583 Klotilde, the nova V604 Aquilae appears in the constellation Aquila. The Umov effect is noted by Nikolay Umov, april 18 – William Bateson coins the term genetics in a letter to Adam Sedgwick. Reginald Punnetts Mendelism is published in Cambridge, probably the first popular book on genetics. Frederick Blackman proposes his law of limiting factors in relation to photosynthesis, nettie Stevens and Edmund Beecher Wilson independently describe the XY sex-determination system. Stamen Grigorov identifies the bacterium Lactobacillus bulgaricus, an agent in the creation of yogurt. Maltese doctor and archaeologist Themistocles Zammit identifies unpasteurized milk as the source of the pathogen causing Brucellosis. National Association of Audubon Societies for the Protection of Wild Birds, Carl von Linde obtains pure liquid oxygen and nitrogen by cooling air. Alfred Einhorn synthesises the local anesthetic novocaine, the first commercial use of the Frank–Caro process for the nitrogen fixation reaction of calcium carbide and atmospheric nitrogen to produce calcium nitrate as a fertilizer. Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch develop the Haber process for making ammonia from its elements, pierre Fatou defines the Mandelbrot set. Oswald Veblen proves the Jordan curve theorem, martin Kutta describes the popular fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. James Cullen, S. J. begins the study of Cullen numbers, emanuel Lasker proves the Lasker–Noether theorem for the special case of polynomial rings. The Saurian Expedition led by John C, merriam recovers many specimens of ichthyosaur. Tyrannosaurus rex is described and named by Henry Fairfield Osborn, albert Einstein publishes his four Annus Mirabilis papers. In particular, he formulates the theory of relativity and states the law of mass-energy conservation. He also explains the effect by quantization and mathematically analyzes Brownian motion. Because of this,1905 is said to be the year for physics
6.
Reel
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A reel is an object around which lengths of another material are wound for storage. Generally a reel has a core and walls on the sides to retain the material wound around the core. In some cases the core is hollow, although other items may be mounted on it, the size of the core is dependent on several factors. A smaller core will obviously allow more material to be stored in a given space, however, there is a limit to how tightly the stored material can be wound without damaging it and this limits how small the core can be. Other issues affecting the core include, Mechanical strength of the core Acceptable turning speed any functional requirements of the core e. g. For a reel that must be mechanically turned the size of the grips that mount it on the mechanical turning device, the size of the mountings needed to support the core during unwinding. Anything mounted on the cores With material such as photographic film that is flat and long but is relatively wide, in cases where the material is more uniform in cross-section, the material may be safely wound around a reel that is wider than its width. In this case, several windings are needed to create a layer on the reel, most films have visible cues which mark the end of the reel. This allows projectionists running reel-to-reel to change over to the reel on the other projector. A so-called two-reeler would have run about 20–24 minutes since the short film shipped to a movie theater for exhibition may have had slightly less than 1,000 ft on it. Most modern projectionists use the term reel when referring to a 2, 000-foot two-reeler, as modern films are rarely shipped by single 1, a standard Hollywood movie averages about five 2000-foot reels in length. Had it not been standardized there would have many difficulties in the manufacture of the related equipment. A16 mm reel is 400 feet and it runs, at sound speed, approximately the same amount of time as a 1, 000-foot 35 mm reel. A split reel is a motion picture film reel in two halves that, when assembled, hold a specific length of motion picture film that has been wound on a plastic core. Using a split reel allows film to be shipped or handled in a lighter and smaller form than film would on a fixed reel, in silent film terminology, two films on one reel. Actors may submit a demo reel of their work to prospective employers, often in physical reel format
7.
1887 in film
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The following is an overview of the events of 1887 in film, including a list of films released and notable births. Hannibal Goodwin files for a patent for his photographic film, Louis Le Princes 16-lens camera is made in the United States and the film Man Walking Around a Corner is filmed using it this year. Man Walking Around a Corner, directed by Louis Le Prince, filmed in Paris before 18 August 1887. People could view realistic photographs with nature, history, and science themes, at first, the shows used random images, but over time, the projectionists began to place the slides in logical order, creating a narrative. The next step back to pre-date the Langenheim brothers work is the process created by Louis Daguerre in 1839 called daguerreotype. Followed 2 years later by a photographic process created by William Henry Fox Talbot in 1841 called calotype. The next step back to pre-date Daguerres work is a theory of moving images presented by Peter Mark Roget in 1824 called Persistence of Vision. This theory helped advance experiments to prove that a frame rate of less than 16 frames per second caused the mind to see flashing images. Audiences still interpret motion at rates as low as ten frames per second or slower, a modern theatrical film runs at 24 frames a second. This is the case for both film and digital cinema systems. Archived from the original on 2013-07-13
8.
1910s in film
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The decade of the 1910s in film involved some significant films. The 1910s saw the origins of Hollywood as the centre of the American film industry relocated from New York to California, by 1912, major motion-picture companies had set up production near or in Los Angeles. In the early 1900s, most motion picture patents were held by Thomas Edisons Motion Picture Patents Company in New Jersey, to escape this, filmmakers began moving out west, where Edisons patents could not be enforced. Also, the weather was ideal and there was access to various settings. Los Angeles became the capital of the film industry, during the First World War the film industries of Europe were devastated, and Hollywood replaced the French and Italian firms as the most popular film makers in the world. Film, History of film, Lists of films
9.
1916 in film
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The year 1916 in film involved some significant events. August 10 - The official British documentary propaganda film The Battle of the Somme is premièred in London, in the first six weeks of general release 20 million people view it. September 5 - Release of D. W. Griffiths epic film Intolerance, Loves Struggle Through the Ages, starring Lillian Gish and Constance Talmadge and it is estimated to have cost around $2.5 million to make but is initially a commercial failure. October 17 - Release of A Daughter of the Gods, the first US production with a million dollar budget, november 19 - Samuel Goldfish and Edgar Selwyn establish Goldwyn Pictures, later to become one of the most successful independent filmmakers. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers is founded in the United States as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers,11 mm, an amateur film gauge, appears on the market
10.
1917 in film
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1917 in film was a particularly fruitful year for the art form, and is often cited as one of the years in the decade which contributed to the medium the most, along with 1913. Secondarily the year saw a limited global embrace of narrative film-making, primarily, the year is an American landmark, as 1917 is the first year where the narrative and visual style is typified as Classical Hollywood. February - Buster Keaton first meets Roscoe Fatty Arbuckle in New York and is hired as a co-star and gag man. April 23 - Release in the United States of the short The Butcher Boy, the first of Roscoe Fatty Arbuckles series of films with the Comique Film Corporation, april 25 - Thomas Lincoln Tally, in a meeting in New York, co-founds the First National Exhibitors Circuit. September 13 - Release in the United States of The Gulf Between, the first film made in Technicolor System 1, a two-color process. November 9 - Worlds first feature-length animated film is made in Argentina by Quirino Cristiani December 18 - Foundation of Universum Film AG, as a film company. Movette, another revision of the 17.5 mm film format, is made available, april 23 - The Butcher Boy, starring Fatty Arbuckle with Buster Keaton May 14 - A Romance of the Redwoods, directed by Cecil B. DeMille, starring Mary Pickford May 19 - One Law for Both directed by Ivan Abramson May 20 - Souls Triumphant, starring Lillian Gish May 21 - A Reckless Romeo, august 27 - The Little American, starring Mary Pickford, directed by Cecil B. September 22 - Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, starring Mary Pickford September 30 - Camille, a Fatty Arbuckle / Buster Keaton short. October 29 - Coney Island, a Fatty Arbuckle / Buster Keaton short. S
