The 1906 Sheriff of London Charity Shield was the ninth Sheriff of London Charity Shield, contested for the first time by Liverpool F.C. and the 8th time by Corinthian. The match was eagerly anticipated due to Corinthian having only lost a single match in the season and Liverpool being widely regarded as among the best teams in the country.

The Sheriff of London Charity Shield, also known as the Dewar Shield, was a football competition played annually between the best amateur and best professional club in England, though Scottish amateur side Queens Park also took part in 1899. The professional side was either the Football League champion or FA Cup winner from the previous season while the amateurs were usually represented by Corinthians, a renowned amateur side of the time. The first game was played on 19 March 1898, after being devised by Sir Thomas Dewar and ratified by the Football Association, whose president Lord Kinnaird and former president Sir Francis Marindin sat on the Shield's committee.