1.
Big Ten Conference
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The Big Ten Conference, formerly Western Conference and Big Nine Conference, is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States. The conference includes the public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska. The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H, in 1905, the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference Athletic Association. Big Ten member institutions are predominantly major flagship research universities with large financial endowments, large student enrollment is also a hallmark of Big Ten universities, as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students. Northwestern University, one of just two members with a total enrollment of fewer than 30,000 students, is the lone private university among Big Ten membership. Collectively, Big Ten universities educate more than 520,000 total students and have 5.7 million living alumni, Big Ten universities engage in $9.3 billion in funded research each year. Big Ten universities are members of the Big Ten Academic Alliance. In 2014–2015, members generated more than $10 billion in research expenditures, Johns Hopkins University was invited in 2012 to join the Big Ten as an associate member participating in mens lacrosse only. In 2015, it was accepted as an associate member in womens lacrosse. Notre Dame is scheduled to join the Big Ten in 2017 as a member in mens ice hockey. Notes Notes Notes The University of Chicago was a co-founder of the conference, lake Forest College attended the original 1895 meeting that led to the formation of the conference, but did not join it. Full members Full members Sport Affiliate Other Conference Other Conference The Big Ten Conference sponsors championship competition in 14 mens and 14 womens NCAA sanctioned sports, Notes, * Notre Dame will join the Big Ten in the 2017–18 school year as an affiliate member in mens ice hockey. It continues to field its other sports in the ACC except in football where it will continue to compete as an independent, ° Johns Hopkins joined the Big Ten in 2014 as an affiliate member in mens lacrosse, with womens lacrosse to follow in 2016. Ohio State and Penn State, like most NCAA fencing schools, have coed teams,2, Mens rowing, whether heavyweight or lightweight, is not governed by the NCAA, but instead by the Intercollegiate Rowing Association. Rutgers Mens Rowing was downgraded to Club status in 2008,3, Unlike rifle, pistol is not an NCAA-governed sport. 4, Rifle is technically a mens sport, but mens, womens, Ohio State fields a coed team. The eligibility of student-athletes was one of the topics of discussion. The Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives was founded at a meeting on February 8,1896
2.
Bartlett Gymnasium
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Bartlett Gymnasium is a former athletic facility on the campus of the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois, United States, that has been converted into a campus dining hall. Construction of the building took place between November,1901 and January,1904 on land owned by the university, the cost of construction, however, was covered by Hibbard, Spencer, Bartlett & Company owner Adolphus C. The gymnasium was built as a memorial for A. C. Bartletts son, Frank Dickinson Bartlett, upon completion, the Gothic style building was 200 feet by 80 feet with 2 stories and a basement. This gym also includes a 12 foot wide, 1/13 of a mile, additionally, the ground floor contained locker rooms, faculty exercising room, a 60 foot long by 28 foot wide swimming pool, bathrooms and offices. The basement was focused on specialized rooms for athletic teams, in 1932, the team moved into the newly built Henry Crown Field House, and the building became underutilized and fell into disrepair. In 2002, the gymnasium was remodeled to become a dining hall. Upon its completion, the gymnasium contained a mural within the front entrance hall created by Frederic Clay Bartlett, the mural depicts Athletic Games in the Middle Ages with the participants dressed in appropriate attire. The gym also included the Bartlett Memorial Window, presented to the university by William Gold Hibbard, the stained-glass was taken from Walter Scotts Ivanhoe and represents Rowena crowning Ivanhoe at the close of the second days tournament at Ashby de la Zouche. The window was designed and drawn by Edward P. Sperry, over 15,000 pieces of glass were used in the construction of the window. The window was placed above the entrance of the gymnasium. In 2001, during the renovation of the gymnasium, the university removed the stained-glass with a promise to restore, the dedication ceremony took place immediately following the annual football dinner hosted by President Harper. Addresses to the included, The Presentation Address by Adolphus C. The presentations took place on the floor of the new gymnasium. The invocation was given by Reverend Professor Edward Judson D. D. of the Divinity School followed by the previously mentioned speeches, following the addresses, a reception, hosted by President and Mrs. Harper, was held within the gym. Historic images of Bartlett Gymnasium Remodel of Bartlett Gymnasium Official website
3.
Minnesota Golden Gophers men's basketball
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The Minnesota Golden Gophers mens basketball team represents the University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus. The Golden Gophers have played in the Big Ten since the conference began sponsoring basketball in 1905, the Gophers had great success in the early years of basketball, but have been largely overshadowed by other programs since the end of World War I. In total, the Gophers have won nine Big Ten championships, college basketball research organizations have retroactively awarded Minnesota national championships in 1902,1903, and 1919. The team has also had several instances of NCAA sanctions on the program that have affected performance and recruiting. In the 1970s, the Gophers were in a violent brawl with the Ohio State Buckeyes and were barred from post-season appearances for two seasons after an incident involving the illegal resale of tickets. Still more severe was the academic scandal under then-coach Clem Haskins that resulted in the forfeit of a Final Four appearance. Initially, the Gophers team formed without any organized coach, L. J. Cooke took over the team in 1897. Cooke was put on the University payroll on a basis in early 1897 and full-time by the fall. Cooke remained the coach of the Gophers for 28 seasons, Dave MacMillan, who coached the team from 1927 to 1942 and 1945 to 1948, had the second longest tenure as coach at 18 seasons. The Gophers have had several NBA coaches grace the sidelines, John Kundla took over as Gophers head coach after the Minneapolis Lakers departed for Los Angeles. Bill Fitch and Bill Musselman both coached the team for a couple seasons before departing for the NBA and ABA respectively, the program has had a fair degree of stability with their coaching staff. Tubby Smith became the 16th head coach in Gopher basketball history when hired in 2007, Five coaches led the team for more than 10 seasons, Cooke, McMillan, O. B. Cowles, Jim Dutcher, and Clem Haskins, on March 25,2013, Tubby Smith was fired after failing to reach the Sweet Sixteen again. The Gophers hired Richard Pitino on April 3,2013, the Golden Gophers have had many successful players come through the program throughout its history. In the early years of basketball, when the Gophers had success, george Tuck was a dominant center, and the first All-America for the Gophers in 1905. Frank Lawler was another star, he led the Big Ten in scoring in 1911 and was also named to the All-America team. In 1950, Lawler was named the greatest player in Gopher basketball history, Hall of Fame coach John Kundla was also a Gophers star and helped lead the team to its 1937 Big Ten Championship. With the decline of the stature of the Gophers program, fewer elite players have joined the team, the diminished reputation has not, however, prevented some superior athletes from coming to the Minneapolis campus
4.
Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball
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The Purdue Boilermakers basketball team is a college basketball program that competes in NCAA Division I and is a member of the Big Ten Conference. Purdue basketball has the most Big Ten Championships with 23, the Boilermakers have reached two NCAA Tournament Final Fours. The 1931–32 team was named the national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation. Purdue has sent more than 30 players to the NBA, including two overall No.1 picks in the NBA draft, Purdue shares a traditional rivalry with in-state foe Indiana University, and holds a 117–89 all-time series lead. The history of Purdue basketball dates back to 1896 with their first game against the Lafayette YMCA, in the 1902–03 season, head coach C. I. Freeman, in his season, led them to an undefeated 8–0 record. Upon conclusion of the season, the university recognized the popularity of the sport, the Boilermakers began play in the Big Ten Conference three years later, with its first championship coming in 1911 under the direction of Ralph Jones. In 1917, Ward Piggy Lambert, a basketball player at Wabash College, was named head coach of the Boilermakers. What followed was one of the most dominant eras of Purdue Basketball on the conference, under Lambert, Purdue became a front-runner in the development of the fast-paced game as it is today. Lambert compiled a record of 371–152, a.709 winning percentage. His 228 wins in Big Ten play have been bested by only Indianas Bob Knight, Lambert won an unprecedented 11 Big Ten Championships, which Bobby Knight later tied for most in conference history. In 1943, the Helms Athletic Foundation retroactively recognized Purdue as its champion for 1932. The Premo-Porretta Power Poll later recognized the Boilermakers as the 1932 national champion as well, Ward Lambert announced his resignation on January 23,1946. That same year and the following under new head coach Mel Taube. Center Paul Hoffman became the only Boiler to be named a First Team-All Big Ten selection four times in 1947, after Mel Taubes four and a half seasons, Ray Eddy, a former player and teammate of John Wooden under Lambert, took over as head coach. In 1955, his team played one of the longest games in basketball history. Schaus led the Boilermakers to the 1974 NIT Championship, becoming the first Big Ten team to capture the NIT title, in the 1978–79 season, new head coach Lee Rose introduced Purdue basketball to a new approach with a slowed-down, controlled style of play. With All-American center Joe Barry Carroll, he led them to the 1979 NIT Finals, in 1980, Gene Keady, the head coach of Western Kentucky and former assistant to Eddie Sutton with the Arkansas Razorbacks, was named the new head coach of the Boilermakers
5.
Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball
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The Iowa Hawkeyes mens basketball team represents the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa, as a member of the Big Ten Conference and the National Collegiate Athletic Association. They currently play in 15, 400-seat Carver-Hawkeye Arena, along with the womens basketball, wrestling. Fran McCaffery was named the Hawkeyes newest coach on Monday, March 29,2010, the Hawkeyes have won eight Big Ten regular-season conference championships, the last coming in 1979. More recently, Iowa has won the Big Ten tournament twice, Iowa has also played in the Final Four on three occasions, reaching the semifinals in 1955 and 1980 and playing in the championship game against the University of San Francisco in 1956. The team was successful in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s under head coaches Lute Olson. Under Olson, the Hawkeyes won their last Big Ten regular season championship, prior to playing in Carver-Hawkeye Arena, which opened in 1983, the Hawkeyes played in the Iowa Fieldhouse, which is still used today by the schools gymnastics teams. In 2006, the Hawkeyes accumulated a school-record 21 consecutive wins at home before losing to in-state rival Northern Iowa, the roots of Iowa basketball lie in 1902, when Ed Rule coached the Hawkeyes to a 10–2 record in their very first season of basketball. Rule coached the Hawkeyes in four seasons from 1902–1908, leading Iowa to a 37–15 record under his watch. Even today, Rules winning percentage stands as the best among head coaches in Iowa basketball history, following Rules tenure, the Hawkeyes were coached by names such as John Griffith, Walter Stewart, Floyd Thomas, Maury Kent, Edwin Bannick, and James Ashmore. Yet in that stretch of time, the best Iowa had finished in the Big Ten was fifth on three separate occasions, but all that changed when Sam Barry was hired as the Iowas 10th head coach. In Barrys first season,1923, Iowa went 13–2 overall, the winning did not stop there, the Hawkeyes also tied for the Big Ten championship in 1926, along with Indiana, Michigan, and Purdue. Before Barry continued his Hall of Fame career at the USC in 1929, he authored a handbook on the sport, Basketball, Individual Play and Team Play, featuring Iowa players and facilities. Following Barry in the line of Hawkeye coaches was Rollie Williams, although Williams winning percentage stands at 51. 5%, his long tenure at Iowa allowed him to become the winningest coach in Iowa history until Lute Olson and Tom Davis both surpassed him. Perhaps the most interesting event during Williams tenure, however, occurred in 1929, fourteen players, including four on the basketball squad, were declared ineligible as a result of the Big Tens findings. Just as the country emerged from the depression, so did Iowas basketball fortunes, following a rocky 7–10 season in 1943, Pops Harrison led the Hawkeyes to their third overall Big Ten title in 1945. In the following decade, from 1946–1956, the Hawkeyes had but one non-winning season in 1949, Harrisons last full season as head coach. Following short tenures by both Frank Bucky OConnor in 1950 and Rollie Williams in 1951, OConnor once again became Iowas coach, under OConnor, Iowa would see unparalleled success in what some consider the most successful era in Iowa history. In 1953, Iowa finished second in the Big Ten behind the efforts of a starting lineup fully composed of sophomores, as juniors, the Fabulous Five won the Big Ten outright and eventually finished fourth in the nation
6.
Northwestern Wildcats men's basketball
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The Northwestern Wildcats mens basketball team is an NCAA Division I college basketball team representing Northwestern University in the Big Ten Conference coached by Chris Collins. Mens basketball was first introduced at Northwestern in 1901, although Northwestern had great success in the early part of the 20th century, it has spent most of the time since World War II in the bottom half of the Big Ten. On March 1,2017, the Wildcats won their 10th conference game to clinch a record in Big ten play. That season also saw the Wildcats make their first NCAA Tournament in school history, the Wildcats have also appeared in the National Invitation Tournament seven times. Sources, The Wildcats have appeared in the NCAA Tournament once, the Wildcats have appeared in the National Invitation Tournament seven times
7.
University of Chicago
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The University of Chicago is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. It holds top-ten positions in national and international rankings and measures. The university currently enrolls approximately 5,700 students in the College, Chicagos physics department helped develop the worlds first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the viewing stands of universitys Stagg Field. The university is home to the University of Chicago Press. With an estimated date of 2020, the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be housed at the university. Both Harper and future president Robert Maynard Hutchins advocated for Chicagos curriculum to be based upon theoretical and perennial issues rather than on applied sciences, the University of Chicago has many prominent alumni. 92 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with the university as professors, students, faculty, or staff, similarly,34 faculty members and 16 alumni have been awarded the MacArthur “Genius Grant”. Rockefeller on land donated by Marshall Field, while the Rockefeller donation provided money for academic operations and long-term endowment, it was stipulated that such money could not be used for buildings. The original physical campus was financed by donations from wealthy Chicagoans like Silas B, Cobb who provided the funds for the campus first building, Cobb Lecture Hall, and matched Marshall Fields pledge of $100,000. Organized as an independent institution legally, it replaced the first Baptist university of the same name, william Rainey Harper became the modern universitys first president on July 1,1891, and the university opened for classes on October 1,1892. The business school was founded thereafter in 1898, and the law school was founded in 1902, Harper died in 1906, and was replaced by a succession of three presidents whose tenures lasted until 1929. During this period, the Oriental Institute was founded to support, in 1896, the university affiliated with Shimer College in Mount Carroll, Illinois. The agreement provided that either party could terminate the affiliation on proper notice, several University of Chicago professors disliked the program, as it involved uncompensated additional labor on their part, and they believed it cheapened the academic reputation of the university. The program passed into history by 1910, in 1929, the universitys fifth president, Robert Maynard Hutchins, took office, the university underwent many changes during his 24-year tenure. In 1933, Hutchins proposed a plan to merge the University of Chicago. During his term, the University of Chicago Hospitals finished construction, also, the Committee on Social Thought, an institution distinctive of the university, was created. Money that had been raised during the 1920s and financial backing from the Rockefeller Foundation helped the school to survive through the Great Depression, during World War II, the university made important contributions to the Manhattan Project. The university was the site of the first isolation of plutonium and of the creation of the first artificial, in the early 1950s, student applications declined as a result of increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood
8.
College basketball
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The history of basketball is traced back to a YMCA International Training School, known today as Springfield College, located in Springfield, Massachusetts. The date of the first formal basketball game played at the Springfield YMCA Training School under Naismiths rules is generally given as December 21,1891, Basketball began to spread to college campuses by 1893. Governing bodies in Canada include U Sports and the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association, each of these various organizations are subdivided into from one to three divisions based on the number and level of scholarships that may be provided to the athletes. The first basketball games in the United States were played at YMCAs in 1891 and 1892, by 1893, the game was being played on college campuses. The original rules for basketball were very different from todays modern rules of the sport, in the beginning James Naismith established 13 original rules, The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist, a player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, the ball must be held by the hands. The arms or body must not be used for holding it, no shouldering, holding, pushing, striking, or tripping in any way of an opponent is allowed. A foul will be called when a player is seen striking at the ball with the fist, or when violations of rules 3 and 4, if either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there, if the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal. When the ball out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field, the thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent, if any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them. The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and he shall have power to disqualify men according to rule 5. The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to side it belongs. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals, the time shall be two fifteen-minute halves, with five minutes rest between. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner, the following is a list of some of the major NCAA Basketball rule changes with the year they went into effect. The first known college to field a team against an outside opponent was Vanderbilt University
9.
Basketball
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Basketball is a non-contact team sport played on a rectangular court by two teams of five players each. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court. The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, a team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play. A field goal scores three points for the team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line. A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, the team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation. The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate and it is a violation to lift, or drag, ones pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling. The game has many techniques for displaying skill—ball-handling, shooting, passing, dribbling, dunking, shot-blocking. The point guard directs the on court action of the team, implementing the coachs game plan, Basketball is one of the worlds most popular and widely viewed sports. Outside North America, the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the Euroleague, the FIBA Basketball World Cup attracts the top national teams from around the world. Each continent hosts regional competitions for teams, like EuroBasket. The FIBA Womens Basketball World Cup features the top womens basketball teams from continental championships. The main North American league is the WNBA, whereas the EuroLeague Women has been dominated by teams from the Russian Womens Basketball Premier League, in early December 1891, Canadian Dr. He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied, after rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot elevated track. Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball and these laces could cause bounce passes and dribbling to be unpredictable. Eventually a lace-free ball construction method was invented, and this change to the game was endorsed by Naismith, dribbling was not part of the original game except for the bounce pass to teammates. Passing the ball was the means of ball movement. Dribbling was eventually introduced but limited by the shape of early balls. Dribbling only became a part of the game around the 1950s
10.
Harlan Page
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Harlan Orville Pat Page was an American football, basketball, and baseball player and coach. He was one of basketballs first star players in the early 1900s, the 59 Chicago native played guard at the University of Chicago and was known as a defensive specialist. While leading Chicago to three championships, the Helms Athletic Foundation retroactively named him an All-American each time and named National Player of the Year in 1910. Page also played football at Chicago, walter Camp selected him as a second-team All-American at the end in 1908 and a third-team All-American at the same position in 1909. Following his playing days, Page embarked on a coaching career and he served as the head basketball coach at the University of Chicago, Butler University and the College of Idaho, compiling a career college basketball record of 269–140. In 1924, he coached Butler to the AAU title, in addition, Page coached baseball at the University of Chicago from 1913 to 1920 and again in 1931, amassing a record of 63–35. In 1962, he was enshrined in the Basketball Hall of Fame as a player, Harlan Page at the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Harlan Page at the College Football Data Warehouse Harlan Page at College Basketball at Sports-Reference. com
11.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
12.
Edwin Hubble
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Edwin Powell Hubble was an American astronomer. He played a role in establishing the fields of extragalactic astronomy. Hubbles Law implies that the universe is expanding, Hubble also discovered that many objects previously thought to be clouds of dust and gas and classified as nebulae were actually galaxies beyond the Milky Way. A decade before, the American astronomer Vesto Slipher had provided the first evidence that the light from many of these nebulae was strongly red-shifted, indicative of high recession velocities. Hubbles name is most widely recognized for the Hubble Space Telescope which was named in his honor, with a prominently displayed in his hometown of Marshfield. Edwin Hubble was born to Virginia Lee Hubble and John Powell Hubble, an executive, in Marshfield, Missouri. In his younger days, he was noted more for his athletic prowess than his intellectual abilities, Edwin was a gifted athlete playing baseball, football, basketball, and he ran track in both high school and college. He played a variety of positions on the court from center to shooting guard. In fact Hubble even led the University of Chicagos basketball team to their first conference title in 1907 and he won seven first places and a third place in a single high school track and field meet in 1906. His studies at the University of Chicago were concentrated on law, Hubble also became a member of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity. In 1909, Hubbles father moved his family from Chicago to Shelbyville, Kentucky, so that the family could live in a small town, the family moved once more to Everett Avenue, in Louisvilles Highlands neighborhood, to accommodate Edwin and William. After the death of his father in 1913, Edwin returned to the Midwest from Oxford, instead, he proceeded to teach Spanish, physics and mathematics at New Albany High School in New Albany, Indiana, where he also coached the boys basketball team. His dissertation was titled Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae, after the United States declared war on Germany in 1917, Hubble rushed to complete his PhD dissertation so he could join the military. Hubble volunteered for the United States Army and was assigned to the newly created 86th Division and he rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel, and was found fit for overseas duty on July 9,1918, but the 86th Division never saw combat. After the end of World War I, Hubble spent a year in Cambridge, in 1919, Hubble was offered a staff position at the Carnegie Institutions Mount Wilson Observatory, near Pasadena, California, by George Ellery Hale, the founder and director of the observatory. Hubble remained on staff at Mount Wilson until his death in 1953, shortly before his death, Hubble became the first astronomer to use the newly completed giant 200-inch reflector Hale Telescope at the Palomar Observatory near San Diego, California. Hubble also worked as a civilian for U. S, the results of his studies were credited with greatly improving design, performance, and military effectiveness of bombs and rockets. For his work there, he received the Legion of Merit award, although Hubble was raised as a Christian, he later became an agnostic
13.
Marshfield, Missouri
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Marshfield is a city in Webster County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 6,633, as of 2015, Marshfield had a population of 7138. It is the county seat and part of the Springfield, Missouri Metropolitan Area, Marshfield was platted in 1855, taking its name from Marshfield, Massachusetts. A post office called Marshfield has been in operation since 1856, the Hosmer Dairy Farm Historic District and Rainey Funeral Home Building are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Marshfield is located at 37°20′23″N 92°54′26″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.03 square miles, all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 6,633 people,2,605 households, the population density was 1,318.7 inhabitants per square mile. There were 2,918 housing units at a density of 580.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 96. 5% White,0. 4% African American,0. 8% Native American,0. 2% Asian,0. 5% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 7% of the population. 28. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 14. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.04. The median age in the city was 36.4 years. 27. 6% of residents were under the age of 18,8. 5% were between the ages of 18 and 24,24. 3% were from 25 to 44,21. 9% were from 45 to 64, and 17. 7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47. 1% male and 52. 9% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 5,720 people,2,256 households, and 1,534 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,182.7 people per square mile, there were 2,417 housing units at an average density of 499. 8/sq mi. The racial makeup of the city was 97. 80% White,0. 19% African American,0. 42% Native American,0. 30% Asian,0. 12% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 75% of the population. 28. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 16. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.00. In the city, the population was out with 27. 1% under the age of 18,9. 4% from 18 to 24,27. 2% from 25 to 44,18. 2% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 85.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.3 males, as of 2000, the median income for a household was $27,753, and the median income for a family was $36,090
14.
Sunbury, Ohio
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Sunbury is a village in Delaware County, Ohio, United States. The population was 4,389 at the 2010 census, the village is centered on a New England-styled traditional town square with the historic village hall located in the center of a village green. The village is home to a major American Showa manufacturing facility, Sunbury is located at 40°14′34″N 82°51′38″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has an area of 3.30 square miles. Sunbury is located north of Galena, to which it has provided such as police. Law enforcement is provided by the Sunbury Police Department. Sunbury is also east of Delaware, as of the census of 2010, there were 4,389 people,1,671 households, and 1,211 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,338.1 inhabitants per square mile, there were 1,774 housing units at an average density of 540.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 95. 2% White,1. 1% African American,0. 2% Native American,1. 1% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,0. 8% from other races, and 1. 5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 7% of the population,23. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the family size was 3.11. The median age in the village was 33.6 years. 29. 8% of residents were under the age of 18,6. 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24,30. 3% were from 25 to 44,21. 7% were from 45 to 64, and 11. 4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 47. 4% male and 52. 6% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 2,630 people,1,016 households, and 771 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,035.0 people per square mile, there were 1,057 housing units at an average density of 416.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 97. 83% White,0. 38% African American,0. 38% Native American,0. 23% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,0. 23% from other races, and 0. 91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 10% of the population, as of the 2010 census, the population had increased to 4,389. 20. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 2.98
15.
Dana, Illinois
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Dana is a village in LaSalle County, Illinois, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, the village had a population of 159. It is part of the Ottawa-Streator Micropolitan Statistical Area, as well as a part of the region known as Streatorland. The present name is for Thomas Dana, a railroad official, a post office has been in operation at Dana since 1873. Dana is located at 40°57′23″N 88°57′00″W, according to the 2010 census, the village has a total area of 0.22 square miles, all land. It was also the hometown of 1930s actress/model Ione Smith, as of the census of 2000, there were 171 people,58 households, and 44 families residing in the village. The population density was 778.4 people per square mile, there were 65 housing units at an average density of 295.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 99. 42% White and 0. 58% Asian, hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 51% of the population. 19. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 5. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.95 and the average family size was 3.36. In the village, the population was out with 35. 1% under the age of 18,5. 8% from 18 to 24,33. 9% from 25 to 44,15. 2% from 45 to 64. The median age was 31 years, for every 100 females there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.8 males, the median income for a household in the village was $35,000, and the median income for a family was $35,625. Males had an income of $37,708 versus $18,333 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,349, about 23. 9% of families and 26. 7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28. 6% of those under the age of 18 and 29. 0% of those 65 and older
16.
Omaha, Nebraska
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Omaha is the largest city in the state of Nebraska and the county seat of Douglas County. Omaha is located in the Midwestern United States on the Missouri River, Omaha is the anchor of the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area, which includes Council Bluffs, Iowa, across the Missouri River from Omaha. According to the 2010 census, Omahas population was 408,958, according to the 2014 Population Estimates, Omahas population was 446,599. Including its suburbs, Omaha formed the 60th-largest metropolitan area in the United States in 2013, the Omaha-Council Bluffs-Fremont, Nebraska-IA Combined Statistical Area is 931,667, according to the U. S. Census Bureaus 2013 estimate. There are nearly 1.3 million residents within the Greater Omaha area, comprising a 50-mile radius of Downtown Omaha, Omahas pioneer period began in 1854, when the city was founded by speculators from neighboring Council Bluffs, Iowa. The city was founded along the Missouri River, and a crossing called Lone Tree Ferry earned the city its nickname, Omaha introduced this new West to the world in 1898, when it played host to the Worlds Fair, dubbed the Trans-Mississippi Exposition. During the 19th century, Omahas central location in the United States spurred the city to become an important national transportation hub, throughout the rest of the 19th century, the transportation and jobbing sectors were important in the city, along with its railroads and breweries. In the 20th century, the Omaha Stockyards, once the worlds largest, Omaha is also the home to five Fortune 1000 headquarters, Green Plains Renewable Energy, TD Ameritrade, Valmont Industries, Werner Enterprises, and West Corporation. And Leo A Daly, the Gallup Organization, of Gallup Poll fame, Enron began in Omaha as Northern Natural Gas in 1930, before taking over a smaller Houston company in 1985 to form InterNorth, which Kenneth Lay moved permanently to Houston, in 1987. The modern economy of Omaha is diverse and built on skilled knowledge jobs, in 2009, Forbes identified Omaha as the nations number one Best Bang-For-The Buck City and ranked it number one on Americas Fastest-Recovering Cities list. Also, Omaha hosted the U. S. Olympic swim trials in 2008,2012 and 2016, the word Omaha means Dwellers on the bluff. In 1804 the Lewis and Clark Expedition passed by the riverbanks where the city of Omaha would be built, there was fierce competition among fur traders until John Jacob Astor created the monopoly of the American Fur Company. The Mormons built a town called Cutlers Park in the area in 1846, while it was temporary, the settlement provided the basis for further development in the future. Through 26 separate treaties with the United States federal government, Native American tribes in Nebraska gradually ceded the lands comprising the state. The treaty and cession involving the Omaha area occurred in 1854 when the Omaha Tribe ceded most of east-central Nebraska, Logan Fontenelle, an interpreter for the Omaha and signatory to the 1854 treaty, played an essential role in those proceedings. Before it was legal to claim land in Indian Country, William D. Brown was operating the Lone Tree Ferry to bring settlers from Council Bluffs, Brown is generally credited as having the first vision for a city where Omaha now sits. The passage of the Kansas–Nebraska Act in 1854 was presaged by the out of claims around the area to become Omaha by residents from neighboring Council Bluffs. On July 4,1854, the city was established at a picnic on Capital Hill
17.
Holden, Missouri
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Holden is a village in Johnson County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,252 at the 2010 census, Holden was laid out in 1857. It was named for Major Nathaniel Holden, a politician who was instrumental in bringing the railroad to the area. Anti-saloon advocate Carrie Nation lived in Holden in the 1870s, where she worked as a teacher, Holden is located at 38°43′N 93°59′W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 2.42 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 2,252 people,901 households, the population density was 934.4 inhabitants per square mile. There were 1,060 housing units at a density of 439.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 6% White,1. 4% African American,0. 5% Native American,0. 1% Asian,0. 4% Pacific Islander,0. 8% from other races, and 2. 3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 5% of the population,29. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the family size was 2.98. The median age in the city was 37.7 years. 24. 8% of residents were under the age of 18,8. 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24,24. 8% were from 25 to 44,27. 2% were from 45 to 64, and 14. 3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47. 7% male and 52. 3% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 2,510 people,990 households, and 656 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,040.8 people per square mile, there were 1,089 housing units at an average density of 451.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 50% White,1. 91% African American,1. 08% Native American,0. 12% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,0. 16% from other races, and 2. 19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 08% of the population,29. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the family size was 3.11. In the city the population was out with 30. 0% under the age of 18,11. 0% from 18 to 24,28. 0% from 25 to 44,17. 3% from 45 to 64
18.
Morris, Illinois
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The city of Morris is the county seat of Grundy County, Illinois, United States. The population was 13,636 at the 2010 census, making it the largest community in Grundy County, also nearby is the Morris Operation—the only de facto high-level radioactive waste storage site in the United States. Morris is the Grundy County seat and has a large hospital and it is home to the Morris Community High School Redskins, who have won 3 state championships in football. Morris Community High School is known to be located on an abandoned mining network that stems for approximately five miles, Morris is located at 41°22′31″N 88°25′41″W, at an elevation of 525 feet. According to the 2010 census, Morris has an area of 9.804 square miles. The annual precipitation for Morris is about 40 inches, the record high for Morris is 109 °F on July 14,1936. The record low for Morris is -26 °F in December 1924, Morris was the first town hit by the Super Outbreak of April 3–4,1974. However, the damage within the city was relatively minor, the city can receive heavy snowfall and experience blizzards periodically. As of the census of 2000, there were 11,928 people,4,831 households, the population density was 1,734.0 people per square mile. There were 5,084 housing units at a density of 739.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 86. 7% White,4. 3% African American,0. 3% Native American,1. 4% Asian,0. 0% Pacific Islander,6. 7% from other races, and 2. 9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15. 5% of the population,31. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the family size was 3.03. In the city, the population was out with 25. 0% under the age of 18,8. 7% from 18 to 24,29. 6% from 25 to 44,20. 4% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males, the median income for a household in the city was $62,563 and the median income for a family was $54,987. Males had an income of $44,071 versus $25,206 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,256, about 5. 0% of families and 6. 6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7. 2% of those under age 18 and 6. 7% of those age 65 or over
19.
Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball
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The Indiana Hoosiers mens basketball team is the intercollegiate mens basketball program representing Indiana University. The school competes in the Big Ten Conference in NCAA Division I, the Hoosiers play on Branch McCracken Court at Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall in Bloomington, Indiana on the Indiana University Bloomington campus. Indiana has won five NCAA Championships in mens basketball — the first two under coach Branch McCracken and the three under Bob Knight. The Hoosiers five NCAA Championships are tied for fourth in history with Duke, trailing only UCLA, Kentucky, Indianas 1976 squad remains the last undefeated NCAA mens basketball champion. The Hoosiers are seventh in NCAA Tournament appearances, seventh in NCAA Tournament victories, ninth in Final Four appearances, the Hoosiers have won 22 Big Ten Conference Championships and have the best winning percentage in conference games at nearly 60 percent. No team has had more All-Big Ten selections than the Hoosiers with 53, the Hoosiers also rank seventh in all-time AP poll appearances and sixth in the number of weeks spent ranked No.1. Every four-year mens basketball letterman since 1973 has earned a trip to the NCAA basketball tournament, additionally, every four-year player since 1950 has played on a nationally ranked squad at Indiana. The Hoosiers are among the most storied programs in the history of college basketball, a 2012 study listed Indiana as the third most valuable collegiate basketball program in the country. Indiana has ranked in the top 15 nationally in basketball attendance every season since Assembly Hall opened in 1972. Indiana has three main rivalries including in-state, against the Purdue Boilermakers, and out-of-state, against the Kentucky Wildcats, Indiana players wear warm-up pants that are striped red and white, like the stripes of a candy cane. They were first worn by the team in the 1970s under head coach Bob Knight, at the time they were in keeping with the fashion trends of the 1970s, but despite changing styles they have since become an iconic part of playing for Indiana. IU star guard Steve Alford said, As you watch television and you watch the IU games, so when you finally got to put those on, those are pretty special. Rusty Stillions, Director of Indianas Equipment Operations, said the pants were originally only for team members. However, changes in licensing agreements permitted the public to buy them as well. They have since become a staple at games and other Indiana basketball events, beginning in 2014, during Hoosier Hysteria, former IU basketball players have presented to the new players their first pair of candy striped pants. This practice symbolizes a passing-of-the-torch and carrying on the rich tradition, the team is widely noted for their simple game jerseys. Unlike most schools, Indiana doesnt have players names on the back of jerseys that players wear on the court, the notion behind the nameless jerseys is that players play for the team name on the front, not the individuals name on the back. In keeping with Indianas longstanding principle of putting team over player, adidas is the current outfitter of Indiana athletics
20.
Patten Gymnasium
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Patten Gymnasium is the name of two multi-purpose gymnasiums in Evanston, Illinois, United States, on the campus of Northwestern University. The current Patten Gymnasium opened in 1940 and hosted the basketball team for 12 years before Welsh-Ryan Arena opened in 1952. The ivy-lined building has the doors and statues from the old gym and it currently is the home to the womens fencing team intramural sports program and also has offices and locker rooms for the womens lacrosse, field hockey, and mens and womens soccer teams. It is named for James A. Patten, former Evanston mayor, philanthropist, commodities broker, in 1999, the swimming pool area, which had been unused since 1987, was renovated and transformed into the Gleacher Golf Center. At the time that it opened, the Gleacher Center was the facility of its kind in collegiate golf, featuring a 2. The original Patten Gymnasium, which had seating for 1,000 people, hosted the first NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Championship game in 1939
21.
Evanston, Illinois
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It is one of the North Shore communities that adjoin Lake Michigan and is the home of Northwestern University. The boundaries of the city of Evanston are coterminous with those of the former Evanston Township, prior to the 1830s, the area now occupied by Evanston was mainly uninhabited, consisting largely of wetlands and swampy forest. However, Potawatomi Indians used trails along higher lying ridges that ran in a general direction through the area. French explorers referred to the area as Grosse Pointe after a point of land jutting into Lake Michigan about 13 miles north of the mouth of the Chicago River. The area remained sparsely settled, supporting some farming and lumber activity on some of the higher ground. The 1850 census shows a few hundred settlers in this township, in 1851, a group of Methodist business leaders founded Northwestern University and Garrett Biblical Institute. They chose a bluffed and wooded site along the lake as Northwesterns home, purchasing several hundred acres of land from Dr. John Foster, a Chicago farm owner. In 1854, the founders of Northwestern submitted to the county judge their plans for a city to be named Evanston after John Evans, in 1857, the request was granted. The township of Evanston was split off from Ridgeville Township, at approximately the same time, the nine founders, including John Evans, Orrington Lunt, and Andrew Brown, hoped their university would attain high standards of intellectual excellence. Today these hopes have been fulfilled, as Northwestern consistently ranks with the best of the nations universities, Evanston was formally incorporated as a town on December 29,1863, but declined in 1869 to become a city despite the Illinois legislature passing a bill for that purpose. Evanston expanded after the Civil War with the annexation of the village of North Evanston, finally, in early 1892, following the annexation of the village of South Evanston, voters elected to organize as a city. The 1892 boundaries are largely those that exist today, during the 1960s, Northwestern University changed the citys shoreline by adding a 74-acre lakefill. In 1939, Evanston hosted the first NCAA basketball championship final at Northwestern Universitys Patten Gymnasium, in August 1954, Evanston hosted the second assembly of the World Council of Churches, still the only WCC assembly to have been held in the United States. President Dwight Eisenhower welcomed the delegates, and Dag Hammarskjöld, secretary-general of the United Nations, Evanston first received power in April 1893. Many people lined the streets on Emerson St. where the first appearance of lights were lined and turned on. Evanston is the birthplace of Tinkertoys, and Evanston, along with Ithaca, New York, Two Rivers, Wisconsin, Evanston was the home of the Clayton Mark and Company, which for many years supplied the most jobs. Evanston was a dry community from 1858 until 1972, when the City Council voted to allow restaurants, in 1984, the Council voted to allow retail liquor outlets within the city limits. According to the 2010 census, Evanston has an area of 7.802 square miles
22.
Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball
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The Wisconsin Badgers mens basketball team is a NCAA Division I college basketball team competing in the Big Ten Conference. The Badgers home games are played at the Kohl Center, located on the University of Wisconsin–Madison campus in Madison, Wisconsin Badger basketball began in December,1898 with the formation of its first team coached by Dr. James C. The Badgers played their first game on January 21,1899, losing to the Milwaukee Normal Alumni 25–15 in Milwaukee, in 1905, Christian Steinmetz became the first Wisconsin Badger basketball player to be named All-American. In the 1906–07 season, Wisconsin won its first share of the Big Ten Championship and they won it again the next year in 1908. Walter Meanwell began coaching the Badgers in 1911, in his first season, he led Wisconsin to an undefeated season, and then led them to another 15–0 season in 1913–14. Meanwells teams would win eight Big Ten Championships during his tenure, in 1912,1913,1914,1916,1921,1923,1924, and 1929. Between the 1917–18 and 1919–20 seasons, Guy Lowman coached the Badgers, Meanwell would also coach two All-Americans during his Wisconsin career, George Levis in 1916 and Harold Bud Foster in 1930. On December 18,1930, the first game was played in the new Wisconsin Field House, starting with the 1934–35 season, former UW basketball player Bud Foster began coaching the Wisconsin Badgers. In his first season as coach, he led the Badgers to their 12th Big Ten Conference Championship in 28 years. In 1941, Foster led the Badgers to their only NCAA Championship in history, with the help of tournament MOP John Kotz and All-American Gene Englund, the Badgers beat Washington State 39–34 in the final game of the NCAA Tournament. It was their first ever invitation to the NCAA Tournament, after winning the Big Ten Championship in that year, Foster coached three All-Americans during his tenure – Gene Englund in 1941, John Kotz in 1942 and Don Rehfeldt in 1950. The Badgers won one more Big Ten championship in 1947 and attended their second NCAA Tournament and it would be their last postseason appearance of any sort for 42 years, and their last NCAA appearance for 47 years. The mediocre records of the last decade of Fosters tenure would remain largely the norm for the Badgers for the four decades. From 1954 to 1995, the Badgers would only have eight winning seasons and they also only notched two winning records in Big Ten play, and only finished as high as fourth four times. In 1994, the Badgers returned to the NCAA tournament for the first time since 1947, the revival of Wisconsin basketball began in 1995, when Dick Bennett took over after leading Wisconsin-Green Bay to mid-major prominence. In 1997, he led the Badgers to their first winning Big Ten record in 23 years, in 2000, the Badgers entered the NCAA tournament seeded #8 in the West bracket. Beyond most expectations, they defeated #9 Fresno St, #1 Arizona, #4 LSU, however, the Badgers then lost to #1 and eventual national champion Michigan State, 53–41. After three games into the 2000–01 season, Bennett abruptly retired due to burnout and his final game was a 78–75 win over eventual Final Four participant Maryland
23.
Kenney Gym and Kenney Gym Annex
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The Kenney Gym and the Kenney Gym Annex are two buildings located at 1402-06 Springfield Avenue in Urbana, Illinois, on the campus on the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Although the two buildings have been connected since 1914, they were built separately. They were jointly added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 under the name Military Drill Hall and Mens Gymnasium. The one-story building now known as the Kenney Gym Annex, the easternmost of the two structures, was built in 1889-90 as the Military Drill Hall and was designed by Nathan Clifford Ricker. The interior was converted for use as a gymnasium in 1914, the conversion preserved the buildings large column-free open space, which had been a necessity for military drilling. An eastern addition was made to the building in 1918 and it was originally called the Mens Gymnasium but was renamed the Mens Old Gym when Huff Hall opened in 1925. Finally in 1974, it was named after Harold Eugene Hek Kenney, a former UIUC wrestler, coach, Kenney Gym Annex is a 5, 000-seat multi-purpose arena which is the practice facility for the Fighting Illini gymnastics team. Prior to the opening of Huff Hall in 1925, Kenney Gym housed the Illinois Fighting Illini mens basketball team and it also was home to the Womens Volleyball program from 1974 until 1989, after which the program moved to Huff Hall in 1990. From 1919 to 1925, Kenney Gym played host to the finals of the Illinois High School Association boys basketball tournament. Notes UIUC Dept of Campus Recreation Kenney Gym National Register nomination
24.
Urbana, Illinois
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Urbana /ɜːrˈbænə/ is a city in and the county seat of Champaign County, Illinois, United States. The population was 41,250 at the 2010 census, Urbana is the tenth-most populous city in Illinois outside of the Chicago metropolitan area. Most of the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is located in Urbana, the Urbana area was first settled in 1822, when it was called Big Grove. The creation of the new town was celebrated for the first time in July 4,1833, the first mills were founded c. 1838-50, and stores began opening beginning in 1834. The towns first church was built c.1840, with the Baptist Church following in 1855, the Presbyterian Church was founded in 1856. The citys first school was built in 1854, Urbana suffered a setback when the Chicago branch of the Illinois Central Railroad, which had been expected to pass through town, was instead laid down two miles west, where the land was flatter. The town of West Urbana grew up around the depot built there in 1854. Champaign-Urbana was selected as the site for a new agricultural school. Illinois Industrial University, which would evolve into the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, a number of efforts to merge Urbana and Champaign have failed at the polls. On October 9,1871 a fire burned much of downtown Urbana, children playing with matches started the fire. Downtown Urbana is located southwest of the intersection of its two busiest streets, U. S.150 and U. S.45, most of Urbana lies south of I-74. There are three exits, Lincoln, Cunningham and University, the Lincoln exit is closest to the University of Illinois, while the Cunningham exit goes to downtown Urbana. The University exit goes to downtown Urbana as well as Illinois Route 130 to Philo, the Norfolk Southern operates an east to west line through Urbana. The NS line connects industries in eastern Urbana to the Norfolk Southern main line at Mansfield, Illinois, construction of the line was begun by the Danville, Urbana, Bloomington and Pekin Railroad. This short-lived entity became part of the Indianapolis, Bloomington and Western Railway before the railroad was completed, as of the census of 2000, there were 36,395 people,14,327 households, and 6,217 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,468.3 people per square mile, there were 15,311 housing units at an average density of 1,459. 1/sq mi. The racial makeup of the city was 67. 01% White,14. 34% African American,0. 18% Native American,14. 24% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,1. 76% from other races, and 2. 45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 54% of the population,36. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
25.
University of Minnesota Armory
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The University of Minnesota Armory is a building on the University of Minnesota campus in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Armory was constructed in 1896 after the space for military training on the campus burnt in a fire in 1894. The facility served as the home for the Minnesota Golden Gophers mens basketball team as well as the University of Minnesota Marching Band after its construction. The basketball team moved to the Kenwood Armory in Downtown Minneapolis in 1925 while the band moved to the newly completed Music Education Building in 1922. Fielding H. Yost, Michigan Wolverines football coach, forgot the Little Brown Jug, one of the oldest college football traveling trophies, the Armory was also the facility used for the University of Minnesota physical education department until 1935. The schools football team played some of their games on the open field next to the Armory. It is a property in the University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District
26.
Minneapolis
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Minneapolis is the county seat of Hennepin County, and the larger of the Twin Cities, the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States. As of 2015, Minneapolis is the largest city in the state of Minnesota, Minneapolis and Saint Paul anchor the second-largest economic center in the Midwest, after Chicago. Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul. It was once the worlds flour milling capital and a hub for timber, the city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle, with Minneapolis proper containing Americas fifth-highest concentration of Fortune 500 companies. As an integral link to the economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city. Noted for its music and performing arts scenes, Minneapolis is home to both the award-winning Guthrie Theater and the historic First Avenue nightclub. The name Minneapolis is attributed to Charles Hoag, the citys first schoolteacher, who combined mni, a Dakota Sioux word for water, and polis, Dakota Sioux had long been the regions sole residents when French explorers arrived around 1680. For a time relations were based on fur trading, gradually more European-American settlers arrived, competing for game and other resources with the Dakota. In the early 19th century, the United States acquired this territory from France, fort Snelling was built in 1819 by the United States Army, and it attracted traders, settlers and merchants, spurring growth in the area. The United States government pressed the Mdewakanton band of the Dakota to sell their land, the Minnesota Territorial Legislature authorized present-day Minneapolis as a town in 1856 on the Mississippis west bank. Minneapolis incorporated as a city in 1867, the rail service began between Minneapolis and Chicago. It later joined with the city of St. Anthony in 1872. Minneapolis developed around Saint Anthony Falls, the highest waterfall on the Mississippi River, forests in northern Minnesota were a valuable resource for the lumber industry, which operated seventeen sawmills on power from the waterfall. By 1871, the west river bank had twenty-three businesses, including mills, woolen mills, iron works, a railroad machine shop, and mills for cotton, paper, sashes. Due to the hazards of milling, six local sources of artificial limbs were competing in the prosthetics business by the 1890s. The farmers of the Great Plains grew grain that was shipped by rail to the citys thirty-four flour mills, a father of modern milling in America and founder of what became General Mills, Cadwallader C. Some ideas were developed by William Dixon Gray and some acquired through industrial espionage from the Hungarians by William de la Barre, pillsbury Company across the river were barely a step behind, hiring Washburn employees to immediately use the new methods. The hard red spring wheat that grows in Minnesota became valuable, not until later did consumers discover the value in the bran that Minneapolis
27.
West Lafayette, Indiana
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West Lafayette is directly across the Wabash River from its sister city, Lafayette. As of the 2010 census, its population was 29,796 and it is the most densely populated city in Indiana and is home to Purdue University. Augustus Wylie laid out a town in 1836 in the Wabash River floodplain south of the present Levee, due to regular flooding of the site, Wylies town was never built. The present city was formed in 1888 by the merger of the adjacent suburban towns of Chauncey, Oakwood, the three towns had been small suburban villages which were directly adjacent to one another. Kingston was laid out in 1855 by Jesse B, Chauncey was platted in 1860 by the Chauncey family of Philadelphia, wealthy land speculators. Chauncey and Kingston formed a government in 1866 which selected the name Chauncey. The new town of Chauncey remained a suburban village until Purdue University opened in 1869. In 1871 Chauncey voted to be annexed by Lafayette because it was unable to provide the infrastructure, Lafayette voted against annexing Chauncey because of the high cost of the many improvements that the village lacked. In May 1888, the town of Chauncey voted to change its name to West Lafayette after a petition signed by 152 electors, by that time, the growth of the university was fueling the growth of the little town. The address of Purdue University was given as Lafayette, Indiana until well into the twentieth century, West Lafayette never gained a railroad depot and lagged several years behind Lafayette in the establishment of municipal infrastructure and services. Today, West Lafayette has established itself as a city, with independent services and unique neighborhoods distinct from those of its sister city. This expansion also included a section of the US Highway 231 corridor that was previously part of unincorporated Tippecanoe County. The city of West Lafayette has its share of non-profits. West Lafayette lies in central Tippecanoe County and overlooks the Wabash River, most of the city lies in eastern Wabash Township, though a small portion on the northeast side extends into Tippecanoe Township. Elevations range from slightly over 500 feet near the river to more than 720 feet in parts of the city near U. S. Route 52. According to the 2010 census, West Lafayette has an area of 7.63 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 29,796 people,11,945 households, the population density was 3,884.0 inhabitants per square mile. There were 12,591 housing units at a density of 1,652.4 per square mile
28.
Bloomington, Indiana
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Bloomington is a city in and the county seat of Monroe County in the southern region of the U. S. state of Indiana. It is the seventh-largest city in Indiana and the fourth-largest outside the Indianapolis metropolitan area, according to the Monroe County History Center, Bloomington is known as the Gateway to Scenic Southern Indiana. The city was established in 1818 by a group of settlers from Kentucky, Tennessee, the population was 80,405 at the 2010 census. The citys population was estimated at 84,067 as of July 2016 by the U. S. Census Bureau, Bloomington is the home to Indiana University Bloomington. Established in 1820, IU Bloomington has 42,630 students, as of September 2014, most of the campus buildings are built of Indiana limestone. Bloomington has been designated a Tree City for 32 years, as of 2015, the city was also the location of the Academy Award-winning 1979 movie Breaking Away, featuring a reenactment of Indiana Universitys annual Little 500 bicycle race. Monroe Countys famous limestone quarries are also featured in the movie, a post office has been in operation at Bloomington since 1825. According to the 2010 census, Bloomington has an area of 23.359 square miles. Bloomington is the sixth largest city in Indiana, based on population, Southern Indiana receives an abundance of rain, with a yearly average of nearly 45 inches. Bloomington is an area of irregular limestone terrain characterized by sinks, ravines, fissures, underground streams, sinking streams, springs and it is situated in the rolling hills of southern Indiana, resting on the intersection of the Norman Uplands and the Mitchell Plain. The relatively varied topography of the city provides a sharp contrast to the terrain more typical of central to northern portions of Indiana. Bloomington is located on a high ground, the summit of the divide between the basins of the West Fork and East Fork of Indianas White River. Accordingly, there are no major watercourses within the city, nor is much groundwater available for wells, the largest stream within the city itself is Clear Creek, with its eastern branch known on the Indiana University campus as Jordan River. Early 20th century damming projects occurred at a number of locations southwest of the city, unfortunately, due to the limestone formations underlying the reservoirs and the dams, water kept seeping from the reservoirs through naturally developing underground channels. Despite all efforts, the city was never able to stop the leakage. By the 1920s, a radical solution was needed to deal with the water crisis. A new reservoir, known as Griffy Lake, was constructed in a more geologically suitable area north of the city, later, in the 1950s, two much larger reservoirs, Lake Lemon and Lake Monroe were created in the northeastern and southeastern parts of Monroe County. Monroe Lake was created by the US Army Corps of Engineers for flood control, but has since used to supply the city
29.
University of Wisconsin Armory and Gymnasium
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The University of Wisconsin Armory and Gymnasium, also called the Red Gym, is a building on the campus of University of Wisconsin-Madison. It was originally used as a gymnasium and armory beginning in 1894. Designed in the Romanesque revival style, it resembles a red brick castle and it is situated on the shores of Lake Mendota, overlooking Library Mall, and adjacent to Memorial Union. Around the time of the construction of the building, anti-capitalist civil insurrections had occurred in a number of cities in the United States, leaders in many cities saw the need for local armories to be prepared for worker strikes and uprisings. Thus, when funding the building, the Wisconsin legislature clearly saw its use by local militia, the architects, Conover and Porter, designed it with a dual purpose in mind, armory and gymnasium. Modifications were made to the plans when a new university president, Charles Adams, construction began in fall,1892 and was completed in September,1894. As originally constructed, the first floor of the Red Gym held military offices, a drill room, bowling alleys, a locker room. The second floor contained a drill hall wide enough to permit a four-column battalion, the third floor was occupied by the gymnasium, which contained a baseball cage, gymnastic apparatus, and rowing machines. Two rifle ranges and a track were on a level a few steps lower than the gym. The anti-military sentiment in Wisconsin that occurred after World War I resulted in the elimination of military training. The Red Gym was also no longer used for Big Ten basketball games following the construction of the university field house in 1930, in the 1930s and 1940s, much of the first and second floors was partitioned into offices. With diminishing use of the building after World War II, plans were made to demolish it, when a new gym was constructed on the west end of campus in 1963, the building was again slated for demolition, and again received a reprieve. In the 1960s it once again saw military use as ROTC headquarters, a firebomb aimed at the building by anti-war protesters in 1970 resulted in severe damage, which was repaired. Since then, the building has various administrative uses, it currently houses student services-related offices. The University of Wisconsin Armory and Gymnasium was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1993
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Madison, Wisconsin
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Madison is the capital of the U. S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Dane County. As of July 1,2015, Madisons estimated population of 248,951 made it the second largest city in Wisconsin, after Milwaukee, and the 84th largest in the United States. The city forms the core of the United States Census Bureaus Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Dane County and neighboring Iowa, Green, the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Areas 2010 population was 568,593. When the Wisconsin Territory was created in 1836 the territorial legislature convened in Belmont, One of the legislatures tasks was to select a permanent location for the territorys capital. Doty lobbied aggressively for Madison as the new capital, offering buffalo robes to the freezing legislators and he had James Slaughter plat two cities in the area, Madison and The City of Four Lakes, near present-day Middleton. Doty named the city Madison for James Madison, the fourth President of the U. S. who had died on June 28,1836 and he named the streets for the other 39 signers of the U. S. Constitution. Being named for the founding father James Madison, who had just died. The cornerstone for the Wisconsin capitol was laid in 1837, on October 9,1839, Kintzing Prichett registered the plat of Madison at the registrars office of the then-territorial Dane County. Madison was incorporated as a village in 1846, with a population of 626, when Wisconsin became a state in 1848, Madison remained the capital, and the following year it became the site of the University of Wisconsin. The Milwaukee & Mississippi Railroad connected to Madison in 1854, Madison incorporated as a city in 1856, with a population of 6,863, leaving the unincorporated remainder as a separate Town of Madison. The original capitol was replaced in 1863 and the capitol burned in 1904. The current capitol was built between 1906 and 1917, during the Civil War, Madison served as a center of the Union Army in Wisconsin. Camp Randall, on the west side of Madison, was built and used as a camp, a military hospital. After the war ended, the Camp Randall site was absorbed into the University of Wisconsin, in 2004 the last vestige of active military training on the site was removed when the stadium renovation replaced a firing range used for ROTC training. The City of Madison continued annexations from the Town of Madison almost from the date of the citys incorporation, Madison is located in the center of Dane County in south-central Wisconsin,77 miles west of Milwaukee and 122 miles northwest of Chicago. The city completely surrounds the smaller Town of Madison, the City of Monona, Madison shares borders with its largest suburb, Sun Prairie, and three other suburbs, Middleton, McFarland and Fitchburg. The citys boundaries also approach the city of Verona, and the villages of Cottage Grove, DeForest, and Waunakee. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 94.03 square miles
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Central Time Zone
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The North American Central Time Zone is a time zone in parts of Canada, the United States, Mexico, Central America, some Caribbean Islands, and part of the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Central Standard Time is six hours behind Coordinated Universal Time, during summer most of the zone uses daylight saving time, and changes to Central Daylight Time which is five hours behind UTC. The province of Manitoba is the province or territory in Canada that observes Central Time in all areas. Also, most of the province of Saskatchewan is on Central Standard Time year-round, major exceptions include Lloydminster, a city situated on the boundary between Alberta and Saskatchewan. The city charter stipulates that it shall observe Mountain Time and DST, putting the community on the time as all of Alberta, including the major cities of Calgary. As a result, during the summer, clocks in the province match those in Alberta. The Central Time Zone is the second most populous in the US after the Eastern Time Zone, lanett and Valley observe Eastern Time historically because they were textile mill towns and the original home office of their mills was in West Point, Georgia. Some eastern counties observe Central Time because they are close to the border of the Middle Tennessee counties surrounding the Nashville metropolitan area. Louisiana Michigan, All of Michigan observes Eastern Time except the four Upper Peninsula counties that border Wisconsin, other westernmost counties from this area such as Ontonagon observe Eastern Time. South Dakota, Eastern half as divided by the Missouri river adjacent to the state capital, note, the metropolitan area of Pierre is Central, including Fort Pierre. Wisconsin Most of Mexico—roughly the eastern three-fourths—lies in the Central Time Zone, except for six northwestern states, the federal entities of Mexico that observe Central Time, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua all use Central Standard Time year-round. The Galápagos Islands in Ecuador uses Central Standard Time all year-round, Daylight saving time is in effect in much of the Central time zone between mid-March and early November. The modified time is called Central Daylight Time and is UTC−5, in Canada, Saskatchewan does not observe a time change. One reason that Saskatchewan does not take part in a change is that, geographically. The province elected to move onto permanent daylight saving by being part of the Central Time Zone, Mexico decided not to go along with this change and observes their horario de verano from the first Sunday in April to the last Sunday in October. In December 2009, the Mexican Congress allowed ten border cities, eight of which are in states that observe Central Time, to adopt the U. S. daylight time schedule effective in 2010
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Henry Crown Fieldhouse
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Henry Crown Field House is an athletic facility on the campus of the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois. Construction of the building took place in 1931 on land owned by the university, the cost of construction, however, was covered by Material Service Corporation CEO and philanthropist, Henry Crown. A track encircled the infield and a wood floor that was used for basketball. In 2003, the moved into the newly built Gerald Ratner Athletics Center. Upon its completion, the house was located just north of the original Stagg Field, at University Avenue. The building measured 368 feet long and 165 feet wide, the interior was a single great arena with no obstructions. The height from the floor to the centerline of the trusses was fifty feet. There was a 220 yard track with a 100-yard straightaway surrounding a wooden basketball floor measuring 110 feet by 62 feet. Removable bleachers gave a capacity of 3,500. There are locker rooms in the basement which provide accommodations for 500 athletes, the building utilized a Gothic design, with an exterior of Indiana limestone harmonizing with the other University buildings. Historic images of the Henry Crown Field House Current images of the Henry Crown Field House University of Chicago, Henry Crown Field House Information Official website
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Gerald Ratner Athletics Center
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The building was named after University of Chicago alumnus, Gerald Ratner. The architect of this structure that is supported by masts, cables and counterweights was César Pelli. The Ratner Athletics Center was approved for use in September 2003, Cesar Pelli & Associates Inc. was credited as the design architect and OWP/P was the architect of record. A ceremonial groundbreaking was held for the Ratner Center on October 28,2000, the Ratner Center opened to the public on September 29,2003, although it was not officially dedicated until homecoming weekend on October 11. The building, which represented a collaboration between Cesar Pelli & Associates and Chicagos OWP/P, was the first new facility on the University of Chicago campus in 68 years. It was a part of a $500 million University-wide capital improvement plan that occurred between 1999 and 2005, part of the plan included the Pelli-designed parking structure across the street from the Athletics Center. The parking structure is named the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center Parking Structure, the athletic center is known for its innovative asymmetrically supported cable-stayed structural system and S-shaped roofs. Ratner, Ph. B. ’35, J. D. ’37 and he was a Phi Beta Kappa graduate and played for the baseball team during the time that the University participated in the Big Ten Conference. After graduating with a law degree, Order of the Coif, helen Myers McLoraine, also an alumnus from the 1930s, contributed in excess of $5 million to fund the swimming pool. DelGiorno worked in industrial relations and personnel at a steel plant before becoming a stockbroker for Paine Webber, the building features the 50-metre x 25-yard Myers-McLoraine Swimming Pool, which can be configured with up to 20 lanes in the 25-yard dimension and nine lanes in the 50-meter dimension. The pools configuration is flexible with a moveable bulkhead which allows for simultaneous activities and it also has a pair of one-meter diving boards. The pool depth ranges from 4 to 13.5 feet in the shallow end, the 24, 700-square-foot competition natatorium features seating for 350 spectators. The building also includes the Bernard DelGiorno fitness center, the DelGiorno Fitness Center facility occupies two levels of the Ratner center plus the rotunda area. The building also features a gym and auxiliary gym, both of which are available to recreational users. The competition gym, which is the southernmost building, accommodates practice and game site for varsity basketball, volleyball, and wrestling, the auxiliary gym is multipurpose and can accommodate indoor soccer, as well as basketball, volleyball, and badminton. The Ratner Center also serves as the home of the University of Chicago basketball, volleyball, the building also hosted the 2009 University Athletic Association Womens Volleyball Championship. The Myers-McLoraine Swimming Pool was the site of the 2005 University Athletic Association Swimming and Diving Championship and it also hosted swimming at the 2006 Gay Games. The center is available to University and hospital faculty, staff, alumni, as of 2010, the University of Chicago is one of the few remaining universities in the United States to have a swimming requirement for its undergraduate degree program
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Chicago Maroons
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The Maroons are the intercollegiate sports teams of the University of Chicago. They are named after the color maroon, team colors are maroon and gray, and the Phoenix is their mascot. They now compete in the NCAAs Division III, mostly as members of the University Athletic Association, the University of Chicago helped found the Big Ten Conference in 1895, although it dropped football in 1939, its other teams remained members until 1946. Football returned as a sport in 1963, varsity sport in 1969. The school was part of the Midwest Collegiate Athletic Conference from 1976 to 1987, Stagg Field is the home stadium for the re-instated football team. The league initially consisted of Chicago, Purdue, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, jay Berwanger was awarded the first Heisman trophy in 1935. Hall of Fame coach Amos Alonzo Stagg coached the team from 1892-1932, the basketball team from 1920-1921. He encouraged players to adopt vegetarianism, believing it supported both athleticism and a gentle and gentlemanly sportsmanship, the football team was dropped following the 1939 season. ”On March 7,1946 the University of Chicago withdrew from the Big Ten Conference. On May 31,1946 the resignation was accepted by the Big Ten Conference. Gordon Erickson wrote the lyrics in 1929, the tune was adapted from Miami Universitys Marching Song written in 1908 by Raymond H. Burke, a University of Chicago graduate who joined Miamis faculty in 1906. The song is sung by the players at midfield after all home victories. The University of Chicago Band Official website
