1.
Karlsruher FV
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Karlsruher FV is a German association football club that plays in Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg. Established on 17 November 1891, KFV was a member of the German Football Association in 1900. The team went on to capture the championship in 1910 with a 1–0 victory over Holstein Kiel. Folding in 2004, the club reformed in 2007, KFV co-founder Walther Bensemann established Internationalen FC Karlsruhe, the first football team in south Germany, in 1889. This club became part of KFV in 1894 and he also had a hand in founding the Frankfurter Kickers a predecessor side to Eintracht Frankfurt. As well, Bensemann established kicker, Germanys first football magazine, KFV was one of Germanys most successful sides in the years before the First World War. The club captured the South German title eight times from 1901 to 1912, leading to national final appearances in 1905,1910, KFVs championship was earned under the direction of English coach William Townley, a prominent figure in the early history of the game in Germany. KFV figures in the story of Germanys first national championship in 1903 which was won by VfB Leipzig in a 7,2 victory over DFC Prague. Prag was awarded a win by forfeit when their opponents failed to show and it has never been discovered who sent the telegram and people from Karlsruhe still search to this day to find who was responsible. Denied a place in the final, Karlsruhe did manage to arrange to challenge Leipzig the following year in a match representing the contest that might have been. KFV also played a key role in the national final of 1904. Beaten 1,6 by Britannia Berlin in a match played in Berlin. Ultimately, the DFB cancelled the final and the Viktoria trophy was not awarded that year, from 1908, the club played in the new Südkreis-Liga, which it won in 1910,1911 and 1912. In 1909, Phönix Karlsruhe, known today as Karlsruher SC, KFVs win the following year makes Karlsruhe one of only three cities in Germany that have been home to two or more national football champions. The others are Munich and Berlin, while playing for the national team in 1912, KFVs Gottfried Fuchs scored 10 goals in a contest against Russia to set a German international match record that still stands. KFV made its re-appearance after the First World War, first in the Kreisliga Südwest and then in the Bezirksliga Württemberg-Baden, Gruppe Baden with the capture of the league championship in 1926. While they went on to dominate their division, the team was not able to make its way out of the South German league playoffs and back onto the national stage. From 1925 to 1931 Jimmy Lawrence, the record holding former Newcastle United goal keeper, in 1933, Karlsruher FV took up play in the Gauliga Baden, one of the sixteen first division leagues established in the re-organization of German football under the Third Reich
2.
Holstein Kiel
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Holstein Kiel is a German association football and sports club based in the city of Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein. Through the 1910s and 1920s the club was a dominant side in northern Germany winning six regional titles, Holstein also made regular appearances in the national playoffs, finishing as vice-champions in 1910 before capturing their only German title in 1912. They remained a first division side until the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963, Holstein Kiel is the product of the merger of predecessor sides Kieler Fußball-Verein von 1900 and Kieler Fußball-Club Holstein. The earliest of two sides was Kieler Fussball-Verein established on 7 October 1900 out of the membership of the gymnastics club Kieler Männerturnvereins von 1844. The club was not very successful and never loomed large in football generally, later the club concentrate on track and field athletics. Kieler Fußball-Club Holstein was formed on 4 May 1902 and was renamed Fußball-Verein Holstein von 1902 sometime in 1908, the club quickly became competitive and in 1910 they reached the German championship final where they lost 0–1 in extra time to Karlsruher FV. In 1914, the club renamed again after the new branches hockey and athletics are added, Kieler Fussball Verein von 1900 and Sportverein Holstein von 1902, severely weakened by World War I, merged to form the current day club. As is common practise in Germany, the new association adopted the date of the older club, while taking up the ground, kit, colours, logo. Through the 1920s, the team made appearances in the national playoffs. In 1930, they played their way to the final, losing 4–5 to Hertha BSC, the following year they reached the semi-finals where they were eliminate 0–2 by TSV1860 München. Under the Third Reich, German football was re-organized into sixteen top flight divisions, Kiel played in the Gauliga Nordmark and consistently delivered solid top-five finishes, but were frustrated in their pursuit of a division title. In 1942, the Gauliga Nordmark was broken up into the Gauliga Hamburg and those titles earned Kiel entry into the national playoff rounds. They made their best run in 1943 when they advanced as far as the semi-finals before being put out by eventual champions Dresdner SC, the team captured third place by defeating FC Vienna Wien. They next year, they were eliminated early on, and no final was played in 1945, since the end of the war, Kiel has primarily been a tier II and III club. After the conflict football in the half of the country was re-organized into five regional top flight divisions. Holstein Kiel played from 1947 until 1963 in the Oberliga Nord, in 1961 the reserve team captured the German amateur championship. After the 1963 formation of a national first division known as the Bundesliga. Kiel failed in its attempt to advance to the Bundesliga after its 1965 Regionalliga Nord championship, German football was restructured in 1974 with the formation of a new second division known as the 2
3.
German Football Association
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The German Football Association is the governing body of football in Germany. A founding member of both FIFA and UEFA, the DFB has jurisdiction for the German football league system and is in charge of the mens and womens national teams, the DFB headquarters are based in Frankfurt am Main. Sole members of the DFB are the German Football League, organising the professional Bundesliga, Bundesliga, along with five regional and 21 state associations, organising the semi-professional and amateur levels. The 21 state associations of the DFB have a number of more than 25,000 clubs with more than 6.8 million members. From 1875 to the mid-1880s, the first kind of football played in Germany was according to rugby rules, later, association-style football teams formed separate clubs, and since 1890, they began to organise on regional and national levels. The DFB was founded on 28 January 1900 in Leipzig by representatives of 86 clubs, the vote held to establish the association was 62,22 in favour. Some delegates present represented more than one club, but may have voted only once, other delegates present did not carry their clubs authority to cast a ballot. The DFB consolidated the number of state-based German regional competitions in play for a single recognized national title for the season 1902/03. The German national team played its first game in 1908, before 1914, the German Empire was much larger than todays Germany, comprising Alsace-Lorraine and the eastern provinces. The borders of the associations were drawn according to suitable railway connections. Also, teams based in Bohemia, then part of Austria-Hungary, were eligible, as they were German Football clubs, thus, a German team from Prague was runner-up in the German championship. On the other hand, clubs of the Danish minority in Northern Schleswig refused to join the DFB and this area after World War I voted to join Denmark. Due to border changes imposed by the Treaty of Versailles, the DFB had to adopt its structure, the Saarland, Danzig, and the Memelland were detached from Germany and East Prussia was cut off from the main part by the Polish Corridor. The role of DFB and its representatives like Felix Linnemann under Nazi Germany was documented in 100 Jahre DFB, on a short general meeting on 9 July 1933 in Berlin, the DFB did so, at least formally. Later, the Hitler salute was made compulsory, Marxists and Jews were expelled, on the pitch, Germany had done well in 1934, but after a 0–2 loss in the 1936 Summer Olympics, with Adolf Hitler attending, the DFB and football fell from grace. Germany had made a bid to host the 1938 World Cup, following the Anschluss in March 1938 that made Austria part of Germany, the Austrian Football Association became part of the German federation. Four Germans represented West Europe in a FIFA friendly on 20 June 1937 in Amsterdam, during the war, Germany played international games until 1942. In the aftermath of World War II, German organisations were disbanded by the allies, FIFA decided in November 1945 to ban the no longer existing DFB from international competition, while the Austrian association was re-founded
4.
Hertha BSC
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Hertha, Berliner Sport-Club e. V. commonly known as Hertha BSC, Hertha Berlin or simply Hertha, is a German association football club based in the Charlottenburg locality of Berlin. Hertha BSC play in the Bundesliga, the division of German football. Bundesliga table at the end of the 2012–13 season, Hertha BSC was founded in 1892, and was a founding member of the German Football Association in Leipzig in 1900. The team won the German championship in 1930 and 1931, since 1963, Herthas stadium has been the Olympiastadion. The club is known as Die Alte Dame in German, which translates to The Old Lady, in 2002, the sports activities of the professional, amateur, and under-19 teams were separated into Hertha BSC GmbH & Co. The name Hertha is a variation on Nerthus referring to fertility goddess from Germanic mythology, Hertha performed consistently well on the field, including a win in the first Berlin championship final in 1905. In May 1910, Hertha won a match against Southend United. However, their success was not matched financially and in 1920 the staunchly working-class Hertha merged with the well-heeled club Berliner Sport-Club to form Hertha Berliner Sport-Club. The new team continued to enjoy success in the Oberliga Berlin-Brandenburg. Notwithstanding, Hertha emerged as the Germanys second most successful team during the inter-war years, German football was re-organized under the Third Reich in 1933 into 16 top-flight divisions, which saw Hertha playing in the Gauliga Berlin-Brandenburg. The club continued to enjoy success within their division, regularly finishing in the half of the table. It faded from prominence, however, unable to advance out of the rounds of the national championship rounds. Politically, the club was overhauled under Hitler, with Hans Pfeifer, after World War II, occupying Allied authorities banned most organizations in Germany, including sports and football clubs. Hertha was re-formed late in 1945 as SG Gesundbrunnen and resumed play in the Oberliga Berlin – Gruppe C, by the end of 1949, it had re-claimed their identity as Hertha BSC and earned a return to the top-flight. Tensions between the western Allies and the Soviets occupying various sectors of the city, and the developing Cold War, led to chaotic conditions for football in the capital. Hertha was banned from playing against East German teams in the 1949–50 season after taking on several players, a number of sides from the eastern half of the city were forced from the Oberliga Berlin to the newly established DDR-Liga beginning with the 1950–51 season. Through the 1950s, a rivalry developed with Tennis Borussia Berlin. A proposal for a merger between the two clubs in 1958 was resoundingly rejected, with three of the 266 members voting in favour
5.
Karlsruher SC
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Karlsruher SC is a German association football club, based in Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg. KSC rose out of the consolidation of a number of predecessor clubs and they have played in the Bundesliga, but were relegated to the 2. Bundesliga in 1998 and in 2009, in 2012, they were relegated to the 3. Liga through play-offs, and in 2013, they were promoted back to the 2, the most successful of these ancestral clubs was Karlsruher Fussball Club Phönix, formed on 6 June 1894 by dissatisfied members of the gymnastics club Karlsruher Turngemeinde. In 1912, Phönix merged with KFC Alemannia, established in 1897 and it was as Phönix Karlsruhe that the club joined the Gauliga Baden, one of 16 top-flight divisions created in the re-organization of German football under the Third Reich. They slipped from the first division for a season in 1936. In the 1943–44 season, Karlsruhe played with Germania Durlach as the wartime side named KSG Phönix/Germania Karlsruhe. After World War II in 1946, Phönix re-emerged to compete in the newly formed first division Oberliga Süd, the club was relegated the following season. Two other threads in the evolution of KSC were the formation of FC Mühlburg in 1905 out of 1, FV Sport Mühlburg and Viktoria Mühlburg, and the merger of FC Germania and FC Weststadt to form VfB Karlsruhe in 1911. FC Mühlburg and VfB Karlsruhe would in turn merge to form VfB Mühlburg in 1933, the group of clubs which came together to form VfB Mühlburg were an undistinguished lot, sharing just one season of upper-league play between them. The new side, however, started to compete in the first-division Gauliga Baden immediately after the league was established in 1933, a lower-table side through the 1930s, VfBs performance improved considerably in the following decade. The Gauliga Baden collapsed in 1944–45 after playing a reduced schedule in which many teams. After the war the club slipped from top-flight competition until earning promotion to the Oberliga Süd in 1947. KFC Phoenix and VfB Mühlburg united to form the Karlsruher Sport-Club Mühlburg-Phönix e. V. on 16 October 1952, in 1955, they beat Schalke 04 3–2 to win the DFB-Pokal, and repeated the success next year with a 3–1 win over Hamburger SV. That season, they made an appearance in the national final. KSC was Oberliga Süd champion in 1956,1958 and 1960, as well as runner-up in the DFB-Pkal in 1960 and their record earned them admission as one of sixteen founding clubs into Germanys new professional football league, the Bundesliga, when it began play in 1963. Karlsruhe struggled in the top flight, never managing better than a 13th-place finish over five seasons before finally being demoted to the second-division Regionalliga Süd. Over the next three seasons, the team earned a first-place finish as well as two second-place finishes there, but were unable to advance in the promotion rounds, after the 1974 formation of the 2
6.
Brandenburg football championship
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The Brandenburg football championship was the highest association football competition in the Prussian Province of Brandenburg, including Berlin, established in 1898. The competition was disbanded in 1933 with the rise of the Nazis to power, German football was, from its beginnings, divided into regional associations, which carried out their own championship, which often pre-dated the national German championship. With the interception of the later in 1903, the former became qualifying tournaments for it, at the end of the Second World War, some resumed, now in league format. Others completely disappeared, like the Baltic championship, as the territories they were held in were not part of Germany any more, with the South West German football championship, a new regional competition also appeared in 1945. Ultimately, with the formation of the Fußball-Bundesliga, all this regional championships ceased altogether, the Prussian province of Brandenburg was largely identical to what is now the federal state of Brandenburg, except for the areas east of the Oder-Neisse line, which are now part of Poland. Berlin was separated politically from the province in 1881 and significantly enlarged in size through the Greater Berlin Act of 1920, clubs from city of Berlin were part of, and indeed, dominated the Brandenburg football championship. The outcome of the First World War and change of Prussia to a Free State had little influence on the competition as, unlike other regions of Germany, Brandenburg did not lose any territory. In the late 1890s, a number of football associations were formed in the Berlin and Brandenburg region. Separate workers and faith-based competitions active in Berlin were also absorbed into the new leagues, the Verband Deutscher Ballspielvereine, a Berlin-based association of German football clubs was formed on 11 September 1897. In May 1902, it was renamed as the Verband Berliner Ballspielvereine to reflect its geographical alignment, in April 1911, the two associations merged to form the Verband Brandenburgischer Ballspielvereine. In 1933, after the rise of the Nazis to power, the Brandenburg football championship was first played in 1898, when eight clubs competed in a league format for it. The number of games played by each team varied greatly but the top four clubs each played nine games with the top three ending up on equal points. To determine the champion, a two leg decider was played between Britannia Berlin and BFC Preussen with the former winning both games and earning its first league title. In its second edition, only six clubs participated, all from the city of Berlin, because of the top two teams finishing on equal points, a final had to be played once more, this time BFC Preussen coming out the winner. Expanded to nine clubs for 1900, the champion won the Brandenburg title outright at this edition. The finals were held in a two leg format but because each team won one game, a match had to be held to decide the winner. For 1903, the returned to a single division format. Additionally, the league received some competition with the March football championship being introduced, organised by the rival Märkischer Fußball-Bund
7.
Baltic football championship
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The Baltic football championship was the highest association football competition in the Prussian provinces of East Prussia, Pomerania and West Prussia. The competition was disbanded in 1933 and it should not be confused with the Baltic Cup, a competition for the national teams of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Instead, the competition was named after the Baltic Sea, its clubs mostly based on the shore of this sea, German football was, from its beginnings, divided into regional associations, each of which carried out their own championship matches. These often pre-dated the national German championship, with the inception of the latter in 1903, the former became qualifying tournaments. Regional championships still held a value for the local clubs. At the end of the Second World War, some resumed, others, such as the Baltic championship, completely disappeared, especially if the territories they were held in were no longer part of Germany. With the South West German football championship, a new regional competition also appeared in 1945, ultimately, with the formation of the Fußball-Bundesliga, regional championships ceased altogether. When the Baltic championship was established in 1908, the region of North Eastern Germany was politically part of the Kingdom of Prussia, as the provinces of East Prussia, Pomerania and West Prussia. With the defeat of the German Empire in 1918 and the formation of a Republic and this turned East Prussia into an exclave, separated from mainland Germany. The city of Danzig, previously part of West Prussia, became the Free City of Danzig, a small portion of East Prussia, the region around Soldau in the south west of the province, was also awarded to Poland. In other parts of East Prussia, a plebiscite was held, the Memel Territory came initially under French protection and was later annexed by Lithuania. Pomerania was not affected by any territorial changes after the First World War, clubs from both Danzig and Memel continued to compete in the Baltic championship despite not being part of Germany anymore. Clubs from Memel simultaneously took part in the Lithuanian championship, too, the Baltic Football Association was formed in 1907. In 1930, the parts of Pomerania joined the Verband Brandenburgischer Ballspielvereine. The Verband Königsberger Ballspiel Vereine was formed on 3 September 1904, in 1927, this association was renamed Baltischer Sportverband. The Baltic football championship was first contested in 1908 and won by the VfB Königsberg, only three teams played in the competition, the champions of Danzig, Königsberg and Elbing. The champions of Pomerania did not yet take part and it was staged as a knockout competition. The winner of this first competition took part in the sixth edition of the national German championship for the first time
8.
SV Blitz Breslau
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SV Blitz Breslau was a German football club playing in Breslau, Lower Silesia in what was then part of Germany but is today Wrocław, Poland. The club was established on 1 April 1897 by former members of the cycling club Radverein Blitz Breslau, SVB was one of the founding members of the German Football Association established in Leipzig in 1900. A split of the led to the formation of Sport Club Schlesien Breslau on 26 August 1901. Subsequent appearances in the national level playoffs ended with quarter final losses, what remained of parent club SV Blitz Breslau adopted the name Verein für Rasenspiel 1897 Breslau on 2 May 1907 and then went on to enjoy their own successes. They followed SC as three time VBBB champions from 1908–1910 and as Südostdeutscher titlists in 1908 and 1910, VfR also went out in the quarter finals in their two national level appearances. Several members of SC left the club in 1919 to create a department within Turnverein Vorwärts Breslau. This club later merged with 1911 Krietern to form FV Rapide Breslau, SC and Rapid were united in 1924 to form Schlesien 01 Rapid Breslau. By 1925 this club was again playing simply as SC Schlesien Breslau, in 1934 these threads were all brought together when VfR and SC were re-united as VfR Schlesien 1897 Breslau. The club was lost in 1945 in the aftermath of World War II, today, a leading Polish football and basketball club bears the name Śląsk Wrocław, the Polish-language equivalent to Schlesien Breslau. Founded in 1946, it is not related to the earlier German football club
9.
South Eastern German football championship
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The competition was disbanded in 1933. German football was, from its beginnings, divided into regional associations and these often pre-dated the national German championship. With the inception of the latter in 1903, the former became qualifying tournaments, regional championships still held a high value for the local clubs. At the end of the Second World War, some resumed, others, such as the Baltic championship, completely disappeared, especially if the territories they were held in were no longer part of Germany. With the South West German football championship, a new regional competition also appeared in 1945, ultimately, with the formation of the Fußball-Bundesliga, regional championships ceased altogether. With the defeat of the German Empire in 1918 and the formation of a Republic, for most of the Prussian provinces, this only meant that the Kingdom was replaced with the Free State of Prussia. A small strip along the border remained with Germany and became the border province Posen-West Prussia, no results beyond the final are known. The winner of this first competition took part in the fourth edition of the national German championship. Clubs from the south east of Germany had already taken part in the edition of the competition. No club from the south east ever reached the German championship final, to qualify for the South Eastern German championship, a club had to take out the title in its regional competition or league. As more football clubs were formed in Germany, the number of leagues increased, originally, from 1907, four regional champions took part from the following regions, Breslau Niederlausitz Niederschlesien Oberschlesien In 1910, Posen was added as a fifth region. In 1911, the Oberlausitz champions joined, the second edition was played out in the knockout modus again, but now involving four clubs, a system that remained in place until 1910, when the number of clubs was enlarged to six. In its last pre-First World War season,1914, the competition was enlarged to seven clubs, in 1914-15, football in Germany had come to an almost complete halt. As it became clear, that the war would last longer than anticipated, in most regions of Germany, like the South, the championships were restarted from 1915 onwards but in the South East, this was not so. A south eastern championship was not played again until 1920, the 1920 championship resumed in the same fashion as the last one had finished in 1914, seven clubs in a knockout competition. The champions, Sportfreunde Breslau, achieved the greatest success of any south eastern club so far in the title games. In 1921, the competition was staged with six clubs. Clubs from Posen, now Poznań, did not enter the championship anymore as the city had become part of Poland, play was further disrupted in 1922
10.
BFC Preussen
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BFC Preussen is a German football club from Berlin. The team is part of a club which also has departments for handball, volleyball, athletics, gymnastics. Preussen was one of the clubs of the German Football Association in Leipzig in 1900. The club was formed as BFC Friedrich Wilhelm on 1 May 1894 by a number of players who had left Hevellia Berlin. It was named in honour of Crown Prince Wilhelm, an early and enthusiastic supporter of the new game of football who donated the Kronprinzenpokal, the German games earliest prize. In 1895, the club was renamed Preußen for the Kingdom of Prussia, the team lost the league final in 1898 before going on to win three consecutive titles in 1899–1901, and then repeating as champions in 1910 and 1912. While Preußen remained a prominent side playing in the Verbandsliga Berlin-Brandenburg and Oberliga Berlin-Brandenburg through to the early 1930s, in 1933, German football was re-organized under the Third Reich into sixteen regional first division Gauligen. However, a poor finish to the 1932–33 season that saw Preußen finish in last place put the club out of top-flight football. In the aftermath of World War II occupying Allied authorities banned organizations throughout Germany, including sports and football clubs, the club was dissolved, then re-established in 1949. By the 1970s Preussen had settled into third-tier competition in the Amateurliga Berlin, a short-lived breakthrough to the Regionalliga Berlin lasted two seasons from 1972–74 before the team briefly crashed to the Landesliga Berlin in 1974–75. The teams quick return to the third tier Amateur Oberliga Berlin was marked by five seasons in which they earned three first and two second-place finishes. They narrowly missed promotion to the 2, bundesliga in 1980 when they lost the playoff to SC Göttingen 05. Preußen played out the balance of the 1970s and on into the early 1990s in the third division, the team soon found itself in the fifth tier Verbandsliga Berlin and slipped as low as the Landesliga Berlin-1 in 1999–2000. In 2011–12, they were demoted from the Berlin-Liga after an 18th-place result, after three seasons in the Landesliga they were promoted back to the Berlin-Liga by winning the 2014–15 Landesliga Berlin 1
11.
SC Tasmania 1900 Berlin
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This article is about the now-defunct, former Bundesliga football team. For the successor club, see SV Tasmania Berlin, SC Tasmania 1900 Berlin was a German football club based in the Berlin district of Neukölln. The club was founded as Rixdorfer TuFC Tasmania1900 on 2 June 1900 and it is believed the founders of the club were about to migrate to Australia at the end of the 19th century, so they named their club after their shared desired destination Tasmania. In 1965, Berlins only Bundesliga side, Hertha BSC, had its license revoked and was relegated for breaking the leagues player salary rules. The German Football Association wanted to keep a club in the city of Berlin for political reasons, both Karlsruher SC and FC Schalke 04 tried to avoid being demoted by laying claim to Herthas place. It was decided to suspend relegation for one season and increase the number of teams in the league from 16 to 18 to accommodate the two teams which would normally be promoted from the Regionalligen. Cold War politics led to a space being held for a team from the capital city to replace Hertha. The winner of Regionalliga Berlin, Tennis Borussia Berlin, had failed to advance to the Bundesliga through the promotion round that saw Bayern Munich. A top performer in the relatively weak Regionalliga Berlin, Tasmania 1900 would find themselves seriously overmatched in the Bundesliga. Despite a season-opening 2–0 win over Karlsruher SC at the Olympiastadion and they scored only 15 goals while conceding 108 and finished the season in last place earning just 8 of a possible 68 points. The only team not to beat Tasmania was 1, FC Kaiserslautern which managed only two draws against them. The 0–0 result at Betzenberg was the point earned by Tasmania away from their home stadium. Tasmania were relegated at the end of the season and returned to the Regionalliga Berlin, although the team made it to the promotion round twice between 1966 and 1973, they never managed a return to the Bundesliga. In 1973, the Neukölln sports association declared bankruptcy, a successor team, SC Tasmania 73 Neukölln was created, becoming SV Tasmania-Gropiusstadt 1973 in 2000. Since 2011, the club has known as SV Tasmania Berlin
12.
1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig
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The team won the 2015-16 NOFV-Oberliga Süd and qualified for the 2016–17 Regionalliga Nordost, where it will face former East German champions FC Carl Zeiss Jena and BFC Dynamo. The club was formed on 26 May 1896 out of the department of gymnastics club Allgemeine Turnverein 1845 Leipzig. The union lasted until 2 May 1900 when the two went their separate ways again. VfB Leipzig was one of the original eighty-six teams that came together in the city in 1900 to form the German Football Association and they were immediately successful at their chosen sport and made their way to the first German national championship final held in 1903. Their opponents were DFC Prag, an ethnically German side from Prague, the DFB had invited German clubs of this sort from other countries in order to boost numbers in their new national association. DFC Prag had made their way to the final under circumstances that had allowed them to playing a single playoff game. Arriving in Hamburg for the match, the heavily favoured Pragers took themselves off on a pub crawl the night before the contest. The contest against was delayed half an hour as officials scrambled to find a football that was in good condition, the host, FC93 Altona Hamburg, provided a new ball and eleven minutes in, DFC Prag scored the first goal. Leipzig played themselves into another final appearance in 1904, but the match was never contested, a protest by FV Karlsruhe over their disputed semi-final with Britannia Berlin was never resolved and the DFB called off the final only hours before its scheduled start. There would be no champion that year, the following season Leipzig found themselves unable to cover the expense of travelling to participate in their scheduled first round playoff match and so were eliminated from that years competition. They did, however, go on to raise the Viktoria again in 1906 and 1913, in the period leading up to World War II, VfB was unable to repeat their early success. After the re-organization of German football leagues under the Third Reich in 1933, while they earned good results within their own division, they were unable to advance in the playoff rounds. In 1937, they captured the Tschammerpokal, known today as the German Cup, in a match against FC Schalke 04, the dominant side of the era. The club, like most other organizations in Germany, including sports, club members reconstituted the team in 1946 as SG Probstheida under the auspices of the occupying Soviets. In 1963 Leipzigs two most important clubs – SC Rotation and SC Lokomotive Leipzig – were put together resulting in two new sides being founded – SC Leipzig and BSG Chemie Leipzig. East German football went through a general re-organization in 1965, creating football clubs as centres of high-level football, FC Lokomotive Leipzig, while rivals Chemie Leipzig continued as a Betriebssportgemeinschaft, or a company team. Lok earned a clutch of East German Cups with victories in 1976,1981,1986 and 1987 against failed appearances in the Cup final in 1970,1973 and 1977. They also won the UEFA Intertoto Cup in 1966 and made an appearance in the 1987 final of the UEFA Cup Winners Cup falling 0,1 to Johan Cruijffs Ajax Amsterdam after a Marco van Basten goal
13.
Central German football championship
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The competition was disbanded in 1933 with the rise of the Nazis to power. German football was, from its beginnings, divided into regional associations, which carried out their own championship, with the interception of the later in 1903, the former became qualifying tournaments for it but these regional championships still held a high value for the local clubs. At the end of the Second World War, some resumed, others completely disappeared, like the Baltic championship, as the territories they were held in were not part of Germany any more. With the South West German football championship, a new regional competition also appeared in 1945, ultimately, with the formation of the Fußball-Bundesliga, all this regional championships ceased altogether. The number of states in the Thuringia region formed the new state of that name, with the exception of Coburg. In late 1900, the Verband Mitteldeutscher Ballspiel Vereine followed, three month later, the Verband Dresdner Ballspiel-Vereine was formed in Dresden, in August 1903, the Verband Chemnitzer Ballspielvereine was formed in Chemnitz and, last, the Verband Plauener Ballspielvereine came into existence in Plauen. In 1933, all of those were disbanded by the Nazis, the Central German football championship was first played in 1902, but little is known about the first year other than the final. The championship was staged as a competition with a one-leg final at the end. Regional champions were determined to establish who the clubs for the Central German championship were. In 1903, in the year of the competition, a German football championship was established. The team, VfB Leipzig achieved distinction by becoming the first German champions, defeating DFC Prag 7-2 in the final and establishing Central Germany as an early power house of German football. VfB became the dominant side in the pre-First World War era of the competition, also winning another German title in 1906 and 1913 and making a losing appearance in the 1911 and 1914 final. No other club from Central Germany enjoyed a form of success. From 1903, three teams took part in the championship, the champions of the Leipzig, Dresden and Magdeburg region and this was expanded to four teams when the champion of the Chemnitz area joined the Central German championship. From 1908, seven teams competed in the finals, making it necessary to establish a quarter-final round. In 1910, the competition was expanded to nine teams, the year after to twelve, in its last pre-war season,1914,21 clubs participated, making a qualifying round necessary. In 1913, a different system was used, splitting the region in two according to their playing strength. The winners of the two met in a final, which was predictably won by the team from the stronger group
14.
Northern German football championship
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The regional associations, including the NFV, were dissolved in 1933 and the competition was not held again until 1946. German football was, from its beginnings, divided into regional associations and these often pre-dated the national German championship. With the inception of the latter in 1903, the former became qualifying tournaments, regional championships still held a high value for the local clubs. At the end of the Second World War, some resumed, in the North, a championship had been started in the summer of 1946 but it had to be stopped during the quarter-finals when the British Military Government intervened. Subsequently, the Oberliga Nord was established in 1947, others, such as the Baltic championship, completely disappeared because the territories they were held in were no longer part of Germany. With the South West German football championship, a new regional competition also appeared in 1945 in the French Zone, ultimately, with the formation of the Fußball-Bundesliga, regional championships ceased altogether. For the two Prussian provinces, this meant that the Kingdom was replaced with the Free State of Prussia. The very first federation in the North, inaugurated in 1894, incorporated clubs from Hamburg as well as Altona, the Northern German football championship was first contested in 1906 and won by Victoria Hamburg. Six clubs had qualified and the stages were held as a knock-out competition with a one-off final at the end. The winner of this first competition took part in the fourth edition of the national German championship. Northern German clubs had taken part in each of the previous three national championships. To qualify for the Northern German championship, a club had to take out the title in its local or district competition or league, the second edition was played out in the same modus but now with eight clubs, a system that remained in place for the following seasons. The northern champions experienced some first national success in 1910, when Holstein Kiel reached the German final, in 1912, the Holstein returned to the national final once more and became the first northern club to win it, this time beating Karlsruher FV 1-0. In its last pre-First World War season,1914, the became a regional league. In 1914-15, football in Germany had come to an almost complete halt, as it became clear, that the war would last longer than anticipated, local competitions restarted in 1915. In most regions of Germany, like the South, the championships were restarted from 1915 onwards but in the North, a northern championship was played in 1916 again, but only for selections, not clubs. In 1917, a championship was played once more but in 1918. The Northern German championship resumed in 1919, as a competition, with eleven clubs
15.
Eintracht Duisburg 1848
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Eintracht Duisburg is a German sportsclub from the city of Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia. Founded in 1848 it is one of the countrys oldest sport associations and it was these two sides that fused to create todays club on 24 July 1964. Duisburger SV was one of the most successful sides of football in western Germany. The team was formed out of Duisburger TfE on 22 March 1900 on the initiative of Gottfried Hinz, who would later go on to become president of the German Football Association. Between 1900 and 1913 SV made regular appearances in the playoffs, twice advancing to the semi-finals. The club played as a side into the late 20s winning a total of ten West German championships between 1904 and 1927. After their final championship the club faded from prominence and they did not re-appear in upper tier football until after World War II when they advanced to play in the Oberliga West in 1949. Generally a mid-table side, the clubs best result was a finish in 1957 and, except for a short period from 1951 to 1954. A last-place result that ensured the team would not be part of the newly formed sixteen-team Bundesliga, Germanys first professional league. The origins of TuS Duisburg 48/99 go back to the founding in 1899 of Duisburger Fussball Klub, in 1903, this club merged with SV Viktoria 1893 to create Duisburger SV Viktoria 1899. They were joined in 1921 by five-month-old Turn-Borussia Duisburg thereby becoming TuS, TuS 48/99 then made its own appearance in the Gauliga earning a second place finish in the 1936–37 season, only a single point behind division winners TSV Fortuna Düsseldorf. The following season TSV and TuS were directed by Nazi sport authorities to merge to play as TuS Duisburg 48/99 and this team struggled, several times narrowly missing relegation, until another second place result in 1942. World War II had a significant impact on German football often leading to the merger of teams weakened in the conflict, in 1943 the wartime side KSG SpV/48/99 Duisburg was created out of TuS 48/99 and Duisburger SpV. This combined club captured the title before going out in the second round of the national playoffs to the eras powerhouse FC Schalke 04. The following year the Gauliga Niederrhein collapsed as Allied armies advanced into Germany, DSV and TuS re-emerged as separate sides after the war. The club again earned a second result in 1957, this time behind eventual national champions Borussia Dortmund. By the late 70s the combined club had fallen to the Landesliga Niederrhein and by the turn of the millennium they were toiling in the Kreisliga B Duisburg
16.
Western German football championship
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The competition was disbanded in 1933 with the rise of the Nazis to power. It is not to be confused with the German championship in what was referred to as West Germany from 1949 to 1990. German football was, from its beginnings, divided into regional associations, which carried out their own championship, with the interception of the later in 1903, the former became qualifying tournaments for it but these regional championships still held a high value for the local clubs. At the end of the Second World War, some resumed, others completely disappeared, like the Baltic championship, as the territories they were held in were not part of Germany any more. With the South West German football championship, a new regional competition also appeared in 1945, ultimately, with the formation of the Fußball-Bundesliga, all this regional championships ceased altogether. For the two Prussian provinces, this meant that the Kingdom was replaced with the Free State of Prussia. On 23 October 1898, the Rheinischer Spielverband was formed, initially without the clubs from the region around Kassel, in 1900, the Rheinisch-Westfälischen Spielverband was formed, which, in 1907, was renamed Westdeutscher Spielverband. The Western German football championship was first contested in 1903 and won by the Cölner FC1899 and it consisted of three clubs, one each from Essen, Cologne and Mönchengladbach, then spelled München-Gladbach, and was determined in a group stage with home-and-away games. The winner of this first competition did not take part in the first edition of the national German championship, to qualify for the Western German championship, a club had to take out the title in its regional competition or league. As more football clubs were formed in Germany, the number of leagues increased, the second edition was played out in the same modus and its champion was permitted to enter the national finals for the first time. A round of deciders was necessary to determine the Western champion as all three sat on equal points. In 1906, the championship was expanded to four clubs with a once more being necessary to determine the champion. In 1907, the system to determine the Western champion was altered to a knockout modus with six clubs participating, increased to seven for the following year and eight in 1909. The Duisburger SV in turn was a powerhouse of western football. The last pre-First World War season,1914, saw a return to the finals being played as a league with home-and-away games, five clubs were meant to compete but Düsseldorfer SV was deemed to have been determined to late as local champions and it was barred from participating. In 1914-15, football in Germany had come to an almost complete halt, as it became clear, that the war would last longer than anticipated, local competitions restarted in 1915. In most regions of Germany, like the South, the championships were restarted from 1915 onwards but in the West, a Western German Championship was not played again until 1920. As a consequence of the lost war, a strip of land along the German - Belgian border was awarded to the later, with the cities of Eupen and these were the only territorial changes within the area of the Western championship
17.
Southern German football championship
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The Southern German football championship was the highest association football competition in the South of Germany, established in 1898. The competition was disbanded in 1933 with the rise of the Nazis to power, German football was, from its beginnings, divided into regional associations which carried out their own championship, which often pre-dated the national German championship. With the interception of the later in 1903, the former became qualifying tournaments for it, at the end of the Second World War, some resumed, now in league format. Others completely disappeared, like the Baltic championship, as the territories they were held in were not part of Germany any more, with the South West German football championship, a new regional competition also appeared in 1945. Ultimately, with the formation of the Fußball-Bundesliga, all this regional championships ceased altogether, the Süddeutsche Fußball-Verband, the Southern German Football Association was formed in Karlsruhe on 17 October 1897, three years before the German Football Association was formed. It originally was named Verband Süddeutscher Fußball-Vereine, one of the leading figures and driving force in the Southern German football was Walther Bensemann, founder of the kicker sportmagazin, a position he retained until the Nazis rise to power. The other driving force behind football in the south of Germany was Friedrich William Nohe, the association was formed by eight clubs, those being, Karlsruher FV Phönix Karlsruhe Fidelitas Karlsruhe 1. FC Pforzheim FC Heilbronn FG96 Mannheim FC Hanau 93 Germania 94 Frankfurt The SFV originally covered a larger area. With the interception of the German football championship in 1903, the Southern German championship functioned as a tournament for it. Nevertheless, it enjoyed a high value of status. The competition went through a number of changes throughout its live time, from this season onwards, the competition also grew in size. Previously, only a few selected clubs from cities like Frankfurt, Mannheim and Karlsruhe had taken part, in its early years, competition was very localised and patchy, with a handful of clubs dominating play. After the end of the First World War, the region of Alsace-Lorraine once more part of France. The semi-final winners then entered the Southern German final, the number of leagues remained the same for the 1922 edition but now league winner and runners-up both qualified for a knock-out round to determine the champion. In 1923, the league winners again were the only once qualified and the ten teams played a round first. After the 1923 season, the German league system was reorganised and streamlined, only the champion would then move on to the German championship. In the following season, only the five winners would compete for the southern title. For the 1926 edition, the modus remained unchanged apart from the Southern German cup winner also entering the finals tournament, in 1927, the modus again remained unchanged
18.
Baltika Stadium
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Baltika Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Kaliningrad, Russia, that is home to FC Baltika Kaliningrad. The capacity of the stadium is 14,660, making it a stadium in the Russian First Division. The stadium was originally within Königsberg, Germany, in 1892 philanthropist Walter Simon granted 6.83 hectares in Mittelhufen for the construction of an athletic field. Named Walter-Simon-Platz in his honor, the stadium hosted Königsberger STV in the early 20th century, the Yorck memorial was constructed near it in 1913. Because Simon was Jewish, the Nazi Party renamed the stadium Erich-Koch-Platz after Gauleiter Erich Koch in 1933, the city became Russian after World War II. Columns from the portico of New Altstadt Church are included in Baltika Stadiums entrance, lexikon der Stadt Königsberg Pr. und Umgebung
19.
Stadion Hoheluft
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Stadion Hoheluft is a Football stadium in Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. It is used as the stadium of SC Victoria Hamburg matches, the capacity of the stadium is 11,000 spectators. The record attendance for the ground was 37,000 during the final of the British Zone Championship in which Hamburger SV beat FC St. Pauli 6–1, information Pictures of the Stadion Hoheluft
20.
Hamburg
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Hamburg, officially Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, is the second largest city in Germany and the eighth largest city in the European Union. It is the second smallest German state by area and its population is over 1.7 million people, and the wider Hamburg Metropolitan Region covers more than 5.1 million inhabitants. The city is situated on the river Elbe, the official long name reflects Hamburgs history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League, a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire, a city-state, and one of the 16 states of Germany. Before the 1871 Unification of Germany, it was a sovereign state. Prior to the changes in 1919, the civic republic was ruled by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten. Though repeatedly destroyed by the Great Fire of Hamburg, the floods and military conflicts including WW2 bombing raids, the city managed to recover and emerge wealthier after each catastrophe. On the river Elbe, Hamburg is a port and a global service, media, logistics and industrial hub, with headquarters and facilities of Airbus, Blohm + Voss, Aurubis, Beiersdorf. The radio and television broadcaster NDR, Europes largest printing and publishing firm Gruner + Jahr, Hamburg has been an important financial centre for centuries, and is the seat of Germanys oldest stock exchange and the worlds second oldest bank, Berenberg Bank. The city is a fast expanding tourist destination for domestic and international visitors. It ranked 16th in the world for livability in 2015, the ensemble Speicherstadt and Kontorhausviertel was declared a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO in 2015. Hamburg is a major European science, research and education hub with several universities and institutes and its creative industries and major cultural venues include the renowned Elbphilharmonie and Laeisz concert halls, various art venues, music producers and artists. It is regarded as a haven for artists, gave birth to movements like Hamburger Schule. Hamburg is also known for theatres and a variety of musical shows. St. Paulis Reeperbahn is among the best known European entertainment districts, Hamburg is on the southern point of the Jutland Peninsula, between Continental Europe to the south and Scandinavia to the north, with the North Sea to the west and the Baltic Sea to the north-east. It is on the River Elbe at its confluence with the Alster, the city centre is around the Binnenalster and Außenalster, both formed by damming the River Alster to create lakes. The island of Neuwerk and two neighbouring islands Scharhörn and Nigehörn, in the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park, are also part of Hamburg. The neighbourhoods of Neuenfelde, Cranz, Francop and Finkenwerder are part of the Altes Land region, neugraben-Fischbek has Hamburgs highest elevation, the Hasselbrack at 116.2 metres AMSL. Hamburg has a climate, influenced by its proximity to the coast
21.
Leipzig
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Leipzig is the largest city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany. With a population of 570,087 inhabitants it is Germanys tenth most populous city, Leipzig is located about 160 kilometres southwest of Berlin at the confluence of the White Elster, Pleisse, and Parthe rivers at the southern end of the North German Plain. Leipzig has been a city since at least the time of the Holy Roman Empire. The city sits at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, Leipzig was once one of the major European centers of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing. Leipzig became an urban center within the German Democratic Republic after the Second World War. Leipzig later played a significant role in instigating the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, through events which took place in, Leipzig today is an economic center and the most livable city in Germany, according to the GfK marketing research institution. Since the opening of the Leipzig City Tunnel in 2013, Leipzig forms the centerpiece of the S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland public transit system, Leipzig is currently listed as Gamma World City and Germanys Boomtown. Outside of Leipzig the Neuseenland district forms a lake area of approximately 300 square kilometres. Leipzig is derived from the Slavic word Lipsk, which means settlement where the linden trees stand, an older spelling of the name in English is Leipsic. The Latin name Lipsia was also used, the name is cognate with Lipetsk in Russia and Liepāja in Latvia. In 1937 the Nazi government officially renamed the city Reichsmessestadt Leipzig, the common usage of this nickname for Leipzig up until the present is reflected, for example, in the name of a popular blog for local arts and culture, Heldenstadt. de. Leipzig was first documented in 1015 in the chronicles of Bishop Thietmar of Merseburg as urbs Libzi and endowed with city, Leipzig Trade Fair, started in the Middle Ages, became an event of international importance and is the oldest remaining trade fair in the world. During the Thirty Years War, two battles took place in Breitenfeld, about 8 kilometres outside Leipzig city walls, the first Battle of Breitenfeld took place in 1631 and the second in 1642. Both battles resulted in victories for the Swedish-led side, on 24 December 1701, an oil-fueled street lighting system was introduced. The city employed light guards who had to follow a schedule to ensure the punctual lighting of the 700 lanterns. The Leipzig region was the arena of the 1813 Battle of Leipzig between Napoleonic France and a coalition of Prussia, Russia, Austria and Sweden. It was the largest battle in Europe prior to the First World War, in 1913 the Monument to the Battle of the Nations celebrating the centenary of this event was completed. The railway station has two entrance halls, the eastern one for the Royal Saxon State Railways and the western one for the Prussian state railways
22.
Tempelhof
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Tempelhof is a locality of Berlin within the borough of Tempelhof-Schöneberg. It is the location of the former Tempelhof Airport, one of the earliest commercial airports in the world and it is now deserted and shows as a blank spot on maps of Berlin. Attempts are being made to save the still-existing buildings, the Tempelhof locality is located in the south-central part of the city. Before Berlins 2001 administrative reform, the area of Tempelhof, together with the localities of Mariendorf, Marienfelde and these localities grew from historic villages on the Teltow plateau founded in the early 13th century in the course of the German Ostsiedlung. The centre of the settlement, consisting of the church and the estate, was fortified. The Templars were joined by fifteen families of landless farmers sons from the Rhine, legates of the Templars offered them fertile soil and the protection of Tempelhoves stronghold. In 1435, they sold their estates to the city of Berlin, in the early nineteenth century, Tempelhof was still a village outside Berlin proper and was the site of country excursions for the citizens of Berlin. The northern parts of Tempelhof were incorporated as Berlins Tempelhofer Vorstadt in 1861, today, the former commandry is a chain of parks, called Bosepark, Kleiner Park, Alter Park, and Franckepark. Some of them still have ponds that were part of the moat surrounding the villages center. One, the Krummer Pfuhl, located in the Franckepark, after being turned into public swimming baths in the century, has completely dried out and is now an enclosed deer park. The original church, built from boulders, was destroyed in the Second World War and was replaced with one built of ashlar or dressed stone with a timber-frame tower. The Tempelhof Studios were established in 1912 and functioned as film and later television studios
23.
Karlsruhe
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Karlsruhe is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg, in southwest Germany, near the French-German border. It has a population of 307,755, the city is the seat of the two highest courts in Germany, the Federal Constitutional Court and the Federal Court of Justice. Its most remarkable building is Karlsruhe Palace, which was built in 1715, the city lies at an altitude between 100 m and 322 m. Its geographical coordinates are 49°00′N 8°24′E, the 49th parallel runs through the city centre and its course is marked by a stone and painted line in the Stadtgarten. Almost all of these survived until today. The city centre is the oldest part of town and lies south of the palace in the quadrant defined by nine of the radial streets, the central part of the palace runs east-west, with two wings, each at a 45° angle, directed southeast and southwest. The market square lies on the street running south from the palace to Ettlingen, the area north of the palace is a park and forest. The area west of the palace is now mostly residential, Karlsruhe experiences an oceanic climate and its winter climate is milder, compared to most other German cities. Summers are also hotter than elsewhere in the country and it is one of the sunniest cities in Germany, precipitation is almost evenly spread throughout the year. In 2008, the station in Karlsruhe, which had been operating since 1876, was closed, it was replaced by a weather station in Rheinstetten. A variation of this claims that he built the new palace in order to find peace from his wife. Charles William founded the city on June 17,1715, after a dispute with the citizens of his previous capital, the founding of the city is closely linked to the construction of the palace. Karlsruhe became the capital of Baden-Durlach and in 1771 of the united Baden until 1945, built in 1822, the Ständehaus was the first parliament building in a German State. In the aftermath of the revolution of 1848, a republican government was elected here. Karlsruhe was visited by Thomas Jefferson during his time as the American envoy to France, Jefferson passed to him maps of 12 European towns to consult, one of which was a sketch he had made of Karlsruhe during his visit. In 1860, the international professional convention of chemists, the Karlsruhe Congress, was held in the city. Much of the area, including the palace, was reduced to rubble by Allied bombing during World War II but was rebuilt after the war. Located in the American zone of the post-war Allied occupation, Karlsruhe was home to an American military base, in 1995, the bases closed, and their facilities were turned over to the city of Karlsruhe
24.
Penalty kick (association football)
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A penalty kick is a method of restarting play in association football, taken from 11 metres out from the goal, on the penalty mark. Penalty kicks are performed during normal play and they are awarded when a foul that is punishable by a direct free kick is committed within the offending players own penalty area. Similar kicks are made in a penalty shootout in some tournaments to determine which team is victorious after a drawn match, in practice, penalties are converted to goals more often than not, even against world class goalkeepers. This means that penalty awards are often decisive, especially in low-scoring games, the referee gives the ball to the non-offending team. The goalkeeper must stand on the line between the post until the ball is kicked. Lateral movement is allowed, but the keeper is not permitted to come off the goal line by stepping or lunging forward until the ball is in play. When the goalkeeper indicates to the referee that they are ready, once the shooter has started their approach to the ball, they are not permitted to interrupt it. The ball must be stationary before the kick, and must be struck forwards, violation of these rules will result in a re-kick. After the penalty is taken properly, the ball may be played by any player except the one who executed the penalty kick. The kicker may not play the ball again until it has touched or played by another player on either team. For penalties taken near the end of time, play may be extended so that the penalty kick may be taken. A two-man penalty, or tap penalty, occurs when the penalty-taker, instead of shooting for goal, taps the ball slightly forward so that a team-mate can run on to it and shoot. The team-mate, like all other players, must be at least ten yards from the penalty mark when the ball is initially kicked and this strategy depends on the element of surprise, so that the team-mate can reach the ball ahead of any defenders. There is no requirement for the penalty taker to shoot for goal, the first recorded tap penalty was taken by Jimmy McIlroy and Danny Blanchflower of Northern Ireland against Portugal on 1 May 1957. Another was taken by Rik Coppens and André Piters in the World Cup Qualifying match Belgium v Iceland on 5 June 1957, arsenal players Thierry Henry and Robert Pirès failed in an attempt at a similar penalty in 2005, during a Premier League match against Manchester City at Highbury. Lionel Messi tapped a penalty for Luis Suárez as Suárez completed his hat-trick on 14 February 2016 against league opponents Celta De Vigo, in the case of a player repeatedly infringing the laws during the penalty kick, the referee may caution the player for persistent infringement. Note that all offences that occur before kick may be dealt with in this manner, as with a direct free kick, the kicker may not touch the ball a second time, until another player has touched the ball. Another example of an infringement is when a player will run up, stop directly at the ball and this gives the goalkeeper no chance at saving it, and the result of this would be a free kick for the opposing team
25.
Cologne-Weidenpesch Racecourse
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The Cologne-Weidenpesch Racecourse is a horse racing track at Weidenpescher Park in Nippes, Cologne. As the only course in Germany hosting more than one European pattern Group 1 race. Cologne-Weidenpesch is also one of Germanys oldest horse-racing tracks, having been established as a course in 1897. The larger of the two grandstands was designed as a cast iron and timber framing structure in 1898 and substantially renovated in 2004, until recently, the sportsgrounds were also home to Colognes oldest football club, the VfL Köln 99. Other major races include the Preis von Europa and the Mehl-Mülhens-Rennen, the Cologne racing association organizes horse races throughout the entire year. List of German flat horse races official site, Kölner Rennverein 1897 e. V
26.
Cologne
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Cologne is the largest city in the German federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-largest city in Germany. It is located within the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region, one of the major European metropolitan areas, and with more than ten million inhabitants, Cologne is located on both sides of the Rhine River, less than eighty kilometres from Belgium. The citys famous Cologne Cathedral is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Cologne, the University of Cologne is one of Europes oldest and largest universities. Cologne was founded and established in Ubii territory in the first century AD as the Roman Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, Cologne, the French version of the citys name, has become standard in English as well. The city functioned as the capital of the Roman province of Germania Inferior, during the Middle Ages it flourished on one of the most important major trade routes between east and west in Europe. Cologne was one of the members of the Hanseatic League and one of the largest cities north of the Alps in medieval. Up until World War II the city had several occupations by the French. Cologne was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during World War II, the bombing reduced the population by 95%, mainly due to evacuation, and destroyed almost the entire city. With the intention of restoring as many buildings as possible. Cologne is a cultural centre for the Rhineland, it hosts more than thirty museums. Exhibitions range from local ancient Roman archeological sites to contemporary graphics, the Cologne Trade Fair hosts a number of trade shows such as Art Cologne, imm Cologne, Gamescom, and the Photokina. The first urban settlement on the grounds of modern-day Cologne was Oppidum Ubiorum, founded in 38 BC by the Ubii, in 50 AD, the Romans founded Colonia on the Rhine and the city became the provincial capital of Germania Inferior in 85 AD. The city was named Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium in 50 AD, considerable Roman remains can be found in present-day Cologne, especially near the wharf area, where a notable discovery of a 1900-year-old Roman boat was made in late 2007. From 260 to 271 Cologne was the capital of the Gallic Empire under Postumus, Marius, in 310 under Constantine a bridge was built over the Rhine at Cologne. Roman imperial governors resided in the city and it one of the most important trade. Cologne is shown on the 4th century Peutinger Map, maternus, who was elected as bishop in 313, was the first known bishop of Cologne. The city was the capital of a Roman province until occupied by the Ripuarian Franks in 462, parts of the original Roman sewers are preserved underneath the city, with the new sewerage system having opened in 1890. Early medieval Cologne was part of Austrasia within the Frankish Empire, Cologne had been the seat of a bishop since the Roman period, under Charlemagne, in 795, bishop Hildebold was promoted to archbishop
27.
German Empire
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The German Empire was the historical German nation state that existed from the unification of Germany in 1871 to the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918, when Germany became a federal republic. The German Empire consisted of 26 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families and this included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies, seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia became one of kingdoms in the new realm, it contained most of its population and territory. Its influence also helped define modern German culture, after 1850, the states of Germany had rapidly become industrialized, with particular strengths in coal, iron, chemicals, and railways. In 1871, it had a population of 41 million people, and by 1913, a heavily rural collection of states in 1815, now united Germany became predominantly urban. During its 47 years of existence, the German Empire operated as an industrial, technological, Germany became a great power, boasting a rapidly growing rail network, the worlds strongest army, and a fast-growing industrial base. In less than a decade, its navy became second only to Britains Royal Navy, after the removal of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck by Wilhelm II, the Empire embarked on a bellicose new course that ultimately led to World War I. When the great crisis of 1914 arrived, the German Empire had two allies, Italy and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Italy, however, left the once the First World War started in August 1914. In the First World War, German plans to capture Paris quickly in autumn 1914 failed, the Allied naval blockade caused severe shortages of food. Germany was repeatedly forced to send troops to bolster Austria and Turkey on other fronts, however, Germany had great success on the Eastern Front, it occupied large Eastern territories following the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. German declaration of unrestricted submarine warfare in early 1917 was designed to strangle the British, it failed, but the declaration—along with the Zimmermann Telegram—did bring the United States into the war. Meanwhile, German civilians and soldiers had become war-weary and radicalised by the Russian Revolution and this failed, and by October the armies were in retreat, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire had collapsed, Bulgaria had surrendered and the German people had lost faith in their political system. The Empire collapsed in the November 1918 Revolution as the Emperor and all the ruling monarchs abdicated, and a republic took over. The German Confederation had been created by an act of the Congress of Vienna on 8 June 1815 as a result of the Napoleonic Wars, German nationalism rapidly shifted from its liberal and democratic character in 1848, called Pan-Germanism, to Prussian prime minister Otto von Bismarcks pragmatic Realpolitik. He envisioned a conservative, Prussian-dominated Germany, the war resulted in the Confederation being partially replaced by a North German Confederation in 1867, comprising the 22 states north of the Main. The new constitution and the title Emperor came into effect on 1 January 1871, during the Siege of Paris on 18 January 1871, William accepted to be proclaimed Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. The second German Constitution was adopted by the Reichstag on 14 April 1871 and proclaimed by the Emperor on 16 April, the political system remained the same. The empire had a parliament called the Reichstag, which was elected by universal male suffrage, however, the original constituencies drawn in 1871 were never redrawn to reflect the growth of urban areas
28.
Max Breunig
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Max Breunig was a German amateur football player who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. FC Pforzheim but his career ended when the First World War began. He captained the German national team in all nine games he played for them and was a member of the German 1912 Olympic squad and he scored one goal at international level. Profile at World Football Profile at fussballdaten
29.
Julius Hirsch
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Julius Hirsch was a German international footballer who was killed during the Holocaust. He helped Karlsruher FV to win the 1910 German championship, Hirsch was the seventh child of a Jewish merchant, and joined Karlsruher FV at the age of ten. By the age of 19 he represented Germany internationally, together with Fritz Förderer and Gottfried Fuchs he formed an attacking trio. Nicknamed Juller he was best known for his style and his hard shot. After joining SpVgg Fürth in 1913 and winning another German championship the following year and he returned to KFV after the war and retired in 1923. He remained with the club as a youth coach, reading in a newspaper on 10 April 1933 that all Southern German clubs would ban Jewish members, he left KFV by his own choice after over 30 years as a member. He was deported to Auschwitz concentration camp on 1 March 1943 and his exact date of death is unknown. In 1950, a German court declared him dead with the date of death set on 8 May 1945, Hirsch was the first Jewish player to represent the German national team. Hirsch had served for four years in the German Army in World War I and his brother Leopold died in action in 1916, also serving in the German Army. Since 2005 the German Football Federation awards the Julius-Hirsch-Preis for outstanding examples of integration, profile at Weltfussball. de Pictures at Karlsruher-fv1891. de
30.
Gottfried Fuchs
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Gottfried Fuchs was a German footballer. A German Jew, he fled Germany because of the Holocaust and he is remembered for scoring 10 goals for Germany in a 16–0 win against Russia at the 1912 Olympics on 1 July, becoming the top scorer of the tournament. This performance of 10 goals in one match tied a record set by Sophus Nielsen at the 1908 Summer Olympics. Fuchs was part of the attacking trio of Karlsruher FV with Fritz Förderer. His older brother was Richard Fuchs and he helped Karlsruher FV to win the 1910 German championship. List of select Jewish football players Pictures at Karlsruher-fv1891. de
31.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
32.
William Townley
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William Billy Townley, born in Blackburn 14 February 1866, died 30 May 1950 in Blackpool, England, was an English Football player and coach. Townleys career as a player began with Blackburn Olympic F. C and he joined Blackburn Rovers in 1886 and won the FA Cup with the club in 1890 and 1891. He scored another goal in the defence of the title as the Rovers overcame Notts County 3–1 the following year. Townleys total of four goals in FA Cup finals has to date only been bettered once, by Liverpools Ian Rush, Townley was capped twice for England, in 1889 and 1890, scoring two goals in the second of those matches, which was a 9–1 victory over Ireland. In 1894 he moved to Darwen and played there for six years before joining Manchester City, in Germany, as in the rest of Europe at the time, the game was strictly amateur in character and players often had to contribute to team expenses. Coaches were often hired for special occasions only, or for a period to help develop the skills of a team. Townleys first coaching job was with DFC Prague who were beaten by VfB Leipzig in Germanys first national championship staged in 1903 and he later joined Karlsruher FV, losing finalists in 1905, and led them to a their only national title in 1910. The following year he was hired by the northern Bavarian club SpVgg Fürth and this club owned the most advanced facilities in Germany and was quickly becoming the largest club in the country with a membership approaching 3,000. Two months after his arrival Fürth lost against English side Newcastle United only 1–2, in December 1913 Townley got the call from Bayern Munich, but on a loan arrangement he re-joined Fürth in April of the following year to guide them through the national championship rounds. In the final Fürth captured its first national title, defeating defending champions VfB Leipzig and it is not clear, but he may then have returned to Munich, before the horrors of World War I overtook the continent, obscuring knowledge of Townleys activities during this period. He re-emerged with Bayern in 1919 and coached there until 1921 and it appears he was loaned to the Swiss club FC St. Gallen in August 1920 for what was probably a summer training camp. Afterward Townley moved to SV Waldhof in Mannheim where he spent two months aiding in the preparations for the South German Championship. The teams campaign was cut short by eventual national champions 1 and it then appears that he may have coached in Sweden before joining SC Victoria Hamburg where he and his son, playing as a striker, spent a couple of seasons. In 1923 William Townley returned to St. Gallen where he stayed until February 1925, Townley interrupted his time in Switzerland for a four-month stint with the Dutch national team to guide them through the 1924 Olympics in Paris. In May 1926 Townley rejoined SpVgg Fürth for the final in which they overcame Hertha Berlin to win their second national title – the third national title to his credit. A year later he was coaching 1925 finalists FSV Frankfurt and spent some time working with nearby Union Niederrad, now in his mid-60s, Townley took up his last known posting in 1932 with Arminia Hannover, then a strong regional side. Arminia defeated Dresdner SC in a match, but lost in the next round at home to eventual champions Fortuna Düsseldorf. This marks the zenith of Arminias achievement and the last significant role of a pioneer of the game in Germany
33.
Hans Reese
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Hans Heinrich Reese was a German amateur footballer, physician, and neurologist who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was also on the faculty of the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Reese was born in Bordesholm, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, in September 1891. He was educated at the University of Kiel, entering that institution in 1911 after finishing his secondary education, as a teenager and young adult, Hans became involved in sports and especially football. He played for Germany in the 1912 Olympic games, and retained an enthusiasm for sports throughout the rest of his life, Reese earned the M. D. degree in 1916. Immediately thereafter, he was conscripted as a officer in the German Navy Medical Corps. He was a combatant in the Battle of Jutland, and was awarded the Iron Cross, after returning to civilian life, Dr. Reese pursued postgraduate training at the University of Hamburg. He was a house-officer in internal medicine, pathology, and neuropsychiatry, upon completion of his residency, Reese decided to commit the remainder of his career to the practice of neurology. Dr. Reese was recruited to the University of Wisconsin by Dr. William Lorenz in 1924, Dr. Reese developed a particular interest in neurosyphilis, which, in the 1920s and 1930s, accounted for >10% of all psychiatric illnesses. In the days before effective antibiotic therapy of that disease, somewhat unconventional treatments were utilized, one of them involved the purposeful infection of patients with malarial organisms, with the goal of creating a fever. That technique followed the observation that syphilis sometimes improved after febrile illnesses. Reese collaborated with investigators at other institutions using this approach, known as the Wagner-Jauregg treatment, until the advent of penicillin in the 1940s, it was probably the most effective treatment for neurosyphilis available. Reese had several other interests in neuropsychiatry as well. These included multiple sclerosis, porphyria, schizophrenia, idiopathic myopathies, Reese was widely sought-after as a consultant in neurology at UW, especially after the departure of Dr. Bleckwenn from Madison for health reasons in 1954. Hans was devoted to both his colleagues and patients, and that feeling was warmly reciprocated, in 1955, a new dean, Dr. John Zimmerman Bowers, was appointed at the UW medical school. Despite Dr. Reeses accomplishments and reputation, including past presidency of the American Neurological Association he was ousted by Bowers as chairman of Neuropsychiatry in 1956. Reese had a myocardial infarct shortly after being dismissed, nonetheless, following his recovery, he remained on the UW faculty and continued his academic contributions until the end of his life. During the second war, Reese was asked by the U. S. government to essentially act as a spy in Europe. As a native speaker of German and a person well-educated in the sciences, Hans accepted the challenge, and provided valuable information to the War Department upon his return to the U. S. in 1944
34.
Kicker (sports magazine)
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Kicker Sportmagazin is Germanys leading sports magazine and is focused primarily on football. The magazine was founded in 1920 by German football pioneer Walther Bensemann and is published twice a week, usually Monday and Thursday, the Monday edition sells an average of 240,000 copies, while the Thursday edition has an average circulation of about 220,000 copies. The magazine also publishes a yearbook, the kicker Almanach and it was first published from 1937 to 1942, and then continuously from 1959 to date. The magazine kicker first appeared in July 1920 in Konstanz, Germany, the magazine headquarters was originally in Stuttgart but moved to Nürnberg in 1926. During World War II, the merged with the publication Fußball. After the war, the magazine was published by the newly incorporated Olympia-Verlag publishing company. Former chief editor Friedebert Becker again began publishing kicker in 1951, in 1966, kicker was sold to Axel Springer AG. In 1968, Olympia-Verlag in Nuremberg acquired kicker and merged it with Sportmagazin, the first issue of the newly founded kicker-sportmagazin was released on 7 October 1968. Beside the two publications, kicker provides a digital edition since 2012. The online version of kicker. de offers a live ticker for over 80 different international leagues. A mobile version of kicker. de can be found among others in the portal of T-Mobile, Vodafone, O2. In addition, the magazine has three apps in the iTunes store. The modern version of kicker covers a number of sporting competitions and events, including, kicker annually awards the most prolific scorer of the Bundesliga with the kicker Torjägerkanone award. It is equivalent to the Pichichi Trophy in Spanish football
35.
German football championship
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The German football champions are the annual winners of the highest association football competition in Germany. The history of the German football championship is complex and reflects the turbulent history of the country through the course of the 20th century. Before the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963, the format was based on a knockout competition. Since 1963, the finisher in the Bundesliga has been recognized as the national champion. Championship play was suspended twice, from 1915 to 1919 due to World War I, Following World War II, Germany was occupied by the victorious Allies and two German football competitions emerged when the country was divided as a result. Following the reunification of the country in 1990, the two football competitions were merged and a single national championship was restored. Bayern Munich hold the record for the most championships with 24, all, Dynamo Berlin claimed 10 titles in the former East Germany, winning these championships in consecutive seasons. The history of the German football championship is complex and reflects the turbulent history of the country through the course of the 20th century. Before the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963, the format was based on a knockout competition. Since 1963, the finisher in the Bundesliga has been recognized as the national champion. Championship play was suspended twice, from 1915 to 1919 due to World War I, Following World War II, Germany was occupied by the victorious Allies and two German football competitions emerged when the country was divided as a result. Following the reunification of the country in 1990, the two football competitions were merged and a single national championship was restored. Bayern Munich hold the record for the most championships with 26, all, Dynamo Berlin claimed 10 titles in the former East Germany, winning these championships in consecutive seasons. The new English game of football quickly caught on in late 19th-century Germany, the earliest attempt at organizing some form of national championship came in 1894 when city champions Viktoria 89 Berlin invited FC Hanau 93 to play a challenge match. The Hanauers were unable to afford the cost of the trip, in 2007, the 1894 final was replayed and Viktoria were crowned the official 1894 champions. The formation of the DFB helped establish for the first time a clear divide between association football and its close cousin, to qualify for the German championship finals, a club had to win one of the regional championships, which, in some cases, predate the national one. The two strongest regions, South and West were also allowed to send their third-placed team and this system of regional championships was abolished in 1933 by the Nazis and superseded by the Gauliga system. Key Under the Nazis, German sports competitions were consolidated for political reasons, clubs whose leanings were unpalatable to the regime as leftist or faith-based were either banned or their memberships dispersed through forced mergers with other ideologically acceptable clubs
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