1.
Norway
–
The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a population of 5,258,317. The country shares a long border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway, erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution, the kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years, Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have an amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States, the country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the countrys gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the worlds largest producer of oil, the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIAs GDP per capita list which includes territories and some regions, from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2017, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking, Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report, the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index. Norway has two names, Noreg in Nynorsk and Norge in Bokmål. The name Norway comes from the Old English word Norðrveg mentioned in 880, meaning way or way leading to the north. In contrasting with suðrvegar southern way for Germany, and austrvegr eastern way for the Baltic, the Anglo-Saxon of Britain also referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. This was the area of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway, and because of him
2.
Monarchy of Norway
–
The Norwegian monarch is the monarchical head of state of Norway, which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system. The present monarch is King Harald V, who has reigned since 17 January 1991, succeeding his father, the heir apparent is his only son, Crown Prince Haakon. The crown prince undertakes various public functions, as does the kings wife. The crown prince also acts as regent in the kings absence, there are several other members of the Royal Family, including the kings daughter, grandchildren and siblings. Whilst the Constitution of Norway grants important executive powers to the King, formally the King appoints the government according to his own judgement, but parliamentary practice has been in place since 1884. Constitutional practice has replaced the meaning of the word King in most articles of the constitution from the king personally to the elected government. The powers vested in the monarch are significant, but are treated only as reserve powers, the King does not, by convention, have direct participation in government. He ratifies laws and royal resolutions, receives and sends envoys from and to foreign countries and he has a more tangible influence as the symbol of national unity. The annual New Years Eve speech is one occasion when the King traditionally raises negative issues, the King is also Supreme Commander of the Norwegian Armed Forces and Grand Master of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav and of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit. The King has no role in the Church of Norway. The position of King of Norway has been in existence since the unification of Norway in 872. In recent years members of the Socialist Left party have proposed the abolition of the monarchy during each new session of parliament and this gives the Norwegian monarchy the unique status of being a popularly elected royal family and receiving regular formal confirmations of support from the Storting. Prior to and in the phase of the Viking Age Norway was divided into several smaller kingdoms. Harald Fairhair was the first king of Norway, the boundaries of Fairhairs kingdom were not identical to those of present-day Norway, and upon his death the kingship was shared among his sons. Some historians emphasise the actual control over the country and assert that Olaf II, alias Saint Olaf. Olaf is generally held to have been the force behind Norways final conversion to Christianity. In the 12th and 13th centuries the Norwegian kingdom was at its geographical and cultural peak, the kingdom included Norway, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Shetland, Orkney and other smaller areas in the British Isles. The king had diplomatic relations with most of the European kingdoms and formed alliances with Scotland and Castile, large castles such as Haakons Hall and cathedrals, the foremost being Nidaros Cathedral, were built
3.
Sigrid Undset
–
Sigrid Undset was a Norwegian novelist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1928. Undset was born in Kalundborg, Denmark, but her family moved to Norway when she was two years old, in 1924, she converted to Catholicism. She fled Norway for the United States in 1940 because of her opposition to Nazi Germany and the German invasion and occupation of Norway, but returned after World War II ended in 1945. Her best-known work is Kristin Lavransdatter, a trilogy about life in Scandinavia in the Middle Ages and its three volumes were published between 1920 and 1922. Sigrid Undset was born on 20 May 1882 in the town of Kalundborg, Denmark, at the childhood home of her mother. Undset was the eldest of three daughters and she and her family moved to Norway when she was two. She grew up in the Norwegian capital, Oslo, when she was only 11 years old, her father, the Norwegian archaeologist Ingvald Martin Undset, died at the age of 40 after a long illness. She joined the Norwegian Authors Union in 1907 and from 1933 through 1935 headed its Literary Council, while employed at office work, Undset wrote and studied. She was 16 years old when she made her first attempt at writing a set in the Nordic Middle Ages. The manuscript, a novel set in medieval Denmark, was ready by the time she was 22. It was turned down by the publishing house, nonetheless, two years later, she completed another manuscript, much less voluminous than the first at only 80 pages. She had put aside the Middle Ages and had produced a realistic description of a woman with a middle-class background in contemporary Kristiania. This book was refused by the publishers at first but it was subsequently accepted. The title was Fru Marta Oulie, and the opening sentence scandalised readers, thus, at the age of 25, Undset made her literary debut with a short realistic novel on adultery, set against a contemporary background. It created a stir, and she found herself ranked as a young author in Norway. During the years up to 1919, Undset published a number of set in contemporary Kristiania. Her contemporary novels of the period 1907–1918 are about the city and they are stories of working people, of trivial family destinies, of the relationship between parents and children. Her main subjects are women and their love, or, as she herself put it—in her typically curt and ironic manner—the immoral kind
4.
1979 in Norway
–
Events in the year 1979 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Odvar Nordli Municipal and county elections are held throughout the country, bryggen and the Urnes stave church are designated by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. March - the planet Hoth scenes from the Hollywood film The Empire Strikes Back were filmed in the Hardangerjøkulen glacier, december 1 - During an episode of Jul i Skomakergata on NRK, Sandmännchen premieres on Norwegian television for the first time. Åge Rønning, writer and journalist, is awarded the Riksmål Society Literature Prize, nils Johan Rud, novelist, short story writer and magazine editor, is awarded the Dobloug Prize for Swedish and Norwegian fiction. Bjørg Vik, writer, playwright and journalist, is awarded the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature for the short stories En håndfull lengsel. 24 April – Tor Henning Hamre, footballer 25 April – Nils-Torolv Simonsen, rower 25 April – Martin Sjølie, pianist, songwriter and record producer 1 May – Lars Berger,13 June – Nila Håkedal, beach volleyball player. 31 August – Camilla Huse, footballer 3 September – Stian Eckhoff, biathlete
5.
1978 in Norway
–
Events in the year 1978 in Norway. All eighteen people on board are killed in the crash,28 August – At Hopen, Svalbard, a Soviet Tupolev Tu-16 aircraft accidentally crashes at the sides of Werenskioldfjellet. 7 September – Skateboarding is banned in Norway,22 October – Lillestrøm wins the 1978 Norwegian Football Cup final by beating Brann 2–1. Harald Sverdrup, poet and childrens writer, is awarded the Dobloug Prize literature award. B, sculptor Trond Frønes, musician Ray Kay, photographer 16 January – Otto Dahl, politician 16 January – Svein Helling, sport shooter 18 January – John Lyng, barrister and politician. 21 January – Olav Sundal, gymnast and Olympic silver medallist,21 February – Raoul Heide, fencer. 3 March – Georg Morgenstierne, linguist 13 March – Kaare Bache,1 April – Olaf Nygaard, cyclist 18 April – Alex Brinchmann, childrens physician and songwriter, novelist, playwright and crime writer. 25 April – Arne Rustadstuen, Nordic skier, Olympic bronze medallist and World Champion 4 May – Kolbjørn Fjeld, librarian,8 May – Klara Amalie Skoglund, politician 9 May – Halvor Bunkholt, politician 20 May – Bjarne Brustad, composer and violinist. 15 August – Viggo Brun, mathematician 15 August – Hartvig Kiran, poet,30 September – Eiliv Skard, classical philologist. 2 October – Sjur Johnsen, wrestler,15 October – Rolf Stenersen, track and field athlete, businessman, art collector, non-fiction writer, essayist, novelist, playwright and biographer. 17 October – Robert Giertsen, sailor 17 October – Sigurd Evensmo, author, poulsson, judge Lita Prahl, actress and costume designer Carl Søyland, newspaper editor
6.
Haakon VII of Norway
–
Haakon VII, known as Prince Carl of Denmark until 1905, was a Danish prince who became the first king of Norway after the 1905 dissolution of the union with Sweden. He reigned from November 1905 until his death in September 1957, as one of the few elected monarchs, Haakon quickly won the respect and affection of his people. He played a role in uniting the Norwegian nation in its resistance to the Nazi invasion. He became King of Norway before his father and older brother became kings of Denmark, during his reign, he saw his father, his brother and his nephew, Frederick IX, ascend the throne of Denmark, respectively in 1906,1912 and 1947. He died at the age of 85 on 21 September 1957 and he was succeeded by his only son, Olav V. Prince Carl of Denmark was the son of King Frederik VIII of Denmark. Furthermore, he was a brother of Christian X, a paternal grandson of King Christian IX of Denmark. Prince Carl was born at Charlottenlund Palace near Copenhagen and he belonged to the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg branch of the House of Oldenburg. The House of Oldenburg had been the Danish royal family since 1448, the house was originally from northern Germany, where the Glucksburg branch held their small fief. The family had permanent links with Norway beginning from the late Middle Ages, several of his paternal ancestors had been kings of independent Norway. Christian Frederick, who was King of Norway briefly in 1814, Prince Carl was raised in the royal household in Copenhagen and educated at the Royal Danish Naval Academy. Their son, Prince Alexander, the future Crown Prince Olav, was born on 2 July 1903, gradually, Prince Carl became the leading candidate, largely because he was descended from independent Norwegian kings. The new royal family of Norway left Denmark on the Danish royal yacht Dannebrog, at Oscarsborg Fortress, they boarded the Norwegian naval ship Heimdal. After a three-day journey, they arrived in Kristiania early on the morning of 25 November 1905, two days later, Haakon took the oath as Norways first independent king in 518 years. The coronation of Haakon and Maud took place in Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim on 22 June 1906, King Haakon gained much sympathy from the Norwegian people. Although the Constitution of Norway vests the King with considerable executive powers, Haakon confined himself to non-partisan roles without interfering in politics, a practice continued by his son and grandson. However, his long rule gave him moral authority as a symbol of the countrys unity. Haakon, Maud and Crown Prince Olav became interested in skiing and this sport is often viewed as typically Norwegian
7.
1991 in Norway
–
Events in the year 1991 in Norway. Monarch – Olav V – until his death on January 17, then Harald V Prime Minister – Gro Harlem Brundtland 17 January – Olav V, municipal and county elections are held throughout the country. 5 April – Nora Mørk, handball player,25 July – Amanda Kurtović, handball player. 17 January – Olav V of Norway, King of Norway 17 January – Alf Sanengen, resistance member, chemist, research administrator 25 January – Per Gjelten, Nordic skier. 5 February – Torgeir Andersen, politician 5 February – Tora Øyna, politician 7 February – Arne Randers Heen,17 May – Lars LAbée-Lund, police
8.
1998 in Norway
–
Events in the year 1998 in Norway. 7 October - Operations cease at Oslo Airport, Fornebu 8 October - The main airport serving Oslo is moved from the Fornebu airport to the all-new Gardermoen airport,17 December - Martin Ødegaard, footballer 8 January – Audun Hetland, illustrator. Sandsdalen, farmer, journalist, poet, novelist, playwright,18 July – Lars Mathias Hille Esmark, civil servant and business person in the tourist industry. 19 July - Rune Nilsen, triple jumper 26 July – Olav Bø,10 December - Trygve Haugeland, politician and Minister 31 December - Erling Norvik, politician Øystein Elgarøy, astronomer Yngvar Løchen, sociologist
9.
1988 in Norway
–
Events in the year 1988 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Gro Harlem Brundtland May 6 – Widerøe Flight 710, february 23 - Edvard Munchs painting Vampire was stolen from the Munch Museum in Oslo. July – Seal hunting inspector Odd F. Lindberg submits a highly critical report on the conditions of the hunt, with the national and international attention that follows this becomes arguably the biggest news story in Norway this year. August 15 –15 people are killed in the Måbødalen bus accident, august 21 - The Stolen Munch painting Vampire is retrieved. December 5 - TVNorge, the first advertising-supported Norwegian channel, begins its broadcasting, june 26 - Leonard Cohen concert at Kalvøya, Bærum. 12 April - Tone Damli Aaberge, singer,17 April - Pernille Wibe, team handball player
10.
1992 in Norway
–
Events in the year 1992 in Norway. 5 September - The Norwegian commercial television station TV2 has its first television broadcast,25 November – Norway applies for membership in the European Union. 16 December – The current version of the Norwegian coat of arms is approved,26 June – Harald Sverdrup, poet and childrens writer
11.
Prime Minister of Norway
–
For a list, see List of heads of government of Norway. The Prime Minister of Norway is the leader of Norway. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Monarch, to the Storting, to their political party, and ultimately the electorate. In practice, since it is impossible for a government to stay in office against the will of the Storting. Norway has a Constitution, which was adopted on 17 May 1814, the position of Prime Minister is the result of legislation. As of 2017, the Prime Minister of Norway is Erna Solberg, unlike their counterparts in the rest of Europe, Norwegian Prime Ministers do not have the option of advising the King to dissolve the Storting and call a snap election. The Constitution requires that the Storting serve out its full four-year term, if the Prime Minister loses the confidence of the Storting, he or she must resign. As of 2015 six former Prime Ministers are alive, Odvar Nordli born 3 November 1927, kåre Willoch born 3 October 1928, served 1981–1986. Gro Harlem Brundtland born 20 April 1939, served 1981, 1986–1989, kjell Magne Bondevik born 3 September 1947, served 1997–2000 and 2001–2005. Thorbjørn Jagland born 5 November 1950, served 1996–1997, jens Stoltenberg born 16 March 1959, served 2000–2001 and 2005–2013. List of Prime Ministers of Norway Regjeringskvartalet Government Official Homepage
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small}
