1.
1916 in art
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February 9 –6.00 p. m. – Tristan Tzara founds Dadaism. March 1 – Liljevalchs konsthall inaugurated in Stockholm, may 20 – Boy with Baby Carriage is Norman Rockwells first cover for The Saturday Evening Post. May – Muirhead Bone recruited as a war artist by the British War Propaganda Bureau, at the end of the year, his album of drawings The Western Front begins publication. June 16 – Cleveland Museum of Art opens, august 31 – Kestnergesellschaft founded in Hanover, Germany. September 19 – Edvard Munchs paintings for the Aula of Det Kongelige Frederiks Universitet, september 26 – C. R. W. Nevinsons first major single-artist exhibition opens in London. November – John Nash arrives with the Artists Rifles in France, vanessa Bells first single-artist exhibition is staged at Omega Workshops in London. Provincial Fine Arts Museum completed in Córdoba, Argentina, ezra Pound publishes Gaudier-Brzeska, A Memoir. W. R. W. Nevinson Archies The Doctor Dog-Tired French Troops Resting Matthew Smith – Fitzroy Street Nude No
2.
Reel
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A reel is an object around which lengths of another material are wound for storage. Generally a reel has a core and walls on the sides to retain the material wound around the core. In some cases the core is hollow, although other items may be mounted on it, the size of the core is dependent on several factors. A smaller core will obviously allow more material to be stored in a given space, however, there is a limit to how tightly the stored material can be wound without damaging it and this limits how small the core can be. Other issues affecting the core include, Mechanical strength of the core Acceptable turning speed any functional requirements of the core e. g. For a reel that must be mechanically turned the size of the grips that mount it on the mechanical turning device, the size of the mountings needed to support the core during unwinding. Anything mounted on the cores With material such as photographic film that is flat and long but is relatively wide, in cases where the material is more uniform in cross-section, the material may be safely wound around a reel that is wider than its width. In this case, several windings are needed to create a layer on the reel, most films have visible cues which mark the end of the reel. This allows projectionists running reel-to-reel to change over to the reel on the other projector. A so-called two-reeler would have run about 20–24 minutes since the short film shipped to a movie theater for exhibition may have had slightly less than 1,000 ft on it. Most modern projectionists use the term reel when referring to a 2, 000-foot two-reeler, as modern films are rarely shipped by single 1, a standard Hollywood movie averages about five 2000-foot reels in length. Had it not been standardized there would have many difficulties in the manufacture of the related equipment. A16 mm reel is 400 feet and it runs, at sound speed, approximately the same amount of time as a 1, 000-foot 35 mm reel. A split reel is a motion picture film reel in two halves that, when assembled, hold a specific length of motion picture film that has been wound on a plastic core. Using a split reel allows film to be shipped or handled in a lighter and smaller form than film would on a fixed reel, in silent film terminology, two films on one reel. Actors may submit a demo reel of their work to prospective employers, often in physical reel format
3.
1916 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1916. February 1 - Carl Nielsen conducts the première of his Symphony No, february 11 - Baltimore Symphony Orchestra presents its first concert. March 3 - The Original Dixieland Jass Band begin playing at Schillers Cafe in Chicago, Illinois, march 10 - Sir Hubert Parry writes the choral setting of William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time which becomes known as Jerusalem. April 28 - Edison Records carry out the first public comparison test between live and recorded singing voices at Carnegie Hall, featuring soprano Marie Rappold, june 5 - Steins Dixie Jass Band plays its first concert under its new name, the Original Dixieland Jass Band. August 3 - The musical comedy Chu Chin Chow, written, produced, directed and starring Oscar Asche, with music by Frederic Norton, premières at His Majestys Theatre in London. It will run for five years and a total of 2,238 performances, december - Wilbur Sweatman records his hot ragtime for Emerson Records in New York City. Gustav Holst completes composition of his orchestral suite The Planets, Op.32, sydney Conservatorium of Music in Australia accepts its first students. Soprano Hedy Iracema-Brügelmann is awarded the Charlottenkreuz, german soprano Vali von der Osten marries tenor Fritz Windgassen. Allahs Holiday w. Otto Harbach m, rudolf Friml And They Called It Dixieland w. Raymond Egan m. Richard A. Whiting Arrah Go On, Im Gonna Go Back To Oregon w. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young m, Bert Grant At Finnigans Ball w. m. Bert Lee Baby Shoes by Joe Goodwin Beale Street Blues w. m, James W. Tate & Frank Clifford Harris Bugle Call Rag w. m. Eubie Blake & Carey Morgan Bull Frog Blues Tom Brown, Guy Shrigley The Cobblers Song w. Oscar Asche m, cliff Hess The Honolulu Blues w. Grant Clarke & Eddie Cox m. James V. Monaco Hows Every Little Thing In Dixie. W. Jack Yellen m. Albert Gumble Hula Lou w. Edward Grossmith m. Ted D. Ward I Aint Got Nobody w. Roger Graham & Dave Peyton m, spencer Williams I Can Dance With Everybody But My Wife w. Joseph Cawthorn & John Golden m. John Golden I Sent My Wife To The Thousand Isles w. Andrew B, sterling & Ed Moran m. Harry von Tilzer I Want To Marry A Male Quartette w. Otto Harbach m. Rudolf Friml If I Knock The L Out Of Kelly w. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young m, If You Were the Only Girl w. Clifford Grey m. Nat D. Ayer Im Sorry I Made You Cry w. m. N. J. Clesi Ireland Must Be Heaven, Fred Fisher Ive A Shooting Box In Scotland w. m. Thomas Lawrason Riggs & Cole Porter Joe Turner Blues w. Walter Hirsch m. W. C, handy Katinka w. Otto Harbach m. Rudolf Friml Keep Your Eye On The Girlie You Love w. Howard Johnson & Alex Gerber m, ira Schuster The Laddies Who Fought And Won w. m
4.
1917 in film
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1917 in film was a particularly fruitful year for the art form, and is often cited as one of the years in the decade which contributed to the medium the most, along with 1913. Secondarily the year saw a limited global embrace of narrative film-making, primarily, the year is an American landmark, as 1917 is the first year where the narrative and visual style is typified as Classical Hollywood. February - Buster Keaton first meets Roscoe Fatty Arbuckle in New York and is hired as a co-star and gag man. April 23 - Release in the United States of the short The Butcher Boy, the first of Roscoe Fatty Arbuckles series of films with the Comique Film Corporation, april 25 - Thomas Lincoln Tally, in a meeting in New York, co-founds the First National Exhibitors Circuit. September 13 - Release in the United States of The Gulf Between, the first film made in Technicolor System 1, a two-color process. November 9 - Worlds first feature-length animated film is made in Argentina by Quirino Cristiani December 18 - Foundation of Universum Film AG, as a film company. Movette, another revision of the 17.5 mm film format, is made available, april 23 - The Butcher Boy, starring Fatty Arbuckle with Buster Keaton May 14 - A Romance of the Redwoods, directed by Cecil B. DeMille, starring Mary Pickford May 19 - One Law for Both directed by Ivan Abramson May 20 - Souls Triumphant, starring Lillian Gish May 21 - A Reckless Romeo, august 27 - The Little American, starring Mary Pickford, directed by Cecil B. September 22 - Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, starring Mary Pickford September 30 - Camille, a Fatty Arbuckle / Buster Keaton short. October 29 - Coney Island, a Fatty Arbuckle / Buster Keaton short. S
5.
1896 in film
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The following is an overview of the events of 1896 in film, including a list of films released and notable births. January - In the United States, the Vitascope film projector is designed by Charles Francis Jenkins, Armat begins working with Thomas Edison to manufacture it. January 14 - Birt Acres demonstrates his film projector, the Kineopticon and this is the first film show to an audience in the U. K. February 20 - In London, Robert W. Paul demonstrates his film projector, the Theatrograph, at the Alhambra Theatre. The Lumière Brothers first project their films in Britain, at the Empire Theatre of Varieties, april - Edison and Armats Vitascope is used to project motion pictures in public screenings in New York City. May 14 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia is crowned in Moscow, in France, magician and filmmaker Georges Méliès begins experimenting with the new motion picture technology, developing early special effect techniques, including stop motion. The Pathé Frères film company is founded, William Selig founds the Selig Polyscope Company in Chicago. Demeny-Gaumont work on a 60 mm format, first known as Biographe, casimir Sivan and E. Dalphin create a 38 mm format. H. Laddé The Haunted Castle, directed by Georges Méliès The Kiss, directed by William Heise, starring May Irwin, may be considered the first romantic film. H. Laddé Up the River, directed by Unknown The Vanishing Lady, directed by Georges Méliès Zwemplaats voor Jongelingen te Amsterdam, mantell 1896 in film playlist on YouTube
6.
1916 in architecture
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The year 1916 in architecture involved some significant events. Colony Club at Park Avenue & 62nd Streer in New York City by Delano & Aldrich with interiors by Elsie de Wolfe, later the East Coast school of the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, completed. Main building of St Hughs College, Oxford in England by Herbert Tudor Buckland, church of St Paul, Liverpool in England by Giles Gilbert Scott completed. Holland House in the City of London, designed by Hendrik Petrus Berlage, november - The Incorporation of Architects in Scotland founded in Edinburgh. Publication of the White Pine Series of Architectural Monographs is initiated, royal Gold Medal - Robert Rowand Anderson. Grand Prix de Rome, architecture, not held
7.
1916 in literature
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This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1916. January – The Journal of Negro History is founded by Carter G. Woodson, march 1 – Transfer of the National Library of Wales at Aberystwyth into its purpose-built premises is completed. March 22 – Marriage of J. R. R. Tolkien and Edith Bratt at St. Mary Immaculate Roman Catholic Church, Warwick and they will serve as the inspiration for the fictional characters Beren and Lúthien. Tolkien leaves for military service in France at the beginning of June, april–June – Katherine Mansfield and John Middleton Murry live as neighbours to D. H. and Frieda Lawrence at Higher Tregerthen, near Zennor in Cornwall. Of the seven leaders of the Rising, Thomas MacDonagh, Patrick Pearse and Joseph Plunkett are all poets and James Connolly a balladeer, the event is the theme of W. B. Yeats poem Easter,1916, first published this September, may 16 – Natsume Sōsekis novel Light and Darkness begins serialization in the Tokyo and Osaka editions of the newspaper Asahi Shimbun but will remain unfinished at the authors death on December 9. Future Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Harold Macmillan, wounded in Septembers Battle of Flers–Courcelette and sheltering in a slit trench, yeats makes his fifth and final proposal of marriage to the newly widowed Maud Gonne in France. Summer – In the United States 15-year-old Margaret Mitchell writes the manuscript of a novella called Lost Laysen in two notebooks and she will later give the manuscript to a boyfriend and the book remains lost until rediscovered in the mid-1990s and published in 1996. Meanwhile, Mitchell will go on to write Gone with the Wind, September – Joseph Conrads novella The Shadow Line commences serialization in both The English Review and the Metropolitan Magazine. October 19 – New building for the German National Library opens in Leipzig, December 29 – James Joyces semi-autobiographical novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is first published complete in book form in New York. July 1–12 – Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916, partial inspiration for Peter Benchleys novel Jaws, November – Aleksandr Solzhenitsyns novel November 1916 is set in the lead-up to the Russian Revolution
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