1.
Norway
–
The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a population of 5,258,317. The country shares a long border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway, erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution, the kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years, Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have an amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States, the country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the countrys gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the worlds largest producer of oil, the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIAs GDP per capita list which includes territories and some regions, from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2017, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking, Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report, the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index. Norway has two names, Noreg in Nynorsk and Norge in Bokmål. The name Norway comes from the Old English word Norðrveg mentioned in 880, meaning way or way leading to the north. In contrasting with suðrvegar southern way for Germany, and austrvegr eastern way for the Baltic, the Anglo-Saxon of Britain also referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. This was the area of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway, and because of him
2.
1918 in Norway
–
Events in the year 1918 in Norway. Monarch - Haakon VII Norsk Hydros artificial fertilizer production at Glomfjord is bought by the Norwegian government, in 1947 it is leased back to Hydro. This activity is today Yara International, the 1918 Parliamentary election takes place. 19 August - Bjørn Egge, military officer 8 September - Kjølv Egeland, politician 18 September – Berit Brænne, actress,8 October - Halfdan Hegtun, radio personality, comedian, writer and former politician 15 October – Rolf Schjerven, politician
3.
1920 in Norway
–
Events in the year 1920 in Norway. Monarch - Haakon VII9 February – The League of Nations gives Spitsbergen to Norway, 17–19 June – The Centre Party was founded. Aalesund ship is discovered embedded in the south of Ålesund. 29 March – Hans Methlie Michelsen, judge 4 April – Dagfinn Grønoset, author 8 April – Kristian Asdahl, politician 9 April – Otto Nes,10 April - Jakob Aano, politician 12 April – Audun Hetland, illustrator. Platou, electrical engineer and politician 13 July – Jens Christian Magnus, military officer and politician
4.
Monarchy of Norway
–
The Norwegian monarch is the monarchical head of state of Norway, which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system. The present monarch is King Harald V, who has reigned since 17 January 1991, succeeding his father, the heir apparent is his only son, Crown Prince Haakon. The crown prince undertakes various public functions, as does the kings wife. The crown prince also acts as regent in the kings absence, there are several other members of the Royal Family, including the kings daughter, grandchildren and siblings. Whilst the Constitution of Norway grants important executive powers to the King, formally the King appoints the government according to his own judgement, but parliamentary practice has been in place since 1884. Constitutional practice has replaced the meaning of the word King in most articles of the constitution from the king personally to the elected government. The powers vested in the monarch are significant, but are treated only as reserve powers, the King does not, by convention, have direct participation in government. He ratifies laws and royal resolutions, receives and sends envoys from and to foreign countries and he has a more tangible influence as the symbol of national unity. The annual New Years Eve speech is one occasion when the King traditionally raises negative issues, the King is also Supreme Commander of the Norwegian Armed Forces and Grand Master of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav and of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit. The King has no role in the Church of Norway. The position of King of Norway has been in existence since the unification of Norway in 872. In recent years members of the Socialist Left party have proposed the abolition of the monarchy during each new session of parliament and this gives the Norwegian monarchy the unique status of being a popularly elected royal family and receiving regular formal confirmations of support from the Storting. Prior to and in the phase of the Viking Age Norway was divided into several smaller kingdoms. Harald Fairhair was the first king of Norway, the boundaries of Fairhairs kingdom were not identical to those of present-day Norway, and upon his death the kingship was shared among his sons. Some historians emphasise the actual control over the country and assert that Olaf II, alias Saint Olaf. Olaf is generally held to have been the force behind Norways final conversion to Christianity. In the 12th and 13th centuries the Norwegian kingdom was at its geographical and cultural peak, the kingdom included Norway, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Shetland, Orkney and other smaller areas in the British Isles. The king had diplomatic relations with most of the European kingdoms and formed alliances with Scotland and Castile, large castles such as Haakons Hall and cathedrals, the foremost being Nidaros Cathedral, were built
5.
Haakon VII of Norway
–
Haakon VII, known as Prince Carl of Denmark until 1905, was a Danish prince who became the first king of Norway after the 1905 dissolution of the union with Sweden. He reigned from November 1905 until his death in September 1957, as one of the few elected monarchs, Haakon quickly won the respect and affection of his people. He played a role in uniting the Norwegian nation in its resistance to the Nazi invasion. He became King of Norway before his father and older brother became kings of Denmark, during his reign, he saw his father, his brother and his nephew, Frederick IX, ascend the throne of Denmark, respectively in 1906,1912 and 1947. He died at the age of 85 on 21 September 1957 and he was succeeded by his only son, Olav V. Prince Carl of Denmark was the son of King Frederik VIII of Denmark. Furthermore, he was a brother of Christian X, a paternal grandson of King Christian IX of Denmark. Prince Carl was born at Charlottenlund Palace near Copenhagen and he belonged to the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg branch of the House of Oldenburg. The House of Oldenburg had been the Danish royal family since 1448, the house was originally from northern Germany, where the Glucksburg branch held their small fief. The family had permanent links with Norway beginning from the late Middle Ages, several of his paternal ancestors had been kings of independent Norway. Christian Frederick, who was King of Norway briefly in 1814, Prince Carl was raised in the royal household in Copenhagen and educated at the Royal Danish Naval Academy. Their son, Prince Alexander, the future Crown Prince Olav, was born on 2 July 1903, gradually, Prince Carl became the leading candidate, largely because he was descended from independent Norwegian kings. The new royal family of Norway left Denmark on the Danish royal yacht Dannebrog, at Oscarsborg Fortress, they boarded the Norwegian naval ship Heimdal. After a three-day journey, they arrived in Kristiania early on the morning of 25 November 1905, two days later, Haakon took the oath as Norways first independent king in 518 years. The coronation of Haakon and Maud took place in Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim on 22 June 1906, King Haakon gained much sympathy from the Norwegian people. Although the Constitution of Norway vests the King with considerable executive powers, Haakon confined himself to non-partisan roles without interfering in politics, a practice continued by his son and grandson. However, his long rule gave him moral authority as a symbol of the countrys unity. Haakon, Maud and Crown Prince Olav became interested in skiing and this sport is often viewed as typically Norwegian
6.
Bratsberg Line
–
The Bratsberg Line is a 74-kilometre long railway line between Eidanger and Notodden in Telemark, Norway. It opened in 1917, connecting the Tinnos Line, the Sørland Line, since 1991 only passenger trains are operated, using Y1 stock by Norges Statsbaner. The railway is single track and features Norways tallest railway bridge and it is owned by the Norwegian National Rail Administration Norges Statsbaner operates three Y1 diesel railcars between Notodden and Porsgrunn each hour. The route is on contract with the county through the transit authority Vestviken Kollektivtrafikk, NSB uses diesel traction despite the railway being electrified. The need for a line from Notodden to Skien was driven forward by two key circumstances, the need for a railway to replace the Telemark Canal, and the construction of the Sørlandet Line. At the time many wanted to expand the canal instead of building a railway—to allow ocean-going vessels to enter the port at Notodden. Plans were launched by Sigurd Kloumann in 1911, but rejected by the management of Norsk Hydro who preferred a continual railway line, the Sørland Line was intended to follow an inland route, and have several branch lines out to the most important cities—including Skien and Notodden. At Skien Bratsbergbanen would connect to the Vestfold Line that continues to Porsgrunn, the Bratsberg Line would run as part of the Sørland Line between Hjuksebø to Nordagutu, branching off at those two stations. There were two proposed routes, running on each side of the lake Norsjø, the western route would be 55 km, while the eastern routes would be 76 km via Gvarv and 94 via Lunde. The proposal for the Bratsberg Line was to incorporate the Tinnos Line, private investors would be allowed to sign shares for 5.9 million in preferred shares. As a result, NSB would have to guarantee a dividend of five percent to the private owners. Parliament instead suggested that NSB be given the shares, and all new equity be signed by the state. Budget exceeding would be covered by new shares sold to the state, the final decision to build the line was made by parliament on 25 July 1913. An agreement with Norsk Transport was made on 4 October 1913, construction started in 1913, with cost estimates at NOK11.1 million, higher wages, inflation, lack of work force and geological difficulties around Skien pressed the final cost to NOK21.9 million. The line was built with electric traction—just like the Tinnos Line, in Skien a controversy concerning the location of the new station arose, many locals claimed the station was too far out of the city and the stating was moved back to the old location in 1927. Regular traffic started 4 December 1916, but the opening was not until 17 December 1917. The branch Brevik Line was completed on 16 June 1921, while the line to Herøya was not completed until 1952. Norsk Transport retained ownership of the Rjukan Line and operated the railway ferries, the passenger and general cargo transport on the line was not profitable, and Norsk Hydro had to subsidize this through higher fees on their freight
7.
Eidanger
–
Eidanger is a rural parish and former municipality of Porsgrunn, in Telemark County, Norway. Eidanger was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 and it was merged with Porsgrunn on 1 January 1964. The main part of Eidanger is a peninsula between the Eidangerfjord and the Frierfjord, another major industry is Heistad Fabrikker, which makes products for diabetics. Isola maintains its office and administration office in Eidanger. Isola has two factories in this area where bitumen-based products and steel roofing tiles are manufactured, Eidanger church is located in the former Eidanger municipality. The church was originally a simple stone church in the Romanesque style. The church was extended in 1787 and received a new sacristy in 1981, the altarpiece, stained glass and the pulpit is from 1991 and made by Terje Grøstad. The baptismal font is of stone and is from the 1890s, the church has two bells, one from 1720 and one from 1940. The Old Norse form of the name was Eiðangr, the first element is eið n isthmus, neck of land, the last element is angr m fjord
8.
Notodden
–
Notodden is a city and municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is part of the region of Øst-Telemark. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Notodden, Notodden was separated from the municipality of Heddal in 1913 to become a separate city and municipality. On 1 January 1964, the municipalities of Heddal and Gransherad were merged into Notodden to form a new enlarged municipality. Notodden is on the shore of Heddalsvatnet lake, and the Tinn River runs through the town into the lake, norways biggest stave church, Heddal stave church, can be seen a few kilometres from the city centre. Notodden Airport, Tuven, is located west of the city centre, Norsk Hydro was founded in this town. Notodden is well known for the annual Notodden Blues Festival, which is considered one of the best blues festivals in Europe and it also has a well-known metal festival called Motstøy Festivalen. The football club Notodden FK is headquartered here, the first element of the name is not which means to fish using a seine and the last element is the finite form of odde meaning headland. Thus the general meaning of the name is the fishing place, the coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 11 August 1939, the arms show a silver-colored river and four lightning strikes. One of the first hydroelectric stations in Norway was established in the late 19th century at the Tinnfoss waterfall on the Tinn River. In 2008, Notodden city council decided to end the twin city agreements with Ilisalmi, Nyköping, at the same time Suwałki was approved as a new twin city. Composer Klaus Egge, born 1906 in Gransherad, also lived in Notodden, olympic gold medalist Ådne Søndrål was born in Notodden. American blues musician Seasick Steve, who is achieving fame in the United Kingdom, Norwegian blues musician Margit Bakken and painter and author Tor-Arne Moen also live in Notodden. One of the most influential Norwegian black metal bands, Emperor, came from Notodden, as does Mortiis, Peccatum, Star of ash, Leprous, emperors singer, Ihsahn, still resides in Notodden. Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway Notodden travel guide from Wikivoyage Notodden on Flickr 1908 in Notodden, Of course the workers must have houses, from Norsk Hydro
9.
2001 in Norway
–
Events in the year 2001 in Norway. Monarch – Harald V Prime Minister – Jens Stoltenberg until 19 October, Kjell Magne Bondevik 26 January, marches take place simultaneously all over Norway. 25 March – The Schengen Agreement treaty comes into force in Norway,18 June - The state-owned oil and gas company Statoil is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. August – The Bratsberg Line in Nedre Telemark closes down,25 August – Wedding of Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway, and Mette-Marit Tjessem Høiby. 10 September – The 2001 Parliamentary election takes place, the Labour Party won a plurality of votes and seats, closely followed by the Conservative Party. 19 October – Bondeviks Second Cabinet was appointed,3 November – Population Census,4,520,900 inhabitants in Norway. 17 November – Eurasian harvest mouse is observed in Norway for the first time, haave, politician 14 June – Andreas Wormdahl, politician 2 July – Fredrik Stabel, illustrator and satirical writer. 18 November – Roar Hauglid, art historian,1 December – Olav Mosebekk, illustrator and painter
10.
Rosenborg BK
–
Rosenborg Ballklub is a Norwegian professional football club from Trondheim that plays in the Eliteserien. Rosenborg is Norways most successful team, having won a record 24 league titles, eleven Norwegian Football Cup titles, RBK play their home games at the all-seater Lerkendal Stadion which has a capacity of 21,400. Kåre Ingebrigtsen was appointed coach in July 2014. The club was founded as Odd in 1917 but were not allowed to play league matches until 1928. They reached the League of Norway in 1937–38, but were relegated to lower divisions during the 1940s, the club moved to Lerkendal in 1957 and their first title was the 1960 Cup, resulting in their first participation in a UEFA tournament. It was not until the 1960s that RBK was established as Trondheims leading football team, in 1967 RBK was promoted to the top league where they, except for the 1978 season, have remained ever since. They won three titles between 1967 and 1971. The clubs golden era started with the 1985 league title, from 1991 through 2004 the team won 13 consecutive titles,10 under manager Nils Arne Eggen. During this period, they participated in the group stage of Champions League 11 times. On 19 May 1917,12 young men from Rosenborg in Trondheim founded Sportsklubben Odd, the name Odd was a tribute to Odd of Skien, the most successful team in Norway at the time. Odd spent their first few years playing against other teams before attempting to join the regional series in 1920. As with most of the clubs formed at the time. Since many of players also played for the bigger teams. As the years went by, disillusioned players began leaving the club, a year later they were set for entry into the Football Association of Norway, but their entry was blocked as the association refused to have two member clubs with the same name. The club therefore took on its current name, Rosenborg Ballklub, Rosenborg is a mainly residential area in Trondheim. Rosenborg enjoyed little success at first, moving constantly between the divisions of the regional series. Yet their performance was improving and in 1931 the team qualified for the highest level and it was also at this time that Rosenborg started planning for a new home ground at Lerkendal, although this project was not completed until after World War II. In 1960 Rosenborg progressed all the way to the cup final where they faced Odd and it took a rematch to decide the winner, but Rosenborg were able to claim their first trophy
11.
Knut Hamsun
–
Knut Hamsun was a major Norwegian writer, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1920. Hamsuns work spans more than 70 years and shows variation with regard to the subject, perspective and he published more than 20 novels, a collection of poetry, some short stories and plays, a travelogue, and some essays. The young Hamsun objected to realism and naturalism and he argued that the main object of modernist literature should be the intricacies of the human mind, that writers should describe the whisper of blood, and the pleading of bone marrow. Hamsun is considered the leader of the Neo-Romantic revolt at the turn of the 20th century, with such as Hunger, Mysteries, Pan. His later works—in particular his Nordland novels—were influenced by the Norwegian new realism, portraying life in rural Norway and often employing local dialect, irony. Hamsun is considered to be one of the most influential and innovative literary stylists of the past hundred years, isaac Bashevis Singer called Hamsun the father of the modern school of literature in his every aspect—his subjectiveness, his fragmentariness, his use of flashbacks, his lyricism. The whole modern school of fiction in the twentieth century stems from Hamsun, on August 4,2009, the Knut Hamsun Centre was opened in Hamarøy. Since 1916, several of Hamsuns works have been adapted into motion pictures, Knut Hamsun was born as Knud Pedersen in Lom in the Gudbrandsdal valley of Norway. He was the son of Tora Olsdatter and Peder Pedersen. When he was three, the moved to Hamsund, Hamarøy in Nordland. They were poor and an uncle had invited them to farm his land for him, at nine Knut was separated from his family and lived with his uncle Hans Olsen, who needed help with the post office he ran. Olsen used to beat and starve his nephew, and Hamsun later stated that his chronic nervous difficulties were due to the way his uncle treated him. In 1874 he finally escaped back to Lom, for the five years he did any job for money, he was a store clerk, peddler, shoemakers apprentice, sheriffs assistant. At 17 he became an apprentice, at about the same time he started to write. He asked businessman Erasmus Zahl to give him significant monetary support, Hamsun later used Zahl as a model for the character Mack appearing in his novels Pan, Dreamers, and Benoni and Rosa. He spent several years in America, traveling and working at various jobs, working all those odd jobs paid off, and he published his first book about it, Den Gaadefulde, En Kjærlighedshistorie fra Nordland. In his second novel Bjørger, he attempted to imitate Bjørnstjerne Bjørnsons writing style of the Icelandic saga narrative, the melodramatic story follows a poet Bjørger and his love for Laura. This book was published under the pseudonym Knud Pedersen Hamsund and this book later served as the basis for Victoria, En Kærligheds Historie
12.
Olav Duun
–
Olav Duun was a noteworthy author of Norwegian fiction. He is generally recognized to be one of the outstanding writers in Norwegian literature. He once lacked only one vote to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, Duun was born in the traditional district Ytre Namdal, on Jøa an island in the Namsen Fjord in Fosnes municipality, Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. His parents were Johannes Antonius Duun and Ellen Duun, Olav Duun was born Ole Johannesen Raaby. Duun was the oldest in a family of eight siblings, during his years as a boy his family lived at several farms on the island, the last one being Duun. He adopted the last name Duun when he left the island to start his training as a teacher and he attended the state school at Trøndelag. In 1901, Duun took a position as a teacher at Levanger in Nord-Trøndelag county. He completed the graduate teacher examination in 1904, in 1908, he was hired by the Ramberg school at Botne in Vestfold, where he combined teaching profession with writing poetry. He worked as a teacher in Holmestrand until 1927, at the age of fifty, he retired in order to devote his time to writing. Duun was known as one of the writers of 20th-century Norwegian fiction. He stands as a synthesis of the Norwegian folk spirit. Duun wrote in Landsmål, an amalgam of peasant dialects that developed into Nynorsk, in the period 1907-38 he published 25 novels, four short story collections and two childrens books. Many of his books incorporate the dialects of his subjects, peasants, fishermen and his novels analyze the psychological and spiritual characteristics of rural, peasant life. The most notable works are his six volume, The People of Juvik and this work was translated into English and published as, The Trough of the Waves, The Blind Man, The Big Wedding, Odin in Fairyland, Odin Grows Up and Storm. Olav and Emma Duuns House is the residence of Olav Duun and his wife Emma. There is a library containing manuscripts, letters, and other related to the writing career of Olav Duun. The first floor is at the disposal of recipients of the Duun Scholarship, in the garden, a memorial park has been constructed containing commemorative rocks with lyrical quotes from Olav Duun’s poems. The address is 20 Olav Duun Street
13.
Skoggangsmand
–
Skoggangsmand is a novel from 1917, the debut novel of Norwegian writer Mikkjel Fønhus. The story is set in rural Norway, the main character is a wild tempered young boy Hans Trefothaugen, who gets involved in fights and a stabbing, and ends up as an outlaw living in the forests. While enjoying the independent way of life in the wilderness, he is also desperately longing for the woman Ingrid Ødden, whom he knew from their childhood, after various conflicts with the village people Hans eventually ends up being caught and brought to prison. The legend about the Hedal Church is embedded in the story, during the Black Death, in the middle of the 14th century, the valley Hedal was depopulated, and the valley became a wilderness. A hunter, a living and hiding in the forest, one day shot an arrow after a capercaillie. Entering the church, there was bear at the altar, the hunter subsequently settled at a deserted farm south of the church. The gathering Hedalsmessa, held at Michaelmas, is an event in the novel. The book received attention by contemporary critics in Norway. It was received with enthusiasm by the later Danish Nobel laureate Johannes V. Jensen, Jensen pointed at the similarities between Fønhus picturing of the wilderness, and the international genre of wilderness writing. Fønhus literary breakthrough came with his books, first the story collection Der Vildmarken suser
14.
1989 in Norway
–
Events in the year 1989 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Gro Harlem Brundtland until 16 October, Jan P. Syse 30 March – The Oseberg oil field,1 June – Pope John Paul II visited Norway for the first time. This was the first time a pope has ever visited Norway,9 May - the ban on Skateboarding in Norway, which was in act since 1978, is removed. 7 July – The opening of the Atlanterhavsveien Road,8 September – A Norwegian passenger plane crashed outside Hirtshals. All the 55 on board died,11 September – The 1989 Parliamentary election takes place. 9 October – The opening of the Sami Parliament of Norway,16 October – Gro Harlem Brundtland resigns, with her cabinet, as Prime Minister of Norway for the second time. 16 October – Syses Cabinet was appointed,3 November - Torgeir Bryn becomes the first Norwegian to play in the NBA, when he played 2 minutes for the Los Angeles Clippers against Houston Rockets
15.
Tor Aspengren
–
Ivar Tor Aspengren was a Norwegian laborer, trade unionist and politician for the Labour Party. He led the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions from 1969 to 1977 and he was born in Nydalen, Aker as a son of Swedish immigrant Gothard Aspengren, who worked at Christiania Spigerverk, and cleaner Thora Aspengren. His father died from an accident when Tor Aspengren was eight years old. Nonetheless, he started working there at age 14, and remained there from 1931 to 1948 and he joined the local trade union Norwegian Union of Iron and Metal Workers already in 1931. He also practiced sports in Nydalen AIL. In 1947 he became chairman of the Oslo branch of the Union of Iron. He was hired to work for the union in 1949, from 1949 to 1951 and 1959 to 1979 he was also a central board member of the Norwegian Labour Party. In October 1958 he succeeded Josef Larsson as chairman of the Union of Iron and Metal Workers, from 1966 to 1969 he was the deputy leader of the national trade union center Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions, and from 1969 to 1977 he was their leader. From 1988 to 1991 he was a representative in Oslo city council and he was married to Palma Myklebust, and he died in June 2004 in Oslo
16.
2004 in Norway
–
Events in the year 2004 in Norway. 19 January – The freighter MS Rocknes capsizes in Vatlestraumen,26 March – Norsk Hydros fertilizer business was spun off as a separately stock-listed company under the name of Yara International. 4 April – NOKAS robbery, the NOKAS teller central in Stavanger was robbed, the outcome of the robbery was approximately NOK57,4 million, making it the largest robbery in Norwegian history. A policeman was shot and killed during the robbery,15 June – The Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training is created. 20 June – The first edition of Skolelinux is released,22 August – Armed robbers steal Edvard Munchs The Scream, Madonna, and other paintings from the Munch Museum in Oslo, Norway. 6 March – Selection of the participant for Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004,20 July – Maria Mena performs Youre the Only One on Late Show with David Letterman. 21 January – Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway, the daughter of Crown Prince Haakon of Norway,13 January – Arne Næss, Jr
17.
1991 in Norway
–
Events in the year 1991 in Norway. Monarch – Olav V – until his death on January 17, then Harald V Prime Minister – Gro Harlem Brundtland 17 January – Olav V, municipal and county elections are held throughout the country. 5 April – Nora Mørk, handball player,25 July – Amanda Kurtović, handball player. 17 January – Olav V of Norway, King of Norway 17 January – Alf Sanengen, resistance member, chemist, research administrator 25 January – Per Gjelten, Nordic skier. 5 February – Torgeir Andersen, politician 5 February – Tora Øyna, politician 7 February – Arne Randers Heen,17 May – Lars LAbée-Lund, police
18.
1998 in Norway
–
Events in the year 1998 in Norway. 7 October - Operations cease at Oslo Airport, Fornebu 8 October - The main airport serving Oslo is moved from the Fornebu airport to the all-new Gardermoen airport,17 December - Martin Ødegaard, footballer 8 January – Audun Hetland, illustrator. Sandsdalen, farmer, journalist, poet, novelist, playwright,18 July – Lars Mathias Hille Esmark, civil servant and business person in the tourist industry. 19 July - Rune Nilsen, triple jumper 26 July – Olav Bø,10 December - Trygve Haugeland, politician and Minister 31 December - Erling Norvik, politician Øystein Elgarøy, astronomer Yngvar Løchen, sociologist
19.
1965 in Norway
–
Events in the year 1965 in Norway. The case remained unsolved despite the media coverage and public interest in the matter. 13 September – The 1965 Parliamentary election takes place,12 October - Per Borten becomes Prime Minister of Norway 12 October – Bortens Cabinet was appointed. Norsk Hydro joins Elf Aquitaine and six other French companies to form Petronord to perform search for oil, kirsti Sparboe wins the Melodi Grand Prix, singing Karusell by Jolly Kramer-Johansen
20.
1976 in Norway
–
Events in the year 1976 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Trygve Bratteli until 15 January,18 January – A6. 2-magnitude earthquake occurs in Svalbard. 25 May - Conscription age in Norway is lowered from 20 to 19 years of age, karin Bang, poet and novelist, is awarded the Aschehoug Prize literature award. Finn Carling, novelist, playwright, poet and essayist, is awarded the Gyldendals Endowment literature prize, ekornes, businessperson Ludvig G. Sverdrup, civil engineer and military officer in America
21.
Sverre Bratland
–
Sverre Bratland was a Norwegian military leader. He grew up at a farm in Utskarpen in Rana, and he was of sergeant rank when Norway was invaded by Germany on 9 April 1940. His garrison was ordered to fight with the outbreak of the Narvik campaign, Bratland first fought in the Battle of Gratangen. In the next month he was stationed in Bodø, where he was wounded during a German air attack and he fled to England via Sweden in 1942, and was subsequently commissioned into the British Army, in the 4th Battalion of the Kings Shropshire Light Infantry. He would serve in Normandy, landing on 13 June 1944 and he was injured in the Battle for Caen, but quickly returned to the field. On 22 September 1944, during the crossing of key canals in the Netherlands, Bratland led an attack near Asten. When approaching Germany, he headed a company, however he was gravely injured on 5 April 1945, and remained hospitalized until the wars end. Bratland was also awarded the St. Olavs Medal With Oak Branch and he was appointed Chevalier de la Légion dhonneur in 1980. He went on to have a career in the Norwegian army after the war. He served as chief of the Brigade in South Norway from 1961 to 1964. He then served as acting chief of staff of the NATO North Command before serving as commander of forces in South Norway from 1977 to 1982. He attained the rank of Colonel in 1966 and Major-General in 1972, after retirement he worked part-time at the Norwegian Military Academy. He also visited Normandy several times with various delegations
22.
Atle Selberg
–
Atle Selberg was a Norwegian mathematician known for his work in analytic number theory, and in the theory of automorphic forms, in particular bringing them into relation with spectral theory. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1950, Selberg was born in Langesund, Norway, the son of teacher Anna Kristina Selberg and mathematician Ole Michael Ludvigsen Selberg. Two of his brothers went on to become mathematicians as well. During the war he fought against the German invasion of Norway and he studied at the University of Oslo and completed his Ph. D. in 1943. During World War II, Selberg worked in isolation due to the German occupation of Norway, after the war his accomplishments became known, including a proof that a positive proportion of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function lie on the line ℜ =12. After the war, he turned to sieve theory, a previously neglected topic which Selbergs work brought into prominence. In a 1947 paper he introduced the Selberg sieve, a well adapted in particular to providing auxiliary upper bounds. In 1948 Selberg submitted two papers in Annals of Mathematics in which he proved by means the theorems for primes in arithmetic progression. This challenged the widely held view of his time that certain theorems are only obtainable with the methods of complex analysis. For his fundamental accomplishments during the 1940s, Selberg received the 1950 Fields Medal, Selberg moved to the United States and settled at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey in the 1950s where he remained until his death. During the 1950s he worked on introducing spectral theory into number theory, culminating in his development of the Selberg trace formula and he was awarded the 1986 Wolf Prize in Mathematics. He was also awarded an honorary Abel Prize in 2002, its founding year, Selberg received many distinctions for his work in addition to the Fields Medal, the Wolf Prize and the Gunnerus Medal. He was elected to the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, in 1972 he was awarded an honorary degree, doctor philos. Honoris causa, at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, later part of Norwegian University of Science, Selberg had two children, Ingrid Selberg and Lars Selberg. Ingrid Selberg is married to playwright Mustapha Matura and he died at home in Princeton on 6 August 2007 of heart failure. Baas, Nils A. Skau, Christian F, the lord of the numbers, Atle Selberg. Doi,10. 1090/S0273-0979-08-01223-8 Interview with Selberg Hejhal, Dennis, notices of the American Mathematical Society. Atle Selberg Archive webpage Obituary at IAS Obituary in The Times Atle Selbergs private archive exists at NTNU University Library Dorabiblioteket
23.
2007 in Norway
–
Events in the year 2007 in Norway. Monarch – Harald V Prime Minister – Jens Stoltenberg 13 January – The Greek ship Server breaks in half off the Norwegian coast,15 January – TV2 Nyhetskanalen starts broadcasting and becomes Norways first 24-hour news channel. 9 March – Gerd-Liv Valla resigns as the leader of the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions,10 March – Workers Communist Party and Red Electoral Alliance, as well as their common youth organization Red Youth, merge to become the Red Party. 12 March – In a radio interview on NRK P3, painter Marianne Aulie names two people who attempted to drug and rape her,3 April – A 41-year-old man admits to have killed Inger Johanne Apenes in 1978 as a 13-year-old. 26–27 April – NATO summit in Oslo,30 April – A 35-year-old woman and her 7-year-old niece is found murdered in Overhalla, Nord-Trøndelag. The womans ex-husband was later arrested for the murder,17 May – Docks located in Trondheim is completely destroyed in a fire. 23 August – Per Ditlev-Simonsen resigned as mayor of Oslo after it was revealed that he held a secret Swiss bank account for which he did not pay the Norwegian wealth tax on,10 September – Municipal and county elections are held throughout the country. 1 October – The merging of the oil businesses between the two Norwegian companies Norsk Hydro and Statoil, to form StatoilHydro, which was announced in December 2006, is completed. 24 November –3 people are killed and 24 are injured when a bus overturns in the Verdal municipality,28 November – Terra Securities files for bankruptcy as a result of the Terra Securities scandal. 1 December – The Lofoten Mainland Connection officially opens, giving access to Lofoten from the surrounding municipalities. 12 December – Statfjord oil spill, thousands of tonnes of oil were spilled into the North Sea during the loading of a tanker at the Statfjord oil field, the spill, estimated at 21,750 barrels, was Norways second largest ever oil spill. 30 December – Five people were injured after an explosion in a residential building in Lund, Rogaland. The explosion occurred due to tampering with fireworks, Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 20072 February – The Junior Olsen Gang and the Silver Mine Mystery, directed by Arne Lindtner Næss, was released in Norway. 23 February – USA vs. Al-Arian, directed by Line Halvorsen, was released in Norway,2 March – Mirush, directed by Marius Holst, was released in Norway. 30 March – On a Tightrope, directed by Petr Lom, was released in Norway, the film was awarded Grand Prix at the Chicago International Documentary Film Festival 2007. 18 July – Sigurd Kalheim, politician 25 July – Bjørn Egge, military officer 27 July – Arnt Gudleik Hagen, politician 6 August – Atle Selberg, mathematician
24.
1986 in Norway
–
Events in the year 1986 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Kåre Willoch until 9 May,9 May – Brundtlands Second Cabinet was appointed. Norsk Hydro acquires Årdal og Sunndal Verk in a merger to create the metal division Hydro Aluminium. 10 March - Jon Aaraas, ski jumper,8 October - Camilla Herrem, handball player
25.
Ebba Haslund
–
Ebba Margareta Haslund Halvorsen was a Norwegian novelist, writer of short stories, playwright, essayist, childrens writer, literary critic, radio speaker and politician. Haslund was born in Seattle, Washington as the daughter of Frantz Philip Haslund, Haslund has described her father as an adventurer, and they travelled regularly during her early life. She became a student in 1935, and studied languages in both England, Germany and France before World War II and she graduated from the University of Oslo in 1941 with the cand. philol. In 1940 she married businessman Sverre Fjeld Halvorsen, who was imprisoned at Grini and in Poland during World War II, Haslund used to live in Blommenholm, but died, aged 91, in Oslo. Haslund made her debut in 1945 with the short story collection Også vi –. The following year came the publication of her first novel, Siste halvår, the independent continuation Det hendte ingenting was virtually ignored by the press at the time, but has later been regarded as one of her most important books. The novel depicts a possible lesbian dream and it was translated into English in 1987, with the title Nothing Happened. Hafslunds literary breakthrough was proclaimed with the emerging of Middag hos Molla, Haslund has written several audio plays for radio. Her debut as playwright was the audio play Himmelsk dilemma and her play Kjære Nils was awarded a prize for best audio play for children. She was a member of the Writers Guild of Norway from 1961 to 1967. She has written books for children and youth, such as Frøken Askeladd, Barskinger på Brånåsen. A selection of her essays is found in the collections Født til klovn, Kvinner, fins de. and she has also written three memoir books, Som plommen i egget, Med vingehest i manesjen and Ikke naken, ikke kledd. She worked as a critic for Aftenposten from 1970 to 1990. She was a columnist in several newspapers, including Klassekampen and Budstikka, Haslund was board member of the Norwegian branch of International PEN from 1955 to 1957, and vice chairman from 1964 to 1967. In the Norwegian Authors Union she was a member from 1966 to 1970, vice chairman from 1970 to 1971. She received honorary membership in the Norwegian Authors Union in 1975, for the rest of her life she was the only honorary member of the Association for Womens Rights. She was a member of the board of Riksteateret from 1969 to 1977, a member of the Norwegian Language Council from 1976 to 1980 and she was also a board member of Klassekampen. Haslund served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo during the term 1958–1961 and she took John Lyngs seat while he served as Prime Minister between August and September 1963
