1918 Christmas crisis
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The 1918 Christmas crisis was a brief battle between the socialist revolutionary Volksmarinedivision and regular German army units on 24 December 1918 during the German Revolution of 1918–19. It grew
Machine gun position of the Volksmarinedivision in front of the Neptune Fountain at the Berlin Palace, December 1918
Berlin Palace on a postcard, between 1890 and 1900
Council of the People's Deputies after 30 December 1918, when the USPD members were replaced. From left: Otto Landsberg, Philipp Scheidemann, Gustav Noske, Friedrich Ebert, Rudolf Wissell.
Otto Wels, at the time military commander of Berlin
The Council of the People's Deputies was the provisional government of Germany during the first part of the German Revolution, from 10 November 1918 to 13 February 1919. Formed initially by three memb
The Council of the People's Deputies after the USPD pulled out on 29 December 1918 (from left to right): Philipp Scheidemann, Otto Landsberg, Friedrich Ebert, Gustav Noske, Rudolf Wissell
Erich Ludendorff in 1918. He made the initial decision to have the democratic parties in the Empire take the blame for the lost war.
Prince Maximilian von Baden, the last chancellor of the German Empire
Hugo Haase, the USPD co-chair of the original Council of the People's Deputies