1.
Oregon Ducks football
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The Oregon Ducks football program is a college football team for the University of Oregon, located in the U. S. state of Oregon. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference, known as the Ducks, the team was commonly called the Webfoots until the mid-1960s. The first football team was fielded in 1894, Oregon plays its home games at the 54,000 seat Autzen Stadium in Eugene, its main rivals are the Oregon State Beavers and the Washington Huskies. The Ducks and Beavers historically end each regular season with the Civil War rivalry game in late November, the football program began in 1894 and played its first game on March 24,1894, defeating Albany College 44–3 under head coach Cal Young. Cal Young left after that first game and J. A, church took over the coaching position in the fall for the rest of the season. Oregon finished the season with two losses and a tie, but went undefeated the following season, winning all four of its games under head coach Percy Benson. In 1899, the team left the state for the first time, playing the California Golden Bears in Berkeley. Oregons largest margin of victory came in 1910 when they defeated the University of Puget Sound 115–0, Bezdek, Oregons first truly professional coach, led the team from 1913 through 1917. A versatile motivator of athletes, during his tenure Bezdek was also the West Coast scout for the Pittsburgh Pirates, in the 1916 season, Oregon went undefeated with seven wins and one tie under Bezdek, shutting out all their opponents except California. They opened the season against Willamette University, defeating them 97–0, the game against Washington ended in a 0–0 tie. The Oregon football team defeated the heavily favored University of Pennsylvania Quakers 14–0, in 1918 Bezdek quit Oregon to become general manager of the Pittsburgh Pirates. He was succeeded by Shy Huntington, one of the heroes of the 1917 Rose Bowl, Oregon lost the 1920 Rose Bowl to Harvard University, 7–6. This would be the teams last bowl appearance until the 1948 Cotton Bowl, prince G. Prink Callison, Oregon native, alumnus, former player and coach of the freshman team, took over from Spears in 1932. Behind standout back Mike Mikulak and a defense, Callison led the 1933 Webfoots to a 9–1 mark and Pacific Coast Conference co-championship. This record would stand as the best in history until 2001. After the homegrown Callison retired in 1937, Oregon again hired a head coach. Oliver returned as coach after the war, eventually posting a mediocre 23–28–3 cumulative record. His 71–7 loss at Texas in 1941 on the day before the attack on Pearl Harbor stands as the most points allowed by any Oregon team, Oliver, in 1945, is the only coach to see his team lose twice to Oregon State in the same season
2.
Pacific Coast Conference
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The Pacific Coast Conference was a college athletic conference in the United States which existed from 1915 to 1959. The name Pacific Coast Conference is now used by a San Diego area community college established in 1982. Established on December 2,1915, its four members were the University of California, the University of Washington, the University of Oregon. Among other complaints, he disdained the quality of education in the Oregon schools, pauley felt that University of California campuses deserved to play against colleges with comparably high academic standards. The PCC had a commissioner, an elaborate constitution, a formal code of conduct. Following the submission of his report, Atherton was promptly hired as commissioner in 1940, the conference was wracked by scandal in 1951. Charges were made and confirmed that University of Oregon football coach Jim Aiken had violated the code for financial aid. After Aiken was compelled to resign, Oregon urged the PCC to look at similar abuses by UCLA football coach Red Sanders, the conference spent five years attempting to reform itself. In 1956, the scandal became public, the scandal first broke in Washington, when in January 1956, several discontented players staged a mutiny against their coach, John Cherberg. After the coach was fired, the PCC followed up on charges of a slush fund, the PCC found evidence of the prohibited activities of the Greater Washington Advertising Fund run by Roscoe C. Torchy Torrance, and in May imposed sanctions, in March, allegations of prohibited payments made by two booster clubs associated with UCLA, the Bruin Bench and the Young Mens Club of Westwood, were published in Los Angeles newspapers. UCLA refused for ten weeks to allow PCC officials to proceed in their investigation and this same alumnus also blew the whistle on Cals phony work program for athletes known as the San Francisco Gridiron Club, with an extension in the Los Angeles area known as the South Seas Fund. The first major reaction came from the University of California system, for Sproul the PCC dispute was not just about athletics, at stake was the ideal of a unified University of California that enjoyed statewide support. This ideal collided with aspirations of UCLA alumni who believed that Sprouls vision would always favor the Berkeley campus at the expense of the younger UCLA campus. Oregon State College president August Leroy Strand wrote, The reasons for California and UCLA dropping out are as different as night, the significance of the whole affair was the union of Berkeley and UCLA. Admissions and scholarship had nothing to do with the withdrawals, the PCC was falling apart, leading to the decision to dissolve after the 1958-59 season. Soon after the PCC was dissolved, five of its nine members created the Athletic Association of Western Universities for the 1959 season, after initially being blocked from admission, three of the four remaining schools would eventually join, but members were not required to play other members. Tensions were high between UCLA and Stanford, as Stanford had voted for UCLAs expulsion from the PCC, Idaho was not involved in the scandals but had become noncompetitive in the PCC
3.
Charles A. Huntington
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Shy Huntington was a quarterback and later a multi-sport coach at the University of Oregon. Huntington began his career as a quarterback and safety at the University of Oregon. He was the player in Oregons Rose Bowl upset over heavily favored Pennsylvania in 1917, throwing a touchdown pass. Huntington took over as coach for the Ducks in 1918. He would coach the Ducks for six seasons and he finished with a 26–12–6 record. In 1919, he coached the Ducks to a Rose Bowl berth, they lost to Harvard, 7–6, on January 1,1920. He served as Oregons baseball coach in 1919 and 1920, and he coached the team for one season, 1919–20, achieving a record of eight wins. Charles A. Huntington at the College Football Data Warehouse
4.
Hayward Field
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Hayward Field is one of the worlds best-known historic track and field stadiums, located in the northwest United States in Eugene, Oregon. Nearly a century in age, it has been the home of the University of Oregons track and field teams since 1921, Hayward Field was named after track coach Bill Hayward, who ran the Ducks program from 1904 to 1947. Renovated in 2004, it is one of only five International Association of Athletics Federations Class 1 certified tracks in the United States, the elevation of Hayward Field is approximately 420 feet above sea level and its infield has a conventional north-south orientation. The Pacific Ocean is approximately fifty miles to the west, separated by the Coast Range, Hayward was built 98 years ago in 1919 to replace Kincaid Field, and was intended to primarily serve the schools football program. In 1921, a cinder track was constructed around the football field. A natural grass field was first installed at Hayward Field in 1937, in 1949, a 28-row grandstand in the south end zone was constructed, with temporary bleachers in adjacent corners, the venues capacity was raised to 22,500 for football. By the 1960s, the team had outgrown the venue and, outside of the Civil War game with Oregon State. The track was widened to eight lanes in late in the summer of 1969 and its first synthetic track was Pro-Turf, a urethane and sand composite which led to a hard and fast surface, it produced many world records and gained a reputation as the earths fastest track. Light in color, it was resurfaced with the same in 1976, decayed and in disrepair, the original west grandstand was built in 1925 and its roof added in 1938. It was demolished in September 1973, and the line was moved to the tracks northeast corner for the 1974 season. The new west grandstand, also made of wood with a capacity of 4,300 spectators, was ready for use in March 1975, the Prefontaine Classic originated as the Hayward Field Restoration Meet in 1973, to help raise funds for a new west grandstand. The track was converted to metric in the summer of 1987, its lap length changed from 440 yards to 400 meters, the geometry of the track was changed to the international configuration, with shorter straights and longer turns. This widening of the infield required the relocation of the 300-foot, 500-ton east grandstand, the surface was again Pro-Turf, but with different surface properties, a textured top layer and a reddish color. In addition, a 200 m warmup track was added to the southwest of the track, along with a new hammer throw area. A state-of-the-art scoreboard was added in 1991, which gave unofficial times, bowerman began a public jogging program at Hayward Field in 1963 after a visit to New Zealand, inspired by coach Arthur Lydiard. A major renovation in 2004 added a new entrance named Powell Plaza and it also moved the practice track, expanded it to 400 meters, and replaced the aging fencing bordering the complex. After Hayward Field was awarded the 2008 U. S. Olympic Trials, eight light poles were installed for televised night events, and the crowned infield was removed and reconfigured. A walkway was added behind the west grandstand, and a new scoreboard was installed, thanks to a donation by alumnus Phil Knight and Nike
5.
Providence Park
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Providence Park is an outdoor sports venue located in the Goose Hollow neighborhood of Portland, Oregon, United States. The MLS Portland Timbers and NWSL Portland Thorns FC soccer teams use the facility as their home pitch, the NCAA Division I FCS Portland State Vikings football team uses the park during the Big Sky season. Originally, the park was owned by the Multnomah Athletic Club, in the 1950s, the PCL Portland Beavers baseball team moved out of Vaughn Street Park into what was then known as Multnomah Stadium. In 1966, the city purchased the stadium and renamed it Civic Stadium and it was renovated in 2001 to accommodate the Beavers, who had not played at the park since the early 1990s. The naming rights of the stadium were purchased by Portland General Electric, in 2010, the park underwent renovations again, this time so it could accommodate the Portland Timbers MLS franchise and a year later the rights to the stadiums name were sold, this time to Jeld-Wen. In 2014, the name was changed again to Providence Park after Providence Health & Services bought the naming rights. The stadium sits on a block bounded by Southwest Morrison Street, Southwest 18th Avenue, the Multnomah Athletic Club building and Southwest Salmon Street. Providence Park is a stadium which houses the MLS Portland Timbers, NWSL Portland Thorns. The stadium underwent a $31 million renovation in late 2010 and early 2011, the stadium is owned by the City of Portland, and is managed by Peregrine Sports, LLC, the entity that owns the Timbers and Thorns. Prior to the 2011 MLS season, the stadium was renamed Jeld-Wen Field from PGE Park, in a partnership with Klamath Falls, Jeld-Wen is a manufacturer of windows and doors, leading to the stadiums nickname, The House of Pane. In 2014, the stadium was renamed Providence Park after a partnership with Providence Health & Services was announced, the Multnomah Athletic Club, an athletic club in downtown Portland, stands next door, the windows of the north side of the clubs building overlook the field. The Interstate 405 freeway in Portland is also known locally as the Stadium Freeway, in addition, the Providence Park MAX Light Rail station is across the street. The property slopes significantly downhill from the end to the north end. The stadium is home to the Portland Timbers of MLS, Portland Thorns FC of NWSL. The Portland Beavers minor league team of the Pacific Coast League moved into the stadium in 1956 after playing several seasons at Vaughn Street Park. From 1973 to 1977 the independent Portland Mavericks of the Northwest League played their games at the stadium. Actor Kurt Russell was an infielder for the Mavericks, the Beavers returned to Portland in 1978 until 1993 when they were moved out of the city again. The Class A Portland Rockies were established in 1995 and played at the park until 2000 when they were moved and renamed the Tri-City Dust Devils
6.
University of Oregon
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The University of Oregon is a public flagship research university in Eugene, Oregon. Founded in 1876, the institutions 295-acre campus is along the Willamette River, since July 2014, UO has been governed by the Board of Trustees of the University of Oregon. The university has a Carnegie Classification of highest research activity and has 21 research centers, UO was admitted to the Association of American Universities in 1969. UO offers 316 undergraduate and graduate programs in a wide range of disciplines. Additionally, the Graduate School oversees the universitys graduate and certificate programs, UO student-athletes compete as the Ducks and are part of the Pac-12 Conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association. With eighteen varsity teams, the Oregon Ducks are best known for their team and track. The Oregon State Legislature established the university on October 12,1872, the residents of Eugene struggled to help finance the institution, holding numerous fundraising events such as strawberry festivals, church socials, and produce sales. They raised $27,500, enough to buy eighteen acres of land at a cost of $2,500, the doors officially opened in 1876 with the name of Oregon State University and Deady Hall as its sole building. The first year of enrollment contained 155 students taught by five faculty members, the first graduating class was in 1878, graduating five students. In 1881, the university was closed, it was $8,000 in debt before Henry Villard donated $7,000 to help pay for the debt. In 1913, and again in 1932, there were proposals to merge the university with what is now Oregon State University, during Prince Lucien Campbells tenure as president from 1902 to 1925, the university experienced tremendous growth. The budget, enrollment, facilities, and faculty members all grew several times its amount prior to his presidency, however, the University of Oregon lost its School of Engineering to Oregon Agricultural College, now known as Oregon State University. The Zorn-MacPherson Bill in 1932 proposed the University of Oregon and Oregon State College merge, the bill lost in a landslide vote of over 6 to 1. The University of Oregon Medical School was founded in 1887 in Portland, however, in 1974 it became an independent institution known as Oregon Health Sciences University. In 1969, the UO was admitted into the Association of American Universities, with contributions exceeding $100 million from benefactors such as Phil Knight and Lorry I. Lokey, the goal was exceeded by over $253 million. The University occupies over 80 buildings and these projects, among others, were commissioned in part to support current student enrollment as well as possible future increases. Effective July 1,2014, the University of Oregon became an independent public body governed by the Board of Trustees of the University of Oregon
7.
Eugene, Oregon
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Eugene is a city of the Pacific Northwest located in the U. S. state of Oregon. It is located at the end of the Willamette Valley, near the confluence of the McKenzie and Willamette Rivers. As of the 2010 census, Eugene had a population of 156,185, it is the second most populous city in the state, the citys population for 2014 was estimated to be 160,561 by the US Census. Eugene is home to the University of Oregon and Lane Community College, the city is also noted for its natural beauty, recreational opportunities, and focus on the arts. Eugenes official slogan is A Great City for the Arts and Outdoors and it is also referred to as the Emerald City and as Track Town, USA. The Nike corporation had its beginnings in Eugene, in 2021, the city will host the 18th Track and Field World Championships. The first people to settle in the Eugene area were known as the Kalapuyans and they made seasonal rounds, moving around the countryside as appropriate to collect and preserve local foods, including acorns, the bulbs of the wapato and camas plants, and berries. They stored these foods in their permanent winter village, when crop activities waned, they returned to their winter villages and took up hunting, fishing, and trading. They were known as the Chifin Kalapuyans and called the Eugene area where they lived Chifin, other Kalapuyan tribes occupied villages that are also now within Eugene city limits. Pee-you or Mohawk Calapooians, Winefelly or Pleasant Hill Calapooians, and they were close-neighbors to the Chifin, intermarried, and were political allies. Some authorities suggest that the Brownsville Kalapuyans were related to the Pee-you and it is likely that since the Santiam had an alliance with the Brownsville Kalapuyans that the Santiam influence also went as far at Eugene. According to archeological evidence, the ancestors of the Kalapuyans may have been in Eugene for as long as 10,000 years, French fur traders had settled seasonally in the Willamette Valley by the beginning of the 19th century. Having already developed relationships with Native communities through intermarriage and trade, by 1828 to 1830 they and their Native wives began year round occupation of the land, raising crops and tending animals. In this process the mixed race families began to impact Native access to land, food supply, in July,1830, intermittent fever struck the lower Columbia region and a year later, the Willamette Valley. Natives traced the arrival of the disease, then new to the Northwest, to the U. S. ship, Owyhee, intermittent fever is thought by researchers now to be malaria. In his book The Coming of the Spirit Pestilence Boyd reports that there was a 92% population loss for the Kalapuyans between 1830 and 1841 and this catastrophic event shattered the social fabric of Kalapuyan society and altered the demographic balance in the Valley. As the demographic pressure from the colonists grew, the remaining Kalapuyans were forcibly removed to reservations, though some Natives escaped being swept into the reservation, most were moved to the Grand Ronde reservation in 1856. Strict racial segregation was enforced and mixed people, known as Métis in French, had to make a choice between the reservation and Anglo society
8.
Portland, Oregon
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Portland is a port and the largest city in the U. S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County. It is in the Willamette Valley region of the Pacific Northwest, at the confluence of the Willamette, the city covers 145 square miles and had an estimated population of 632,309 in 2015, making it the 26th most populous city in the United States. Approximately 2,389,228 people live in the Portland metropolitan statistical area and its Combined Statistical Area ranks 17th with a population of 3,022,178. Roughly 60% of Oregons population resides within the Portland metropolitan area, named after Portland, Maine, the Oregon settlement began to be populated in the 1830s near the end of the Oregon Trail. Its water access provided convenient transportation of goods, and the industry was a major force in the citys early economy. At the turn of the 20th century, the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous cities in the world. After the citys economy experienced a boom during World War II. Beginning in the 1960s, Portland became noted for its liberal political values, and the city has earned a reputation as a bastion of counterculture. According to a 2009 Pew Research Center study, Portland ranks as the eighth most popular American city, the city operates with a commission-based government guided by a mayor and four commissioners as well as Metro, the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the United States. The city government is notable for its planning and investment in public transportation. Its climate is marked by warm, dry summers and cool and this climate is ideal for growing roses, and Portland has been called the City of Roses for over a century. Keep Portland Weird is a slogan for the city. During the prehistoric period, the land that would become Portland was flooded after the collapse of glacial dams from Lake Missoula and these massive floods occurred during the last ice age and filled the Willamette Valley with 300 to 400 feet of water. The Chinook people occupying the land which would become Portland were first documented by Meriwether Lewis, before its European settlement, the Portland Basin of the lower Columbia River and Willamette River valleys had been one of the most densely populated regions on the Pacific Coast. Large numbers of settlers began arriving in the Willamette Valley in the 1830s via the Oregon Trail. In the early 1840s a new settlement began emerging ten miles from the mouth of the Willamette River and this community was initially referred to as Stumptown and The Clearing because of the many trees cut down to allow for its growth. In 1843 William Overton saw potential in the new settlement but lacked the funds to file a land claim. For 25 cents Overton agreed to half of the 640-acre site with Asa Lovejoy of Boston
9.
Civil War (college football game)
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First played 123 years ago in 1894, it is the fifth most played college football rivalry game in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the NCAA. Both universities are members of the North Division of the Pac-12 Conference, the game was first played in 1894 and has been contested 120 times through 2016, Oregon leads the series 63–47–10. The game was not contested in 1900,1901,1911,1943, the first reference to the Civil War name was in 1929 and came into common use in 1937. Prior to that, it was called the Oregon Classic or the State Championship Game, the game is usually played in even-numbered years at the home field of Oregon State in Corvallis and in odd-numbered years at the home field of Oregon in Eugene. Seven games were played at Multnomah Stadium in Portland, in 1908,1917,1933,1934,1938,1950, and 1952. In an effort to mitigate rioting, the 1912 and 1913 games were played at a site in Albany following riots after the 1910 game that led to the 1911 games cancellation. From 1997 through 2006, the team won the game. The streak was snapped in 2007, when Oregon State beat Oregon at Autzen Stadium 38-31 in double overtime, in 2008, the Ducks returned the favor in Corvallis by beating OSU 65-38. The streak of visiting teams winning was snapped at two games in 2009 when the Ducks won 37-33 in Eugene, from 1959 to 1961, the Platypus Trophy was awarded to the winning school. The trophy was lost for 40 years and found in 2005, although both teams share the longest win streak in the series at 8 games a piece, the Ducks went 13 years without losing to the Beavers from 1975-1987. Other athletic contests between the schools are referred to as Civil War games. 1933, In a game played before 32,183 spectators at Multnomah Stadium in Portland, the Beavers scored first, but the rest was all Oregon, with fullback Iron Mike Mikulak rushing for 89 yards on the way to a 13–3 victory. The Ducks won a share of the PCC championship, but Stanford got the bid to the 1934 Rose Bowl,1957, The Ducks had a 6–1 conference record and the Beavers were 5–2. Both teams scored on their first possession, but that ended the scoring late in the third quarter. A late fumble by the Ducks Jim Shanley secured the win—but not the Rose Bowl—for Oregon State,1959, The Ducks came into the game with just one loss. An Oregon win, coupled with a Washington loss, could have earned the Ducks a Rose Bowl invitation, meanwhile, Oregon State was 2–6, its first losing record in 5 years. The Beavers started shakily, fumbling on their first two possessions and falling behind 7–0 in the first quarter, the rest was all Beavers as they salvaged their season with two touchdowns and a field goal to upset the Ducks, 15–7. 1969, With the score tied at 7 and less than a minute left, Oregon State placekicker Mike Nehl attempted a 29-yard field goal to put the Beavers ahead
10.
Track and field
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Track and field is a sport which includes athletic contests established on the skills of running, jumping, and throwing. The name is derived from the sports venue, a stadium with an oval running track enclosing a grass field where the throwing and jumping events take place. Track and field is categorised under the sport of athletics, which also includes road running, cross country running. The foot racing events, which include sprints, middle- and long-distance events, the jumping and throwing events are won by the athlete who achieves the greatest distance or height. Regular jumping events include long jump, triple jump, high jump and pole vault, while the most common throwing events are shot put, javelin, discus and hammer. There are also combined events or multi events, such as the pentathlon consisting of five events, heptathlon consisting of seven events, in these, athletes participate in a combination of track and field events. Most track and field events are individual sports with a victor, the most prominent team events are relay races. Events are almost exclusively divided by gender, although both the mens and womens competitions are held at the same venue. It is one of the oldest sports, in ancient times, it was an event held in conjunction with festivals and sports meets such as the Ancient Olympic Games in Greece. The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BC, when Koroibos, a cook from the city of Elis, won the stadium race. According to some traditions, this was the only athletic event of the games for the first 13 Olympic festivals. In modern times, the two most prestigious track and field competitions are athletics competition at the Olympic Games and the IAAF World Championships in Athletics. The International Association of Athletics Federations is the governing body. Records are kept of the best performances in specific events, at world and national levels, however, if athletes are deemed to have violated the events rules or regulations, they are disqualified from the competition and their marks are erased. In North America, the track and field may be used to refer to other athletics events, such as the marathon. The sport of track and field has its roots in human prehistory, Track and field-style events are among the oldest of all sporting competitions, as running, jumping and throwing are natural and universal forms of human physical expression. The first recorded examples of organized track and field events at a festival are the Ancient Olympic Games. At the first Games in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece, only one event was contested, Track and field events were also present at the Panhellenic Games in Greece around this period, and they spread to Rome in Italy around 200 BC
11.
Multnomah Athletic Club
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The Multnomah Athletic Club is a private social and athletic club in Portland, Oregon, United States. Located in the Goose Hollow neighborhood, it was founded in 1891, and it now fills two buildings totaling 600,000 square feet, making it the largest indoor athletic club in the world. It is colloquially referred to as either The Multnomah Club or simply The MAC and its emblem is a winged M. It has approximately 22,000 members and employs nearly 600 staff, the club is known for its exclusivity. A lottery for possible membership is approximately every four years. The initiation fee is approximately $5500 for a member. The clubhouse is also host to a variety of local, regional, and national sporting competitions throughout the year, covered parking for more than 600 autos is provided across the street in the clubs garage
12.
Moscow, Idaho
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Moscow is a city in northern Idaho along the state border with Washington, with a population of 23,800 at the 2010 census. It is the city in the Moscow, Idaho Micropolitan Statistical Area. The city contains over 60% of the population, and while the university is Moscows dominant employer. Along with the rest of northern Idaho, Moscow is in the Pacific Time Zone, major highways serving the city are US-95 and Highway 8, both of which are routed through central Moscow. Limited commercial air service is four miles west at the Pullman-Moscow Regional Airport, Main Street runs north-south through Moscow along the 117th meridian west. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 6.85 square miles. Moscow lies on the edge of the Palouse region of north central Idaho in the Columbia River Plateau. East of the city is a valley within the mountains of the Palouse Range to the northeast, the less prominent Paradise Ridge at 3,702 feet and Tomer Butte at 3,474 feet are southeast of the city. There is a variety of flora and fauna within the vicinity of Moscow, an amphibian, the Rough-skinned Newt, has a disjunctive population at Moscow, this species is found typically along the Pacific coast of the USA. The city sits at the boundary between the Palouse grasslands and wheat fields, and the forests of the Rocky Mountains to the east. Miners and farmers began arriving in the northern Idaho area after the Civil War, the first permanent settlers came to the Moscow area 146 years ago in 1871. The abundance of camas bulbs, a favorite fodder of pigs brought by the farmers, when the first US post office opened in 1872, the town was called Paradise Valley, but the name was changed to Moscow in 1875. The precise origin of the name Moscow has been disputed, there is no conclusive proof that it has any connection to the Russian city, though various accounts suggest it was purposely evocative of the Russian city or named by Russian immigrants. Another account claims that the name derives from a Native American tribe named Masco and it was reported by early settlers that five men in the area met to choose a proper name for the town, but could not come to agreement on a name. The postmaster Samuel Neff then completed the papers for the town. Interestingly, Neff was born in Moscow, Pennsylvania and later moved to Moscow, the business district was established by 1875 and the town was a center of commerce for the region. By 1890, the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Companys rail line, copy of a letter from Northern Pacific Railway agent in Moscow, likely R. W. Morris, to C. E. Arney, the Northern Pacifics Western Immigration and Indian Agent in Spokane, Washington. Arney wrote all station agents in Idaho on May 12,1922, requesting the origin of the names of their stations for the NPs travel publication Wonderland, edited by Olin D. Wheeler
13.
Seattle
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Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents as of 2015, Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the major city in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound and Lake Washington, about 100 miles south of the Canada–United States border, a major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015. The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers. Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived from Illinois via Portland, the settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852, after Chief Siahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. Logging was Seattles first major industry, but by the late-19th century, growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, in 1994, Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, Seattle has a noteworthy musical history. From 1918 to 1951, nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District, to the Central District, the jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Ernestine Anderson, and others. Seattle is also the birthplace of rock musician Jimi Hendrix and the alternative rock subgenre grunge, archaeological excavations suggest that Native Americans have inhabited the Seattle area for at least 4,000 years. By the time the first European settlers arrived, the people occupied at least seventeen villages in the areas around Elliott Bay, the first European to visit the Seattle area was George Vancouver, in May 1792 during his 1791–95 expedition to chart the Pacific Northwest. In 1851, a party led by Luther Collins made a location on land at the mouth of the Duwamish River. Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party on the way to their claim passed three scouts of the Denny Party, members of the Denny Party claimed land on Alki Point on September 28,1851. The rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland, Oregon, after a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square, naming this new settlement Duwamps. For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, david Swinson Doc Maynard, one of the founders of Duwamps, was the primary advocate to name the settlement after Chief Sealth of the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. The name Seattle appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23,1853, in 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14,1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of managing the city
14.
Tournament Park
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Tournament Park is a park and athletics venue in Pasadena, California, currently maintained by the California Institute of Technology. It was simply known as the lot before renamed Tournament Park in 1900. It is best known for being the site of the first Rose Bowl Game in 1902, and its capacity at the time was 43,000 people, many of which were in temporary wooden bleachers that the city deemed unsafe, thus necessitating the construction of the Rose Bowl. Besides hosting Tournament of Roses events, the venue hosted the Southern California Horse Show Associations annual horse show in the early 20th century. Tournament Park, along with the Rose Bowl, served as the venue for Caltechs football team until the school dropped football, the stadium, now known as South Athletic Field, is bounded by the Fox-Stanton Track, and continues to serve as Caltechs track and field venue. The surrounding park, which continues under the Tournament Park moniker, contains a playground,1902 Rose Bowl 1916 Rose Bowl Tournament of Roses Parade
15.
Pasadena, California
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Pasadena /ˌpæsəˈdiːnə/ is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of 2013, the population of Pasadena was 139,731. Pasadena is the ninth-largest city in Los Angeles County, Pasadena was incorporated on June 19,1886, becoming one of the first cities be incorporated in what is now Los Angeles County, the only one being incorporated earlier being its namesake. It is one of the cultural centers of the San Gabriel Valley. The city is known for hosting the annual Rose Bowl football game, the original inhabitants of Pasadena and surrounding areas were members of the Native American Hahamog-na tribe, a branch of the Tongva Nation. They spoke the Tongva language and had lived in the Los Angeles Basin for thousands of years, Tongva dwellings lined the Arroyo Seco in present day Pasadena and south to where it joins the Los Angeles River and along other natural waterways in the city. The native people lived in thatched, dome-shape lodges and they lived on a diet of acorn meal, seeds and herbs, venison, and other small animals. They traded for fish with the coastal Tongva. They made cooking vessels from steatite soapstone from Catalina Island, the trail has been in continuous use for thousands of years. An arm of the trail is still in use in what is now known as Salvia Canyon. When the Spanish occupied the Los Angeles Basin they built the San Gabriel Mission and renamed the local Tongva people Gabrielino Indians, today, several bands of Tongva people live in the Los Angeles area. The Rancho comprised the lands of todays communities of Pasadena, Altadena, before the annexation of California in 1848, the last of the Mexican owners was Manuel Garfias who retained title to the property after statehood in 1850. Garfias sold sections of the property to the first Anglo settlers to come into the area, Dr. Benjamin Eaton, the father of Fred Eaton, much of the property was purchased by Benjamin Wilson, who established his Lake Vineyard property in the vicinity. Wilson, known as Don Benito to the local Indians, also owned the Rancho Jurupa and was mayor of Los Angeles and he was the grandfather of WWII General George S. Patton, Jr. and the namesake of Mount Wilson. Berry was an asthmatic and claimed that he had his best three nights sleep at Rancho San Pascual, to keep the find a secret, Berry code-named the area Muscat after the grape that Wilson grew. To raise funds to bring the company of people to San Pascual, Berry formed the Southern California Orange and Citrus Growers Association and sold stock in it. The newcomers were able to purchase a portion of the property along the Arroyo Seco and on January 31,1874. As a gesture of good will, Wilson added 2,000 acres of then-useless highland property, at the time, the Indiana Colony was a narrow strip of land between the Arroyo Seco and Fair Oaks Avenue
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Oregon Ducks football venues
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Football teams at the University of Oregon have played home games at six sites since the team was founded in 1894, five in Eugene and one in Portland. Oregon has not had a football stadium since 1966. Record,1 win,0 losses,0 ties Early in the Universitys history, Oregons first football game, a 44–2 victory over Albany College, was played on this field in March 1894. The early football grounds at Oregon were notoriously muddy during poor weather conditions, in May 1894, the Oregon baseball team began playing games there, and the field was set up for football in late November for the Pacific contest on Thanksgiving Day. The game was relocated from the Athletic Field used for the first game, because the lack of fences at Athletic made it impossible to charge admission, Stewarts Field was completely fenced. Unlike the wide-open Athletic Field, Kincaid Field was eventually fully fenced, an alumni fundraising campaign was organized, and $1000 was spent to construct grandstands at Kincaid. As had its predecessor, Kincaid Field suffered from poor drainage. Workers constantly battled the elements to provide a suitable for play. Rain fell throughout every minute of the game, and time, in a classic 1916 game against Washington, a scoreless tie resulted from the ball being so slick with mud that it was impossible to hold, Oregon fumbled 11 times and Washington fumbled 12. Kincaid Field was used for Oregon home games until 1919, when the bleachers at Hayward Field were completed, record,98 wins,35 losses,10 ties The multi-purpose facility known as Hayward Field became Oregons campus game site in 1919. With the same issues as its previous two gridirons, Haywards playing field was constructed of packed sawdust, as was the field at Oregon State in Corvallis. In 1937 the sawdust at Hayward was replaced with grass, however, the drainage problems continued, and Hayward would forever be known as a miserable bog when games were played under rainy conditions. Unlike the opponents faced in Portland, Oregons games in Eugene were often against teams that provided more reasonable competition. Among coaches at Hayward, only Richard L. Smith, in his return to coaching for one season at Oregon in 1925, had a record at his home venue. Prink Callison had a 14–1 record at Hayward Field, the loss coming in the last game he coached. That loss also broke a nine-year undefeated string at Hayward that stretched back to 1928, USC never played a game in Eugene at Hayward Field, Washington only played one, in 1924. California only played in Eugene twice, in 1917 and 1957, stanford and UCLA only appeared six times each at Hayward. Conversely, Oregon State, Washington State, Idaho and Montana made regular appearances in Eugene, the Ducks played their last home game at Hayward Field on November 5,1966, suffering a narrow loss to Washington State
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Autzen Stadium
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Autzen Stadium is an outdoor football stadium in the northwest United States, in Eugene, Oregon. Located north of the University of Oregon campus, it is the field of the Oregon Ducks of the Pac-12 Conference. Opened 50 years ago in 1967, the stadium has undergone several expansions, prior to 1967, the Ducks on-campus stadium was Hayward Field, which they shared with the track and field team. However, by the 1960s, it had become apparent that the 22, the stadium, designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, was built within an artificial landfill to eliminate the need for multilevel ramps. As a result, construction took just nine months and cost approximately $2.3 million, ironically, Autzen was an alumnus of archrival Oregon State University. The foundations donation was linked to his son, a UO alumnus from the class of 1943, in 1967, Oregon hosted Colorado in the first game played at Autzen Stadium, a 17–13 loss before 27,500 on September 23. Four weeks later on October 21,16,000 saw Oregon win their first game in the new facility, the stadium alternates with Oregon States Reser Stadium as host of the Civil War game. Autzen hosted the inaugural Pac-12 Conference Championship game on December 2,2011, opened with natural grass in 1967, the field was switched to AstroTurf and lights were added for its third season in 1969. After seven years, it was replaced with new AstroTurf in 1976, sand-based OmniTurf was installed in 1984 and 1991, and infilled NeXturf in 2001. The NeXturf was found to be overly slick when wet and lasted one season. FieldTurf made its debut in Autzen in 2002, and was replaced in 2010, with up to eight feet of gravel fill underneath the field, the original crown of the natural grass field was moderate, with the center of the field approximately one foot higher than the sidelines. The crown was removed in 2010, and the surface is now flat, in 1982, a $650,000 meeting room complex, the Donald Barker Stadium Club, was opened on the east rim above the end zone. It gave the stadium its first meeting facilities, and was dedicated at the opener in September. A proposal to enclose the stadium within a dome was given consideration in 1985. New tax laws on contributions altered the feasibility, and the project was scaled back. In 1988, a $2.3 million renovation built a new box on the south side of the stadium. The renovation was designed by architecture firm Ellerbe Becket, in 1995, the field was named Rich Brooks Field, after the Ducks coach from 1977 to 1994. Brooks led Oregon to its first outright Pac-10 championship, and its first Rose Bowl appearance in 37 years, Brooks left Oregon after the 1994 season to become head coach of the St. Louis Rams of the National Football League
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Platypus Trophy
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The Platypus Trophy is a trophy awarded to the winner of the annual Civil War college football game between the University of Oregon and Oregon State University. The trophy depicts a platypus, an animal which has features of both a duck and a beaver, for three years, from 1959 to 1961, the trophy was awarded to the winning school. The trophy was lost for more than 40 years before being rediscovered in 2005 and it is currently awarded to the alumni association of the winning school. A platypus was chosen as the subject because with its bill and beaver-like tail. Spady had only a month before the game to complete the trophy and he submitted it unfinished, having not quite completed sculpting the feet. Oregon was heavily favored in the 1959 game, but Oregon State won 15-7 and took home the trophy, during that year, Oregon students apparently stole the trophy, and kept it after the 1960 Civil War ended in a 14-14 tie. In 1961, Oregon State won 6-2 and Oregon returned the trophy to Oregon State immediately following the game, following the 1961 game, the trophy was stolen several more times and was eventually forgotten as the football games trophy. In 1986, artist Spady, now an art teacher in Eugene, Spady was unable to convince anyone to reacquire the trophy for use in the football game, and in 2000, the pool and its trophy cases were demolished as part of a renovation project. In 2004, with the long forgotten, Oregonian sportswriter John Canzano wrote a column lamenting the fact that uniquely unlike other college rivalry games. Spady contacted Canzano and informed him of the existence of the Platypus Trophy, after obtaining Spadys signature on the work, Williams returned the trophy to the Oregon Alumni Association so it could resume its role as a game trophy. However, despite initial interest from the athletic directors to start awarding the trophy again, after viewing the abstract piece. Instead, beginning with the 2007 Civil War, the trophy was presented to the schools alumni association. Oregon State was the first recipient of the trophy after defeating Oregon 38-31 in overtime
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The Oregon Duck
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The Oregon Duck is the mascot of the University of Oregon Ducks athletic program, based on Disneys Donald Duck character through a special license agreement. The mascot wears a green and yellow costume, and a green, Oregon teams were originally known as Webfoots, possibly as early as the 1890s. The Webfoots name originally applied to a group of fishermen from the coast of Massachusetts who had been heroes during the American Revolutionary War, when their descendants settled in Oregons Willamette Valley in the 19th century, the name stayed with them. Journalists, especially writers, also adopted the shorter Duck nickname. In 1978, a student cartoonist came up with a new duck image called Mallard Drake, beginning in 1940, cartoon drawings of Puddles in student publications began to resemble Donald Duck, and by 1947, Walt Disney was aware of the issue. When Disney lawyers later questioned the agreement in the 1970s, the university produced a photo showing Harris and Disney wearing matching jackets with an Oregon Donald logo. Relying on the photo as evidence of Disneys wishes, in 1973, the agreement gave Disney control over where the mascot could perform and ensured that the performer inside the costume would properly represent the Donald Duck character. The mascot in graphic art, which is similar to Donald Duck than the rounder head. During the 2007 season opener, The Duck attacked Shasta, the mascot for the Houston Cougars, footage of the attack became very popular on YouTube for several weeks. The Duck was suspended for a game and the student inside the costume received an unspecified punishment, late in the 2009 season, students of the university created a video, I Love My Ducks, in which The Duck made an appearance. Due to the agreement with Disney in place at the time, however, by that time, the video had gone viral and coach Chip Kelly requested the video be played at the Ducks final game of that season, the Civil War. A Nike-designed futuristic Spandex-costume-wearing duck called Mandrake, began appearing at events in 2002. List of duck mascots Tallmadge, Alice
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Oregon Marching Band
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The Oregon Marching Band is the marching band of the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon, United States. With over 250 members, it is the largest student organization on campus, the marching band serves as the foundation for the larger Oregon Athletic Bands organization that includes the Oregon Basketball Band, Winter Drumline, and the Green and Yellow Garter Bands. The OMB performs at all football games at Autzen Stadium, selected away games. Other aspects of Oregon athletics, such as volleyball, are also supported by the OMB. The OMB also hosts a high school marching band competition every fall known as the Festival of Bands. The Director of Bands is in charge of the Department of Bands at the university, teaches/conducts the Oregon Wind Ensemble, Dr. Rodney Dorsey, former University of Michigan Associate Director of Bands, was hired to the position in 2013 following a year-long, nationwide search. Dr. Dorsey will conduct the Star Spangled Banner at all football games. This position also serves as an Assistant Director of Bands and Assistant Professor of Instrumental Music Education, the position is held by Dr. Eric Wiltshire, an alumnus of the University of Washington. Along with the bands, Dr. Wiltshire teaches and conducts the Oregon Campus Band. The Oregon Marching Band employs several instructors and Graduate Teaching Fellows to assist in the teaching, the OMB is largely run by its many student leaders. These include drum majors, section leaders, uniform manager, equipment crew, garter band members,1908 – University Course Catalogs list a University Band dating back to 1908. 1910s – Albert Perfect, along with student Dewitt Gilbert, wrote the fight song, the song was first performed on March 4,1916. 1911 – According to the 1916 Oregana, the University Band began in 1911 with Maurice Hyde as Director,1915 – Albert Perfect was hired as the first salaried band director at the University of Oregon. 1917 – The band was asked to serve as the University Battalion and this arrangement started a long association for the University Band with the Military Department on campus. 1918 – Perfect organized a Ladies Band, the Ladies Band was the first on the West Coast 1919 – Ross Hickernell was hired to replace Perfect. After only one year Hickernell left the University,1919 – John Stark Evans, a music professor at the School of Music, wrote “Pledge to Oregon” in 1919. The Oregon Marching Band of the present day sings “Pledge to Oregon” in four parts after Oregon football games,1920 – After Hickernell left, no replacement was hired for many years. Instead the Military Department handled the band program, during this time the United States government financed the Military Band and the directors of the band were not listed as part of the School of Music faculty
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Green Garter Band
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The Green Garter Band is a group of twelve that plays at numerous events for the University of Oregon. The group has a faculty advisor, the Director of Athletic Bands, Green Garter Band members are awarded a scholarship of $6,300. Members of GGBs companion group, the Yellow Garter Band, receive a scholarship of $1350 annually, in 2002, the Yellow Garter Band was created to help fulfill the number of requests to join the band. ~ GGB has included a Keyboard or Guitar player into the group occasionally, however, this has never been a permanent position. The Green Garter Bands repertoire is composed of funk, rock. As a subgroup of the Oregon Marching and Oregon Basketball Bands, each year, members of the bands arrange new songs, making this collection quite extensive. Alto Sax 1, Jesse Natividad Alto Sax 2, Miguel Jimenez Tenor Sax, Adam Russel Bari Sax, Josh Kuhl Trumpet 1, T. J
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O (gesture)
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The O is a gesture used predominantly at the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon, United States, and at events in which the schools athletic teams, the Oregon Ducks, are taking part. The gesture, in which the forefinger and thumb of each hand are pressed together to form an O shape, is used to support for the team. The gesture was first used by University of Oregon band directors, steven Paul, who served as band director from 1983 to 1989, used the sign to prompt musicians to begin performing the fight song Mighty Oregon. It was one of several used by Paul and subsequent band directors, including Todd Zimbelman. It became popularized after a photograph of quarterback Joey Harrington making the O appeared on the front page of The Oregonian one day following the Civil War game in 2001, Harrington had made the gesture at the band, hoping to hear the fight song one more time. The crowd is loud, so you cant yell, Play the fight song, so instead, hed come up with the O symbol and hed give the symbol and the band would play the song. Im walking toward the tunnel for the last time and I had one of those nostalgic moments, I wanted to hear the fight song one more time. I wanted to hear it one more time, was I the first player to use it in that fashion. But its not for the purposes that everyone does it today, the moment was photographed by Bruce Ely, photographer at The Oregonian, and Thomas Boyd, who worked for the Eugene Register-Guard at the time. Ely recalled, I remember calling editors and telling them it would be a picture for the front page. I think Tom and I are the two people that happened to be in position. Harrington displayed the gesture again at the Fiesta Bowl, fans continued displaying the O at sporting events following the 2001 game. Nike gloves and other merchandise have been produced showing the symbol, according to John Canzano, sports writer for The Oregonian, the gesture has become a universal non-verbal rally cry for the university. The Winter 2014 edition of the Oregon Quarterly includes a photograph of Lady Gaga throwing the O with a UO alumna, pereira later clarified his comments, indicating that the sign should be allowed, as long as it was not prolonged or directed at an opponent. Former Ducks player LaMichael James, who took the class, avoided making the sign for fear of being misinterpreted, big O, a hillside letter representing the University of Oregon, located at Skinner Butte in Eugene, Oregon
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Oregon Ducks football statistical leaders
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Within those areas, the lists identify single-game, single-season, and career leaders. The Ducks represent the University of Oregon in the NCAAs Pac-12 Conference, although Oregon began competing in intercollegiate football in 1894, the schools official record book considers the modern era to have begun around 1940. Records from before this year are incomplete and inconsistent. These lists are dominated by more recent players for several reasons, Since 1940, seasons have increased from 10 games to 11, the NCAA didnt allow freshmen to play varsity football until 1972, allowing players to have four-year careers. Bowl games only began counting toward single-season and career statistics in 2002, the Ducks have played in a bowl game in 13 of the seasons since this decision, allowing players on recent teams an extra game to accumulate statistics. In fact, the Ducks played in 2 bowl games as part of the inaugural College Football Playoff after the 2014 season. Similarly, the Ducks have played in the Pac-12 Championship Game twice in the four years it has existed, Oregon has run a high-octane, up-tempo spread offense recently, causing the Ducks to shatter offensive records. The Ducks have had over 5,000 yards of total offense 17 times, the Ducks have broken the 6000-yard barrier eight times as a team, all since 2007. The Ducks eclipsed 7,000 yards in 2011 and 2013 and these lists are updated through the end of the 2016 season. Total offense is the sum of passing and rushing statistics and it does not include receiving or returns
