1.
Horror film
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Horror film is a film genre that seeks to elicit a negative emotional reaction from viewers by playing on their fears. Inspired by literature from authors like Edgar Allan Poe, Bram Stoker, the macabre and the supernatural are frequent themes. Horror may also overlap with the fantasy, supernatural fiction and thriller genres, Horror films often deal with viewers nightmares, fears, revulsions and terror of the unknown. Plots within the genre often involve the intrusion of an evil force, event. Another of his projects was 1898s La Caverne maudite. Japan made early forays into the genre with Bake Jizo and Shinin no Sosei. The era featured a slew of literary adaptations, with the works of Poe and Dante, in 1908, Selig Polyscope Company produced Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. In 1910, Edison Studios produced the first filmed version of Frankenstein, the macabre nature of the source materials used made the films synonymous with the horror film genre. Before and during the Weimar Republic era, German Expressionist filmmakers would significantly influence later productions, the first vampire-themed movie, Nosferatu, was made during this period, though it was an unauthorized adaptation of Bram Stokers Dracula. Other European countries also, contributed to the genre during this period, though the word horror to describe the film genre would not be used until the 1930s, earlier American productions often relied on horror themes. Some notable examples include The Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Phantom of the Opera, The Cat and the Canary, The Unknown, and The Man Who Laughs. Many of these films were considered dark melodramas because of their stock characters and emotion-heavy plots that focused on romance, violence, suspense. The trend of inserting an element of macabre into American pre-horror melodramas continued into the 1920s, directors known for relying on macabre in their films during the 1920s were Maurice Tourneur, Rex Ingram, and Tod Browning. Ingrams The Magician contains one of the first examples of a mad doctor and is said to have had a influence on James Whales version of Frankenstein. The Unholy Three is an example of Brownings use of macabre and unique style of morbidity, he remade the film in 1930 as a talkie, during the early period of talking pictures, Universal Pictures began a successful Gothic horror film series. Tod Brownings Dracula was quickly followed by James Whales Frankenstein and The Old Dark House, some of these films blended science fiction with Gothic horror, such as Whales The Invisible Man and featured a mad scientist, mirroring earlier German films. Frankenstein was the first in a series of remakes which lasted for years, the Mummy introduced Egyptology as a theme, Make-up artist Jack Pierce was responsible for the iconic image of the monster, and others in the series. Universals horror cycle continued into the 1940s with B-movies including The Wolf Man, the once controversial Freaks, based on the short story Spurs, was made by MGM, though the studio disowned the completed film, and it remained banned, in the UK, for thirty years
2.
Rajasthan
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Rajasthan is Indias largest state by area. Elsewhere it is bordered by the other Indian states, Punjab to the north, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Madhya Pradesh to the southeast, and Gujarat to the southwest. Rajasthan is also home to two national reserves, the Ranthambore National Park in Sawai Madhopur and Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alwar. The state was formed on 30 March 1949 when Rajputana – the name adopted by the British Raj for its dependencies in the region – was merged into the Dominion of India. Its capital and largest city is Jaipur, also known as Pink City, other important cities are Jodhpur, Udaipur, Bikaner, Kota and Ajmer. Parts of what is now Rajasthan were partly part of the Vedic Civilisation, kalibangan, in Hanumangarh district, was a major provincial capital of the Indus Valley Civilization. Matsya Kingdom of the Vedic civilisation of India, is said to roughly corresponded to the state of Jaipur in Rajasthan. The capital of Matsya was at Viratanagar, which is said to have named after its founder king Virata. Bhargava identifies the two districts of Jhunjhunu and Sikar and parts of Jaipur district along with Haryana districts of Mahendragarh, bhargava also locates the present day Sahibi River as the Vedic Drishadwati River, which along with Saraswati River formed the borders of the Vedic state of Brahmavarta. Manu and Bhrigu narrated the Manusmriti to a congregation of seers in this area only, the Indo-Scythians invaded the area of Ujjain and established the Saka era, marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka Western Satraps state. Gurjars ruled for many dynasties in this part of the country, up to the tenth century almost the whole of North India, acknowledged the supremacy of the Gurjars with their seat of power at Kannauj. The Gurjar Pratihar Empire acted as a barrier for Arab invaders from the 8th to the 11th century, the chief accomplishment of the Gurjara Pratihara empire lies in its successful resistance to foreign invasions from the west, starting in the days of Junaid. Majumdar says that this was acknowledged by the Arab writers. He further notes that historians of India have wondered at the progress of Muslim invaders in India. Traditionally the Rajputs, Jats, Meenas, REBARI, Gurjars, Bhils, Rajpurohit, Charans, Yadavs, Bishnois, Sermals, PhulMali, all these tribes suffered great difficulties in protecting their culture and the land. Millions of them were killed trying to protect their land, a number of Gurjars had been exterminated in Bhinmal and Ajmer areas fighting with the invaders. Meenas were rulers of Bundi, Hadoti and the Dhundhar region, hem Chandra Vikramaditya, the Hindu Emperor, was born in the village of Machheri in Alwar District in 1501. Hem Chandra was killed in the battlefield at Second Battle of Panipat fighting against Mughals on 5 November 1556, maharana Pratap of Mewar resisted Akbar in the famous Battle of Haldighati and later operated from hilly areas of his kingdom
3.
British Indian
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The term British Indian refers to citizens of the United Kingdom whose ancestral roots lie in India. This includes people born in the UK who are of Indian descent, today, Indians comprise about 1.4 million people in the UK, making them the single largest visible ethnic minority population in the country. They make up the largest subgroup of British Asians, and are one of the largest Indian communities in the Indian diaspora, mainly due to the Indian-British relations. The British Indian community is the sixth largest in the Indian diaspora, behind the Indian communities in the United States, Saudi Arabia, British Indians are socioeconomically affluent and are primarily members of the middle class. A study by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation in 2011 found British Indians have among the lowest poverty rates among all groups in Britain. Studies have shown that Indians are more likely to be employed in professional and managerial occupations, No one knows the earliest settlement of Indians in Great Britain for certain. If the Romani, often known by the exonym Gypsies, are regarded as South Asian, the Romanichal and Kale originated in what is now North India and Pakistan, and began migrating westward around 1000 C. E. mixing with Southwest Asians and continental Europeans over the centuries. Romani began arriving in numbers in Western Europe during the 16th century. People from India have settled in Great Britain since the East India Company recruited lascars to replace vacancies in their crews on East Indiamen whilst on voyages in India. Initially these were men from the Indo-Portuguese or Luso-Asian communities of the subcontinent, including men from Bombay, Goa, Cochin, Madras, later Muslim Bengalis and men from Ratnagiri were hired. Many were then refused passage back and had no alternative than to settle in London, there were also some ayahs, domestic servants and nannies of wealthy British families, who accompanied their employers back to Britain when their stay in South Asia came to an end. British soldiers would sometimes marry Indian women and send their mixed race children back to Britain. Indian wives of British soldiers would sometimes ask for passage home after being abandoned or widowed if they did accompany their children, in 1835, Bridget Peter a native of the Madras region lost her husband, a British soldier serving in His Majestys 1st Foot Regiment. She petitioned the Directors from Chelsea Hospital in a state of destitution and they paid to return her and her three children to India. The Navigation Act of 1660 restricted the employment of non-English sailors to a quarter of the crew on returning East India Company ships, in 1797,13 were buried in the parish of St Nicholas at Deptford. During the 19th century, the East India Company brought thousands of Indian lascars, scholars and workers to Britain largely to work on ships and it is estimated 8,000 Indians lived in Britain permanently prior to the 1950s. Due to the majority of early Asian immigrants being lascar seamen, naval cooks also came, many of them from the Sylhet Division of what is now Bangladesh. One of the most famous early Bengali immigrants to Britain was Sake Dean Mahomet, in 1810, he founded Londons first Indian restaurant, the Hindoostane Coffee House
4.
Zareen Khan
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Zareen Khan also known as Zarine Khan is an Indian actress and model who mainly works in the Hindi film industry, though has also appeared in Tamil and Punjabi language films. Khan made her debut with a leading role in the 2010 Anil Sharmas period film Veer co-starring with Salman Khan for which she was nominated for the Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut. Khan garnered recognition from her item number Character Dheela in Ready, Khan earned commercial success in Bollywood with Sajid Khans Housefull 2 and Vishal Pandyas Hate Story 3. The following year, Khan made her Tamil debut in the Tamil film Naan Rajavaga Pogiren and she achieved further success for her leading roles in the 2014 romantic thriller Jatt James Bond, a box-office success. Khan was born into a Muslim Pathan family on 14 May 1987 in Mumbai, Maharashtra and she speaks Hindi, Urdu, English and Marathi. She completed her intermediate at Rizvi College of Science, Mumbai, Khan wanted to be a doctor but joined acting. Her acting career began while visiting the set of Yuvraj at Subhash Ghais film school Whistling Woods. Salman Khan noticed her and decided to cast her for his friend Anil Sharmas film Veer because, he said, after a screen test, Khan was given the lead role of Princess Yashodhara. She gained eight kilograms in order to be convincing as a 19th-century princess. The film revolves around the 1825 Pindari movement of Rajasthan, when India was ruled by the British, Veer did not do well at the Box office, however, her performance received mix reviews from both critics and public. Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama observed that Zarine resembles Katrina Kaif, nikhat Kazmi of Times of India concluded that Zarine is unimpressive. Rediff. com mentions that Zarine is average, critic Subhash K. Jha called her performance a Zarines charm adds to her adorable screen presence. Khan was nominated for Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut, Khan walked the ramp as showstopper for jewellery brand YS18 at India International Jewellery Week,2012. Khans second release was Sajid Khans comedy film Housefull 2, a sequel of Housefull, Khan earned critical acclaim for her performance, with Taran Adarsh stating, Zarine act more as eye candy. She appears typical sultry and enticing selves, and is befit in her own space, Housefull 2 was among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of 2012. In 2013, Khan made her Tamil debut in Vetrimaarans Naan Rajavaga Pogiren and she was appreciated for the song. Taran Adarsh commented, Zarine Khans song is high on energy, Khans first release of 2014 was Rohit Jugrajs Punjabi film Jatt James Bond, her first role outside Bollywood. She featured in the role of a Lalli, an innocent Punjabi woman alongside Gippy Grewal, the film received positive reviews from critics, and her performance was particularly praised
5.
Black magic
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Black magic or dark magic has traditionally referred to the use of supernatural powers or magic for evil and selfish purposes. With respect to the path and right-hand path dichotomy, black magic is the malicious. In modern times, some find that the definition of magic has been convoluted by people who define magic or ritualistic practices that they disapprove of as black magic. Like its counterpart white magic, the origins of magic can be traced to the primitive, ritualistic worship of spirits as outlined in Robert M. Places 2009 book, Magic. During the Renaissance, many magical practices and rituals were considered evil or irreligious and by extension, Witchcraft and non-mainstream esoteric study were prohibited and targeted by the Inquisition. While natural magic became popular among the educated and upper classes of the 16th and 17th century, ritualistic magic, summers also highlights the etymological development of the term nigromancer, in common use from 1200 to approximately 1500, broadly one skilled in the black arts. In a modern context, the line between magic and black magic is somewhat clearer and most modern definitions focus on intent rather than practice. There is also an extent to which many modern Wicca and witchcraft practitioners have sought to distance themselves from those intent on practising black magic, the influence of popular culture has allowed other practices to be drawn in under the broad banner of black magic including the concept of Satanism. While the invocation of demons or spirits is an part of black magic. Those lines, though, continue to be blurred by the inclusion of spirit rituals from otherwise white magicians in compilations of work related to Satanism. Dees rituals themselves were designed to contact spirits in general and angels in particular, laVeys Bible, however, is a complete contradiction of Dees intentions but offers the same rituals as a means of contact with evil spirits and demons. LaVeys Church of Satan, officially denies the efficacy of ritual but affirms the subjective, psychological value of ritual practice. LaVey himself was more specific, The latter quote, though, Voodoo, too, has been associated with modern black magic, drawn together in popular culture and fiction. In fact, Voodoo tradition makes its own distinction between black and white magic, with sorcerers like the Bokor known for using magic and rituals of both. But their penchant for magic associated with curses, poisons and zombies means they, the links and interaction between black magic and religion are many and varied. Beyond black magics links to organised Satanism or its historical persecution by Christianity and its inquisitions, the Black Mass, for example, is a sacrilegious parody of the Catholic Mass. Likewise, a saining, though primarily a practice of magic, is a Wiccan ritual analogous to a christening or baptism for an infant. 17th century priest, Étienne Guibourg, is said to have performed a series of Black Mass rituals with alleged witch Catherine Monvoisin for Madame de Montespan, in Islam, al-Fatiha al-Falaq, al-Nas and other Surahs are recited to protect against sorcery
6.
Adah Sharma
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Adah Sharma an Indian film actress who mainly appears in Hindi and Telugu language films. Sharma, after finishing her schooling, made her debut with a leading role in the 2008 Hindi language horror film 1920. Her portrayal of a woman in the film was critically praised and earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut nomination. These prime accomplishments has established her as one of the most promising new actresses of Telugu cinema, Adah Sharma is a Tamil Brahmin born in Palakkad, Kerala and raised in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Her father S. L. Sharma, who hailed from Madurai, Tamil Nadu, was a captain in the merchant navy and her mother, Adah did her schooling from Auxilium Convent High School in Pali Hill, Bandra, Mumbai. When she was in Class X, she had decided to become an actress and she wanted to drop out of school but her parents insisted that she at least complete her schooling. After finishing her Plus Two, she stopped studying and she has been dancing since the age of three and has completed her graduation in Kathak from the Natraj Gopi Krishna Kathak Dance Academy in Mumbai. She also learned salsa for four months in the US, besides jazz, trying to enter in the film industry, Sharma auditioned for several roles in Mumbai, but was rejected either because of her curly hair or because the makers felt that she looked too young. She eventually landed the female role in the 2008 Hindi horror film 1920 opposite Rajneesh Duggal. Her portrayal of a woman was unanimously praised by critics. The Times of Indias Nikhat Kazmi commented that she delivers a consummate performance, other reviewers labelled her performance as excellent, brilliant, and incredibly convincing. The film was a success, too, Bhatts first box office hit after six years and 10 films. Three years later, she had her release, Phhir, again a horror film, which saw her collaborating with Vikram Bhatt, who wrote the film. Phhir, however, was not as well received as 1920, opening to negative reviews, and failing at the box office, with Sharma getting mixed response for her performance. While Sujata Chakrabarti wrote that not even for a minute does she exude the intensity of being a psychic and her third film, the romantic comedy Hum Hai Raahi Car Ke, released another two years later and was a critical and financial failure. She described her character in the former as vulnerable, yet extremely sexy, both films were commercially successful, with Hasee To Phasee ending up as one of the highest-grossing Hindi films of 2014. For her next film, she was paired opposite Sai Dharam Tej in Subramanyam For Sale, directed by Harish Shankar, the film was proved to be a moderate success, and Sharma received good reviews for her performance. At the 5th edition of Indian Federation for Fashion Developments India Runway Week, the designer kept the collection region-specific and showcased the lesser known handlooms of the south
7.
Tia Bajpai
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Tia Bajpai is an Indian singer, television and film actress. She made her debut in 2011 with Vikram Bhatts film Haunted - 3D. She also participated in Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2005, Bajpai started her career by appearing in a few television serials and shows. The film went to become a Superhit at the box office, taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama rated 3. 5/5 to the film. She then appeared in Maqbool Khans drama-thriller film Lanka alongside Manoj Bajpayee and Arjan Bajwa, the film garnered mixed reviews from critics, and had a poor box office collection. The film garnered average reviews from critics, but turned out to be commercially successful, in 2014, Bajpai appeared in two films Anand Kumars Desi Kattey, alongside Sunil Shetty and Jay Bhanushali, and Identity Card. She recently appeared in Aijaaz Khans comedy film Baankey Ki Crazy Baraat in 2015, the film was a critical and commercial failure. Tia Bajpai at the Internet Movie Database Tia Bajpai on Bollywood Hungama
8.
Meera Chopra
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Meera Chopra, also known as Nila or Meerra Chopra, is an Indian actress and model who appears in Tamil, Telugu and Hindi films. Bollywood actresses Priyanka Chopra, Parineeti Chopra and Mannara Chopra are her cousins, meeras Kollywood debut was with the 2005 film Anbe Aaruyire, in which she starred with S. J. Surya. Her second movie was the Telugu-language film Pawan Kalyan, followed by her performance in M. S. Rajus Vaana and her Bollywood debut was in Vikram Bhatts 1920, London, with Sharman Joshi. Shes also worked in Satish Kaushiks Gang of Ghosts, produced by Venus, Meera Chopra at the Internet Movie Database Media related to Meera Chopra at Wikimedia Commons
9.
Rakhi Sawant
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Rakhi Sawant is an Indian politician, dancer, model, Hindi film and television actress & television talk show host, who has appeared in many Hindi and few Kannada, Marathi, Telugu and Tamil films. She was a contestant on Bigg Boss, Sawant had launched her own political party, the Rashtriya Aam Party to contest the 2014 Lok Sabha Elections. However, after the election, she joined Republican Party of India, Rakhi Sawant has often been in the news due to actions and statements that are deemed controversial in the Indian context. Rakhi was born as Neeru Bheda to Jaya Bheda, Jaya married Anand Sawant, a police constable at Worli Police Station, and gave the children from her first marriage her second husbands name. She is the sister of film director Rakesh Sawant and former actress Usha Sawant and she is a convert to Christianity from Hinduism. She made her debut in Agnichakr under the name Ruhi Sawant. She went on to small roles and dance numbers in the low-budget Bollywood films Joru Ka Ghulam, Jis Desh Mein Ganga Rehta Hain. In 2003, she auditioned for a number in the Bollywood movie. She auditioned about four times before being selected for her item number, Mohabbat Hai Mirchi. Sawant acted in roles in films including Masti and Main Hoon Na In 2005. In June 2006, Mika Singh attempted to kiss her at his birthday party, a few months later, she appeared in the first season of the reality show Bigg Boss and was among the top four finalists. In 2007, Rakhi made her debut in the album Super Girl launched by Venus Records & Tapes Pvt. Ltd. In 2009, Sawant launched the reality show Rakhi Ka Swayamwar in which she planned to select her husband by the ancient ritual of Swayamvar. On 2 August 2009 she chose her life partner, a contestant from Toronto, Canada, however, several months later, Sawant announced that the couple had separated due to irreconcilable differences. Often appearing in reality shows as a host, judge or participant, Sawant is a stage performer. On 28 March, she founded the party called Rashtriya Aam Party, theres no partys symbol assigned by the election commission. However, Sawant said that shes expecting it to be a green chilli, the partys office bearers and fundraisers are local businessmen from Oshiwara. She received only 2006 votes from Mumbai North-West Constituency and lost her deposit, Sawant resigned from Rashtriya Aam Party and joined RPI party in June 2014 and expressed her desire to work for dalits
10.
Vidya Malvade
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Vidya Malvade is an Indian actress, mainly working in the Bollywood film industry. Vidya was born on 2 March 1973 in Maharashtra, India and she has a younger sister, Darshana Maitra, who lives in New Jersey. Vidya started her career with Vikram Bhatts Inteha which failed at the box office, after a string of unsuccessful movies and several advertisements, she acted in Chak De India in the year 2007, playing the role of a goalkeeper and captain of the Indian womens national hockey team. Her most recent movie was 1920, Evil Returns, vidya studied Law and worked as an Air Hostess. Arvind Singh Bagga, was a pilot with Alliance Air and he died in 2000 when his flight, Alliance Air Flight 7412, crashed into a building in Patna. In 2009, she married Sanjay Dayma, who worked with Ashutosh Gowariker on the Oscar-nominated Lagaan as the films Screenplay Writer & Associate Director, vidya Malvade at the Internet Movie Database Chak De India Biography Interview with Bollyspice. com
11.
Vikram Bhatt
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Vikram Bhatt is an Indian film director, producer and screenwriter. Formerly, he was the head of ASA Productions and Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. however. Bhatt is the grandson of Vijay Bhatt from, one of the pioneers of the Indian film industry, at the age of 14, in 1982, Bhatt started his career with director Mukul Anand in Anands first film, Kanoon Kya Karega. Bhatt also assisted Mukul Anand as the assistant on the sets of Agneepath. This film turned out to be a classic, though not very successful at the box office. Subsequently, Bhatt worked with director Shekhar Kapur for two and a half years and later with director Mahesh Bhatt for two years and he has been an assistant director on the sets of several successful films including Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke and Junoon. His career as a director began with the film Jaanam, which was produced by Mukesh Bhatt and his first four films did not fare well at the box office, his first successful directorial venture was Fareb. Following this, he had a string of films such as Ghulam, Kasoor, Raaz. After Awara Paagal Deewana, he again entered a phase where his films did not perform well at the box office. However, in the same phase he did moderately successful films like Deewane Huye Paagal. In 2008, Bhatt came back with the genre and he delivered three films that were successful at the box office, these include 1920. 270 million at the box office, in 2012, Bhatts Raaz 3D recorded domestic box office collection of 729 million after the 3rd weekend and the overseas collection was at 46 million. Riding high with the success, Bhatt is writing another horror-thriller for Bipasha in the central role, the movie further collected approx Rs 37.5 million nett in the second Weekend, taking the total to Rs 228.6 million nett. The film has declared a Hit. Soon after, Bhatt signed a deal with Bhushan Kumars T-Series to produce 5 films of sci-fi, thriller, two of the films will be directed by Bhatt himself. In early 2013, Bhatt announced his upcoming projects, Creature 3D, Indias First 3D Monster Movie with Bipasha Basu in the role and 1920 London. Vikram Bhatt will mark his foray into Marathi cinema with Ek Doosrey Ke Liye, starting from 16 February 2014, he would be seen hosting the TV Show Ishq Kills based on Real Life Romances on Star Plus. Bhatts movies,1920, Evil Returnss social media campaign was studied by Indian Institute of Management Bangalore
