1.
1918 in Norway
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Events in the year 1918 in Norway. Monarch - Haakon VII Norsk Hydros artificial fertilizer production at Glomfjord is bought by the Norwegian government, in 1947 it is leased back to Hydro. This activity is today Yara International, the 1918 Parliamentary election takes place. 19 August - Bjørn Egge, military officer 8 September - Kjølv Egeland, politician 18 September – Berit Brænne, actress,8 October - Halfdan Hegtun, radio personality, comedian, writer and former politician 15 October – Rolf Schjerven, politician
2.
1917 in Norway
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Events in the year 1917 in Norway. Monarch - Haakon VII the Bratsberg Line began rail traffic between Eidanger and Notodden, the line was closed in 2001. 2 April - Lillestrøm SK football club is founded after the merger of two football clubs. 19 May - Rosenborg BK football club is founded,12 May – Johan Berg, military officer
3.
Norway
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The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a population of 5,258,317. The country shares a long border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway, erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution, the kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years, Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have an amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States, the country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the countrys gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the worlds largest producer of oil, the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIAs GDP per capita list which includes territories and some regions, from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2017, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking, Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report, the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index. Norway has two names, Noreg in Nynorsk and Norge in Bokmål. The name Norway comes from the Old English word Norðrveg mentioned in 880, meaning way or way leading to the north. In contrasting with suðrvegar southern way for Germany, and austrvegr eastern way for the Baltic, the Anglo-Saxon of Britain also referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. This was the area of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway, and because of him
4.
1921 in Norway
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Events in the year 1921 in Norway. Monarch - Haakon VII6 May - A general strike begins in Norway,17 September - the Dovre Line was opened. 18 September - Nidareid train disaster on the Trondhjem-Størenbanen railway line, six people were killed in this, the first serious passenger train accident in Norway The 1921 Parliamentary election takes place. 30 June - Gunvor Hofmo, writer and poet 10 July – Eva Kløvstad,10 October - Gunnar Thoresen, bobsledder 17 October – Edel Hætta Eriksen, schoolteacher and politician. 11 November - Trygve Olsen, politician 27 November - Aud Alvær, politician 28 November - Olav Hagen, cross country skier, Gunnar S. Dvergsdal, politician Waldemar Hansteen, architect Gjert Holsen, politician
5.
1922 in Norway
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Events in the year 1922 in Norway. Monarch - Haakon VII8 January - The Social Democratic Youth League of Norway is founded,30 November - The establishment of Norwegian government-owned alcoholic beverage retailer Vinmonopolet. Fridtjof Nansen is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work as a League of Nations High Commissioner, municipal and county elections are held throughout the country
6.
Monarchy of Norway
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The Norwegian monarch is the monarchical head of state of Norway, which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system. The present monarch is King Harald V, who has reigned since 17 January 1991, succeeding his father, the heir apparent is his only son, Crown Prince Haakon. The crown prince undertakes various public functions, as does the kings wife. The crown prince also acts as regent in the kings absence, there are several other members of the Royal Family, including the kings daughter, grandchildren and siblings. Whilst the Constitution of Norway grants important executive powers to the King, formally the King appoints the government according to his own judgement, but parliamentary practice has been in place since 1884. Constitutional practice has replaced the meaning of the word King in most articles of the constitution from the king personally to the elected government. The powers vested in the monarch are significant, but are treated only as reserve powers, the King does not, by convention, have direct participation in government. He ratifies laws and royal resolutions, receives and sends envoys from and to foreign countries and he has a more tangible influence as the symbol of national unity. The annual New Years Eve speech is one occasion when the King traditionally raises negative issues, the King is also Supreme Commander of the Norwegian Armed Forces and Grand Master of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav and of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit. The King has no role in the Church of Norway. The position of King of Norway has been in existence since the unification of Norway in 872. In recent years members of the Socialist Left party have proposed the abolition of the monarchy during each new session of parliament and this gives the Norwegian monarchy the unique status of being a popularly elected royal family and receiving regular formal confirmations of support from the Storting. Prior to and in the phase of the Viking Age Norway was divided into several smaller kingdoms. Harald Fairhair was the first king of Norway, the boundaries of Fairhairs kingdom were not identical to those of present-day Norway, and upon his death the kingship was shared among his sons. Some historians emphasise the actual control over the country and assert that Olaf II, alias Saint Olaf. Olaf is generally held to have been the force behind Norways final conversion to Christianity. In the 12th and 13th centuries the Norwegian kingdom was at its geographical and cultural peak, the kingdom included Norway, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Shetland, Orkney and other smaller areas in the British Isles. The king had diplomatic relations with most of the European kingdoms and formed alliances with Scotland and Castile, large castles such as Haakons Hall and cathedrals, the foremost being Nidaros Cathedral, were built
7.
Haakon VII of Norway
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Haakon VII, known as Prince Carl of Denmark until 1905, was a Danish prince who became the first king of Norway after the 1905 dissolution of the union with Sweden. He reigned from November 1905 until his death in September 1957, as one of the few elected monarchs, Haakon quickly won the respect and affection of his people. He played a role in uniting the Norwegian nation in its resistance to the Nazi invasion. He became King of Norway before his father and older brother became kings of Denmark, during his reign, he saw his father, his brother and his nephew, Frederick IX, ascend the throne of Denmark, respectively in 1906,1912 and 1947. He died at the age of 85 on 21 September 1957 and he was succeeded by his only son, Olav V. Prince Carl of Denmark was the son of King Frederik VIII of Denmark. Furthermore, he was a brother of Christian X, a paternal grandson of King Christian IX of Denmark. Prince Carl was born at Charlottenlund Palace near Copenhagen and he belonged to the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg branch of the House of Oldenburg. The House of Oldenburg had been the Danish royal family since 1448, the house was originally from northern Germany, where the Glucksburg branch held their small fief. The family had permanent links with Norway beginning from the late Middle Ages, several of his paternal ancestors had been kings of independent Norway. Christian Frederick, who was King of Norway briefly in 1814, Prince Carl was raised in the royal household in Copenhagen and educated at the Royal Danish Naval Academy. Their son, Prince Alexander, the future Crown Prince Olav, was born on 2 July 1903, gradually, Prince Carl became the leading candidate, largely because he was descended from independent Norwegian kings. The new royal family of Norway left Denmark on the Danish royal yacht Dannebrog, at Oscarsborg Fortress, they boarded the Norwegian naval ship Heimdal. After a three-day journey, they arrived in Kristiania early on the morning of 25 November 1905, two days later, Haakon took the oath as Norways first independent king in 518 years. The coronation of Haakon and Maud took place in Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim on 22 June 1906, King Haakon gained much sympathy from the Norwegian people. Although the Constitution of Norway vests the King with considerable executive powers, Haakon confined himself to non-partisan roles without interfering in politics, a practice continued by his son and grandson. However, his long rule gave him moral authority as a symbol of the countrys unity. Haakon, Maud and Crown Prince Olav became interested in skiing and this sport is often viewed as typically Norwegian
8.
League of Nations
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The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first international organisation whose mission was to maintain world peace. Its primary goals, as stated in its Covenant, included preventing wars through collective security and disarmament, at its greatest extent from 28 September 1934 to 23 February 1935, it had 58 members. The diplomatic philosophy behind the League represented a shift from the preceding hundred years. The League lacked its own armed force and depended on the Great Powers to enforce its resolutions, keep to its economic sanctions, however, the Great Powers were often reluctant to do so. Sanctions could hurt League members, so they were reluctant to comply with them, after a number of notable successes and some early failures in the 1920s, the League ultimately proved incapable of preventing aggression by the Axis powers in the 1930s. Germany withdrew from the League, as did Japan, Italy, Spain, the onset of the Second World War showed that the League had failed its primary purpose, which was to prevent any future world war. The League lasted for 26 years, the United Nations replaced it after the end of the Second World War on 20 April 1946 and inherited a number of agencies and organisations founded by the League. As historians William H. Harbaugh and Ronald E. Powaski point out, the organisation was international in scope, with a third of the members of parliaments serving as members of the IPU by 1914. Its aims were to encourage governments to solve disputes by peaceful means. Annual conferences were held to help refine the process of international arbitration. Its structure consisted of a council headed by a president, which would later be reflected in the structure of the League, at the start of the 20th century, two power blocs emerged from alliances between the European Great Powers. It was these alliances that, at the start of the First World War in 1914 and this was the first major war in Europe between industrialised countries, and the first time in Western Europe that the results of industrialisation had been dedicated to war. By the time the fighting ended in November 1918, the war had had an impact, affecting the social, political and economic systems of Europe. Anti-war sentiment rose across the world, the First World War was described as the war to end all wars, the causes identified included arms races, alliances, militaristic nationalism, secret diplomacy, and the freedom of sovereign states to enter into war for their own benefit. Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson, a British political scientist, coined the term League of Nations in 1914, together with Lord Bryce, he played a leading role in the founding of the group of internationalist pacifists known as the Bryce Group, later the League of Nations Union. The group became more influential among the public and as a pressure group within the then governing Liberal Party. In Dickinsons 1915 pamphlet After the War he wrote of his League of Peace as being essentially an organisation for arbitration and conciliation
9.
Spitsbergen
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Spitsbergen is the largest and only permanently populated island of the Svalbard archipelago in northern Norway. Constituting the westernmost bulk of the archipelago, it borders the Arctic Ocean, the Norwegian Sea, Spitsbergen covers an area of 39,044 km2, making it the largest island in Norway and the 36th-largest in the world. Other settlements, in addition to research outposts, are the Russian mining community of Barentsburg, the community of Ny-Ålesund. The island was first used as a base in the 17th and 18th centuries. Coal mining started at the end of the 19th century and several permanent communities were established, the Svalbard Treaty of 1920 recognized Norwegian sovereignty and established Svalbard as a free economic zone and a demilitarized zone. The Norwegian Store Norske and the Russian Arktikugol remain the mining companies. Research and tourism have become important supplementary industries, featuring among others the University Centre in Svalbard, no roads connect the settlements, instead snowmobiles, aircraft, and boats serve as local transport. Svalbard Airport, Longyear provides the point of entry and exit. The island has an Arctic climate, although significantly higher temperatures than other places at the same latitude. The flora benefits from the period of midnight sun, which compensates for the polar night. Svalbard is a ground for many seabirds, and also supports polar bears, reindeer. Six national parks protect the largely untouched, yet fragile environment, the island has many glaciers, mountains and fjords. Spitsbergen was named by its discoverer, the Dutch navigator Willem Barentsz, the name Spitsbergen, meaning “pointed mountains”, was at first applied to both the main island and the archipelago as a whole. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, English whalers referred to the islands as Greenland, the Spitzbergen spelling was used in English during the 19th century, for instance by Beechey, Laing, and the Royal Society. In 1906, the Arctic explorer Sir Martin Conway thought that the Spitzbergen spelling was incorrect, preferring Spitsbergen as he noted that the name was Dutch and this had little effect on British practice. In 1920, the international treaty determining the fate of the islands was entitled the Spitsbergen Treaty, the islands were generally referred to in the USA as Spitsbergen from that time, although the spelling Spitzbergen was also commonly used through the 20th century. Under Norwegian governance, the archipelago was named Svalbard in 1925, by the end of the 20th century, this usage had become common. The first confirmed and recorded sighting of the island by a European was by Willem Barentsz, the first good map with the east coast roughly indicated, appeared in 1623, printed by Willem Janszoon Blaeu
10.
Centre Party (Norway)
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The Centre Party is an agrarian centrist political party in Norway. From its founding until 2000, the party joined only governments not led by the Labour Party, governments headed by prime ministers from the party include the short-lived Kolstad and Hundseids Cabinet between 1931 and 1933, and the longer-lasting Bortens Cabinet from 1965 until 1971. The party was founded at the convention of the Norsk Landmandsforbund during 17 to 19 June 1920. In 1922 the association was renamed to the Norwegian Agrarian Association, during the eight decades since the Centre Party was created as a political faction of a Norwegian agrarian organisation, the party has changed a great deal. The 1930s have in the post-war era been seen as a time in the partys history. This is partly because Vidkun Quisling, who became leader of Nasjonal Samling, was Minister of Defence in the Farmers Party Kolstad. Quisling was however not a member of the Farmers Party, while there were fascist sympaties among parts of the Farmers Partys electorate, the Farmers Party itself never supported fascism. It was after all the Farmers Party that enabled the first stable Labour cabinet in Norway, in 1935, they reached a compromise with the Labour Party, which led to the Nygaardsvold Cabinet. In addition, the Farmers Party was represented in the cabinet by Anders Fjeldstad. Political scientist Trond Nordby in 2009 also said that the Farmers Party has been given a bad reputation from this time. In 1959 the party changed their name to the Norwegian Democratic Party — Democrats, in June 1959 the name was changed to the current Centre Party. This happened out of the need to attract an additional electorate with the decline of the agrarian share of the population. The partys membership peaked at 70,000 in 1971. In local elections, the party enjoys strong support in small municipalities. After the 2007 elections,83 of the mayors in Norway represent the Centre Party, only the Labour Party has more mayors, and relative to party size, the Centre Party has more mayors than any other. The Centre Party had been a part of only non-socialist coalition governments from 1930 to 2000, in seven governments and these negotiations succeeded and the Centre Party entered the Second Stoltenberg Cabinet on 17 October 2005 with four ministers. The Red-Greens were re-elected to government in the 2009 election and it has been argued that the partys ideology has moved more towards social democracy in recent years. This included increased duties of 429% on lamb, 344% on beef, the party is known in Norway for their support of high toll tariffs on foreign cheese and meat, called toll protection, and their proposal to shoot all wolves in Norway
11.
1920 Olympics
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The 1920 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the VII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event in 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium. No fixed host city was proposed at the time, the 1916 Summer Olympics, to be held in Berlin, capital of the German Empire, were cancelled due to World War I. Hungary, Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire were banned from competing in the Games, Germany did not return to Olympic competition until 1928 and instead hosted a series of games called Deutsche Kampfspiele, starting with the Winter edition of 1922. The Sailing events were held in Ostend, Belgium, and two in Amsterdam, Netherlands, no fixed host city was proposed at the time. The organising committee was created on 9 August 1913, Beerschot V. A. C. and Nicolaas Jan Cupérus, president of the Belgian Gymnastics Federation. The first action of the committee was to send a letter to the IOC in Paris. On 13 September 1913, Pierre de Coubertin, president of the IOC, in 1914, a 109-page brochure was created to promote the idea of Antwerp as a host city for the Olympics, Aurons-nous la VIIème Olympiade à Anvers. It was sent to all IOC members and was used during the 6th Olympic Congress in Paris in 1914, where the candidacies of Amsterdam, Antwerp, Budapest, and Rome were discussed. Despite a slight preference at the time for Budapest, no choice was made. In 1915, Lyon made a bid for the 1920 games, the support for Belgium by cousin country France, then the leading country of the IOC, also meant that Amsterdam, and Budapest, in an enemy state, made no chance for the 1920 games against Antwerp. New candidacies from American cities did not have that disadvantage and bids were received from Cleveland, Philadelphia, and Atlanta, but shortly after the armistice in November 1918, the IOC decided to give Antwerp the first choice, if they still wanted to host the 1920 Games. An executive committee was established on 17 April 1919, with Henri de Baillet-Latour as chairman and Alfred Verdyck, seven commissions were created, to deal with finances, accommodation, press relations, propaganda, schedules, transport, and festivities. Finances and scheduling proved to be the two hardest parts to tackle, the program of events only was published in February 1920, between 23 and 30 April 1920, an ice hockey tournament marked the early start of the Games. Held in the Palais de Glace or Ice Palace in Antwerp, it was the first time that ice hockey was an Olympic sport. The first stone of the new Olympic Stadium at Beerschot was laid on 4 July 1919 by Jan De Vos, mayor of Antwerp, and inaugurated less than a year later on 23 May 1920 with a gymnastics demonstration. The nautical stadium or Stade Nautique dAntwerp was built at the end of the Jan Van Rijswijcklaan, other events, like shooting, boxing, and equestrian sports, were held at pre-existing locations in and around Antwerp and as far away as Ostend. These Olympics were the first in which the Olympic Oath was voiced, the first in which doves were released to symbolize peace, the USA won 41 gold,27 silver, and 27 bronze medals, the most won by any of the 29 nations attending. Sweden, Great Britain, Finland, and Belgium rounded out the five most successful medal-winning nations, the Games also featured a week of winter sports, with figure skating appearing for the first time since the 1908 Olympics, and ice hockey making its Olympic debut
12.
Gold medal
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A gold medal is a medal awarded for highest achievement in a non-military field. Its name derives from the use of at least a fraction of gold in form of plating or alloying in its manufacture, others offer only the prestige of the award. Many organizations now award gold medals either annually or extraordinarily, including UNESCO, while some gold medals are solid gold, others are gold-plated or silver-gilt, like those of the Olympic Games, the Lorentz Medal, the United States Congressional Gold Medal and the Nobel Prize medal. Nobel Prize medals consist of 18 karat green gold plated with 24 karat gold, before 1980 they were struck in 23 karat gold. In the United States, Congress would enact a resolution asking the President to reward those responsible, the commanding officer would receive a gold medal and his officers silver medals. Other countries similarly honored their military and naval victors in a similar fashion, Medals have historically been given as prizes in various types of competitive activities, especially athletics. Traditionally, medals are made of the metals, Gold Silver Bronze Occasionally. This standard was adopted for Olympic competition at the 1904 Summer Olympics, at the 1896 event, silver was awarded to winners and bronze to runners-up, while at 1904 other prizes were given, not medals. At the modern Olympic Games, winners of a sporting discipline receive a medal in recognition of their achievement. At the Ancient Olympic Games only one winner per event was crowned with kotinos, aristophanes in Plutus makes a remark why victorious athletes are crowned with wreath made of wild olive instead of gold. When Tigranes, an Armenian general learned this, he uttered to his leader, what kind of men are these against whom you have brought us to fight. Men who do not compete for possessions, but for honour, hence medals were not awarded at the ancient Olympic Games. At the 1896 Summer Olympics, winners received a silver medal, in 1900, most winners received cups or trophies instead of medals. The next three Olympics awarded the winners solid gold medals, but the medals themselves were smaller, the use of gold rapidly declined with the onset of the First World War and also with the onset of the Second World War. The last series of Olympic medals to be made of gold were awarded at the 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm. Olympic Gold medals are required to be made from at least 92. 5% silver, all Olympic medals must be at least 60mm in diameter and 3mm thick. Minting the medals is the responsibility of the Olympic host, from the 1972 Summer Olympics through 2000, Cassiolis design remained on the obverse with a custom design by the host city on the reverse. Noting that Cassiolis design showed a Roman amphitheater for what originally were Greek games, Winter Olympics medals have been of more varied design
13.
Decathlon
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The decathlon is a combined event in athletics consisting of ten track and field events. The word decathlon is of Greek origin, from δέκα and ἄθλος, events are held over two consecutive days and the winners are determined by the combined performance in all. Performance is judged on a system in each event, not by the position achieved. The decathlon is contested mainly by athletes, while female athletes typically compete in the heptathlon. Traditionally, the title of Worlds Greatest Athlete has been given to the person who wins the Olympic decathlon. This began when King Gustav V of Sweden told Jim Thorpe, You, the current decathlon world record holder is American Ashton Eaton, who scored 9045 points at the 2015 IAAF World Championships. The event developed from the ancient pentathlon, pentathlon competitions were held at the ancient Greek Olympics. Pentathlons involved five disciplines – long jump, discus throw, javelin throw, sprint, introduced in Olympia during 708 BC, the competition was extremely popular for many centuries. By the sixth century BC, pentathlons had become part of religious games, the modern decathlon first appeared on the Olympic athletics program at the 1912 Games in Stockholm. The vast majority of international and top level mens decathlons are divided into a competition, with the track. Traditionally, all decathletes who finish the event, rather than just the winner or medal winning athletes, at major championships, the womens equivalent of the decathlon is the seven-event heptathlon, prior to 1981 it was the five-event pentathlon. However, in 2001, the IAAF approved scoring tables for a womens decathlon, the current world record holder is Austra Skujytė of Lithuania. Womens disciplines differ from mens in the way as for standalone events, the shot put, discus and javelin weigh less. The points tables used are the same as for the heptathlon in the shared events, the one-hour decathlon is a special type of decathlon in which the athletes have to start the last of ten events within sixty minutes of the start of the first event. The world record holder is Czech decathlete Robert Změlík, who achieved 7,897 points at a meeting in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia, in Masters athletics, performance scores are age graded before being applied to the standard scoring table. This way, marks that would be competitive within an age division can get rated, additionally, like women, the age divisions use different implement weights and lower hurdles. Based on this system, German Rolf Geese in the M60 division, using the same scale, Nadine OConnor scored 10,234 points in the W65 division, the highest decathlon score ever recorded. The decathlon tables should not be confused with the scoring tables compiled by Bojidar Spiriev, on those tables, for example, a decathlon score of 9,006 points equates to 1,265 comparison points, the same number as a triple jump of 18 m
14.
Knut Hamsun
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Knut Hamsun was a major Norwegian writer, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1920. Hamsuns work spans more than 70 years and shows variation with regard to the subject, perspective and he published more than 20 novels, a collection of poetry, some short stories and plays, a travelogue, and some essays. The young Hamsun objected to realism and naturalism and he argued that the main object of modernist literature should be the intricacies of the human mind, that writers should describe the whisper of blood, and the pleading of bone marrow. Hamsun is considered the leader of the Neo-Romantic revolt at the turn of the 20th century, with such as Hunger, Mysteries, Pan. His later works—in particular his Nordland novels—were influenced by the Norwegian new realism, portraying life in rural Norway and often employing local dialect, irony. Hamsun is considered to be one of the most influential and innovative literary stylists of the past hundred years, isaac Bashevis Singer called Hamsun the father of the modern school of literature in his every aspect—his subjectiveness, his fragmentariness, his use of flashbacks, his lyricism. The whole modern school of fiction in the twentieth century stems from Hamsun, on August 4,2009, the Knut Hamsun Centre was opened in Hamarøy. Since 1916, several of Hamsuns works have been adapted into motion pictures, Knut Hamsun was born as Knud Pedersen in Lom in the Gudbrandsdal valley of Norway. He was the son of Tora Olsdatter and Peder Pedersen. When he was three, the moved to Hamsund, Hamarøy in Nordland. They were poor and an uncle had invited them to farm his land for him, at nine Knut was separated from his family and lived with his uncle Hans Olsen, who needed help with the post office he ran. Olsen used to beat and starve his nephew, and Hamsun later stated that his chronic nervous difficulties were due to the way his uncle treated him. In 1874 he finally escaped back to Lom, for the five years he did any job for money, he was a store clerk, peddler, shoemakers apprentice, sheriffs assistant. At 17 he became an apprentice, at about the same time he started to write. He asked businessman Erasmus Zahl to give him significant monetary support, Hamsun later used Zahl as a model for the character Mack appearing in his novels Pan, Dreamers, and Benoni and Rosa. He spent several years in America, traveling and working at various jobs, working all those odd jobs paid off, and he published his first book about it, Den Gaadefulde, En Kjærlighedshistorie fra Nordland. In his second novel Bjørger, he attempted to imitate Bjørnstjerne Bjørnsons writing style of the Icelandic saga narrative, the melodramatic story follows a poet Bjørger and his love for Laura. This book was published under the pseudonym Knud Pedersen Hamsund and this book later served as the basis for Victoria, En Kærligheds Historie
15.
Nobel Prize in Literature
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Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, here work refers to an authors work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year, the academy announces the name of the chosen laureate in early October. Although the Nobel Prize in Literature has become the worlds most prestigious literature prize, many authors who have won the prize have fallen into obscurity, while others rejected by the jury remain widely studied and read. The prize has become seen as a political one - a peace prize in literary disguise, whose judges are prejudiced against authors with different political tastes to them. Tim Parks has expressed skepticism that it is possible for Swedish professors, as of 2016,16 of the 113 recipients have been of Scandinavian origin. The Academy has often been alleged to be biased towards European, Nobels vague wording for the criteria for the prize has led to recurrent controversy. In the original Swedish, the word translates as either idealistic or ideal. The Nobel Committees interpretation has varied over the years, in recent years, this means a kind of idealism championing human rights on a broad scale. Though Nobel wrote several wills during his lifetime, the last was written a little over a year before he died, Nobel bequeathed 94% of his total assets,31 million Swedish kronor, to establish and endow the five Nobel Prizes. Due to the level of surrounding the will, it was not until 26 April 1897 that the Storting approved it. The executors of his will were Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist, the members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee that were to award the Peace Prize were appointed shortly after the will was approved. The prize-awarding organisations followed, the Karolinska Institutet on 7 June, the Swedish Academy on 9 June, the Nobel Foundation then reached an agreement on guidelines for how the Nobel Prize should be awarded. In 1900, the Nobel Foundations newly created statutes were promulgated by King Oscar II, according to Nobels will, the Royal Swedish Academy was to award the Prize in Literature. Each year, the Swedish Academy sends out requests for nominations of candidates for the Nobel Prize in Literature and it is not permitted to nominate oneself. Thousands of requests are sent out each year, and as of 2011 about 220 proposals are returned and these proposals must be received by the Academy by 1 February, after which they are examined by the Nobel Committee. By April, the Academy narrows the field to around twenty candidates, by May, a short list of five names is approved by the Committee. The subsequent four months are spent in reading and reviewing the works of the five candidates. In October, members of the Academy vote and the candidate who receives more than half of the votes is named the Nobel laureate in Literature
16.
Sigrid Undset
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Sigrid Undset was a Norwegian novelist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1928. Undset was born in Kalundborg, Denmark, but her family moved to Norway when she was two years old, in 1924, she converted to Catholicism. She fled Norway for the United States in 1940 because of her opposition to Nazi Germany and the German invasion and occupation of Norway, but returned after World War II ended in 1945. Her best-known work is Kristin Lavransdatter, a trilogy about life in Scandinavia in the Middle Ages and its three volumes were published between 1920 and 1922. Sigrid Undset was born on 20 May 1882 in the town of Kalundborg, Denmark, at the childhood home of her mother. Undset was the eldest of three daughters and she and her family moved to Norway when she was two. She grew up in the Norwegian capital, Oslo, when she was only 11 years old, her father, the Norwegian archaeologist Ingvald Martin Undset, died at the age of 40 after a long illness. She joined the Norwegian Authors Union in 1907 and from 1933 through 1935 headed its Literary Council, while employed at office work, Undset wrote and studied. She was 16 years old when she made her first attempt at writing a set in the Nordic Middle Ages. The manuscript, a novel set in medieval Denmark, was ready by the time she was 22. It was turned down by the publishing house, nonetheless, two years later, she completed another manuscript, much less voluminous than the first at only 80 pages. She had put aside the Middle Ages and had produced a realistic description of a woman with a middle-class background in contemporary Kristiania. This book was refused by the publishers at first but it was subsequently accepted. The title was Fru Marta Oulie, and the opening sentence scandalised readers, thus, at the age of 25, Undset made her literary debut with a short realistic novel on adultery, set against a contemporary background. It created a stir, and she found herself ranked as a young author in Norway. During the years up to 1919, Undset published a number of set in contemporary Kristiania. Her contemporary novels of the period 1907–1918 are about the city and they are stories of working people, of trivial family destinies, of the relationship between parents and children. Her main subjects are women and their love, or, as she herself put it—in her typically curt and ironic manner—the immoral kind
17.
Olav Duun
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Olav Duun was a noteworthy author of Norwegian fiction. He is generally recognized to be one of the outstanding writers in Norwegian literature. He once lacked only one vote to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, Duun was born in the traditional district Ytre Namdal, on Jøa an island in the Namsen Fjord in Fosnes municipality, Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. His parents were Johannes Antonius Duun and Ellen Duun, Olav Duun was born Ole Johannesen Raaby. Duun was the oldest in a family of eight siblings, during his years as a boy his family lived at several farms on the island, the last one being Duun. He adopted the last name Duun when he left the island to start his training as a teacher and he attended the state school at Trøndelag. In 1901, Duun took a position as a teacher at Levanger in Nord-Trøndelag county. He completed the graduate teacher examination in 1904, in 1908, he was hired by the Ramberg school at Botne in Vestfold, where he combined teaching profession with writing poetry. He worked as a teacher in Holmestrand until 1927, at the age of fifty, he retired in order to devote his time to writing. Duun was known as one of the writers of 20th-century Norwegian fiction. He stands as a synthesis of the Norwegian folk spirit. Duun wrote in Landsmål, an amalgam of peasant dialects that developed into Nynorsk, in the period 1907-38 he published 25 novels, four short story collections and two childrens books. Many of his books incorporate the dialects of his subjects, peasants, fishermen and his novels analyze the psychological and spiritual characteristics of rural, peasant life. The most notable works are his six volume, The People of Juvik and this work was translated into English and published as, The Trough of the Waves, The Blind Man, The Big Wedding, Odin in Fairyland, Odin Grows Up and Storm. Olav and Emma Duuns House is the residence of Olav Duun and his wife Emma. There is a library containing manuscripts, letters, and other related to the writing career of Olav Duun. The first floor is at the disposal of recipients of the Duun Scholarship, in the garden, a memorial park has been constructed containing commemorative rocks with lyrical quotes from Olav Duun’s poems. The address is 20 Olav Duun Street
18.
Rut Brandt
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Rut Brandt became highly popular in Germany and a noted public figure in her role as First Lady of Berlin and the chancellors spouse. Born as Rut Hansen in Hamar, Norway, she worked initially in a bakery in Norway, at age 16, she joined a socialist youth group, which conducted political activities against the German occupation during the Second World War. In 1942, she fled to Sweden with one of her sisters, in Sweden, she married her Norwegian friend, Ole Olstadt Bergaust, who died in 1946. In 1944, Hansen met Willy Brandt, the later German Chancellor, after Bergausts death, Brandt and Hansen married in 1948. When Willy Brandt became chancellor in 1969, Rut Brandt was at his side as a very successful, however, when she in 1979 discovered that Brandt had an affair with Brigitte Seebacher, Rut Brandt filed for divorce. After the divorce had granted, Rut and Willy Brandt went their separate ways. When Brandt died in 1992, Brigitte Seebacher-Brandt did not allow Rut to attend the funeral – a decision which did not meet with acceptance in the German population, Rut Brandt died on 28 July 2006 in Berlin, aged 86, from undisclosed causes. Willy and Rut Brandt had three children, Peter Brandt, historian Lars Brandt, writer, filmmaker, artist Matthias Brandt, ISBN 978-3-455-08443-6 Wer an wen sein Herz verlor. ISBN 978-3-471-79461-6 Media related to Rut Brandt at Wikimedia Commons
19.
Willy Brandt
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He was the first Social Democrat chancellor since 1930. Brandt was originally considered one of the leaders of the wing of the SPD. He served as Foreign Minister and as Vice Chancellor in Kurt Georg Kiesingers cabinet, Brandt was controversial on both the right wing, for his Ostpolitik, and on the left wing, for his support of American policies, including the Vietnam War, and right-wing authoritarian regimes. The Brandt Report became a measure for describing the general North-South divide in world economics and politics between an affluent North and a poor South. Brandt was also known for his fierce anti-communist policies at the domestic level, Brandt resigned as chancellor in 1974, after Günter Guillaume, one of his closest aides, was exposed as an agent of the Stasi, the East German secret service. Willy Brandt was born Herbert Ernst Carl Frahm in the Free City of Lübeck on 18 December 1913 and his mother was Martha Frahm, a single parent, who worked as a cashier for a department store. His father was an accountant from Hamburg named John Möller, whom Brandt never met, as his mother worked six days a week, he was mainly brought up by his mothers stepfather, Ludwig Frahm, and his second wife, Dora. After passing his Abitur in 1932 at Johanneum zu Lübeck, he became an apprentice at the shipbroker and he joined the Socialist Youth in 1929 and the Social Democratic Party in 1930. He left the SPD to join the left wing Socialist Workers Party, which was allied to the POUM in Spain. In 1933, using his connections with the port and its ships and it was at this time that he adopted the pseudonym Willy Brandt to avoid detection by Nazi agents. In 1934, he took part in the founding of the International Bureau of Revolutionary Youth Organizations, Brandt was in Germany from September to December 1936, disguised as a Norwegian student named Gunnar Gaasland. The real Gunnar Gaasland was married to Gertrud Meyer from Lübeck in a marriage of convenience to protect her from deportation, Meyer had joined Brandt in Norway in July 1933. In 1937, during the Civil War, Brandt worked in Spain as a journalist, in 1938, the German government revoked his citizenship, so he applied for Norwegian citizenship. In 1940, he was arrested in Norway by occupying German forces, on his release, he escaped to neutral Sweden. In August 1940, he became a Norwegian citizen, receiving his passport from the Norwegian legation in Stockholm, in exile in Norway and Sweden Brandt learned Norwegian and Swedish. Brandt spoke Norwegian fluently, and retained a relationship with Norway. In late 1946, Brandt returned to Berlin, working for the Norwegian government, in 1948, he joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany and became a German citizen again, formally adopting the pseudonym Willy Brandt as his legal name. In 1950, Brandt, being a member of the federal parliament, being confronted with this during his life, Brandt always denied
20.
2006 in Norway
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Events in the year 2006 in Norway. Monarch, Harald V Prime Minister, Jens Stoltenberg 10 January – The Christian newspaper Magazinet publishes caricatures of the Prophet Muhammed,22 January – Islamic scholars threaten Denmark and Norway with boycotts after the publication of the Muhammed cartoons. 20 February – Agreement is reached between Denmark and Norway about where the border between Svalbard and Greenland should go,4 March – Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway is baptized in Slottskapellet in Oslo. 20 March – The Norwegian Food Safety Authority reports that Gilde is responsible for an outbreak of e. coli in Norway that has led to the death of one child and 13 hospitalized children,6 May – The Progress Party elects Siv Jensen as their new leader. 12 May – An Al-Qaida video on the internet encourages Muslims to attack Denmark, Norway,25 May – The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2011 is awarded to Oslo during the congress of the International Ski Federation in Faro, Portugal. 3 June – Salmonella is found in First Price salami, which in recent weeks has infected 35,7 June – A meteorite impact event occurs in northern Troms County, Norway. Locals compare the resultant explosion to the explosion at Hiroshima. The impact location was apparently desolate, and no damage or casualties are reported. 10 June – A man fires several shots at police in Herøy, the man later takes his own life. 19 June - The decision is made to build the Svalbard Global Seed Vault,1 July – The Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration is established. This is one of the biggest changes in the history of Norwegian welfare aid,24 August – Fritz Moen is acquitted of murder charges. 31 August – The Edvard Munch paintings The Scream and Madonna are found by the police, the paintings were stolen on 22 August 2004. The case made headlines locally and nationally, with accusations of unnecessary use of force and racism leveled at the local police, as well as uproar in African societies in Norway. 10 October – Atlantic Airways Flight 670, a BAe 146, slides off the runway at Stord, Norway,13 October – Solveig Fiske is appointed bishop of Hamar. December – Norsk Hydro reveals a proposal to merge its oil business with compatriate oil, gaining approval from both the EU and the Storting, the merger is completed by 1 October 2007. The service station chain HydroTexaco which was established in 1995 through a merger between Norsk Hydro and Texaco is sold to Reitangruppen, for football, see 2006 in Norwegian football 23 July – Tour de France 2006 is won by the Norwegian Thor Hushovd. 17 December – Norway wins the 2006 European Womens Handball Championship in Sweden, Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 200621 April – Free Jimmy, directed by Christopher Nielsen, was released in Norway. 26 May – The Bothersome Man, directed by Jens Lien, was released in Norway,25 August – Uro, directed by Stefan Faldbakken, was released in Norway
21.
2001 in Norway
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Events in the year 2001 in Norway. Monarch – Harald V Prime Minister – Jens Stoltenberg until 19 October, Kjell Magne Bondevik 26 January, marches take place simultaneously all over Norway. 25 March – The Schengen Agreement treaty comes into force in Norway,18 June - The state-owned oil and gas company Statoil is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. August – The Bratsberg Line in Nedre Telemark closes down,25 August – Wedding of Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway, and Mette-Marit Tjessem Høiby. 10 September – The 2001 Parliamentary election takes place, the Labour Party won a plurality of votes and seats, closely followed by the Conservative Party. 19 October – Bondeviks Second Cabinet was appointed,3 November – Population Census,4,520,900 inhabitants in Norway. 17 November – Eurasian harvest mouse is observed in Norway for the first time, haave, politician 14 June – Andreas Wormdahl, politician 2 July – Fredrik Stabel, illustrator and satirical writer. 18 November – Roar Hauglid, art historian,1 December – Olav Mosebekk, illustrator and painter
22.
1945 in Norway
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Events in the year 1945 in Norway. 9 February -29 Norwegians were executed by the Nazi regime in Norway as reprisal of Marthinsens death, among others Jon Vislie, Kaare Sundby and Haakon Sæthre. The extent and severity of the reprisals shocked the Norwegian population and government-in-exile,9 February - Black Friday, a large air battle between German and British aircraft over Sunnfjord. It was the largest aerial clash over Norway during World War II,7 May - Knut Hamsun released his obituary of Adolf Hitler. 8 May - The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany ended as German forces agreed to an unconditional surrender,8 May - Grini concentration camp was liberated, only to be used later for treason suspects under the name Ilebu. 8 May - Josef Terboven and Wilhelm Rediess committed suicide,9 May - Vidkun Quisling was arrested. 11 May - Sverre Riisnæs gave up his entrenchment at Skallum farm, jonas Lie died during the entrenchment. 11 May - Akershus Fortress surrendered by the Germans to Terje Rollem acting on behalf of the resistance,13 May - Heinrich Fehlis was arrested and committed suicide. 14 May - Henry Rinnan was arrested,31 May - Government returned from exile in London. 6 June - King Haakon VII of Norway returned to Norway,14 June - Knut Hamsun was apprehended. 20 June - Paal Berg gave up plans to form a broad,25 June - Prime Minister Johan Nygaardsvold resigned as Haakon VII appointed Einar Gerhardsen to head an interim government composed of all political parties. 6 July - Norway declares war on Japan,25 July – Gerhardsens First Cabinet was appointed. 17 August - Reidar Haaland was executed,8 October - The 1945 Parliamentary election takes place. 24 October - Vidkun Quisling was executed by firing squad at Akershus Fortress,5 November – Gerhardsens Second Cabinet was appointed. 24 December - Henry Rinnan escaped from prison, only to be apprehended later, IG Farben was the largest stock-holder in Norsk Hydro. The two companies first formed a partnership in 1927. The newspaper Verdens Gang was founded, the periodical Kvinnen og Tiden is founded. Municipal and county elections are held throughout the country
23.
Thorleif Schjelderup
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Thorleif Schjelderup was a Norwegian ski jumper, author and environmentalist. He was born to Ferdinand Schjelderup and Marie Leigh Vogt and his father was a Supreme Court judge, a mountaineering pioneer, and a leader of the Norwegian resistance movement during World War II. His son grew up in Oslo, where he took up ski jumping and he placed fourth at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1940 and second in 1946 and 1948. In 1948 he also won medals at the national championships and Winter Olympics. On 15 March 1950 he became the first Norwegian athlete to break the 100 m barrier when he jumped over 106 m in Planica and he retired in 1953 to become a ski jumping coach with Italian and Norwegian national teams. Besides ski jumping Schjelderup was known as an author, photographer and he published 10 books, mostly about ski jumping and nature, including the first Norwegian textbook on environmentalism for the elementary school in 1973. Schjelderup was married to the Norwegian actress and playwright Sossen Krohg from 1942 to 1947, in 1948 he met the African-American singer Anne Brown. She moved with him to Oslo where the couple eventually married, after their separation in 1969 he lived with the musical actress and singer Ranveig Eckhoff until 1985, and for several years they stayed in Stockholm. Thorleif Schjelderup at the International Ski Federation
24.
Ole J. Kleppa
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Ole J. Kleppa was a Norwegian-born physical chemist and a pioneer and leading authority in the study of metals, molten salts, ceramics and minerals at high temperatures. Kleppa was a professor at the University of Chicago, where he held appointments in the Department of Chemistry, the Department of Geophysical Sciences, the James Franck Institute, and he was the director of the James Franck Institute and the Materials Research Laboratory. Kleppa was born in Kristiania, Norway to Per and Karen Kleppa, after completing secondary school, Kleppa received his Master of Science degree in chemical engineering in 1946 and his Ph. D. in 1956 from the Norwegian Institute of Technology. His education, however, was interrupted by the German invasion of Norway, as a leader in student government, Kleppa helped organize organized readings at which participants extolled freedom and Norwegian nationalism and took part in other resistance activities. Feeling that the situation was getting dangerous, Kleppa along with five or six others then decided to disguise themselves as berry pickers and flee Norway for neutral Sweden. After the war, Kleppa learned from his aunt that he crossed the border on the day that she had received a letter from the Gestapo seeking to question him. After a year of teaching chemistry and physics in Uppsala, Sweden he flew to Great Britain, Kleppa served as an officer in a Norwegian military unit while in Britain. In 1943, he was sent to Iceland for eight months to teach U. S. soldiers to work in cold weather environments, in Iceland Kleppa also befriended Kristjan Eldjarn, who later became Icelands third president. The Author of over 350 scientific publications, Ole Kleppa worked at the University of Chicago from 1947 until his death in 2007 and he arrived at the University shortly after marrying his wife, Abbie Joy Stodder. As a scientist at Chicago, Kleppa developed a series of calorimeters capable of making difficult scientific measurements less complicated, kleppa’s calorimeters determined how much energy a particular compound alloy, or mineral requires to form. The results of these findings were much sought after by engineers and scientists working on marketable applications, Ole Kleppa also made a unique contribution to the field of molten salts, as his measurements and methods gave rise to great progress in the field. Kleppa served as the Associate Director of the James Franck Institute from 1968 to 1971 and he also served as Director of the Materials Research Lab at the University of Chicago from 1984 to 1987. During his career, he held positions on the board of editors of the Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, Journal of Physical Chemistry, Kleppa retired as a Professor Emeritus in 1990, but he maintained his lab and continued to receive grants until his death. He held on to his Norwegian citizenship until 2000, when he became a U. S. citizen and he was a friend and colleague of R. Stephen Berry, Stuart Rice, Robert Gomer, Thomas Rosenbaum, and Nobel Laureates Yoichiro Nambu and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. Ole Kleppa died on May 27,2007 at University Medical Center in Lubbock, following his death, Norwegian scientist Stein Julsrud said It is truly one of the most important contributors to physical chemistry in the post-war era that has now passed away. Ole Kleppa Scientist Ole Kleppa dies at 87 Ole Kleppa, Chemist, 1920-2007
25.
2007 in Norway
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Events in the year 2007 in Norway. Monarch – Harald V Prime Minister – Jens Stoltenberg 13 January – The Greek ship Server breaks in half off the Norwegian coast,15 January – TV2 Nyhetskanalen starts broadcasting and becomes Norways first 24-hour news channel. 9 March – Gerd-Liv Valla resigns as the leader of the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions,10 March – Workers Communist Party and Red Electoral Alliance, as well as their common youth organization Red Youth, merge to become the Red Party. 12 March – In a radio interview on NRK P3, painter Marianne Aulie names two people who attempted to drug and rape her,3 April – A 41-year-old man admits to have killed Inger Johanne Apenes in 1978 as a 13-year-old. 26–27 April – NATO summit in Oslo,30 April – A 35-year-old woman and her 7-year-old niece is found murdered in Overhalla, Nord-Trøndelag. The womans ex-husband was later arrested for the murder,17 May – Docks located in Trondheim is completely destroyed in a fire. 23 August – Per Ditlev-Simonsen resigned as mayor of Oslo after it was revealed that he held a secret Swiss bank account for which he did not pay the Norwegian wealth tax on,10 September – Municipal and county elections are held throughout the country. 1 October – The merging of the oil businesses between the two Norwegian companies Norsk Hydro and Statoil, to form StatoilHydro, which was announced in December 2006, is completed. 24 November –3 people are killed and 24 are injured when a bus overturns in the Verdal municipality,28 November – Terra Securities files for bankruptcy as a result of the Terra Securities scandal. 1 December – The Lofoten Mainland Connection officially opens, giving access to Lofoten from the surrounding municipalities. 12 December – Statfjord oil spill, thousands of tonnes of oil were spilled into the North Sea during the loading of a tanker at the Statfjord oil field, the spill, estimated at 21,750 barrels, was Norways second largest ever oil spill. 30 December – Five people were injured after an explosion in a residential building in Lund, Rogaland. The explosion occurred due to tampering with fireworks, Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 20072 February – The Junior Olsen Gang and the Silver Mine Mystery, directed by Arne Lindtner Næss, was released in Norway. 23 February – USA vs. Al-Arian, directed by Line Halvorsen, was released in Norway,2 March – Mirush, directed by Marius Holst, was released in Norway. 30 March – On a Tightrope, directed by Petr Lom, was released in Norway, the film was awarded Grand Prix at the Chicago International Documentary Film Festival 2007. 18 July – Sigurd Kalheim, politician 25 July – Bjørn Egge, military officer 27 July – Arnt Gudleik Hagen, politician 6 August – Atle Selberg, mathematician
26.
1978 in Norway
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Events in the year 1978 in Norway. All eighteen people on board are killed in the crash,28 August – At Hopen, Svalbard, a Soviet Tupolev Tu-16 aircraft accidentally crashes at the sides of Werenskioldfjellet. 7 September – Skateboarding is banned in Norway,22 October – Lillestrøm wins the 1978 Norwegian Football Cup final by beating Brann 2–1. Harald Sverdrup, poet and childrens writer, is awarded the Dobloug Prize literature award. B, sculptor Trond Frønes, musician Ray Kay, photographer 16 January – Otto Dahl, politician 16 January – Svein Helling, sport shooter 18 January – John Lyng, barrister and politician. 21 January – Olav Sundal, gymnast and Olympic silver medallist,21 February – Raoul Heide, fencer. 3 March – Georg Morgenstierne, linguist 13 March – Kaare Bache,1 April – Olaf Nygaard, cyclist 18 April – Alex Brinchmann, childrens physician and songwriter, novelist, playwright and crime writer. 25 April – Arne Rustadstuen, Nordic skier, Olympic bronze medallist and World Champion 4 May – Kolbjørn Fjeld, librarian,8 May – Klara Amalie Skoglund, politician 9 May – Halvor Bunkholt, politician 20 May – Bjarne Brustad, composer and violinist. 15 August – Viggo Brun, mathematician 15 August – Hartvig Kiran, poet,30 September – Eiliv Skard, classical philologist. 2 October – Sjur Johnsen, wrestler,15 October – Rolf Stenersen, track and field athlete, businessman, art collector, non-fiction writer, essayist, novelist, playwright and biographer. 17 October – Robert Giertsen, sailor 17 October – Sigurd Evensmo, author, poulsson, judge Lita Prahl, actress and costume designer Carl Søyland, newspaper editor
27.
Anne-Cath. Vestly
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Vestly was a Norwegian author of children’s literature whose stature in Norwegian society can somewhat be compared to Swedens famous childrens book author Astrid Lindgren among Swedish people. She was born Anne Catharina Schulerud in Rena, Åmot in Hedmark and her first book, Ole Aleksander Filibom-bom-bom, eventually developed into a series of twelve books. Her most famous work Eight Children and a Truck concerns a family with eight children living in an apartment in Oslo. It was the first in a series of nine books, the last of which was published in 2000 about the children’s grandmother, the series is known as the Eight Children series in English and was published in English translation by Methuen. It is one of the most famous Norwegian childrens book series, Methuen has also published several of Vestlys other childrens books, including those of the Aurora series. Vestly also worked as an actress, playing Grandma in the television and screen versions of Grandma and she also co-starred with Alf Prøysen in Kanutten og Romeo Klive, a popular childrens television show. She married Johan Vestly in 1946, who illustrated all her books until his death in 1993, Vestly was also the sister of Mentz Schulerud and aunt of Ingrid Schulerud, married to Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg. Vestly was diagnosed with Alzheimers disease in early 2006, according to her family, she had shown signs of dementia for several years prior to her diagnosis. She spent her years living in a nursing home in Mjøndalen
28.
2008 in Norway
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Monarch, Harald V Prime Minister, Jens Stoltenberg January 1 – The Agency for Public Management and eGovernment is established. January 1 – Nordic Battlegroup consisting of forces from Sweden, Finland, Norway, Republic of Ireland. January 1 – Mercury becomes banned from use in Norway, January 11 – Norwegian police announce that they have arrested a 55-year-old man suspected of being the sexual predator known as The Pocket Man. 13 January – A school in Lørenskog is closed after threats of a school shooting came from a video on YouTube, a 15-year-old was arrested for the threat. January 21 – The OBX Index drops 6. 4%, then the second biggest fall since August 1991, February 21 – An earthquake measuring 6.1 on the moment magnitude scale hits Svalbard. This oblique-slip shock had a maximum Mercalli intensity of IV and was the strongest earthquake ever to hit Norway, February 23 – The 8 km Eiksund Tunnel near Volda in Møre og Romsdal is opened. February 26 – The Svalbard Global Seed Vault is officially opened,28 February – Three people were arrested in Oslo, accused of having participated in the financing of terrorist acts abroad. February 29 – Anniken Huitfeldt is appointed Minister of Children and Equality, March 1 – Austrian Matthias Lanzinger collides with a gate during a World Cup Super-G run at Kvitfjell, resulting in injuries that lead to his left leg being amputated below the knee two days later. 28 March – Norway recognizes Kosovo as an independent state,12 April – Official opening of the Oslo Opera House. 15 May – Ingeborg Synnøve Midtømme is appointed bishop of the diocese of Møre, june 11 – Norway legalises same-sex marriage. September 9 – The OBX Index drops 5. 57%, then the fourth biggest drop ever. September 29 – In conjunction with the liquidity crisis the index of Oslo Stock Exchange drops 8. 3%, then its third largest drop ever in one day. October 6 – The OBX Index drops 9. 71%, the third largest drop ever in one day, October 8 – The OBX Index drops 6. Author Stig Sæterbakken resigns as the content director in protest over the decision. October 15 – The OBX Index drops 8. 81% October 24 – The OBX Index drops 9, March 29– The Norwegian Premier League 2008 kicks off, lasting through November 2. November 2– The Norwegian Premier League 2008 ends, september 29 – Emma Tallulah Behn, the daughter of Princess Märtha Louise of Norway and Ari Behn. December 15 – Anne-Catharina Vestly, childrens author December 27 – Arild Andresen, footballer and ice hockey player
29.
Ivo Caprino
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Ivo Caprino was a Norwegian film director and writer, best known for his puppet films. His most famous film is Flåklypa Grand Prix, made in 1975, in the mid-1940s, Caprino helped his mother design puppets for a puppet theatre, which inspired him to try making a film using his mothers designs. The result of their collaboration was Tim og Tøffe, an 8-minute film released in 1949, Ingeborg Gude made the puppets for these films as well, as she would continue to do up until her death in the mid sixties. When making Tim og Tøffe, Caprino invented a method for controlling the puppets movements in real time. The technique can be described as a primitive, mechanical version of animatronics, Caprinos films received rave reviews, and he quickly became a celebrity in Norway. In particular, the public were fascinated with the technology used to make his films. In addition to the films, Caprino produced dozens of advertising films with puppets. In 1959, he directed a live action film, Ugler i Mosen. He then embarked on his most ambitious project, a film about Peter Christen Asbjørnsen. The plan was to use live action for the sequences showing Asbjørnsen, in 1970, Caprino and his small team of collaborators, started work on a 25 minutes TV special, which would eventually become The Pinchcliffe Grand Prix. Based on a series of books by Norwegian cartoonist and author Kjell Aukrust, the TV special was a collection of sketches based on Aukrusts books, with no real story line. Theodore works as a repairman, though he spends most of his time inventing weird Rube Goldberg-like contraptions. One day, the trio discover that one of Theodores former assistants, Rudolph Gore-Slimey, has stolen his design for a car engine. Theodore then enters a race, and ends up winning, beating Gore-Slimey despite his attempts at sabotage, the film was made in 3.5 years by a team of approximately 5 people. Caprino directed and animated, Bjarne Sandemose built the sets and the cars, when it came out in 1975, The Pinchcliffe Grand Prix was an enormous success in Norway, selling 1 million tickets in its first year of release. It remains the biggest box office hit of all time in Norway and was released in many other countries. To help promote the film abroad, Caprino and Sandemose built a replica of Il Tempo Gigante that is legal for public roads. Caprino was the son of furniture designer Mario Caprino and the artist Ingeborg Gude and he was born and died in Oslo, but lived all of his life at Snarøya in Bærum
30.
1967 in Norway
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Events in the year 1967 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Per Borten 1 January - The Norwegian National Insurance Act was introduced,22 October – The opening of the Tjeldsund Bridge. 24 November – The voting age in Norway was set to 20 years of age, municipal and county elections are held throughout the country. The Government Pension Fund of Norway was established by the Norwegian National Insurance Act Per Hansson, journalist, hallvard Rieber-Mohn, writer and Dominican priest, is awarded the Riksmål Society Literature Prize. Astrid Tollefsen, poet, is awarded the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature for the poetry collection Hendelser,21 February – Marianne Aasen, politician 7 March – Helje Solberg, journalist
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