1.
Roger Peckinpaugh
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Roger Thorpe Peckinpaugh was an American professional baseball player shortstop and manager. He played in Major League Baseball from 1910 through 1927, during which he played for the Cleveland Naps, New York Yankees, Washington Senators, Nap Lajoie discovered Peckinpaugh as a high school student, and signed him to his first professional contract. Peckinpaugh debuted with the Naps, who traded him to the Yankees in 1913 and he managed the Yankees for 20 games in 1914 and was the team captain for the remainder of his time with the club. The Senators acquired Peckinpaugh, where he continued to play until his final season, after his playing career, Peckinpaugh managed the Indians from 1928 through 1933 and in 1941. He was also a minor league manager, and served in the front office of the Indians. Peckinpaugh was considered an excellent defensive shortstop and strong leader, when he managed the Yankees, he became the youngest manager in MLB history. He was named American League Most Valuable Player in 1925 and he played in the World Series three times, winning the 1924 World Series with the Senators, losing the 1921 World Series with the Yankees, and losing the 1925 World Series with the Senators. Peckinpaugh was born in Wooster, Ohio, the child of Frank. At a young age, the Peckinpaughs moved from Wooster to Cleveland and he attended East Technical High School, where he played American football, basketball, and baseball. There, Nap Lajoie of the Cleveland Naps, who lived in the same neighborhood, Lajoie signed Peckinpaugh to a contract with a salary of $125 per month when he graduated from high school in 1910. The Naps started Peckinpaughs professional career by assigning him to the New Haven Prairie Hens of the Class-B Connecticut League and he was promoted to the Naps to make his Major League Baseball debut in September 1910, playing in 15 games for the Naps at age 19. The Naps assigned Peckinpaugh to the Portland Beavers of the Class-A Pacific Coast League for the entire 1911 season and he appeared in 70 games for the Naps in 1912, batting only.212. On May 25,1913, after giving the starting position to Ray Chapman. The Naps soon regretted the trade, with the Yankees, Peckinpaugh emerged as a team leader. He was named captain in 1914 by manager Frank Chance, Chance resigned with three weeks remaining in the season, and Peckinpaugh served as player–manager for the remainder of the season, at the age of 23, he became the youngest manager in MLB history. He finished the 1914 season fifth in the AL with 38 stolen bases, Bill Donovan was hired as the Yankees manager in the offseason. In the 1914–15 offseason, Peckinpaugh considered leaving the Yankees to join the Federal League, as he received offers from the Chicago Federals, Buffalo Blues, and Indianapolis Hoosiers. After considering the offer from Chicago, he chose to stay with the Yankees and he resigned with the Yankees in 1918
2.
Dave Bancroft
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David James Bancroft was an American baseball shortstop and manager. Born in Sioux City, Iowa, Bancroft played in minor league baseball from 1909 through 1914, the Giants traded for Bancroft during the 1920 season. After playing for the Giants through the 1923 season, he became player-manager of the Braves, after he was fired by the Braves, Bancroft played two seasons for the Robins and ended his playing career with the Giants the next season. He coached with the Giants, then managed in the minor leagues, Bancroft was part of the Giants World Series championship teams in 1921 and 1922. He was also a part of the National League pennant-winning teams of 1915 and 1923, considered an excellent defensive shortstop and a smart ball player, Bancroft was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1971. However, his election was not without controversy, as the Veterans Committee included former teammates of Bancroft, Bancroft was born in Sioux City, Iowa, the youngest of three children of Ella and Frank Bancroft. Frank worked as a vendor on the Milwaukee Railroad. Bancroft attended Hopkins Grade School and Sioux City High School, in the summer after his junior year of high school, at the age of 18, Bancroft began his professional career in 1909 with the Duluth White Sox of the Class-D Minnesota–Wisconsin League. Bancroft did not have success, registering a.210 batting average and.917 fielding percentage in 111 games. The Superior Blues acquired Bancroft at midseason, and he remained there through the 1911 season, Bancroft finished the 1911 season with a.273 batting average and 41 stolen bases, and the Blues won the league championship. The Portland Beavers of the Class-AA Pacific Coast League drafted Bancroft from Superior for the 1912 season and he struggled in 1912, batting.207, and was demoted to the Portland Colts of the Class-B Northwestern League in 1913. While with the Beavers, Bancroft earned the nickname Beauty, for his habit of referring to pitches as beauties while he batted, before the 1915 season, the Philadelphia Phillies purchased Bancroft from Portland for $5,000. Portlands manager was quoted as saying he did not expect Bancroft would last with the Phillies, in his rookie season, Bancroft finished second in the National League to teammate Gavvy Cravath in walks, third in runs scored, and tied Fred Luderus for sixth in home runs. For his ability to hit with power from both sides of the plate, The Pittsburgh Press declared he was developing into a second Honus Wagner, the Phillies won their first NL pennant in 1915, but lost the 1915 World Series to the Boston Red Sox. Bancrofts offense contributed to the Phillies victory in Game 1, as he had an infield hit leading to the Phillies winning run, though the Phillies batted.182 as a team in the series, Bancroft batted.294. Bancroft batted third in the Phillies lineup in 1916, however, he slumped to a.212 batting average that season, the lowest of his career. Despite his offensive struggles, he gained recognition for his skills. Bancroft feuded with Cravath, who became the Phillies manager in 1919, before the 1919 season, Bancroft requested a trade to the Cincinnati Reds, but the trade request was not granted
3.
Polo Grounds
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The Polo Grounds was the name of three stadiums in Upper Manhattan, New York City, used mainly for professional baseball and American football from 1880 until 1963. The third Polo Grounds, built in 1890 and renovated after a fire in 1911, is the one generally indicated when the Polo Grounds is referenced. It was located in Coogans Hollow and was noted for its distinctive shape, very short distances to the left and right field walls. As the name suggests, the original Polo Grounds, opened in 1876, in baseball, the original Polo Grounds was home to the New York Metropolitans from 1880 until 1885, and the New York Giants from 1883 until 1888. The Giants played in the second Polo Grounds for part of the 1889 season and all of the 1890 season, and at the third and fourth Polo Grounds from 1891 through 1957. The Polo Grounds was also the field of the New York Yankees from 1913 until 1922. It hosted the 1934 and 1942 Major League Baseball All-Star Games, in football, the third Polo Grounds was home to the New York Brickley Giants for one game in 1921 and the New York Giants from 1925 to 1955. The New York Jets of the American Football League played at the stadium from the inaugural season of 1960 through 1963. Other sporting events held at the Polo Grounds included soccer, boxing, the last sporting event at the Polo Grounds was a football game between the New York Jets and the Buffalo Bills on December 14,1963. Shea Stadium opened in 1964 and replaced the Polo Grounds as the home of the Mets and Jets, the Polo Grounds was demolished over a period of four months that year and a public housing complex, known as the Polo Grounds Towers, was built on the site. The original Polo Grounds stood at 110th Street between Fifth Avenue and Sixth Avenue, directly across 110th Street from the northeast corner of Central Park. The venues original purpose was for the sport of polo, and its name was merely descriptive, not a formal name. For this purpose the ownership built a second diamond and grandstand at the park, dividing it into eastern and western fields for use by the Giants and Metropolitans respectively. Polo Grounds I thus hosted its first Major League Baseball games in 1883 as the stadium of two teams, the American Association Metropolitans and the National League Gothams. George Cricket Grounds on Staten Island in 1886, the original Polo Grounds was used not only for Polo and professional baseball, but often for college baseball and football as well—even by teams outside New York. The earliest known surviving image of the field is an engraving of a game between Yale University and Princeton University on Decoration Day, May 30,1882. Yale and Harvard also played their traditional Thanksgiving Day game there on November 29,1883, New York City was in the process of extending its street grid into uptown Manhattan in 1889. Plans for an extended West 111th Street ran through the Polo Grounds, City workers are said to have shown up suddenly one day and begun cutting through the fence to lay out the new street
4.
John McGraw
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John Joseph McGraw, nicknamed Little Napoleon and Mugsy, was a Major League Baseball player and long-time manager of the New York Giants. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1937, while primarily a third baseman throughout his career, he also played shortstop and the outfield in the major leagues. Much lauded as a player, McGraw was one of the standard-bearers of dead-ball era baseball, even with his success and notoriety as a player, he is best known for his managing, especially since it was with a team so popular as the New York Giants. His total of 2,763 victories in that capacity ranks second overall behind only Connie Mack, McGraw is widely held to be the best player to become a great manager in the history of baseball. McGraw also held the MLB record for most ejections by a manager until Bobby Cox broke the record in 2007, McGraws father, whose name was also John, and his older brother Michael immigrated from Ireland in 1856. Their last name is spelled McGrath but pronounced McGraw and he and his brother had arrived in time for the Civil War, and were drawn into the conflict as part of the Union army. Shortly after the war, he married and McGraws older half-sister was born, John McGraw, Sr. s first wife died, and he began moving around looking for work—a search that ultimately led him to Truxton, New York, in 1871. It was there that the elder John McGraw married young Ellen Comerfort and they had the younger John McGraw on April 7,1873. The younger John McGraw was named John after his father, even as a baby, young Johnny had raven hair, and eyes so dark that many people thought they were black. The boys birth was the first of many to the family, the sheer number of children, combined with the paucity of well-compensated work led to hard times for the large family. It was often a struggle simply to have food for everyone. Tragedy struck the family in the summer of 1883, when a debilitating fever swept through the family, johnnys half-sister Annie,13, was the first to succumb, and his mother died shortly thereafter. By the time September 1883 had passed, three more McGraw children had died, the devastated family moved from their house in the country into a hotel in town. Johnnys father, understandably bitter, heaped even more responsibility on the boys shoulders. He became abusive toward the boy, and later on in 1885, from that day onward, he was raised by a kindly neighbor, Mary Goddard, under whose care he did quite well. He quickly became the best player on his school team, shortly after his 16th birthday, he began playing for his towns team, the Truxton Grays, making a favorable impression on their manager, Albert Bert Kenney. While he could play any position, his ability to throw a big curveball made him the star pitcher, McGraws relationship with Kenney precipitated his professional playing career. In 1890, Kenney bought a portion of the new professional franchise in Olean
5.
Miller Huggins
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Miller James Huggins was an American professional baseball player and manager. Huggins played second base for the Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals and he managed the Cardinals and New York Yankees, including the Murderers Row teams of the 1920s that won six American League pennants and three World Series championships. He received a degree in law from the University of Cincinnati, rather than serve as a lawyer, Huggins chose to pursue a professional baseball career. He played semi-professional and minor league baseball from 1898 through 1903, as a player, Huggins was adept at getting on base. Despite fielding successful teams for the Yankees in the 1920s, he continued to make changes in order to maintain his teams superiority in the AL. He was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1964, Huggins was born in Cincinnati, where his father, an Englishman, worked as a grocer. His mother was a native of Cincinnati and he had two brothers and one sister. Huggins attended Woodward High School, Walnut Hills High School, where he studied law and played college baseball for the Cincinnati Bearcats baseball team. A shortstop, he was named captain of the Bearcats in 1900. Seeing him consumed with baseball, his law professors summoned him to justify why they should keep him in the law program, Huggins father, a devout Methodist, objected to his son playing baseball on Sundays. In 1900, he played for Fleischmanns semiprofessional team based in the Catskill Mountains and he was admitted to the bar, but never practiced law. Huggins began his career in minor league baseball with the Mansfield Haymakers of the Class B Interstate League in 1899. He continued his minor league apprenticeship with the St. Paul Saints of the American Association from 1901 through 1903, in 1903, he pulled off the first delayed steal in recorded baseball history. Fleischmann, part-owner of the Cincinnati Reds of the National League, the Reds duly purchased his contract from the Saints before the 1904 season. He made his MLB debut on April 15,1904, and he batted.264 with the Reds that season and improved in the 1906 season, finishing with a.292 batting average and 41 stolen bases, while spending considerable time developing his upper-body strength. Although Huggins hoped to be selected as Ned Hanlons successor as Cincinnatis manager after the 1907 season, in 1908, He played with the Reds in the Cuban-American Major League Clubs Series. Hampered by an ankle and torn ligaments in his shoulder. Before the 1910 season, the Reds traded Huggins, along with Frank Corridon and Rebel Oakes, to the St. Louis Cardinals in return for Fred Beebe and Alan Storke
6.
Cy Rigler
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Charles Cy Rigler was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the National League from 1906 to 1935. His total of 4,144 games ranked fourth in league history when he retired. Rigler is tied with ODay for the second most World Series as an umpire, Rigler has also been credited with instituting the practice of using arm signals when calling balls and strikes. Born in Massillon, Ohio, Rigler never played baseball in his younger days and his first major league game was on September 27,1906, with the Brooklyn Dodgers visiting the Chicago Cubs, he became a member of the NLs regular staff in April 1907. Rigler joined the majors at a time when the use of one umpire in a game was still common, by the time his career ended, three umpires had become standard. The ensuing controversy over league umpires signing players for teams whose games they would be officiating led to the establishment of a rule barring umpires from also acting as scouts. Rigler was highly regarded for his nature and for his ability to let criticism roll off his back without becoming visibly irritated. He allowed players and managers to make their arguments, and demonstrated a willingness to eject only the most egregious offenders. Rigler officiated in 10 World Series, second only to Bill Klems 18,1910,1912,1913,1915,1917,1919,1921,1925,1928 and 1930 and he was also one of the umpires in the first All-Star Game in 1933. When Rice emerged from the crowd with the ball in his glove, Riglers call of a catch, washington won the game 4-3, although they went on to lose the Series to Pittsburgh. Rigler was again the base umpire on August 25,1922, Rigler was promoted to supervisor of the NL staff in December 1935 following the death of Hank ODay, but he never got the opportunity to fulfill his duties. He died less than two weeks later, following surgery for a tumor, in Philadelphia at age 53. Archived from the original on 2012-02-26
7.
George Moriarty
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George Joseph Moriarty was an American third baseman, umpire and manager in Major League Baseball from 1903 to 1940. He played for the Chicago Cubs, New York Highlanders, Detroit Tigers, Moriarty was born in Chicago, where he grew up near the Union Stock Yards. He made his league debut on September 7,1903 at the age of 19 with the Cubs. He was an average hitter but an outstanding baserunner, with 20 or more bases in eight consecutive seasons and 248 career stolen bases. He played his last major league game on May 4,1916 with the White Sox, afterward, he became an American League umpire from 1917 to 1940, interrupted only by a 2-year stint as manager of the Tigers in 1927-28. He was one of the ALs most highly regarded umpires in his era, working in the 1921,1925,1930,1933 &1935 World Series, on Memorial Day in 1932, Moriarty worked behind the plate for a Cleveland Indians home game against the White Sox. When several Chicago players took exception to his calls, he challenged them to settle the dispute under the stands of League Park after the game, pitcher Milt Gaston took him on first but Moriarty knocked him flat, breaking his hand. Several White Sox, including manager Lew Fonseca and catcher and future AL umpire Charlie Berry, the next day, AL president Will Harridge issued numerous fines and a 10-day suspension for Gaston. It is reported that once while Moriarty was umpiring, none other than Babe Ruth stepped out of the batters box, when he did so, Ruth reportedly replied, Just as I thought, only one I. The baseball card shown to the left of this text, however, Moriarty also was noted for coming to the defense of Tiger slugger Hank Greenberg in the 1935 World Series, when he warned several Chicago Cubs to stop yelling antisemitic slurs at Greenberg. When they defied him and kept up the abuse, he took the step of clearing the entire Chicago bench—a move that got him fined by longtime Commissioner/Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis. In his biography, Greenberg recalled, Much later in my career George Moriarty, back in the early 1900s he played third base for Detroit, and he used to steal home. Somebody wrote a poem about him, and the title was Never Die on Third Moriarty, all through the rest of his life George felt he knew something about stealing home. When he was umpiring on third base, and on occasion when Id get on third, I never had the guts enough to try, because I didn’t think I could make it. Id run down the line, and hed keep insisting that I take a bigger lead, I was always afraid that I was going to get picked off. But it was interesting to see Moriarty, who was umpiring at third base and it became a joke among the players, but I never got up the nerve to try it. Despite his combative field persona Moriarty was quite congenial off the field, on the other hand, during 1944 divorce proceedings his wife testified, His attitude toward the next-door neighbors was of intense hatred for no reason whatever. One time he heard the neighbors radio and he was so angry he carried our radio to the open window next to the neighbor and turned it on full blast for about three hours
8.
Ernest C. Quigley
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Ernest Cosmos Quigley was a Canadian-born American sports official who became notable both as a basketball referee and as an umpire in Major League Baseball. He also worked as an American football coach and official, born in Canada and raised in Concordia, Kansas, Quigley attended college and law school at the University of Kansas. There he played basketball under the games inventor, James Naismith. He became the football coach at Kansas Wesleyan University and then the athletic director at the University of Kansas. Quigley refereed college basketball for 40 years and umpired more than 3,000 Major League Baseball games, as a college football official, he worked in several bowl games and served on the Rules Committee of the NCAA for several years. Quigley died in Kansas in 1960, Quigley was born in Newcastle, New Brunswick, and was raised in Concordia, Kansas where he was a prominent member of the high school football team in the 1890s. Quigley was a student of basketball inventor James Naismith at the University of Kansas. After graduating he served as a coach, teacher and athletic director at St. Marys College in St. Marys, Kansas from 1903 until 1912, while also attending law school at the University of Kansas. Quigley was the head football coach for the Kansas Wesleyan University Coyotes located in Salina, Kansas and he held that position for the 1919 season. The team lost its one-game on November 22,1919 against Fort Hays State University by a score of 26 to 0. In 1944, Quigley became the director at the University of Kansas, where he hired coaches George Sauer, Jules V. Sikes. Quigley officiated at more than 1,500 collegiate and Amateur Athletic Union games during his 40-year career, rather than using his whistle, the small-statured Quigley often used his high-pitched voice to command attention in supervising play. In 1944 he became director at Kansas, serving until 1950. He was enshrined in the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1961 and he also participated in a 1928 baseball tour of Japan, and later became an NL supervisor of umpires. After a 1933 game, Quigley was found unconscious by partner George Barr following a shock from an exposed wire. His 3,351 games as an umpire ranked seventh in league history when he retired. Quigley Field, the University of Kansas first baseball stadium, was named after him, Quigley also served as an official in major college football contests including the Army–Navy Game, five Harvard–Yale games, the Michigan–Illinois game, three Rose Bowls, and the Cotton Bowl Classic. He was a member of the NCAAs Rules Committee from 1946 to 1954, Quigley married Marge Darlington in Concordia
9.
Ollie Chill
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Oliver Perry Chill was a Major League Baseball umpire who worked in the American League from 1914 to 1916 and from 1919 to 1922. Chill umpired in the 1921 World Series, in his career, he umpired 1,028 Major League games. Off the field, Chill was involved in a 1923 fight that led to the death of one man. Though Chill was acquitted of the murder and a shooter came forward. On May 15,1914, Chill was attacked after a game at the Polo Grounds by New York Yankees fans who were upset by calls that Chill had made that game, Chill was eventually ushered to the umpires room by police. In January 1923, Chill was one of several men questioned in the death of Edward J. McGregor, when police broke into the apartment after reports of a shooting, they found Chill under a bed, with the other men each in separate rooms. Nevertheless, Chill was dismissed from the American League by league president Ban Johnson following the incident, in 1926, Chill was dismissed as an umpire from the American Association for registering at a Kansas City hotel where he had been given specific orders not to stay. In 1927, Chill filed suit against the league for $200,000 in damages, Chill dropped the suit in November of that year after an out-of-court settlement. Prior to his career, Chill boxed under the name Jack Ryan. He also ran a fish house specializing in Florida stone crab in Pass-a-Grille. In 1933, Chill was named as one of Minnesotas official boxing referees after retiring from umpiring in baseballs International League the year before, list of Major League Baseball umpires The Sporting News Umpire Card
10.
Jesse Burkett
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Jesse Cail Burkett, nicknamed Crab, was a left fielder in Major League Baseball from 1890 to 1905. After his playing career, Burkett managed in the minor leagues and he was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946. Burkett was born in Wheeling, West Virginia, to Granville and his father was a laborer and painter who worked for the Wheeling and Belmont Bridge Company. Beginning his professional career as a pitcher, he won 27 games at the age of 19 in 1888 in Scranton, Pennsylvania and he acquired his nickname, Crab, due to his serious disposition. Burkett made his league debut for the New York Giants of the National League in 1890 and had a batting average of.309. He was then purchased by the Cleveland Spiders in February 1891, in 1892, he hit.275 and was among the leagues top ten players in runs scored and triples. The next season, his average increased to.348. He remained in the top ten in walks in almost every season throughout his career, in 1895, he batted.405 and led the NL in batting average and hits. The following season, he set a career-high in batting average, at.410, and led the league in batting average, hits, Burkett was the second player in major league history to bat over.400 twice, the first being Ed Delahanty. The Spiders finished second in 1895 and 1896 and played the Baltimore Orioles both seasons in the Temple Cup series, beating the Orioles in 1895, in March 1899, Burkett was assigned to the St. Louis Perfectos. He played for the Perfectos/Cardinals for three seasons, in 1901, he led the NL in batting average, on-base percentage, hits, and runs scored. Before the 1902 season, Burkett jumped to the St. Louis Browns of the American League and he played for the Browns for three seasons and then finished his major league career with the Boston Americans in 1905. Burkett holds the record for the most inside-the-park home runs in MLB history, of the players in his era, Burkett is second in career hits. Burkett managed the New England Leagues Worcester Busters from 1906 to 1915 and played games for the team. In 1906, he led the league with a.344 batting average, newspapers described Burkett as retiring from baseball in 1916. He secured a position with a factory in Worcester in December. However, he signed on as a coach with College of the Holy Cross late that month, in four seasons as Holy Cross, Burkett amassed an 88-12-1 record, nine players on his 1919 team were designated All-East players. Burkett managed sporadically in the leagues until 1933
11.
Christy Mathewson
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He was among the most dominant pitchers in baseball history, and ranks in the all-time top ten in several key pitching categories, including wins, shutouts, and ERA. In fact, he is the only pitcher in history to rank in the top ten both in career wins and in career ERA, if taking 19th century pitchers statistics into account. Mathewson grew up in Factoryville, Pennsylvania, and began playing baseball when he was 14 years old. He played in the leagues in 1899, recording a record of 21 wins. He pitched for the New York Giants the next season but was sent back to the minors and he would eventually return to the Giants and go on to win 373 games in his career, a National League record. He led the Giants to victory in the 1905 World Series by pitching three shutouts, Mathewson never pitched on Sundays, owing to his Christian beliefs. Mathewson served in the United States Armys Chemical Warfare Service in World War I and his respiratory system was weakened from the exposure, causing him to contract tuberculosis, from which he died in Saranac Lake, New York. Mathewson was born in Factoryville, Pennsylvania and attended school at Keystone Academy. He attended college at Bucknell University, where he served as class president and he was also a member of the fraternity of Phi Gamma Delta. His first experience of baseball came in 1895, when he was just 14 years old. The manager of the Factoryville ball club asked him to pitch in a game with a team in Mill City. Mathewson helped his team to a 19-17 victory, but with his batting rather than his pitching. He continued to play baseball during his years at Bucknell, pitching for minor league teams in Honesdale and Meridian, Mathewson was selected to the Walter Camp All-American football team in 1900. In 1899, Mathewson signed to professional baseball with Taunton of the New England League. The next season, he moved on to play on the Norfolk team of the Virginia-North Carolina League and he finished that season with a 20–2 record. He continued to attend Bucknell during that time period, in July of that year, the New York Giants purchased his contract from Norfolk for $1,500. Between July and September 1900 Mathewson appeared in six games for the Giants and he started one of those games and compiled a 0–3 record. Displeased with his performance, the Giants returned him to Norfolk, later that month, the Cincinnati Reds picked up Mathewson off the Norfolk roster
12.
Frankie Frisch
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Frank Francis Frisch, nicknamed The Fordham Flash or The Old Flash, was a German American Major League Baseball player and manager of the first half of the twentieth century. Frisch was a second baseman who threw right-handed. He played for the New York Giants and St. Louis Cardinals and he managed the Cardinals, Pittsburgh Pirates and Chicago Cubs. He is a member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, born in The Bronx, New York City, Frisch attended Fordham Preparatory School, graduating in 1916. He went on to Fordham University where he continued to star in four sports, baseball, football, basketball and his speed earned him the nickname The Fordham Flash. In 1919, Frisch left Fordham to sign with the New York Giants of the National League and he made an immediate impact, finishing third in the NL in stolen bases and seventh in RBI in 1920, his first full season. Manager John McGraw was so impressed by Frisch that he named him team captain. The Giants played Frisch at both base and second base early in his career, but by 1923 he was installed as the teams full-time second baseman. Frisch batted over.300 in his last six seasons with New York and he was also an expert fielder and a skilled baserunner. In 1921, he led the National League with 48 steals, in 1923 in hits, with Frisch adding his fiery competitiveness to the team, the Giants won the World Series in 1921 and 1922, winning the NL pennant the following two seasons as well. Frisch is tied with Pablo Sandoval for the franchise post-season multi-hit games record of 15, after the 1926 season, Frisch was traded – with pitcher Jimmy Ring – to the St. Louis Cardinals in exchange for star Rogers Hornsby. Playing second base for the Cardinals, Frisch appeared in four more World Series and he was the driving force of the Gashouse Gang, the nickname for the Cardinals clubs of the early 1930s, which were built around him to reflect his no-holds-barred approach. The Cardinals had won only one pennant before Frisch joined the team, Frisch played eleven seasons with the Cardinals. In 1931, he was voted the Most Valuable Player in the National League after batting.311 with 4 home runs,82 RBI, the 1931 Cardinals also triumphed in the World Series, defeating Connie Macks defending two-time champion Philadelphia Athletics in seven games. Frisch became player-manager of the Cardinals in 1933, and was named to the NLs first three All-Star teams from 1933-35, in 1934, he managed the Cardinals to another seven-game World Series victory – this time over the Detroit Tigers. Frisch finished his career in 1937. His career statistics totaled a.316 batting average, still the highest ever for a switch hitter and he also stole 419 bases in his nineteen playing seasons. His hit total stood as the record for switch-hitters until Pete Rose surpassed it in 1977, Frisch also hit.300 for his career from each side of the plate, the only other switch-hitter with more than 5,000 at-bats with this distinction is Chipper Jones
13.
George Kelly (baseball)
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George Lange Kelly, nicknamed Long George and High Pockets, was a Major League Baseball first baseman. He played most of his MLB career for the New York Giants, but also played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Cincinnati Reds, Chicago Cubs, Kelly is a two-time World Series champion. He led the National League in home runs once and runs batted in twice, however, his selection is regarded as controversial, as many believe he is undeserving of the recognition and was only elected by the Veterans Committee because it consisted of his former teammates. Kelly began his career for the Victoria Bees of the Class-B Northwestern League in 1914 and 1915. During the 1915 season, he was purchased by the New York Giants from Victoria for $1,200, the Giants were rebuilding their team, and they saw Kelly as a possible replacement for Fred Merkle. However, he played sparingly for the Giants in his first MLB seasons and he was selected off waivers by the Pittsburgh Pirates on July 25,1917 to back up Honus Wagner, but did not hit sufficiently. The Pirates waived Kelly, and he was reclaimed by the Giants from the Pirates on August 4,1917, the Giants optioned Kelly to the Rochester Hustlers of the Class-AA International League, where he played the rest of the 1917 season. Kelly did not play professionally in 1918 due to his military service, the Giants sold Kelly to Rochester before the 1919 season to acquire Earl Smith. Finding success in Rochester, Kelly was purchased by the Giants in 1919 when Hal Chase was suspended and he became a regular in the Giants line-up in 1920, when he had a league-leading 94 runs batted in. He led the league in assists and putouts in 1920 and 1921, Kelly batted in 100 or more runs for four consecutive seasons and hit for a batting average of.300 or higher six consecutive seasons. He opened the 1921 season with at least one hit and one RBI in eight consecutive games, the Giants appeared in the World Series in 1921,1922,1923, and 1924, winning in 1921 and 1922. Kelly set a National League record with seven runs in six consecutive games in 1924, which has since been matched by Graig Nettles, Walker Cooper. In the final series of the 1924 season, the Giants were playing the Philadelphia Phillies at the Polo Grounds, jimmy OConnell offered Phillies shortstop Heinie Sand $500 to intentionally lose the games. Sand rejected the bribe and reported it to Phillies manager Art Fletcher and it eventually led to the lifetime suspension of OConnell and Giants coach Cozy Dolan by Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis. OConnell implicated Kelly, Frankie Frisch, and Ross Youngs as co-conspirators, however, Commissioner Landis cleared Kelly, Frisch and Youngs of any wrongdoing. That following offseason, Kelly, Sam Bohne and other Major League Baseball players agreed to play basketball with OConnell. National League president John Heydler insisted that anyone who played with OConnell could be suspended, the Giants were also displeased with Kellys arrangement, as they were concerned about the chance he could injure himself in non-baseball activity. However, Kelly had not played in any games at that point and he was removed from the roster and thus avoided suspension by MLB
14.
Ross Youngs
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Ross Middlebrook Pep Youngs was an American professional baseball player. Nicknamed Pep, he played ten seasons in Major League Baseball for the New York Giants from 1917 through 1926, Youngs was a part of the Giants teams that won four consecutive National League pennants and the 1921 and 1922 World Series. From Shiner, Texas, Youngs excelled at baseball and American football at the West Texas Military Institute, after beginning his professional career in minor league baseball, the Giants signed him in 1916. Youngs had a lifetime.322 batting average with the Giants and batted over.300 nine times in his career and his career was cut short by illness, however, as he died at the age of 30 of Brights disease. Youngs was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1972 by the Veterans Committee and his election was not without controversy, however, as the Veterans Committee consisted of his former teammates, and charges of cronyism were leveled against the committee. Youngs was born in Shiner, Texas, the second of three children, all sons and his father was a railroad worker, but suffered disability and moved his family to San Antonio where he worked as a rancher. Youngs mother ran a hotel in San Antonio and Youngs had a paper route. Youngs was educated at West Texas Military Institute and he received offers for scholarships to play college football but passed on these, as he preferred baseball. He made his professional debut for the Austin Senators of the Texas League in 1914. Appearing in 17 games, he hit just, Youngs reported to spring training in Marlin, Texas with the Giants in 1917. They initially assigned him to the Rochester Hustlers, a team in the International League with which the Giants had a working relationship, Giants manager John McGraw told Mickey Doolan, the manager of the Hustlers, Im giving you one of the greatest players Ive ever seen. If anything happens to him, Im holding you responsible, in 140 games with Rochester, Youngs hit.356, earning himself a late-season promotion to the big league club. McGraw gave Youngs the nickname Pep due to his hustle and soon began to groom Youngs to become his successor as Giants manager. Youngs made his league debut on September 25 and played in seven of the last nine games of the season for the eventual National League pennant-winners, six in center field. In those seven games he went 9-for-26 with two doubles and three triples, in 1918 regular Giants right fielder Dave Robertson left the team to manage a local military ballclub, and Youngs was given the full-time job out of spring training. Batting exclusively left-handed, Youngs responded by batting.302 in 121 games and it would be the first of seven straight seasons in which he hit.300 as a regular, and the second of eight overall counting his brief stint in 1917. He also finished sixth in the NL with a.368 on-base percentage, the next season Robertson was traded to the Chicago Cubs for pitcher Phil Douglas, leaving Youngs to become a fixture in right field for the Giants. Youngs finished third in the NL in 1919 with a.311 batting average and his.351 batting average in 1920 was second in the NL to Rogers Hornsby
15.
Home Run Baker
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John Franklin Home Run Baker was an American professional baseball player. A third baseman, Baker played in Major League Baseball from 1908 to 1922, for the Philadelphia Athletics, Baker has been called the original home run king of the majors. Baker was a member of the Athletics $100,000 infield and he helped the Athletics win the 1910,1911 and 1913 World Series. After a contract dispute, the Athletics sold Baker to the Yankees, Baker appeared with the Yankees in the 1921 and 1922 World Series, though the Yankees lost both series, before retiring. Baker led the American League in home runs for four consecutive years and he had a batting average over.300 in six seasons, had three seasons with more than 100 runs batted in, and two seasons with over 100 runs scored. Bakers legacy has grown over the years, and he is regarded by many as one of the best power hitters of the deadball era, during his 13 years as a major league player, Baker never played a single inning at any position other than third base. Baker was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1955, Baker was born on March 13,1886, to Franklin Adams Baker and Mary Catherine on their farm in Trappe, Maryland. The Bakers, who were of English descent, had been farmers in Trappe for six generations and his mother, of Scottish descent, was reported to be a distant relative of Robert E. Lee. Baker enjoyed working on his fathers farm, but he aspired to become a baseball player from the age of ten. In Trappe, most of the attended the local baseball teams games on Saturdays. Franks older brother, Norman, was known in the town for his playing ability. Norman once tried out for the Philadelphia Athletics, but he did not like that city, Baker pitched for the local high school baseball team and worked as a clerk at a butcher shop and grocery store owned by relatives. He signed with a local baseball team based in Ridgely, Maryland, in 1905. The team, which was managed by Buck Herzog, paid him $5 per week, Herzog found that Baker could not pitch well, but that he could hit. Baker was unable to play the outfield well, but he was able to move into the infield as a third baseman for Ridgely, in 1906, Baker played for Sparrows Point Club in Baltimore, earning $15 per week. He received an offer to play for a team in the Class C Texas League in 1907 and he instead signed with an independent team based in Cambridge, Maryland. A scout for the New York Giants of the National League noticed Baker while he was playing for Sparrows Point and they arranged for Baker to receive a tryout with the Baltimore Orioles of the Class A Eastern League late in the 1907 season. Playing in five games, Baker recorded two hits, both singles, in 15 at-bats, Orioles manager Jack Dunn decided that Baker could not hit, and Baker was released
16.
Babe Ruth
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George Herman Babe Ruth Jr. was an American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935. Ruth established many MLB batting records, including home runs, runs batted in, bases on balls, slugging percentage, and on-base plus slugging. Ruth is regarded as one of the greatest sports heroes in American culture and is considered by many to be the greatest baseball player of all time, in 1936, Ruth was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame as one of its first five inaugural members. At age seven, Ruth was sent to St, in 1914, Ruth was signed to play minor-league baseball for the Baltimore Orioles but was soon sold to the Red Sox. By 1916, he had built a reputation as a pitcher who sometimes hit long home runs. With regular playing time, he broke the MLB single-season home run record in 1919, after that season, Red Sox owner Harry Frazee sold Ruth to the Yankees amid controversy. The trade fueled Bostons subsequent 86 year championship drought and popularized the Curse of the Bambino superstition, in his 15 years with New York, Ruth helped the Yankees win seven American League championships and four World Series championships. As part of the Yankees vaunted Murderers Row lineup of 1927, Ruth hit 60 home runs and he retired in 1935 after a short stint with the Boston Braves. During his career, Ruth led the AL in home runs during a season twelve times, Ruths legendary power and charismatic personality made him a larger-than-life figure in the Roaring Twenties. During his career, he was the target of press and public attention for his baseball exploits. His often reckless lifestyle was tempered by his willingness to do good by visiting children at hospitals, after his retirement as a player, he was denied a managerial job in baseball, most likely due to poor behavior during parts of his playing career. In his final years, Ruth made many appearances, especially in support of American efforts in World War II. In 1946, he became ill with cancer, and died two years later, George Herman Ruth Jr. was born in 1895 at 216 Emory Street in Pigtown, a working-class section of Baltimore, Maryland, named for its meat-packing plants. Its population included recent immigrants from Ireland, Germany and Italy, Ruths parents, George Herman Ruth, Sr. and Katherine Schamberger, were both of German American ancestry. According to the 1880 census, his parents were born in Maryland, the paternal grandparents of Ruth, Sr. were from Prussia and Hanover. Ruth, Sr. had a series of jobs, including lightning rod salesman and streetcar operator, before becoming a counterman in a combination grocery. George Ruth Jr. was born in the house of his grandfather, Pius Schamberger. Only one of young Georges seven siblings, his younger sister Mamie, many details of Ruths childhood are unknown, including the date of his parents marriage
17.
KDKA (AM)
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KDKA is a Class A radio station, owned and operated by CBS Radio and licensed to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Its studios are located at the combined CBS Radio Pittsburgh facility in the Foster Plaza on Holiday Drive in Green Tree, the stations programming is also carried over KDKA-FMs 93.7 HD2 digital subchannel. Its nighttime signal covers much of eastern North America, during the war, Westinghouse received government contracts to develop radio transmitters and receivers for military use. They used recently developed vacuum tube equipment that was capable of audio communication, previous spark gap transmitters could only be used to transmit the dots-and-dashes of Morse code. At the time of the entry of the United States into World War I in April 1917, with the end of the war, the government contracts were canceled. However, Westinghouse moved aggressively to establish itself as a national and international provider of radio communication, the effort to establish Westinghouses radio industry presence was led by company vice president H. P. Davis. However, because of the competitive advantage RCA had in international and marine communications, in September 1920, a newspaper report noted that a new high-power station, to operate under a special or commercial license, is being installed at the Westinghouse plant in East Pittsburgh. This Limited Commercial grant was consistent with the practice being followed at this time. At this time, radio stations in the United States were regulated by the Department of Commerces Bureau of Navigation, beginning with the introduction of licensing in late 1912, the standard practice had been to assign call letters starting with W to radio stations in the eastern United States. Although the original policy was restored a few later, KDKA was permitted to keep its non-standard call sign. Prior to World War I, Frank Conrad had operated an experimental radiotelegraph station, following the war, the U. S. government again allowed the operation of civilian radio stations, and Conrad revived 8XK, which was located in a detached two-story garage at his residence. He used the knowledge gained during the period to upgrade his station to begin making audio transmissions. On October 17,1919 Conrad made the first of what would become a series of entertainment broadcasts. H. P. Davis held a meeting with his radio cabinet. On August 31,1920, the Detroit News, whose Detroit News Radiophone began making daily broadcasts on August 20, had broadcast local primary election results. Westinghouses preparations included the construction of a shack and antenna system on the roof of the nine story K Building at the East Pittsburgh Works in Turtle Creek, Pennsylvania. Frank Conrad had originally planned to broadcast the results over 8XK, in cooperation with the American Radio Relay League. He and Donald G. Little had primary responsibility for constructing a 100 watt vacuum-tube transmitter, a telephoned temporary authorization was received to operate under the call sign of 8ZZ
18.
Pittsburgh
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Pittsburgh is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County. The city proper has a population of 304,391. The metropolitan population of 2,353,045 is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia, the second-largest in Pennsylvania, and the 26th-largest in the U. S. The city features 30 skyscrapers, two inclines, a fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers. Aside from steel, Pittsburgh has led in manufacturing of aluminum, glass, shipbuilding, petroleum, foods, sports, transportation, computing, autos, and electronics. For part of the 20th century, Pittsburgh was behind only New York and Chicago in corporate headquarters employment, Americas 1980s deindustrialization laid off area blue-collar workers and thousands of downtown white-collar workers when the longtime Pittsburgh-based world headquarters moved out. The area has served also as the federal agency headquarters for cyber defense, software engineering, robotics, energy research. The area is home to 68 colleges and universities, including research and development leaders Carnegie Mellon University, the region is a hub for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, sustainable energy, and energy extraction. Pittsburgh was named in 1758 by General John Forbes, in honor of British statesman William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham. The current pronunciation, which is unusual in English speaking countries, is almost certainly a result of a printing error in some copies of the City Charter of March 18,1816. The error was repeated commonly enough throughout the rest of the 19th century that the pronunciation was lost. After a public campaign the original spelling was restored by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1911. The area of the Ohio headwaters was long inhabited by the Shawnee, the first known European to enter the region was the French explorer/trader Robert de La Salle from Quebec during his 1669 expedition down the Ohio River. European pioneers, primarily Dutch, followed in the early 18th century, Michael Bezallion was the first to describe the forks of the Ohio in a 1717 manuscript, and later that year European fur traders established area posts and settlements. In 1749, French soldiers from Quebec launched an expedition to the forks to unite Canada with French Louisiana via the rivers, during 1753–54, the British hastily built Fort Prince George before a larger French force drove them off. The French built Fort Duquesne based on LaSalles 1669 claims, the French and Indian War, the North American front of the Seven Years War, began with the future Pittsburgh as its center. British General Edward Braddock was dispatched with Major George Washington as his aide to take Fort Duquesne, the British and colonial force were defeated at Braddocks Field. General John Forbes finally took the forks in 1758, Forbes began construction on Fort Pitt, named after William Pitt the Elder while the settlement was named Pittsborough
19.
WBZ (AM)
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WBZ is a Class A radio station, owned and operated by CBS Radio and licensed to Boston, Massachusetts. WBZ additionally transmits using the HD Radio digital format, and its programming is carried on WBZ-FMs HD3 digital subchannel. The stations studios are in Allston, Boston, and its site is at Hull. WBZ is a designated Primary Entry Point for the Emergency Alert System, WBZ currently features an all-news format during the day and talk radio at night. Its nighttime signal covers most of eastern North America, WBZ was first licensed on September 15,1921, and was originally located in Springfield, Massachusetts, before moving to Boston in 1931. It is the oldest broadcasting station in New England, and one of the oldest stations in the United States, WBZ currently runs an all-news format during the day and a talk radio format at night. The station was the home of talk host David Brudnoy for 18 years and it was also the radio home for decades of pioneering Boston meteorologist Don Kent. WBZ has long been one of the stations in the Boston area. WBZ has also heavily involved in charitable work, with its annual Christmastime fund drive for Bostons Childrens Hospital being the most high-profile. WBZs inaugural program on September 19 was a remote broadcast originating from the Eastern States Exposition in West Springfield, by early 1922 WBZs studios were set up at the luxurious Hotel Kimball in Metro Center Springfield. Programs consisted of entertainment and information, including live music, sports, farm reports, special events. Because of its reach, the station often referred to itself as WBZ, New England. Even after increasing its power to 2,000 watts by April 1925. This led Westinghouse to inaugurate, on August 20,1925, for nearly a year while the technology was being perfected WBZA shifted between the two transmitting frequencies, before finally going to full-time synchronous operation in June 1926. The power of the WBZ transmitter in East Springfield continued to be boosted, on March 31,1926 it was granted permission to operate with 5,000 watts, and by 1927 it was operating with 15,000 watts. On November 11,1928, under the provisions of the Federal Radio Commissions General Order 40, WBZ, amidst the technical changes, WBZ also began engaging in network activities. This paved the way for the station to become an affiliate of the National Broadcasting Company on November 15,1926. With this change the station began running commercials for the first time
20.
Springfield, Massachusetts
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Springfield is a city in western New England, and the seat of Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. Springfield sits on the bank of the Connecticut River near its confluence with three rivers, the western Westfield River, the eastern Chicopee River, and the eastern Mill River. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 153,060. Metropolitan Springfield, as one of two areas in Massachusetts, had an estimated population of 698,903 as of 2009. The first Springfield in the New World, it is the largest city in Western New England, and the urban, economic and it is the third-largest city in Massachusetts and fourth-largest in New England after Boston, Worcester, and Providence. Hartford, the capital of Connecticut, lies 23.9 miles south of Springfield, bradley International Airport, which sits 12 miles south of Metro Center Springfield, is Hartford-Springfields airport. Springfield was founded in 1636 by English Puritan William Pynchon as Agawam Plantation under the administration of the Connecticut Colony, in 1641 it was renamed after Pynchons hometown of Springfield, Essex, England, following incidents that precipitated the settlement joining the Massachusetts Bay Colony. From 1777 until its closing during the Vietnam War, the Springfield Armory attracted skilled laborers to Springfield, arsenal at Springfield during Shays Rebellion of 1787 led directly to the formation of the U. S. Springfield is located at 42°6′45″N 72°32′51″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 33.2 square miles, of which 32.1 square miles is land and 1.1 square miles is water. Once nicknamed The City in a Forest, Springfield features over 4, aside from its rivers, Springfields 2nd most prominent topographical feature is the citys 735 acres Forest Park, designed by renowned landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted. Forest Park also borders Western Massachusetts most affluent town, Longmeadow, Springfield shares borders with other well-heeled suburbs such as East Longmeadow, Wilbraham, Ludlow and the de-industrializing city of Chicopee. The small cities of Agawam and West Springfield, Massachusetts lie less than a mile from Springfields Metro Center, across the Connecticut River. The City of Springfield also owns the Springfield Country Club, which is located in the city of West Springfield, Massachusetts. Springfield, like other cities in southern New England, has a continental climate with four distinct seasons. Winters are cold with a average in January of around 26 °F. During winter, noreaster storms can drop significant snowfalls on Springfield, Springfields summers are very warm and sometimes humid. During summer, several times per month, on hot days afternoon thunderstorms will develop when unstable warm air collides with approaching cold fronts, the daily average in July is around 74 °F. Usually several days during the summer exceed 90 °F, constituting a heat wave, Spring and fall temperatures are usually pleasant, with mild days and crisp, cool nights
21.
WABC (AM)
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WABC, known as NewsTalkRadio 77 WABC is a radio station in New York City. Owned by the division of Cumulus Media, the station broadcasts on a clear channel and is the flagship station of the Westwood One Network. WABC shares studio facilities with sister stations WNSH, WPLJ, WABCs transmitter is located in Lodi, New Jersey. Its 50,000 watt non-directional clear channel signal can be heard at night much of the eastern U. S. Beginning January 2009, its programming has also carried on WPLJs HD3 digital sub-channel. One of the countrys oldest radio stations, WABC began broadcasting, originally as WJZ in Newark, New Jersey, WABC has programmed a talk radio format since 1982. The station uses on-air slogans such as Breaking News and Stimulating Talk, New Yorks 50,000 Watt Beacon of Freedom, many WABC hosts moved on to national syndication. The station currently serves as the flagship for syndicated talk-radio hosts Mark Levin, John Batchelor and Don Imus. It was where the nationally syndicated programs hosted by Rush Limbaugh and Sean Hannity got their start, from 1981 to 1982, WABC ran a full service news intensive adult contemporary format with some talk and sports programming weekday evenings. During this time, WABC was among the most listened to stations in North America. WABCs only current sports contract is with the United States Military Academy for Army football games. In addition to the aforementioned Yankees coverage, the station served two stints as the flagship for the New York Jets and was also the home of the New Jersey Devils beginning in 1988. WABC also previously carried Seton Hall University mens basketball, early in its Top 40 incarnation, WABC served as the original radio flagship of the New York Mets. A notable aspect of WABCs Mets coverage was Howard Cosell and former Brooklyn Dodgers pitcher Ralph Branca handling the pre-, the station lost those rights to WHN following the 1963 season. The Jets first called WABC home in the 1980s, but left toward the end of the decade for WCBS, the team would return to the station in 2000 after spending the previous seven seasons on WFAN. After then-sister station WEPN became the Jets flagship, WABC began simulcasting the games over their airwaves due to its stronger signal, the arrangement ended in 2008 as WEPN began simulcasting all its programming on two other stations. In December 2001, broadcast rights to the Yankees were lost after 21 years to WCBS, WABC also lost the radio rights to the Devils in 2005, as New Jerseys hockey team moved to WFAN to substitute for the stations loss of the New York Rangers to WEPN. The loss of evening sports programming has forced WABC to attempt to solidify its evening talk lineup, WJZs studio and transmitter were initially housed in a shack located on the factory roof, that was only accessible by ladder
22.
Newark, New Jersey
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Newark is the most populous city in the U. S. state of New Jersey and the seat of Essex County. For 2015, the Census Bureaus Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 281,944, Newark is the second largest city in the New York metropolitan area, located approximately 8 miles west of lower Manhattan. Settled in 1666 by Puritans from New Haven Colony, Newark is one of the oldest European cities in the United States and its location at the mouth of the Passaic River, has made the citys waterfront an integral part of the Port of New York and New Jersey. Today, Port Newark-Elizabeth is the container shipping terminal of the busiest seaport on the American East Coast. In addition, Newark Liberty International Airport was the first municipal airport in the United States. Several leading companies have their headquarters in Newark, including Prudential, PSEG, Panasonic Corporation of North America, Audible. com, IDT Corporation, the U. S. District Court for the District of New Jersey sits in the city as well. Local cultural venues include the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, Newark Symphony Hall, The Prudential Center and the Newark Museum. Newark is divided into five wards, the East, West, South, North and Central wards. Newarks Branch Brook Park is the oldest county park in the United States and is home to the nations largest collection of cherry blossom trees, Newark was settled in 1666 by Connecticut Puritans led by Robert Treat from the New Haven Colony. It was conceived as an assembly of the faithful, though this did not last for long as new settlers came with different ideas. On October 31,1693 it was organized as a New Jersey township based on the Newark Tract, Newark was granted a Royal charter on April 27,1713. It was incorporated on February 21,1798 by the New Jersey Legislatures Township Act of 1798, during its time as a township, portions were taken to form Springfield Township, Caldwell Township, Orange Township, Bloomfield Township and Clinton Township. Newark was reincorporated as a city on April 11,1836, replacing Newark Township, the previously independent Vailsburg borough was annexed by Newark on January 1,1905. In 1926, South Orange Township changed its name to Maplewood, as a result of this, a portion of Maplewood known as Ivy Hill was re-annexed to Newarks Vailsburg. During the American Revolutionary War British troops made several raids into the town, the city has experienced revitalization since the 1990s. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had an area of 26.107 square miles. It has the third-smallest land area among the 100 most populous cities in the U. S. behind neighboring Jersey City and Hialeah, the citys altitude ranges from 0 in the east to approximately 230 feet above sea level in the western section of the city. Newark is essentially a large basin sloping towards the Passaic River, historically, Newarks high places have been its wealthier neighborhoods
23.
Grantland Rice
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Henry Grantland Rice was an early 20th-century American sportswriter known for his elegant prose. His writing was published in newspapers around the country and broadcast on the radio, Grantland Rice was born in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, the son of Bolling Hendon Rice, a cotton dealer, and his wife, Mary Beulah Rice. His grandfather Major H. W. Rice was a Confederate veteran of the Civil War, on the football team, he lettered in the year of 1899 as an end and averaged two injuries a year. On the baseball team, he was captain in 1901, Vanderbilt coach Dan McGugin in Spaldings Football Guides summation of the season in the SIAA wrote, The standing. First, Vanderbilt, second, Sewanee, a mighty good second, Rice coached the 1908 Vanderbilt baseball team. After taking early jobs with the Atlanta Journal and the Cleveland News, the job at the Tennessean was given to him by former Sewanee Tigers coach Billy Suter, who coached baseball teams against which Rice played while at Vanderbilt. Afterwards he obtained a series of jobs with major newspapers in the Northeastern United States. In 1914 he began his Sportlight column in the New York Tribune and he also provided monthly Grantland Rice Sportlights as part of Paramount newsreels from 1925–1954. In dramatic lore they are known as famine, pestilence, destruction and their real names are, Stuhldreher, Miller, Crowley and Layden. The passage added great import to the event described and elevated it to a level far beyond that of a football game. He became even better known after his columns were nationally syndicated beginning in 1930 and he and his writing are among the reasons that the 1920s in the United States are sometimes referred to as the Golden Age of Sports. Rices all-time All-America backfield was Jim Thorpe, Red Grange, Ken Strong and his sense of honor can be seen in his own actions. Before leaving for service in World War I, he entrusted his entire fortune, about $75,000, on his return from the war, Rice discovered that his friend had lost all the money in bad investments, and then had committed suicide. Rice accepted the blame for putting “that much temptation” in his friends way, Rice then made monthly contributions to the man’s widow throughout his life. Appleton and Company of New York, Rice married Fannie Katherine Hollis on April 11,1906, they had one child, the actress Florence Rice. Rice died at the age 73 on July 13,1954 and he is interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, New York City. For when the One Great Scorer comes To mark against your name, He writes – not that you won or lost – But how you played the Game. The loafer has no come-back and the quitter no reply, When the Anvil Chorus echoes, as it will, against the sky, But there’s one quick answer ready that will wrap them in a hood, Make good
24.
1920 World Series
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In the 1920 World Series, the Cleveland Indians beat the Brooklyn Dodgers, then known interchangeably as the Robins in reference to their manager Wilbert Robinson, in seven games, five games to two. This series was a series, like the first World Series in 1903. The only World Series triple play, the first World Series grand slam, the Indians won the series in memory of their former shortstop Ray Chapman, who had been killed earlier in the season when struck in the head by a pitched ball. The triple play was unassisted and turned by Clevelands Bill Wambsganss in Game 5, Wambsganss, playing second base, caught a line drive off the bat of Clarence Mitchell, stepped on second base to put out Pete Kilduff, and tagged Otto Miller coming from first base. It was the second of fifteen unassisted triple plays in baseball history. Mitchell made history again in the inning by hitting into a double play. The fifth game saw the first grand slam in World Series history. And in that game, Brooklyn outhit Cleveland but lost 8–1. Cleveland had won the American League pennant in a race with the Chicago White Sox. The Yankees, with their recently acquired star Babe Ruth, were almost ready to start their eventual World Series dynasty, for Cleveland, it would prove to be one of their few successes in a long history of largely either poor or not-quite-good enough clubs. It is notable that all seven games of the 1920 World Series were won by the team who scored first, in fact, Game 4 was the only game in which the losing team scored a run before the winning team had scored all of its runs. The lead never changed hands in any game and this would be the last World Series until 1980 to feature two franchises that had not previously won a championship. AL Cleveland Indians vs. NL Brooklyn Robins Game 1 took a mere 1 hour,41 minutes, Steve ONeill supplied RBI doubles in the second and fourth innings in support of Stan Coveleski, who won it for the visiting Indians with a five-hitter. A first-inning run on a Jimmy Johnston single and Zack Wheat double would be all Dodger pitcher Burleigh Grimes would require in a complete-game shutout, Brooklyn scored twice in the first on hits by Zack Wheat and Hi Myers that chased Cleveland starter Ray Caldwell from the game. The only run winning pitcher Sherry Smith gave up in a three-hitter came when Tris Speaker came all the way around on a double that was misplayed in left field, Brooklyn starter Leon Cadore didnt make it past the first inning. His relievers didnt fare better, Al Mamaux being removed in the third. Stan Coveleski cruised with a five-hitter for his win of the Series. Elmer Smith hit a grand slam and Jim Bagby also homered as the Indians took the lead in three to two
25.
World Series
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The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League champion team and the National League champion team. The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a playoff. As the series is played in October, during the season in North America. As of 2016, the World Series has been contested 112 times, with the AL winning 64, the 2016 World Series took place between the Cleveland Indians and the Chicago Cubs. Seven games were played, with the Cubs victorious after game seven, the final score was 8–7, the game went into extra innings after a tied score of 6–6. This was the third World Series won by the Cubs, as well as their first title since 1908, in the National League, the St. As of 2016, no team has won consecutive World Series championships since the New York Yankees in 1998,1999, all championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played. From 1884 to 1890, the National League and the American Association faced each other in a series of games at the end of the season to determine an overall champion. These series were disorganized in comparison to the modern World Series, the number of games played ranged from as few as three in 1884, to a high of fifteen in 1887. Both the 1885 and 1890 Series ended in ties, each team having won three games with one tie game, the series was promoted and referred to as The Championship of the United States, Worlds Championship Series, or Worlds Series for short. In his book Krakatoa, The Day the World Exploded, August 27,1883, Simon Winchester mentions in passing that the World Series was named for the New York World newspaper, but this view is disputed. Until about 1960, some sources treated the 19th-century Series on a basis with the post-19th-century series. After about 1930, however, many authorities list the start of the World Series in 1903, following the collapse of the American Association after the 1891 season, the National League was again the only major league. The league championship was awarded in 1892 by a playoff between half-season champions and this scheme was abandoned after one season. Beginning in 1893—and continuing until divisional play was introduced in 1969—the pennant was awarded to the club in the standings at the end of the season. For four seasons, 1894–1897, the league played the runners-up in the post season championship series called the Temple Cup. A second attempt at this format was the Chronicle-Telegraph Cup series, in 1901, the American League was formed as a second major league. No championship series were played in 1901 or 1902 as the National and these series were arranged by the participating clubs, as the 1880s Worlds Series matches had been
26.
1922 World Series
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In the 1922 World Series, the New York Giants beat the New York Yankees in five games. By now, the term World Series was being used frequently, as with the 1921 World Series, every game was played at the Polo Grounds because it housed both teams, with the home team alternating. The Giants pitched around Babe Ruth and scored just enough runs to win each of the games outside of the controversial Game 2 tie, commissioner Landis was among those who was dissatisfied with the result. One story is that Landis asked Umpire Hildebrand, Why the Sam Hill did you call the game, the umpire answered, There was a temporary haze on the field. The game decision was in the hands of the umpires, Landis ordered the money, more than $120,000, turned over to World War I charities, thus nullifying any impropriety. The tied game would turn out to be the third tied game in the history of the World Series, the other two tied games occurred in 1907 and 1912. No ties are possible under rules, which allow for suspension of a tied game and resumption of it at a later date. This would prove to be Giants manager John McGraws third and final World Series win, NL New York Giants vs. AL New York Yankees The game and Series remained scoreless until the sixth inning. Whitey Witt tripled, then was cut down at home trying to score on a fielders choice, a three-run Giant rally in the eighth knocked out Yankee starter Bullet Joe Bush, with the winning run coming off reliever Waite Hoyt on a Ross Youngs sacrifice fly. Pitchers Bob Shawkey and Jesse Barnes went all 10 innings, the Yankees had tied the game in the eighth on doubles by Babe Ruth and Bob Meusel, but thats the way the game ended. Knuckleballer Jack Scott kept the Yankees off the board and his own single sparked a two-run third inning for the Giants, who added an insurance run in the seventh on Frankie Frischs RBI single. The game took just 1 hour,48 minutes and this contest moved along even faster than Game 3. It was over in a snappy 1,41, with Giants pitcher Hugh McQuillan going the distance for a 4-3 win, dave Bancrofts two-run single in the fifth was the key hit. Art Nehfs five-hit pitching combined with an eighth inning won the Series for the Giants. The decisive rally began with a Heinie Groh single and Frankie Frisch double, after an intentional walk to Ross Youngs, a two-run single by High Pockets Kelly put the Giants on top. Next batter Lee King, inserted in the outfield that inning for defensive purposes, delivered an RBI single to make it 5-3 and this is the last World Series the Giants won at home. Their championships of 1933 and 1954 and 2010,2012 and 2014 all came as the visiting team,1922 World Series, New York Giants over New York Yankees Cohen, Richard M. Neft, David S. The World Series, Complete Play-By-Play of Every Game, 1903–1989, archived from the original on 2008
27.
Double play
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In baseball, a double play is the act of making two outs during the same continuous play. Double plays are common, as they can occur any time there is at least one baserunner. During the 2016 Major League Baseball regular season, the average for double plays completed by each team during the course of a 162-game season was 145 – nearly one per game by each team. The simplest scenario for a play is a runner on first base with less than two outs. As both outs are made by force plays, this is referred to as a double play. As the force out at first base removed the force condition at second base, the batter hits the ball in the air a line drive to the first baseman, who catches it, and then steps on first base before the baserunner can return to first to tag up. This is also an example of a double play. Highly desirable to the team and highly undesirable to the batting team. The fielding team is likely to change pitch selection and defensive alignment to try and get a batter to ground into a force double play. Pitchers may throw pitches more likely to be hit as a ground ball – such as a sinker – while fielders can be positioned to make a ground ball more likely to be turned into a double play. Likewise, the team may take action – such as a hit. In baseball slang, making a play is referred to as turning two or a twin killing. Double plays are known as the pitchers best friend because they disrupt offense more than any other play. A force double play made on a ball hit to the third baseman, who throws to the second baseman. A strike em out, throw em out double play occurs when a runner is caught stealing immediately after the batter strikes out. The ability to make the pivot on a double play – receiving a throw from the third base side. All three players were part of the Cubs team that won the National League pennant in 1906,1907,1908, and 1910, and they were elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946. The New York Yankees recorded a rare 4-1-5 double play against the San Francisco Giants on July 24,2016, castro threw to pitcher Chad Green at first base to retire Peña
28.
Base running
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In baseball, base running is the act of running around the bases performed by members of the team at bat. In general, base running is a part of the game with the goal of eventually reaching home to score a run. The goal of batting is generally to produce base runners, or help move base runners along, runners on second or third base are considered to be in scoring position since a normal hit, even a single, will often score them. Part of the goal of a runner and a batter is to get the runner into scoring position, for any base running to occur, a batter must initially become a base runner. The term is not applied if the batter hits a foul ball or to a player awarded first base. A player ceases to be a runner when, he scores a run, he is put out in any way. If a base runners teammate is put out for the out of the inning. A runner who is touching a base which he is entitled to occupy may not be tagged out, runners may attempt to advance from base to base on any fair ball that touches the ground. When a ball is hit in the air and caught by the team, runners must return. Once they do this, they may attempt to advance at their own risk, on a ball that touches the ground in fair territory, if there is a force, runners are required to run. Base runners may attempt to advance at any time while the ball is alive, the catcher—or pitcher, in lieu of delivering the pitch—often tries to prevent this by throwing the ball to one of the infielders in order to tag the runner. This pick-off attempt is unsuccessful in tagging out the runner but is effective in keeping the runner closer to the base. If the runner is tagged out while diving back to the base, if the runner attempts to advance to the next base but is tagged out before reaching it safely, he is caught stealing. A successful attempt by the runner is called a stolen base, if a pitch gets away from the catcher, runners may also try to advance. This may be a pitch, if the pitcher is held responsible for the ball getting away. Sometimes the defending team will ignore a runner who is trying to steal a base, in case a runner is not credited with a steal. The standard dimensions of a field, with 90 feet between bases, generate many close base running plays. On one hand, an infielder who fields a ball hit on the ground, then throws it quickly and accurately
29.
Manhattan
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Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the citys historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1,1683, Manhattan is often described as the cultural and financial capital of the world and hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in the borough and it is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders which equals US$1062 today. New York County is the United States second-smallest county by land area, on business days, the influx of commuters increases that number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile. Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York Citys five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, the City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, and the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the citys government. The name Manhattan derives from the word Manna-hata, as written in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, a 1610 map depicts the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River. The word Manhattan has been translated as island of hills from the Lenape language. The United States Postal Service prefers that mail addressed to Manhattan use New York, NY rather than Manhattan, the area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of King Francis I of France – was the first European to visit the area that would become New York City. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, a permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on the citadel of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam, the 1625 establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan Island is recognized as the birth of New York City. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the figure of Fl 60 to US$23, variable-rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars, as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace remarked in their history of New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 was valued at approximately $1,000 in 2006, based on the price of silver, Straight Dope author Cecil Adams calculated an equivalent of $72 in 1992. In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony, New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1653. In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it New York after the English Duke of York and Albany, the Dutch Republic regained it in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships, renaming the city New Orange. Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of battles in the early American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army was forced to abandon Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16,1776. The city, greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the campaign, became the British political, British occupation lasted until November 25,1783, when George Washington returned to Manhattan, as the last British forces left the city
30.
Sportsman's Park
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Sportsmans Park was the name of several former Major League Baseball ballpark structures in the central United States, in St. Louis, Missouri. All but one of these were located on the piece of land, at the northwest corner of Grand Boulevard and Dodier Street. The physical street address was 2911 North Grand Boulevard, in 1923, the stadium hosted St. Louiss first NFL team, the St. Louis All-Stars. Baseball was played on the Sportsmans Park site as early as 1867, the tract was acquired in 1866 by August Solari, who began staging games there the following year. It was the home of the St. Louis Brown Stockings in the National Association, originally called the Grand Avenue Ball Grounds. Some sources say the field was renamed Sportsmans Park in 1876, the local papers also still used the alternate name Grand Avenue Park until at least 1885. The first grandstand—one of three on the built in 1881. At that time, the diamond and the grandstands were on the southeast corner of the block, the park was leased by the then-major American Association entry, the St. Louis Brown Stockings, or Browns. The Browns were a strong team in the mid-1880s. When the National League absorbed the strongest of the old Association teams in 1892, soon they went looking for a new ballpark, finding a site just a few blocks northwest of the old one, and calling it New Sportsmans Park, which was later renamed Robison Field. They also changed colors from Brown to Cardinal Red, thus acquiring a new nickname. When the American League Browns moved from Milwaukee in 1902, they built a new version of Sportsmans Park and they initially placed the diamond and the main stand at the northwest corner of the block. This Sportsmans Park saw football history made and it became both the practice field and home field for Saint Louis University football teams, coached by the visionary Eddie Cochems, father of the forward pass. These included a 39–0 thrashing of Iowa before a crowd of 12,000, robinson launched an amazingly long pass in the game against the Jayhawks, which was variously reported to have traveled 67 or 87 yards in the air. College Football Hall of Fame coach David M. Nelson called the extraordinary, considering the size, shape and weight of the fat. Sports historian John Sayle Watterson agreed, in his book, College Football, History, Spectacle, Controversy, Watterson described Robinsons long pass as truly a breathtaking achievement. St. Louis finished with an 11–0 record in 1906, outscoring its opponents 407–11, the previous wooden grandstand was retained as left-field bleachers for a while, but was soon replaced with permanent bleachers. The Cardinals came back to their home in mid-1920, as tenants of the Browns, after abandoning the outdated
31.
Subway Series
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The Subway Series is a series of Major League Baseball rivalry games played between the two teams based in New York City, the Yankees and the Mets. Previously, this applied to the Giants and Dodgers as well, every historic and current venue for such games has been accessible via the New York City Subway, hence the name of the series. The terms historic usage has been in reference to World Series games played between the citys teams, since 1997, the term Subway Series has been applied to interleague play during the regular season between the Yankees and New York Citys National League team, the New York Mets. The Mets and Yankees also played each other in the 2000 World Series, the following season, Brooklyn withdrew from the Association and joined the League, setting the stage for many future intra-city competitions. Some might argue that the 1889 Series would qualify as a Trolley Series, the 1906 World Series between the Chicago Cubs and the Chicago White Sox is also loosely referred to as a Subway Series, though the term Crosstown Series is more commonly used. The term is inaccurate, since Chicago had surface systems from 1892 till the building of the State Street Subway in 1943. The 155th Street elevated and subway stations, the 161st Street station, in the case of the World Series contests listed, the entire Series could be attended by using the subway. The date of the first usage of the term Subway Series is uncertain, the term Nickel Series appeared in newspapers by 1927, and Subway Series appeared by 1928. The 1921 and 1922 match-ups were played in a single ballpark, the Giants won both of these World Series against the Yankees, the first two Subway Series played. The Yankees opened their new ballpark in 1923, fortunes changed immediately for the Yankees as they defeated the Giants this time in the third straight year of World Series competition between the two teams. Their new home would host the Yankees first of 11 Subway World Series victories that year, the venues for the 1923,1936,1937, and 1951 World Series—the Polo Grounds and the old Yankee Stadium—were a short walk apart across the Macombs Dam Bridge over the Harlem River. Of course, anyone in the city not living in that vicinity could have opted for the subway system, the term was used again in 1941 when the Dodgers made their first World Series appearance since 1920. Despite Brooklyns repeated success at winning the National League pennant, it was able to win one World Series against the Yankees. The match-ups were known as the City Series and were played in October while other teams played in the World Series. However, after 1940, this became difficult because the Yankees would routinely appear in the World Series. In the 17 years from 1941 to 1957, the Yankees appeared in the World Series 12 times, failing to reach the Series only in 1944,1945,1946,1948, and 1954. The proceeds raised by the Yankees were given to leagues in Manhattan, the annual charity event was discontinued following the 1957 season, when the Dodgers moved to Los Angeles and the Giants moved to San Francisco. Leaving the Yankees as the major league team in the city
32.
Westinghouse Electric Corporation
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The Westinghouse Electric Corporation was an American manufacturing company. It was founded on January 8,1886, as Westinghouse Electric Company and later renamed Westinghouse Electric Corporation by inventor, George Westinghouse had previously founded the Westinghouse Air Brake Company. The corporation purchased CBS broadcasting company in 1995 and became CBS Corporation in 1997, Westinghouse Electric was founded by George Westinghouse in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1886. The firm became active in developing electric infrastructure throughout the United States, in addition to George Westinghouse, early engineers working for the company included Frank Conrad, Benjamin Garver Lamme, Oliver B. Shallenberger, William Stanley, Nikola Tesla, Stephen Timoshenko and Vladimir Zworykin, early on Westinghouse was a rival to Thomas Edisons electric company. In 1892 Edison was merged with Westinghouses chief AC rival, the Thomson-Houston Electric Company, making even bigger competitor, Westinghouse changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. Westinghouse purchased CBS in 1995 and became CBS Corporation in 1997, in 1998, CBS established a brand licensing subsidiary Westinghouse Licensing Corporation. In 1997/1998 the Power Generation Business Unit, headquartered in Orlando, FL, was sold to Siemens AG, a year later, CBS sold all of its nuclear power businesses to British Nuclear Fuels Limited. Soon after, BNFL gained license rights on the Westinghouse trademarks and that company was sold to Toshiba in 2007. The first commercial Westinghouse steam turbine generator, a 1,500 kW unit. The machine, nicknamed Mary-Ann, was the first steam turbine generator to be installed by a utility to generate electricity in the US. George Westinghouse had based his original steam turbine design on designs licensed from the English inventor Charles Parsons. or were built overseas under Westinghouse license. Major Westinghouse licensees or joint venture partners included Mitsubishi Heavy Industries of Japan and Harbin Turbine Co. Westinghouse boasted 50,000 employees by 1900, and established a formal research and development department in 1906. While the company was expanding, it would experience internal financial difficulties, during the Panic of 1907, the Board of Directors forced George Westinghouse to take a six-month leave of absence. Westinghouse officially retired in 1909 and died years later in 1914. Under new leadership, Westinghouse Electric diversified its business activities in electrical technology and it acquired the Copeman Electric Stove Company in 1914 and Pittsburgh High Voltage Insulator Company in 1921. Westinghouse also moved into broadcasting by establishing Pittsburghs KDKA, the first commercial radio station. Westinghouse expanded into the business, establishing the Westinghouse Elevator Company in 1928
33.
Wally Pipp
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Walter Clement Pipp was an American professional baseball player. A first baseman, Pipp played in Major League Baseball for the Detroit Tigers, New York Yankees, after appearing in 12 games for the Tigers in 1913 and playing in the minor leagues in 1914, he was purchased by the Yankees before the 1915 season. They made him their starting first baseman and he and Home Run Baker led an improved Yankee lineup that led the league in home runs. He led the American League in home runs in 1916 and 1917, with Babe Ruth, Bob Meusel, Joe Dugan, and Waite Hoyt, the Yankees won three consecutive American League pennants from 1921 through 1923, and won the 1923 World Series. In 1925, he lost his role to Lou Gehrig. Pipp is considered to be one of the best power hitters of the dead ball era, Pipp is now best remembered as the man who lost his starting role to Lou Gehrig at the beginning of Gehrigs streak of 2,130 consecutive games. According to a legend, Pipp asked to sit due to a headache. Walter Clement Pipp was born on February 17,1893, in Chicago, Illinois, to Pauline and he was raised as a Roman Catholic, and different sources describe him as being of Irish or German ancestry. He was raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan, as a child, Pipp said that he was hit in the head with a hockey puck, which resulted in headaches throughout his life. Pipp enrolled at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D. C. where he studied architecture, in 1912, Pipp made his debut in professional baseball with the Kalamazoo Celery Champs of the Class D Southern Michigan League. In 68 games played, he had a.270 batting average, the Detroit Tigers of the American League purchased his contract late in the 1912 season. Pipp attempted to hold out from the Tigers, demanding a portion of the purchase price, after graduating from college, Pipp ended his holdout without receiving a share of the purchase price. Pipp made his league debut with the Tigers on June 29,1913. After playing 12 games for Detroit, batting.161, the Tigers reassigned Pipp to the Providence Grays of the Class AA International League. He committed seven errors in 14 games for Providence, and was demoted to the Scranton Miners of the Class B New York State League, in 1914, Pipp played for the Rochester Hustlers of the International League. Pipp had a.314 batting average and 27 triples and he led all batters in the league with 15 home runs, a.526 slugging percentage, and 290 total bases. In January 1915, Jacob Ruppert and Tillinghast LHommedieu Huston agreed to purchase the New York Yankees of the American League, as part of the agreement, the other team owners in the American League agreed to help the Yankees restock their system with prospects. One of the deals Ruppert and Huston negotiated was their purchase of Pipp, after the purchase was completed, all owners, with the exception of Frank Navin, the owner of the Tigers, broke their word
34.
Bob Meusel
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Robert William Meusel was an American baseball left and right fielder who played in Major League Baseball for eleven seasons from 1920 through 1930, all but the last for the New York Yankees. Meusel, noted for his strong throwing arm, batted fifth behind Baseball Hall of Famers Babe Ruth. In 1925, he became the second Yankee, after Ruth, to lead the AL in the offensive categories, home runs, runs batted in. Meusel ended his career in 1930 with the Cincinnati Reds and he hit for the cycle three times, and was the second of four major leaguers to accomplish this feat as many as three times during a career. His older brother, Emil Irish Meusel, was an outfielder in the National League during the same period. Meusel was born in San Jose, California, the youngest of Charlie, at an early age he moved to Los Angeles, where he attended Los Angeles High School. Meusel started his career with the Vernon Tigers of the Pacific Coast League in 1917 and he joined the US Navy during World War I and played for the Navy baseball team. He went back to the Tigers for the 1919 season, batting.330 and he also played third base in the minors. On December 14,1921, Meusel married Edith Cowan, with whom he had one daughter, Meusels contract was purchased by the New York Yankees in early 1920. After a productive spring training, Meusel replaced future Hall of Famer Frank Baker at third base and he played his first game on April 14,1920. In his rookie season, Meusel had a.328 batting average with 11 home runs and 83 runs batted in over 119 games and he finished fourth in the league in doubles with 41 while sharing time with Duffy Lewis in left field. In the 1921 season, Meusel started in 149 out of 154 games and he batted.318, finishing second in the league in home runs with 24 and third in the league with 136 runs batted in. He hit for the cycle in a win against the Washington Senators on May 7, in the second game of a September 5 doubleheader, he tied a major league record for outfielders by recording four assists. He broke a record and tied Jack Tobin of the St. Louis Browns for the league lead in outfield assists with 28. Meusels brother, Irish, was acquired by the New York Giants from the Philadelphia Phillies mid-season, the two brothers played against each other in the 1921 World Series, where the Giants faced their tenants. Bob Meusel stole home in Game 3 of the Series and he doubled in Babe Ruth for the winning run in Game 5 for a one-game lead, but the Yankees lost the next three games and the Series. His batting average in eight games was a mere.200. At the same time, Meusel, Bill Piercy, and Ruth signed up to play in a barnstorming tour and it was a violation of baseball rules at the time, and Meusel and Ruth had previously been warned about playing with the tour
35.
Kenesaw Mountain Landis
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Kenesaw Mountain Landis was an American jurist who served as a federal judge from 1905 to 1922 and as the first Commissioner of Baseball from 1920 until his death. His firm actions and iron rule over baseball in the near quarter-century of his commissionership are generally credited with restoring confidence in the game. Landis was born in Millville, Ohio, in 1866 and his name was a spelling variation on the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain in the American Civil War, where his father was wounded in 1864. Landis spent much of his youth in Indiana, he left school at fifteen and his involvement in politics led to a civil service job. At age 21, Landis applied to become a lawyer—there were then no educational or examination requirements for the Indiana bar, following a year of unprofitable practice, he went to law school. After his graduation, he opened an office in Chicago, Gresham, the new United States Secretary of State, named him his personal secretary in 1893. After Greshams death in 1895, Landis refused an offer of an ambassadorship, President Theodore Roosevelt appointed Landis a federal judge in 1905. Landis received national attention in 1907 when he fined Standard Oil of Indiana more than $29 million for violating laws forbidding rebates on railroad freight tariffs. Though Landis was reversed on appeal, he was seen as a judge determined to rein in big business, during and after World War I, Landis presided over several high-profile trials of draft resisters and others whom he saw as opposing the war effort. He imposed heavy sentences on those who were convicted, some of the convictions were reversed on appeal, Landis was given full power to act in the sports best interest, and used that power extensively over the next quarter-century. Others blame Landis for, in their view, delaying the integration of baseball. Landis was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame by a special vote shortly after he died in 1944. Kenesaw Mountain Landis was born in Millville, Ohio, the child and fourth son of Abraham Hoch Landis, a physician. The Landises descended from Swiss Mennonites who had emigrated to Alsace before coming to the United States, at the time, both spellings of Kenesaw were used, but in the course of time, Kennesaw Mountain became the accepted spelling of the battle site. Abraham Landis worked in Millville as a country physician, Two of Kenesaws four brothers, Charles Beary Landis and Frederick Landis, became members of Congress. As Kenny, as he was known, grew, he did an increasing share of the farm work, later stating. I do not remember that I particularly liked to get up at 3,30 in the morning, Kenesaw began his off-farm career at age ten as a news delivery boy. He left school at 15 after an attempt to master algebra
36.
Governor of New York
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The Governor of the State of New York is the chief executive of the U. S. state of New York. The governor is the head of the branch of New Yorks state government. The current governor is Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, Cuomo won the November 2010 gubernatorial election and was sworn in as the 56th governor of the state of New York on January 1,2011. Cuomo was re-elected on November 5,2014, defeating his Republican challenger Robert Astorino, unlike the other government departments that compose the executive branch of government, the governor is themselves head of the state Executive Department. The officeholder is afforded the courtesy style of His/Her Excellency while in office, the governor of New York is often considered a potential candidate for President. Ten governors have been major-party candidates for president, and four, Martin Van Buren, Grover Cleveland, Theodore Roosevelt, six New York governors have gone on to serve as vice president. Additionally two Governors of New York, John Jay and Charles Evans Hughes, have served as Chief Justice of the United States, the office of Governor was established by the first New York State Constitution in 1777 to coincide with the calendar year. An 1874 amendment extended the term of office back to three years, but the 1894 constitution again reduced it to two years, the most recent constitution of 1938 extended the term to the current four years. The state constitution has provided since 1777 for the election of a lieutenant governor, originally, in the event of the death, resignation or impeachment of the governor, or absence from the state, the lieutenant governor would take on the governors duties and powers. Since the 1938 constitution, the lieutenant governor becomes governor upon such vacancy in the office. Although no provision exists in the constitution for it, precedent set in 2009 allows the governor to appoint a lieutenant governor should a vacancy occur, should the president pro tempore be unable to fulfill the duties, the speaker of the assembly is next in the line of succession. The lieutenant governor is elected on the ticket as the governor
37.
Nathan L. Miller
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Nathan Lewis Miller was an American lawyer and politician who was Governor of New York from 1921 to 1922. Nathan Miller was born on October 10,1868, the son of Samuel Miller, a tenant farmer and he attended Groton Union School, and graduated from Cortland Normal School in 1887. He studied law in Cortland, New York, and was admitted to the bar in 1893, Miller entered politics as a Republican, and started his political career in Cortland as corporation counsel. He later moved to corporate law, and his rise in politics was strongly helped by his relationship with Andrew Carnegie, Miller helped to effect the mergers that created this early mega-corporation. The merger helped Carnegie get out of the business and make him the richest man in the world at the time. Miller was New York State Comptroller from 1901 to 1903, first appointed to fill the term of Erastus C. Knight who had been elected Mayor of Buffalo, and in November 1902 elected to a full term and he resigned the comptrollership in 1903, and was appointed to the New York Supreme Court, where he served from 1903 to 1915. In 1904, he was designated to the Appellate Division, on January 13,1913, he was designated an associate judge of the New York Court of Appeals under the amendment of 1899, but resigned from the bench on July 30,1915. He served as President of the New York State Bar Association in 1920 and he nominated Herbert Hoover for president at the 1920 Republican National Convention. Miller was Governor of New York from 1921 to 1922, elected in 1920, as governor he instituted numerous economy measures, and he estimated thats he had saved taxpayers $20 million. Against opposition from New York City Mayor John F. Hylan and he found the death penalty necessary, and was against its abolition. In 1922, he was defeated in a bid for re-election by his predecessor Al Smith, Miller was a strong supporter of the Roman Catholic Church, his wifes religion, and converted to Catholicism on his deathbed. From 1925 on he served as counsel for U. S. Steel. He, like his old adversary Smith was active in the American Liberty League, while Miller was still the leading partner at his law firm in 1938, Carnegies Pittsburgh Steamship Company named a ship Governor Miller in his honor. On November 23,1896, he married Elizabeth Davern, and they resided at the Elmcroft Estate in Upper Brookville, New York. Miller died in 1953 at his New York hotel residence after fracturing his hip following a vacation in Arizona and he was buried in Cortland at the historic Cortland Rural Cemetery. In January 1952, the New York State Bar Association awarded Miller its first gold medal for distinguished service to the legal profession
38.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
39.
Commissioner of Baseball
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The Commissioner of Baseball is the chief executive of Major League Baseball and the associated Minor League Baseball – a constellation of leagues and clubs known as organized baseball. Under the direction of the Commissioner, the Office of the Commissioner of Baseball hires and maintains the sports umpiring crews, and negotiates marketing, labor, the commissioner is chosen by a vote of the owners of the teams. The current commissioner is Rob Manfred, who assumed office on January 25,2015, the title commissioner, which is a title now applied to the heads of several other major sports leagues as well as baseball, derives from its predecessor office, the National Commission. The National Commission was the body of professional baseball starting with the National Agreement of 1903. It consisted of three members, the two League presidents and a Commission chairman, whose primary responsibilities were to preside at meetings, although the Commission chairman August Herrmann was the nominal head of major league baseball, it was AL President Ban Johnson who dominated the Commission. However, the motivations behind the creation of the Commissioners office were more than the desire to rebuild public relations. The scandal had not only tarnished the image of baseball, but had brought relations between owners and AL President Johnson to a breaking point. In particular, Chicago White Sox owner Charles Comiskey was incensed at what he perceived to be Johnsons indifference to his suspicions that the 1919 World Series had been thrown. As a result, the National League, whose owners had never been on terms with Johnson, agreed to invite the White Sox along with the Boston Red Sox. The NL also unveiled plans to put a team in Detroit. With the American Leagues status as a league and possibly its very existence suddenly in jeopardy. Eventually, at the urging of Detroit Tigers owner and Johnson loyalist Frank Navin, finally, Landis insisted on a lifetime contract. The owners, still reeling from the perception that the sport was crooked, landiss first significant act was to deal with the Black Sox scandal. Following a trial, the eight players suspected of involvement in the fix were acquitted, including Buck Weaver, nevertheless, immediately following the players acquittal, Landis banned them all from baseball for life. Landis explained that though the players had all been acquitted in court. Over the years, he dealt harshly with others proven to have thrown individual games, among the others he banned were New York Giants players Phil Douglas and Jimmy OConnell, Philadelphia Phillies pitcher Gene Paulette, Giants coach Cozy Dolan, and Phillies owner William D. Cox. He also formalized the unofficial banishments of Hal Chase and Heinie Zimmerman, in 1921, he banned Giants center fielder Benny Kauff even though he had been acquitted of involvement in a car theft ring. Nonetheless, Landis was convinced Kauff was guilty and argued that players of undesirable reputation, the owners had initially assumed that Landis would deal with the Black Sox Scandal and then settle into a comfortable retirement as the titular head of baseball
40.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
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New York Central Railroad
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The New York Central Railroad was a railroad operating in the Northeastern United States. NYCs Grand Central Terminal in New York City is one of its best known extant landmarks, in 1968 the NYC merged with its former rival, the Pennsylvania Railroad, to form Penn Central. That company went bankrupt in 1970 and was taken over by the federal government, Conrail was broken up in 1998, and portions of its system was transferred to the newly formed New York Central Lines LLC, a subsidiary leased to and eventually absorbed by CSX and Norfolk Southern. Those companies lines included the original New York Central main line, but outside that area it included lines that were never part of the New York Central system. At the end of 1925, the New York Central System operated 11,584 miles of road and 26,395 miles of track, at the end of 1967 the mileages were 9,696 miles and 18,454 miles. The Mohawk and Hudson opened on September 24,1831, and changed its name to the Albany, the Utica and Schenectady Railroad was chartered April 29,1833, as the railroad paralleled the Erie Canal it was prohibited from carrying freight. Revenue service began August 2,1836, extending the line of the Albany and Schenectady Railroad west from Schenectady along the side of the Mohawk River, opposite the Erie Canal. The Syracuse and Utica Railroad was chartered May 1,1836, the full line opened July 3,1839, extending the line further to Syracuse via Rome. This line was not direct, going out of its way to stay near the Erie Canal and serve Rome, nothing of that line was ever built, though the later West Shore Railroad, acquired by the NYC in 1885, served the same purpose. The Auburn and Syracuse Railroad was chartered May 1,1834, and opened mostly in 1838, a month later, with the opening of the Syracuse and Utica Railroad, this formed a complete line from Albany west via Syracuse to Auburn, about halfway to Geneva. The Auburn and Rochester Railroad was chartered May 13,1836, as an extension via Geneva and Canandaigua to Rochester. The two lines merged on August 1,1850, to form the rather indirect Rochester and Syracuse Railroad, to fix this, the Rochester and Syracuse Direct Railway was chartered and immediately merged into the Rochester and Syracuse Railroad on August 6,1850. That line opened June 1,1853, running more directly between those two cities, roughly parallel to the Erie Canal. The Tonawanda Railroad, to the west of Rochester, was chartered April 24,1832 to build from said city to Attica. The first section, from Rochester southwest to Batavia, opened May 5,1837, the Attica and Buffalo Railroad chartered in 1836 and opened on November 24,1842, running from Buffalo east to Attica. On March 19,1844, the Tonawanda Railroad was authorized to build the connection, the Albany and Schenectady Railroad bought all the baggage, mail and emigrant cars of the other railroads between Albany and Buffalo on February 17,1848, and began operating through cars. On December 7,1850, the Tonawanda Railroad and Attica and Buffalo Railroad merged to form the Buffalo and Rochester Railroad. A new direct line opened from Buffalo east to Batavia on April 26,1852, the line was added to the New York and Erie Railroad system and converted to the Eries 6 ft broad gauge
42.
Pennsylvania Railroad
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The Pennsylvania Railroad was an American Class I railroad, founded in 1846. Commonly referred to as the Pennsy, the PRR was headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the PRR was the largest railroad by traffic and revenue in the U. S. for the first half of the 20th century. Over the years, it acquired, merged with or owned part of at least 800 other rail lines and companies and its only formidable rival was the New York Central, which carried around three-quarters of PRRs ton-miles. At one time, the PRR was the largest publicly traded corporation in the world, with a larger than that of the U. S. government. The corporation still holds the record for the longest continuous dividend history, in 1968, PRR merged with rival NYC to form the Penn Central Transportation Company, which filed for bankruptcy within two years. The viable parts were transferred in 1976 to Conrail, which was broken up in 1999, with 58 percent of the system going to the Norfolk Southern Railway. Amtrak received the electrified segment east of Harrisburg, with the opening of the Erie Canal and the beginnings of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, Philadelphia business interests became concerned that the port of Philadelphia would lose traffic. The state legislature was pressed to build a canal across Pennsylvania and it soon became evident that a single canal would not be practical and a series of railroads, inclined planes, and canals was proposed. Because freight and passengers had to change several times along the route and canals froze in winter, it soon became apparent that the system was cumbersome. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania granted a charter to the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1846 to build a rail line that would connect Harrisburg to Pittsburgh. The Directors chose John Edgar Thomson, an engineer from the Georgia Railroad, to survey, the crest of the mountain was penetrated by the 3, 612-foot Gallitzin Tunnels and then descended by a more moderate grade to Johnstown. The western end of the line was built from Pittsburgh east along the banks of the Allegheny. In 1857, the PRR purchased the Main Line of Public Works from the state of Pennsylvania, the line was double track from its inception, and by the end of the century a third and fourth track were added. Over the next 50 years, PRR expanded by gaining control of railroads by stock purchases. This line is still an important cross-state corridor, carrying Amtraks Philadelphia to Harrisburg Main Line and he served as PRRs first Chief Engineer and third President. Track connection in Philadelphia was made via the PRRs Connecting Railway, the PRRs Baltimore and Potomac Rail Road opened on July 2,1872, between Baltimore and Washington, D. C. This route required transfer via horse car in Baltimore to the lines heading north from the city. On June 29,1873, the Baltimore and Potomac Tunnel through Baltimore was completed, the PRR started the misleadingly named Pennsylvania Air Line service via the Northern Central Railway and Columbia, Pennsylvania
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Harry L. Davis
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Harry Lyman Davis was an American politician of the Republican Party. He served as the 38th and 44th mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, Davis was born in Cleveland, Ohio in the Newburgh area to Evan and Barbara Jones Davis. At age thirteen, he left school to work in the mills, studying at home. He became a solicitor for the Cleveland Telephone Co. at age twenty-one and later founded the Davis Rate Adjustment Co. selling telephone securities, in 1909, Davis was elected Republican city treasurer. David defeated his opponent Peter Witt in the 1915 Cleveland mayoral election, as the citys new mayor, Davis established the Mayors Advisory War Committee in 1917 to aid the American effort in World War I. Mayor Davis also had to deal with the communist May Day Riots of 1919 and the bombing of his home by communist agitators, Davis responded to the outrages by campaigning for the expulsion of all Bolsheviks from America. Since 1919 was an year, Davis resigned from the mayorship. Davis won the seat and served one term. While in office, Davis restructured the executive branch to include a cabinet of seven directors to help administer state affairs, Davis did not run again in 1922, but rather 1924, when he was soundly defeated by incumbent A. Victor Donahey. Davis later returned to Cleveland and became an opponent of the city manager plan. He later served again as mayor from 1934 to 1935, Davis was stricken suddenly with a blood clot in the brain during dinner at his home in Shaker Heights, Ohio, on May 21,1950. He died moments later, and could not be revived and he was buried at Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland. The Encyclopedia Of Cleveland History by Cleveland Bicentennial Commission, David D. Van Tassel, and John J. Grabowski ISBN 0-253-33056-4 Harry L. Davis at Find a Grave
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Governor of Ohio
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The Governor of the State of Ohio is the head of the executive branch of Ohios state government and the commander-in-chief of the states military forces. There have been 63 governors of Ohio, serving 69 distinct terms, the longest term was held by Jim Rhodes, who was elected four times and served just under sixteen years in two non-consecutive periods of two terms each. Pattison, who died in five months into his term. The current governor is John Kasich, who took office on January 10,2011, to become governor of Ohio, a candidate must be a qualified elector in the state. This means that any candidate for governor must be at least 18 years old at the time of election, a resident of Ohio for at least 30 days before the election. Convicted felons and those deemed by the courts as incompetent to vote are not eligible, the governor is the commander-in-chief of the states military forces. On July 13,1787, the Northwest Territory was formed, as territories were split from it, one of them eventually came to represent the area of present-day Ohio. Throughout its 15-year history, Northwest Territory had only one governor, there was no Ohio Territory, Ohio is considered the successor state to the Northwest Territory. Ohio was admitted to the Union on March 1,1803, since then, it has had 62 governors, six of whom served non-consecutive terms. The first constitution of 1803 allowed governors to serve for two terms, limited to six of any eight years, commencing on the first Monday in the December following an election. The current constitution of 1851 removed the limit, and shifted the start of the term to the second Monday in January following an election. In 1908, Ohio switched from holding elections in odd-numbered years to even-numbered years, a 1957 amendment lengthened the term to four years and allowed governors to only succeed themselves once, having to wait four years after their second term in a row before being allowed to run again. An Ohio Supreme Court ruling in 1973 clarified this to mean governors could theoretically serve unlimited terms, should the office of governor become vacant due to death, resignation, or conviction of impeachment, the lieutenant governor assumes the title of governor. Should the office of lieutenant governor also become vacant, the president of the senate becomes the acting governor, prior to 1851, the speaker of the senate acted as governor for the term. Since 1978, the governor and lieutenant governor have been elected on the ticket, prior to then. All representatives and senators mentioned represented Ohio, * Denotes those offices for which the governor resigned the governorship. † Denotes those offices from which the governor resigned to take the governorship, as of January 2017, there are four former governors of Ohio who are currently living at this time, the oldest Governor of Ohio being Dick Celeste. The most recent death of a former Governor of Ohio was that of George Voinovich on June 12,2016, Voinovich is also the most recently serving Governor of Ohio to die
45.
Hughie Jennings
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Hugh Ambrose Jennings was an American professional baseball player, coach and manager from 1891 to 1925. Jennings was a leader, both as a batter and as a shortstop, with the Baltimore Orioles teams that won National League championships in 1894,1895, during those three seasons, Jennings had 355 runs batted in and hit.335.386, and.401. Jennings was a fiery, hard-nosed player who was not afraid to be hit by a pitch to get on base, in 1896, he was hit by pitches 51 times – a major league record that has never been broken. Jennings also holds the record for being hit by pitches with 287. Jennings also played on the Brooklyn Superbas teams that won National League pennants in 1899 and 1900. From 1907 to 1920, Jennings was the manager of the Detroit Tigers, where he was known for his antics, hoots, whistles. Jennings suffered a breakdown in 1925 that forced him to leave Major League Baseball. He died in 1928 and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945. Jennings worked as a boy in the local anthracite coal mines. He drew attention playing shortstop for a baseball team in Lehighton. He was signed by the Louisville Colonels of the American Association in 1891 and he stayed with the Colonels when they joined the National League in 1892 and was traded on June 7,1893 to the Baltimore Orioles. Jennings played with the Orioles for parts of seven seasons and became a star during his years in Baltimore, the Baltimore Orioles teams of 1894,1895, and 1896 are regarded as one of the greatest teams of all time. Amidst all those players, Jennings was appointed captain in 1894. During the Orioles championship years, Jennings had some of the best seasons ever by a major league shortstop, in 1895, he hit.386, scored 159 runs, collected 204 hits, knocked in 125 runs, and stole 53 bases. In 1896, his performance was better, as he hit.401 with 209 hits,121 RBIs. The fiery Jennings was also known as one of the most fearless players of his time, in one game, he was hit by a pitch three times. In 1896, he was hit by pitches 51 times—a Major League record that still stands, in just five seasons with the Orioles from 1894 to 1898, Jennings was hit by pitches an unprecedented 202 times. During one game, Jennings was hit in the head by a pitch from Amos Rusie in the 3rd inning, as soon as the game ended, Jennings collapsed and was unconscious for three days
