1.
1913 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1913. March 9 – The second performance of Francesco Balilla Pratellas Musica Futurista in Rome becomes the first of several pieces this year of music with an unruly audience response. April 1 – Manuel de Fallas opera La vida breve is given its world première in Nice, the audience includes Gabriele DAnnunzio, Coco Chanel, Marcel Duchamp, Harry Graf Kessler and Maurice Ravel. Police are called during the interval, september 5 – Sergei Prokofievs performance of the first version of his Piano Concerto No.2 at Pavlovsk, Saint Petersburg, is met with hisses and catcalls. September 10 – Jean Sibeliuss tone poem Luonnotar is premiered at the Three Choirs Festival in Gloucester Cathedral, England, with soprano Aino Ackté, october – Edison Diamond Disc Record introduced. The term Jazz first appears in print, louis Armstrong begins playing the cornet, in the band of the New Orleans Home for Colored Waifs. Lili Boulanger becomes the first woman to win the Musical Composition section of the Prix de Rome, the Aeolian Company introduces the Duo-Art piano technology. Edward Bairstow becomes organist of York Minster. Abie Sings An Irish Song, words & music by Irving Berlin All Aboard For Dixieland, words Jack Yellen, music George L. Cobb And Then, w. Alfred Bryan, m. Herman Paley The Angelus, w. Robert B. Victor Herbert Cross The Great Divide w. Sam M. Lewis m. George W. Meyer The Curse Of An Aching Heart w. Henry Fink m, Al Piantadosi Daddy, Come Home w. m. Irving Berlin Danny Boy w. Frederick Weatherly m. trad Dont Blame It All On Broadway w. Joe Young & Harry Williams m, bert Grant Down In Chattanooga w. m. Irving Berlin El Cóndor Pasa by Daniel Alomía Robles Fat Lil Feller Wid His Mammys Eyes w. m. Sheridan Gordon & F. L. Stanton Fifteen Cents by Chris Smith Gasoline w. J, will Callahan, m. Paul Pratt Goodbye Boys w. Andrew B. Sterling & William Jerome m. Harry Von Tilzer Happy Little Country Girl w. m. Irving Berlin Hed Have to Get Under — Get Out and Get Under w. Grant Clark & Edgar Leslie m. Maurice Abrahams Hello, introduced by Elizabeth Brice in the revue Ziegfeld Follies of 1913 Hungarian Rag m. Julius Lenzberg I Can Live Without You w. Gene Buck m. Dave Stamper I Miss You Most Of All w. m. Joseph McCarthy Sr. & James V. Monaco If I Had My Way w. Lou Klein m. James Kendis Ill Change The Shadows To Sunshine w. George Graff Jr m. Ernest R. Ball Ill Get You w. Gus Edwards Im On My Way To Mandalay w. Al Bryan m, fred Fisher The Incandescent Rag m. George Botsford The International Rag w. m. Irving Berlin Isle DAmour w. Earl Carroll m, leo Edwards Its Nice To Get Up In The Morning w. m
2.
1914 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1914. January 1 - The copyright on Parsifal expires allowing it to be staged outside of Bayreuth, performances take place in Barcelona, Prague, Berlin, Budapest, Bologna, Rome and Wrocław. In the next few weeks it is staged in St. Petersburg, Paris, Brussels, Vienna and Londons Covent Garden. January 24 - First public performance of Leoš Janáčeks piano cycle In the Mists at the concert of the Organ School in Brno by pianist Marie Dvořáková. January - First Finnish performance of Jean Sibeliuss tone poem Luonnotar, with soprano Aino Ackté, august 26 - Rutland Boughtons fairy opera The Immortal Hour is first performed in Glastonbury Assembly Rooms at the inaugural Glastonbury Festival co-founded by the English socialist composer. October - Adelina Patti gives her last public performance, in a Red Cross concert at Londons Royal Albert Hall, october 15 - In Rovigo, Beniamino Gigli makes his operatic debut in Amilcare Ponchiellis La Gioconda. The first recorded music is made in Trinidad and Tobago. First publication of Orchestration, the book by Cecil Forsyth. Performed in the 1951 film Two Weeks with Love by Debbie Reynolds, Irving Berlin Always Treat Her Like A Baby w. m. Irving Berlin Back To The Carolina You Love w. Grant Clarke m, Jean Schwartz Burlington Bertie From Bow w. m. William Hargreaves By Heck w. L. Wolfe Gilbert m. S. R. Henry By The Beautiful Sea w. Harold R. Atteridge m. Harry Carroll By The Waters Of Minnetonka w. J. M. Cavanass m. Thurlow Lieurance California And You w. Edgar Leslie m. Harry Puck Cant You Hear Me Callin Caroline, william H. Gardner & Caro Roma Cecile Waltz by Frank McKee Colonel Bogey - March m. Kenneth J. Alford Come Over To Dover Murphy, Botsford La Cucaracha w. Stanley Adams m. arr, dLorah The Darktown Poker Club w. Jean C. Bert Williams & Will H. Vodery The Day Is Done w. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow m. Herman Lohr Desecration Rag Felix Arndt Down Among The Sheltering Palms w. James Brockman m. Irving Berlin Gilbert, The Filbert w. Arthur Wimperis m. Herman Finck Goodbye Girls Im Through w. John Golden m. Ivan Caryll Hes A Devil In His Own Home Town w. Grant Clarke & Irving Berlin m. Irving Berlin Hes A Rag Picker w. m. Irving Berlin Hot House Rag m. Paul Pratt I Love the Ladies by Grant Clarke I Want To Go Back To Michigan, Down On The Farm w. m. Irving Berlin I Was A Good Little Girl Till I Met You w. Clifford Harris m. James W. Tate If I Had You w. m, Irving Berlin If Thats Your Idea Of A Wonderful Time, Take Me Home w. m
3.
1915 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1915. March–December - The ukulele becomes popular as a result of its appearance in the Hawaiian Pavilion at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, may 15 - Tom Browns band from New Orleans begin performing in Chicago, Illinois and start advertising themselves as a Jass Band. April 21 - Sibelius sees sixteen swans over Lake Tuusula which immediately inspires him to write the theme becomes the finalé to his Symphony No.5. Summer - Claude Debussy composes at Pourville on the French Channel coast, october 28 - Richard Strausss symphonic poem An Alpine Symphony is premiered by the orchestra of the Dresden Hofkapelle in Berlin under the composers baton. November 13 - First concert devoted to the work of Brazilian composer Heitor Villa-Lobos, December 8 - Jean Sibeliuss Symphony No.5 is premiered by the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra at a birthday concert for him. December - Claude Debussy becomes one of the first people to receive a colostomy, composer Alban Berg enters service with the Austro-Hungarian Army. Composer Herbert Howells is given six months to live, and becomes the first person in the UK to receive radium treatment, William Penfro Rowlandss hymn tune Blaenwern is first published in Henry H. Jones Cân a Moliant. Jack Yellen & George L. Cobb All For You w. Henry Blossom m, victor Herbert Along The Rocky Road To Dublin w. Joe Young m. Bert Grant America, I Love You w. Edgar Leslie m, irving Berlin Are You From Dixie. Jack Yellen & George L. Cobb Are You The OReilly, rooney, Emmett The Army Of Todays All Right w. m. Kenneth Lyle & Fred W. Leigh Auf Wiedersehen w. Herbert Reynolds m, Sigmund Romberg, from the musical The Blue Paradise Babes In The Wood w. Schuyler Greene & Jerome Kern m. Jerome Kern Baby Shoes w. Joe Goodwin & Ed Rose m. Al Piantadosi Beatrice Fairfax, Tell Me What To Do w. m, Grant Clarke, Joseph McCarthy, & James V. Monaco Belgium Put the Kibosh on the Kaiser w. m. Mark Sheridan Blame It On The Blues Doc Cooke Canadian Capers w. Earl Burnett m, Gus Chandler, Bert White & Henry Cohan Close To My Heart by A. B. Harold Atteridge & Sigmund Romberg Gasoline Gus And His Jitney Bus Gay, spencer Williams The Girl On The Magazine Cover w. m. Hirsch Hello, Hawaii, How Are You, W. Bert Kalmar & Edgar Leslie m. Jean Schwartz The Hesitating Blues w. m, handy I Can Beat You Doing What Youre Doing Me w. m. Clarence Williams & Armand J. Piron I Didnt Raise My Boy To Be A Soldier w. Alfred Bryan m. Al Piantadosi I Love a Piano w. m, irving Berlin I Wish I Was An Island In An Ocean Of Girls w. Henry Blossom m. Jean Schwartz In a Monastery Garden m. Albert William Ketèlbey Ireland Is Ireland To Me w. Fiske OHara & J. Keirn Brennan m. Ernest R. Ball Its Tulip Time In Holland w. Dave Radford m
4.
1916 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1916. February 1 - Carl Nielsen conducts the première of his Symphony No, february 11 - Baltimore Symphony Orchestra presents its first concert. March 3 - The Original Dixieland Jass Band begin playing at Schillers Cafe in Chicago, Illinois, march 10 - Sir Hubert Parry writes the choral setting of William Blakes poem And did those feet in ancient time which becomes known as Jerusalem. April 28 - Edison Records carry out the first public comparison test between live and recorded singing voices at Carnegie Hall, featuring soprano Marie Rappold, june 5 - Steins Dixie Jass Band plays its first concert under its new name, the Original Dixieland Jass Band. August 3 - The musical comedy Chu Chin Chow, written, produced, directed and starring Oscar Asche, with music by Frederic Norton, premières at His Majestys Theatre in London. It will run for five years and a total of 2,238 performances, december - Wilbur Sweatman records his hot ragtime for Emerson Records in New York City. Gustav Holst completes composition of his orchestral suite The Planets, Op.32, sydney Conservatorium of Music in Australia accepts its first students. Soprano Hedy Iracema-Brügelmann is awarded the Charlottenkreuz, german soprano Vali von der Osten marries tenor Fritz Windgassen. Allahs Holiday w. Otto Harbach m, rudolf Friml And They Called It Dixieland w. Raymond Egan m. Richard A. Whiting Arrah Go On, Im Gonna Go Back To Oregon w. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young m, Bert Grant At Finnigans Ball w. m. Bert Lee Baby Shoes by Joe Goodwin Beale Street Blues w. m, James W. Tate & Frank Clifford Harris Bugle Call Rag w. m. Eubie Blake & Carey Morgan Bull Frog Blues Tom Brown, Guy Shrigley The Cobblers Song w. Oscar Asche m, cliff Hess The Honolulu Blues w. Grant Clarke & Eddie Cox m. James V. Monaco Hows Every Little Thing In Dixie. W. Jack Yellen m. Albert Gumble Hula Lou w. Edward Grossmith m. Ted D. Ward I Aint Got Nobody w. Roger Graham & Dave Peyton m, spencer Williams I Can Dance With Everybody But My Wife w. Joseph Cawthorn & John Golden m. John Golden I Sent My Wife To The Thousand Isles w. Andrew B, sterling & Ed Moran m. Harry von Tilzer I Want To Marry A Male Quartette w. Otto Harbach m. Rudolf Friml If I Knock The L Out Of Kelly w. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young m, If You Were the Only Girl w. Clifford Grey m. Nat D. Ayer Im Sorry I Made You Cry w. m. N. J. Clesi Ireland Must Be Heaven, Fred Fisher Ive A Shooting Box In Scotland w. m. Thomas Lawrason Riggs & Cole Porter Joe Turner Blues w. Walter Hirsch m. W. C, handy Katinka w. Otto Harbach m. Rudolf Friml Keep Your Eye On The Girlie You Love w. Howard Johnson & Alex Gerber m, ira Schuster The Laddies Who Fought And Won w. m
5.
1917 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1917. S. See Category, Musical groups established in 1917 All The World Will Be Jealous Of Me w. Al Dubin m. Ernest R. Ball Any Time Is Kissing Time w. Oscar Asche m, frederic Norton from the musical Chu Chin Chow Are You From Heaven. W. m. L. Wolfe Gilbert & Anatole Friedland A Bachelor Gay w. Frank Clifford Harris & Valentine m. James W. Tate from the musical The Maid of the Mountains Barnyard Blues w. m. Edwin B. Charles Shisler Cheer Up, Liza John L. Golden, Raymond Hubbell Cleopatra Had A Jazz Band w. Jack Coogan m, jimmy Morgan Come To The Fair w. Helen Taylor m. Easthope Martin The Darktown Strutters Ball w. m, shelton Brooks Dixie Jass Band One-Step Original Dixieland Jass Band Down in the Valley trad US Eileen w. Henry Blossom m. Victor Herbert For Me And My Gal w. Edgar Leslie & E. Ray Goetz m. George W. Meyer For Your Country and My Country w. m. Irving Berlin Give a Man a Horse He Can Ride w. James Thomson m. Geoffrey OHara Give Me the Moonlight, Hirsch Good Luck and God Be With You, Laddie Boy w. Gus Edwards Good Bye Broadway, Hello France w. C. Francis Reisner & Benny Davis m, goodbye, Mule, with Yer Old Hee-Haw. w. William Herschell m. Barclay Walker Good-bye, That Means You w. Andrew B, sterling m. Arthur Lange Good-bye-ee w. m. R. P. Weston & Bert Lee Hail, the Gangs All Here w. D. A. Esrom m. Theodore F. Morse & Arthur Sullivan Have A Heart w. P. G. Wodehouse m. Jerome Kern Hawaiian Butterfly w. George A. Billy Baskette & Joseph H. Santley Homeward Bound m. George Meyer w. Howard Johnson, teresa del Riego How Can I Forget When Theres So Much To Remember w. m. Irving Berlin Huckleberry Finn by Cliff Hess I Dont Know Where Im Going But Im On My Way w. m, willie White Ill Take You Back To Italy w. m. Irving Berlin Im All Bound Round With The Mason-Dixon Line w. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young m, irving Berlin, Edgar Leslie & George W. Meyer Lily Of The Valley w. L. Wolfe Gilbert m. Fred Fisher Love Will Find A Way w. Harry Graham m, introduced by José Collins in the musical The Maid of the Mountains Madmoiselle From Armentieres w. m. anon McNamaras Band w. John J. Stamford m. Shamus OConnor The Modern Maidens Prayer w. Ballard MacDonald m. James F. Hanley My Sunshine Jane w. J. Keirn Brennan m. Ernest R. Ball My Sweetie w. m. Al Jolson, B. G. DeSylva & Gus Kahn Napoleon w. P. G, Wodehouse m. Jerome Kern Nesting Time In Flatbush w. P. G. Wodehouse m. Jerome Kern Oh Its A Lovely War w. m. Maurice Scott Oh Johnny, Oh Johnny, Oh, abe Olman Ole Miss Rag w. m. Handy On The Road To Home Sweet Home w. Gus Kahn m, egbert van Alstyne Ostrich Walk m. Edwin B
6.
1918 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1918. January 18 - The Historic Concert for the Benefit of Widows and Orphans of Austrian and Hungarian Soldiers at the Konzerthaus, Vienna. February 13 - May Mukle and Rebecca Clarke give a recital at the Aeolian Hall in New York City, accompanied by Marjorie Hayward, performing works by Hubert Parry, Frank Bridge and it includes the premiėre of Morpheus, written by Clarke under the pen-name Anthony Trent. March 3 - Béla Bartóks String Quartet No.2 is premièred in Budapest, april 30-May 1 - Composer Toivo Kuula is mortally wounded in the Finnish Civil War. May 24 - Béla Bartóks opera Duke Bluebeards Castle is premiered in Budapest, september 28 - First performance of Igor Stravinskys Histoire du Soldat, conducted by Ernest Ansermet, in Lausanne, Switzerland. September 29 - First performance of Gustav Holsts orchestral suite The Planets, before an audience at the Queens Hall in London. November 15 - Rosa Ponselle makes her Metropolitan Opera début as Leonora in Verdis La forza del destino, november 30 - Ernest Ansermet conducts the first concert by the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande. Ralph Vaughan Williams is appointed Director of Music, First Army, First documented racially integrated jazz recording session. Worldwide sales of phonograph/gramophone records estimated at 100 million records this year, Goldman Band founded by Edwin Franko Goldman After Youve Gone w. Henry Creamer m. Turner Layton At The Jazz Band Ball w. m. Edwin B. Edwards, Nick LaRocca, Tony Spargo & Larry Shields Bagdad w. Harold Atteridge m. Al Jolson Beautiful Ohio w. Ballard MacDonald m. Mary Earl Clarinet Marmalade m. Edwin B. Edwards, Nick LaRocca, Tony Spargo & Larry Shields Dallas Blues w. Lloyd Garrett m. Hart A. Wand Dancing neath the Dixie moon w, dark Grows The Sky w. Harry Graham m. Harold Fraser-Simson The Daughter Of Rosie OGrady w. Monty C, brice m. Walter Donaldson Dear Little Boy of Mine w. J. Keirn Brennan m. Ernest R. Ball Dear Old Pal of Mine w. Harold Robe m. Lt. Gitz Rice Ding Dong w. m, Irving Berlin Every Day by Shelton Brooks Evrybodys Crazy bout the Doggone Blues, But Im Happy by Henry Creamer and Turner Layton Everything Is Peaches Down In Georgia w. Grant Clarke m. Milton Ager Fidgety Feet m. Edwin B, edwards, Nick La Rocca, Tony Spargo & Larry Shields A Good Man Is Hard To Find w. m. Eddie Green Good Morning Mr. Zip-Zip-Zip. w. m, give Me No Mans Land w. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young m. Oliver G. Wallace & Harold Weeks Hike, nat Vincent Hinky Dinky Parlay Voo by Edward Rowland How Can You Tell by Ned Wayburn How Ya Gonna Keep em Down on the Farm. W. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young m. Walter Donaldson I Found The End Of The Rainbow w. m, john Mears, Harry Tierney & Joseph McCarthy I Want To Shimmy by Shelton Brooks If He Can Fight Like He Can Love, Good Night Germany. W. Grant Clarke & Howard Johnson m. George W. Meyer Ill Be There, Laddie Boy, B. G. DeSylva, Gus Kahn & Al Jolson In The Land Of Beginning Again w. Grant Clarke m. George W. Meyer Ja-Da w. m
7.
1919 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1919. January 18 - The pianist Paderewski becomes Prime Minister of Poland, april 7 - The Original Dixieland Jazz Band brings Dixieland jazz to England, opening a 15-month tour at the Hippodrome, London. July 22 - The Ballets Russes gives the premiere of Manuel de Fallas ballet El sombrero de tres picos in London. August - Josef Matthias Hauer devises his own technique of composition. August 19 - The Southern Syncopated Orchestra, visiting the UK, Ernest Ansermet subsequently writes an enthusiastic review of the orchestras performances in London, singling out Sidney Bechet - one of the first serious pieces of jazz criticism. October 27 - Edward Elgars Cello Concerto is premiered in London, the Louisiana Five are advertised as playing Modern Jazz. Johan Wagenaar becomes director of the Royal Conservatory at the Hague, elsie Griffin joins the DOyly Carte Opera Company. Gustav Kobbés guide The Complete Opera Book is first published, in the United States, wee-Wee. w. George Jessel, m. Harry Ruby Any Old Place With You w. Lorenz Hart m. Richard Rodgers Ask the Stars by Frank M. Stammers Baby, Charles Warfield & Clarence Williams Blues My Naughty Sweetie Gives To Me w. m. Charles McCarron, Casey Morgan & Arthur Swanstrom Breeze w. m. Ballard MacDonald, ed. Thomas Camp Meeting Blues by Dabneys Band Cielito Lindo w. m. Quirino Mendoza y Cortez Daddy Long Legs w. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young Dardanella w. Fred Fisher m, felix Bernard & Johnny S. Black Dont Dilly Dally on the Way w. m. Fred W. Leigh & Charles Collins Everybody Wants A Key To My Cellar w. m, ed Rose, Billy Baskette & Lew Pollack Grönnens Laid, w. Geert Teis Pzn. m. Art Hickman & Ben Black I Aint Gonna Give Nobody None O This Jelly Roll w. Spencer Williams m. Clarence Williams I Gave Her That w. m. B. G. De Sylva & Al Jolson I Lost My Heart In Dixieland w. m. Irving Berlin I Might be Your Once-In-A-While w. Robert B. Smith m, victor Herbert I Never Realized w. m. Cole Porter I Wish I Could Shimmy Like My Sister Kate w. m. Armand J. Piron Im Forever Blowing Bubbles w. John W. Kellette m, jaan Kenbrovin Indian Summer w. Al Dubin m. Irene w. Joseph McCarthy m. Harry Tierney, introduced by Edith Day in the musical Irene Ive Got My Captain Working for Me Now w. m. Irving Berlin Jazz Baby w. Blanche Merrill & William Jerome m. William Jerome Just Like a Gipsy w. m, victor Jacobi Love Sends A Little Gift Of Roses w. Leslie Cooke m. John Openshaw Mah Lindy Lou w. m, lily Strickland Mammy O Mine w. William Tracey m
8.
1920 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1920. January 19 - The Salzburg Festival is revived, september 4 - City of Birmingham Orchestra first rehearses. November 15 - First complete public performance of Gustav Holsts suite The Planets given in London by the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by Albert Coates, december 4 - Première of the opera Die tote Stadt by 23-year-old Erich Wolfgang Korngold. It later becomes known that the librettist, Paul Schott, is Korngolds father Julius, december 30 - Pearl Hamilton, plays piano with small jazz ensemble to appreciative audience at the Star Theater in New York City. Mamie Smiths first blues recordings become a hit, alerting record companies to the African American market, Hamilton Harty is appointed resident conductor of the Hallé Orchestra. Henri Sauguet forms Groupe des Trois along with Louis Emié and Jean-Marcel Lizotte, the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra launches its Mahler festival. Gabriel Fauré retires from the Paris Conservatoire, and is awarded the Grand-Croix of the Légion dHonneur, stewart Macpherson - Melody and Harmony After You Get What You Want, You Dont Want It w. m. Irving Berlin All Shed Say Was Umh Hum w. m, king Zany, Mac Emery, Gus Van & Joe Schenck All The Boys Love Mary Gus Van & Joe Schenck Aunt Hagars Blues w. m. B. G. DeSylva, Al Jolson & Vincent Rose Blue Jeans w. Harry D. Kerr, Otto Motzan & M. K. Jerome Broadway Rose w. Eugene West m. Martin Fried & Otis Spencer Chanson m. Rudolf Friml Chili Bean w. Lew Brown m. Albert Von Tilzer Crazy Blues w. m, percy Bradford The Cuckoo Waltz w. Arthur Kingsley m. J. E. Jonasson Daddy, Youve Been A Mother To Me w. m. Fred Fisher Do You Ever Think Of Me. w. John Cooper & Harry D, earl Burtnett Down By The O-HI-O w. Jack Yellen m. Abe Olman Feather Your Nest w. m, James Kendis, James Brockman & Howard Johnson The Gipsy Warned Me w. m. R. P. Weston & Bert Lee Great Camp Meeting Day w. Noble Sissle He Went In Like A Lion w. Andrew B, sterling m. Harry von Tilzer Home Again Blues w. m. Harry Akst & Irving Berlin I Belong to Glasgow w. m, will Fyffe I Never Knew I Could Love Anybody Like Im Loving You w. m. Egan & Roy Marsh I Used To Love You, But Its All Over Now w. Lew Brown m. Albert Von Tilzer Id Love To Fall Asleep And Wake Up In My Mammys Arms w. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young m. Fred E. Ahlert Ill Be With You In Apple Blossom Time w. Neville Fleason m. Albert Von Tilzer Ill See You In C-U-B-A w. m, Irving Berlin In A Persian Market m. Albert William Ketèlbey The Japanese Sandman w. Raymond B. Hirsch Margie w. Benny Davis m, con Conrad & J. Russel Robinson Mary w. Otto Harbach m. Louis A. Harry Lauder Old Pal Why Dont You Answer Me w. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young m. M. K. Jerome Pale Moon w. Jesse Glick m. Frederick Knight Logan Palesteena w. m
9.
1921 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1921. January - Amelita Galli-Curci marries her accompanist, Homer Samuels, who had named in her divorce from the Marchese Luigi Curci. June-July - The Harvard Glee Club takes its first trip to Europe, clarence Williams makes his first recordings Mary Stafford becomes the first black woman to record for Columbia Records The 17-string koto, or Jūshichi-gen, is invented by Michio Miyagi. Cyril Rootham dedicates his Suite in Three Movements for flute and piano to French flautist Louis Fleury, ferruccio Busoni – The Essence of Oneness of Music Aint We Got Fun. w. m. Richard A. Whiting, Raymond Egan & Gus Kahn All by Myself w. m, Irving Berlin And Her Mother Came Too w. Dion Titheradge m. Herbert Happy Lawson April Showers w. B. G. De Sylva m. Louis Silvers Baltimore Buzz w. m, noble Sissle & Eubie Blake Bandana Days w. m. Noble Sissle & Eubie Blake Bimini Bay w. Gus Kahn & Raymond Egan m, richard Whiting Boy Wanted w. Ira Gershwin m. George Gershwin Dancing Time w. George Grossmith, Jr. Howard Dietz m. Jerome Kern US words written 1924. Dapper Dan w. Lew Brown m. Albert Von Tilzer Dear Old Southland w. Henry Creamer m. Turner Layton Down South w. B. G. DeSylva m. Walter Donaldson. Introduced by Al Jolson in the musical Bombo Down Yonder w. m. L. Wolfe Gilbert Everybody Step w. m, Irving Berlin Hawaiian Chimes w. Irving Bibo m. Eva Applefield I Aint Nobodys Darling w. Elmer Hughes m. Robert A. King I Found A Rose In The Devils Garden w. m, fred Fisher & Willie Raskin I Wonder If You Still Care For Me w. m. Harry B. Smith & Francis Wheeler Ill Forget You w. Annelu Burns m. Ernest R. Ball Im Just Wild About Harry w. m, noble Sissle & Eubie Blake Im Missin Mammys Kissin w. Sidney Clare m. Lew Pollack Im Nobodys Baby w. m, Benny Davis, Milton Ager & Lester Santly Jazz Me Blues m. Tom Delaney Keep Movin Helen Trix Kitten On The Keys m, zez Confrey Laughin Rag S. Moore, H. Skinner Learn To Smile w. Otto Harbach m. Louis A. Hirsch Leave Me With A Smile w. m, Charles Koehler & Earl Burtnett Love Will Find A Way w. m. Noble Sissle & Eubie Blake Ma, hes Making Eyes at Me w. Sidney Clare m. Con Conrad Make Believe w. Benny Davis m, jack Shilkret Mandy N Me w. Bert Kalmar m. Con Conrad My Sunny Tennessee w. m, Bert Kalmar, Harry Ruby & Herman Ruby Peggy ONeill w. m. Harry Pease, Ed G. Nelson & Gilbert Dodge Sally w. Clifford Grey m. Jerome Kern Say It With Music w. m
10.
1922 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1922. January 24 - Carl Nielsen conducts the first public performance of his Symphony No.5 in Copenhagen, october 11 - Leila Megàne makes the first complete recording of Sir Edward Elgars Sea Pictures, with Elgar himself conducting. October 19 - Maurice Ravels orchestral arrangement of Modest Mussorgskys Pictures at an Exhibition is premiered in Paris. December 20 - Antigone by Jean Cocteau appears on the stage of the Théâtre de lAtelier in Paris, with settings by Pablo Picasso, music by Arthur Honegger, Louis Armstrong leaves New Orleans for Chicago to join King Olivers Creole Jazz Band. Richard Tauber joins the Vienna State Opera, kid Ory makes his first recordings. All musical compositions written in this year or earlier are now public domain in the United States, recordings of those compositions, however are still protected by various state statutes and do not fully enter the nationwide public domain until February 15,2067. Roy Turk, J. Russel Robinson & Addy Britt Aint It A Shame w. m. W. A. Hann, Joseph Simms & Al W. Brown All Over Nothing At All w. J. Keirn Brennan & Paul Cunningham m. James Rule Along The Road To Gundagai w. m. Jack OHagan LAmour, Toujours LAmour w. Catherine Chisholm Cushing m, rudolf Friml Angel Child w. Georgie Price & Benny Davis m. Abner Silver Baby Blue Eyes w. m, jesse Greer, Walter Hirsch & George Jessel Bees Knees by Leo Wood & Ray Lopez Blue w. Grant Clarke & Edgar Leslie m. Lou Handman A Brown Bird Singing w. Rodney Richard Bennett m. Haydn Wood Bugle Call Rag m, Jack Pettis, Billy Meyers & Elmer Schoebel Carolina in the Morning w. Gus Kahn m. Walter Donaldson Carolina Shout m. James P. Johnson Chicago w. m. Dick Winfree & Phil Boutelje Crinoline Days w. m. Irving Berlin Dancing Fool w. Harry B. Smith & Francis Wheeler m. Ted Snyder Dearest w. Benny Davis m. Harry Akst Do It Again w. B. G. De Sylva m. George Gershwin Down In Midnight Town w. Andrew B. Sterling & Edward P. Moran m. Harry Von Tilzer Downhearted Blues w. m, alberta Hunter Dream On w. B. G DeSylva, m. Ted Koehler, Frank Magine & C, Paul Joseph Mares, Leon Rappolo & Elmer Schoebel Fate by Byron Gay Georgette w. Lew Brown m. Ray Henderson Georgia w. Howard Johnson m. Walter Donaldson Goin Home w. m, Williams Arms Fisher Hot Lips w. m. Brennan A Kiss In The Dark w. B. G. De Sylva m, victor Herbert The Lady In Ermine w. Cyrus Wood m. Al Goodman Lady Of The Evening w. m, introduced by John Steel in the Music Box Revue of 1922
11.
1925 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1925. January 1 - First day of broadcasting in Sweden, Gaston Borch conducts the Skandia Cinema Orchestra in the countrys first broadcast of orchestral music. February 25 - Art Gillham - The Whispering Pianist records the first electrical recordings to be released for Columbia using the Western Electric system, march 1 - Edgard Varèses Intégrales is premiered in New York City. March 21 - Maurice Ravels LEnfant et les sortilèges is premiered in Monte Carlo, april 3 - Gustav Holsts opera At the Boars Head is premiered in Manchester. June 6 - Sergei Prokofievs Symphony No.2 is premiered in Paris, november 28 - The weekly country music radio program Grand Ole Opry is first broadcast on WSM radio in Nashville, Tennessee, as the WSM Barn Dance. December 11 - Carl Nielsens Symphony No,6, the Sinfonia semplice, is premiered in Copenhagen. December 14 - Alban Bergs opera Wozzeck is given its first complete performance, in Berlin, Joseph Canteloube founds a group called La Bourrée in Paris to publicize the folklore and other attractions of the Auvergne. Blind Lemon Jeffersons recording career begins, Louis Armstrong leaves Fletcher Hendersons Orchestra, returns to Chicago, Illinois, and makes his first records under his own name, leading Louis Armstrong & His Hot Five. Adios, Mariquita Linda w. Ray Gilbert Marcos A. Jimenez m. Marcos A. Jimenez Alone at Last w. Gus Kahn m. Ted Fio Rito Always w. m, Irving Berlin Bam, Bam, Bamy Shore w. Mort Dixon m. Hoagy Carmichael & Irving Mills Brown Eyes, Why Are You Blue, W. Alfred Bryan m. George W. Meyer By the Light of the Stars w. m. Arthur Sizemore, George A. Little, & Larry Shay Bye and Bye w. Lorenz Hart m, Richard Rodgers Cecilia w. Herman Ruby m. Dave Dreyer Cheatin on Me w. Jack Yellen m. W. Billy Rose & Ballard MacDonald m. Joseph Meyer Collegiate w. m, moe Jaffe & Nat Bonx A Cup of Coffee, a Sandwich and You w. Billy Rose & Al Dubin m. Joseph Meyer Davenport Blues m. Ray Henderson Dont Wake Me Up, Let Me Dream w. L. Wolfe Gilbert m, mabel Wayne Down by the Winegar Works w. m. Don Bestor, Roger Lewis & Walter Donovan Drifting and Dreaming w. Haven Gillespie, egbert Van Alstyne, Erwin R. Schmidt & Loyal Curtis DYe Love Me. w. Otto Harbach & Oscar Hammerstein II m. Jerome Kern. Introduced by Marilyn Miller in the musical Sunny Five Foot Two Eyes of Blue w. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young m, fred Rose & Paul Whiteman Footloose w. Hal Cochran m. Carl Rupp Freshie w. Harold Berg m. Jesse Greer Grandpas Spells m, jelly Roll Morton Headin for Louisville w. B. G. De Sylva m. Joseph Meyer Here in My Arms w. Lorenz Hart m. Richard Rodgers The Hills of Home w. Floride Calhoun m. Oscar J. Fox I Found a New Baby w. m, Jack Palmer & Spencer Williams I Lost My Heart in Heidelberg w. Fritz Löhner-Beda & Ernst Neubach m. Fred Raymond I Love My Baby w. Bud Green m. Harry Warren I Might Have Known Lucas I Miss My Swiss w. L. Wolfe Gilbert m
12.
1926 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1926. January - Blind Lemon Jefferson makes his first recordings, april 9 - Leopold Stokowski conducts the world premiere of Edgar Varèses Amériques, with the Philadelphia Orchestra. April 25 - Première of Giacomo Puccinis opera Turandot at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, may 12 - Dmitri Shostakovichs Symphony No.1 premières in Leningrad. The composer is 19 years old, december 18 - The Estonian National Symphony Orchestra gives its first concert. First recordings by Jelly Roll Morton & His Red Hot Peppers Opening of the Salzburger Festspielhaus Virgilio Savona begins studying music, the Société de Musique de Chambre de Genève is founded by Frank Martin. The National Conservatoire is founded in Athens by composer Manolis Kalomiris, operatic baritone Leslie Rands marries his DOyly Carte co-star Marjorie Eyre. Hamiltons Sisters and Fordyce tour briefly with another female group, Jerry. John Serry Sr. is accepted for studies at the noted Pietro Deiro accordion studio in Greenwich Village starting his education as an instrumentalist at the age of 11, sweetheart of All My Dreams w. m. Art Finch, Kay Finch, & Bert Lowe After I Say Im Sorry w. m. Walter Donaldson & Abe Lyman Alabama Stomp w. Henry Creamer m. James P. Johnson All Alone Monday w. Bert Kalmar m. Harry Ruby Am I Wasting My Time On You. Irving Bibo & Howard Johnson Baby Face w. Benny Davis m. Harry Akst Barcelona w. Gus Kahn m, tolchard Evans Because I Love You w. m. Irving Berlin Big Butter And Egg Man w. m, Sidney Clare, Cliff Friend & Joseph H. Santly The Birth Of The Blues w. B. G. De Sylva & Lew Brown m. Introduced by Harry Richman in the revue George Whites Scandals of 1926 Black Bottom w. B. G. De Sylva & Lew Brown m. Introduced by Ann Pennington, The McCarthy Sisters, Frances Williams, Jelly Roll Morton The Blue Room w. Lorenz Hart m. Introduced by Eva Puck and Sammy White in the musical The Girl Friend Breezin Along With The Breeze w. m, mel Stitzel Charmaine w. Lew Pollack m. Erno Rapee Cherie, I Love You w. m, milton Ager Cross Your Heart w. B. G. De Sylva m. Lewis E. Gensler Deed I Do w. Walter Hirsch m. Fred Rose The Desert Song w. Otto Harbach & Oscar Hammerstein II m, introduced by Vivienne Segal and Robert Halliday in the operetta The Desert Song The Devil Is Afraid Of Music w. m. Willard Robison The Dicky Bird Hop w. Leslie Sarony m, ronald Gourley Do, Do, Do w. Ira Gershwin m. George Gershwin
13.
1927 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1927. January 8 - Alban Bergs Lyric Suite is premièred in Vienna, april 21 - Electric re-recording of George Gershwins Rhapsody in Blue by Paul Whitemans Orchestra directed by Nathaniel Shilkret, with Gershwin at the piano. June - Hamilton Sisters and Fordyce, vocalists, record My Heart Stood Still, july 1 - Béla Bartóks Piano Concerto No.1 is premiered in Frankfurt, with the composer at the piano and Wilhelm Furtwängler conducting. August 4 - Jimmie Rodgers records his first sides for Victor in Camden, publishers Chappell & Co withdraw their financial support for the Promenade Concerts, to be replaced by the BBC. Benjamin Britten becomes a pupil of Frank Bridge, witold Lutosławski enters the Warsaw conservatory. Blind Willie McTells recording career begins, the Soul Stirrers recording career begins. Big Bill Broonzys recording career begins, the Carter Familys recording career begins. Louis Armstrong and His Hot Seven record, Hamilton Sisters and Fordyce, harmony trio, tour Variety Theaters with Savoy Havana Band, record with Orpheans, Bert Ambrose, and others in England June–November. Adios Muchachos w. Cesar Felipe Vedani m, julio Cesar Sanders Aint She Sweet w. Jack Yellen m. Milton Ager Among My Souvenirs w. Edgar Leslie m, horatio Nicholls Are You Lonesome Tonight. W. Roy Turk m. Lou Handman At Sundown w. m, Walter Donaldson The Babbitt And The Bromide w. Ira Gershwin m. George Gershwin The Best Things In Life Are Free w. B. G. De Sylva & Lew Brown m. Ray Henderson Black And Tan Fantasy m, Duke Ellington Bless This House w. Helen Taylor m. Irving Berlin Broken Hearted w. B. G. De Sylva & Lew Brown m, ray Henderson Cant Help Lovin Dat Man w. Oscar Hammerstein II m. Jerome Kern. Introduced by Helen Morgan in the musical Show Boat Changes w. m, Walter Donaldson Chlo-e w. Gus Kahn m. Neil Moret Creole Love Call w. m, edward Duke Ellington Dew-Dew-Dewy Day w. m. Al Sherman, Charles Tobias & Howard Johnson Diane w. m, ernie Rapee & Lew Pollack Did You Mean It. W. Abe Lyman & Sid Silvers m, phil Baker The Doll Dance m. Nacio Herb Brown Everywhere You Go w. m, larry Shay, Joe Goodwin & Mark Fisher Fifty Million Frenchmen Cant Be Wrong w. Willie Raskin & Billy Rose m
14.
1928 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1928. April 27 - Igor Stravinskys ballet Apollon musagète receives its première in Washington, may 5 - Composers Alban Berg and George Gershwin meet for the first time, in Vienna. September 11 - Leoš Janáčeks String Quartet No,2, Intimate Letters, receives its première in Brno. September 12 - Anton Weberns String Trio receives its première in Siena, September 14 - Carl Nielsens Clarinet Concerto is given its first performance. September 21 - Al Jolson marries Ruby Keeler, November 22 - Maurice Ravels Bolero receives its première in Paris at the Palais Garnier. November 27 - Igor Stravinskys ballet Le Baiser de la fée receives its première in Paris, edward German is knighted for services to music. Eric Fenby begins work as amanuensis for Frederick Delius, Maurice Ravel embarks on a concert tour of the United States, where he meets George Gershwin. Scrapper Blackwell makes his first recordings for Vocalion Records, leroy Carrs recording career begins with the release of How Long, How Long Blues. The first commercial recordings of Cajun music are released, the Detroit Symphony Orchestra makes its Carnegie Hall début. After My Laughter Came Tears w. m, Charles Tobias & Roy Turk Alabama Song w. Bertolt Brecht m. Kurt Weill All By Yourself In The Moonlight w. m, jay Wallis Anything You Say w. m. Walter Donaldson Baby w. Dorothy Fields m, recorded and sung by Adelaide Hall Back In Your Own Backyard w. m. Dave Dreyer, Al Jolson & Billy Rose Basin Street Blues w. m, spencer Williams Because My Baby Dont Mean Maybe Now w. m. Walter Donaldson Big Rock Candy Mountain Harry McClintock Bill w. P. G, Wodehouse & Oscar Hammerstein II m. Jerome Kern. Introduced by Helen Morgan in the musical Showboat and performed by Miss Morgan in the 1929 and 1936 film versions, Blue Yodel w. Jimmie Rodgers Bolero m. Maurice Ravel Button Up Your Overcoat w. B. G. Cant Help Lovin Dat Man w. Oscar Hammerstein II m. Jerome Kern Carolina Moon w. Benny Davis m. Joe Burke Cherry w. m, don Redman Chiquita w. L. Wolfe Gilbert m. Harry Carlton Coquette w. Gus Kahn m, carmen Lombardo & John Green Cow Cow Blues m. Cow Cow Davenport Crazy Rhythm w. Irving Caesar m. Joseph Meyer & Roger Wolfe Kahn, introduced by Ben Bernie, Peggy Chamberlain and June ODea in the musical Heres Howe
15.
1929 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1929. January 1 – Pianist and composer Abram Chasins makes his debut playing his own piano concerto with the Philadelphia Orchestra. January 11 – Karol Szymanowskis Stabat Mater is premiered, may 17 – Sergei Prokofievs Symphony No.3 is premiered in Paris. May 21 Season opening of Sergei Diaghilevs Ballets Russes, in Paris, with the first performances of Igor Stravinskys Renard and Sergei Prokofievs Le Fils prodigue. June 27 – First London performances of two ballets by Igor Stravinsky, Apollon musagète and Le Baiser de la fée, conducted by the composer at the Kingsway Hall, september 11 - Louis Armstrong records his hit song When Youre Smiling. Manuel de Falla relocates to Granada, the Musashino Academia Musicae is founded in Tokyo, Japan. Edison Records closes, ending production of Diamond Discs and Blue Amberols, a Bundle of Old Love Letters, recorded by James Melton, by Lewis James, and by Charles Kaley Am I A Passing Fancy. by Pete Woolery Am I Blue. Andy Razaf m. Thomas Fats Waller & Harry Brooks After A Million Dreams w. m, Walter Donaldson and Edgar Leslie All That Im Asking Is Sympathy w. m. Benny Davis and Joe Burke Am I Blue, W. Grant Clarke m. Harry Akst Any Old Time w. m. Jimmie Rodgers Around The Corner w. Gus Kahn m. Art Kassel The Banjo w. m. Cole Porter Barnacle Bill The Sailor w. m, carson Robison & Frank Luther Big City Blues w. Sidney D. Mitchell m. Archie Gottler & Con Conrad Black and Blue w. Andy Razaf m. Thomas Fats Waller Blue, nacio Herb Brown Can Broadway Do Without Me. w. m. Jimmy Durante Cant We Be Friends, kay Swift Chant Of The Jungle w. Arthur Freed m. Introduced by Joan Crawford in the film Untamed, Sam Coslow Dear Little Cafe w. m. Noël Coward Deep Night w. Rudy Vallee m, Victor Schertzinger Every Little Moment w. m. Vivian Ellis Feeling Sentimental w. Ira Gershwin m. George Gershwin Find Me A Primitive Man w. m. Cole Porter Funny, Dear, Charles Straight, Joe Bennett & George Little Gee Baby, Aint I Good To You. W. Andy Razaf & Don Redman m, W. Billy Rose & Edward Eliscu m. Vincent Youmans Happy Days Are Here Again w. Jack Yellen m. Milton Ager Have A Little Faith In Me w. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young m. Harry Warren Here Am I w. Oscar Hammerstein II m. Jerome Kern Hes A Good Man To Have Around w. Jack Yellen m
16.
1930 in music
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February 16 - Nicolas Slonimsky conducts the first performance of Charles Ivess Three Places in New England. February 17 - The Technicolor musical film, The Vagabond King, is released, dennis King recreates his original London and Broadway stage role as Villon in this film, and records two songs from the film for Victor Records. They also acquire four music publishers to profit from sales in sheet music, may 10 Metropolitan Opera baritone Lawrence Tibbetts first film The Rogue Song, a lavish Technicolor musical, is released to rave reviews. Lawrence Tibbett records the songs he sang in the film for Victor Records, the film version of the stage hit Hold Everything is released. Winnie Lightner and Joe E. Brown star in this Technicolor musical which opens to rave reviews, of the films song, When the Little Red Roses Get the Blues for You, becomes a hit. Al Jolson records this song from the picture for Brunswick Records, may 25 - The all Technicolor musical film, Song of the Flame, based on the 1925 Broadway musical of the same name, is released to rave reviews. The film stars Noah Beery and Bernice Claire and is nominated for an Oscar for Best Sound Recording, Noah Beery records his song from the picture for Brunswick Records. August 24 - Festival Puccini is launched at Torre del Lago, october 29 - Bing Crosby makes his first recording with the Gus Arnheim orchestra as a solo vocalist. His new type of singing voice, a low baritone, becomes a sensation, December 10 - First performance of Bertolt Brechts play The Decision, with music by Hanns Eisler. December 13 – Ernest Ansermet conducts the premiere of Stravinskys Symphony of Psalms. The BBC Symphony Orchestra is formed in London, the song Body and Soul is written by Johnny Green with lyrics by Edward Heyman, Robert Sour and Frank Eyton in New York City for the British actress Gertrude Lawrence who first performs in London. Libby Holman introduces it to the United States in the Broadway revue Threes a Crowd, There are at least 11 recordings by the end of the year and it becomes the all-time most recorded jazz standard. Frankie Laine sings to an audience of 5,000 at The Merry Garden Ballroom, richard A. Whiting, Featured in the Paramount musical film Paramount on Parade Alone in the Rain w. m. Dan Dougherty and Edmund Goulding, Featured in the Pathe musical film The Grand Parade Alone with My Dreams w. Gus Kahn m. Harry Archer Always in All Ways w. Leo Robin m, richard A. Whiting & W. Franke Harling. Introduced by Jeanette MacDonald in the Paramount musical film Monte Carlo, any Times the Time to Fall in Love w. m. Elsie Janis and Jack King, Featured in the Paramount musical film Paramount on Parade A Bench in the Park w. Jack Yellen m, milton Ager, Featured in the Universal musical film King of Jazz Betty Co-Ed w. m. J. Paul Fogarty & Rudy Vallee Beware of Love m. w, William Kernell, Featured in the William Fox musical film Women Everywhere Beyond the Blue Horizon w. Leo Robin m. Richard A. Whiting & W. Franke Harling, introduced by Jeanette MacDonald in the Paramount musical film Monte Carlo
17.
1933 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1933. January 23 – Béla Bartóks Piano Concerto No.2 receives its première in Frankfurt, february – Billie Holiday is discovered singing at Monettes club. March 6 – Nicolas Slonimsky conducts the world première of Edgard Varèses Ionisation at Carnegie Hall in New York City, June – No.1 Rhythm Club, a pioneering jazz club, opens in Regent Street, London. June 12 – Florence Prices Symphony In E Minor is premièred by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, national Association for American Composers and Conductors is founded by Henry Hadley. Perry Como begins singing with the Freddie Carlone orchestra, gorni Kramer forms his first jazz band. John Serry, Sr. performs as the first on stage concert accordion soloist at the Radio City Music Hall, georges Bizets Symphony in C is rediscovered in the library of the Conservatoire de Paris. After All, Youre All Im After words, Edward Heyman music, Introduced by John Ball in the play She Loves Me Not. Introduced by Lillian Miles and Roger Pryor in the film Moonlight And Pretzels Annie Doesnt Live Here Any More w. Joe Young & Johnny Burke m, Harold Spina Are You Makin Any Money. Introduced by Lillian Miles in the film Moonlight And Pretzels Beautiful Girl w. Arthur Freed m, Introduced by Bing Crosby in the film Going Hollywood. Bei Mir Bist Du Schoen w. Sammy Cahn & Saul Chaplin Jacob Jacobs m, Introduced by Kitty Kelly in the film Too Much Harmony. Edgar Sampson & Irving Mills Blue Prelude w. m, Joe Bishop & Gordon Jenkins Boulevard of Broken Dreams w. Al Dubin m. Harry Warren Build a Little Home w. Al Dubin m. Harry Warren. Sung by Eddie Cantor in the film Roman Scandals, by a Waterfall w. Irving Kahal m. Introduced by Ruby Keeler and Dick Powell in the film Footlight Parade, carioca w. Gus Kahn & Edward Eliscu m. Introduced by Etta Moten in the film Flying Down to Rio, bernice Petkere Coffee in the Morning, Kisses in the Night w. Al Dubin m. Harry Warren The Day You Came Along w. m. Arthur Johnston & Sam Coslow Deep Purple w. Mitchell Parish m. Peter De Rose, did You Ever See a Dream Walking. W. Mack Gordon m. Harry Revel Dinner at Eight w. Dorothy Fields m, Jimmy McHugh Doin the Uptown Lowdown w. Mack Gordon m. Harry Revel. Introduced by Frances Williams with Abe Lyman & his Orchestra in the film Broadway Thru a Keyhole Dont Blame Me w. Dorothy Fields m, Jimmy McHugh Down the Old Ox Road w. Sam Coslow m. Arthur Johnston Drop Me Off in Harlem w. Nick Kenny m. Duke Ellington Dusty Shoes w. E. Y. Harburg m, from the film Moonlight And Pretzels Easter Parade w. m
18.
1923 in architecture
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The year 1923 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. Vers une architecture by Le Corbusier is published, liebenberg and Kaplan architectural practice established in Minneapolis. June 23 - Stockholm City Hall, designed by Ragnar Östberg, December 26 - Ottawa Auditorium, Canada. Chilehaus in Hamburg, designed by Fritz Höger, imperial Hotel, Tokyo, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. Église Notre-Dame du Raincy in France, designed by Auguste Perret, roeschlaub, Colorado architect November 24 - Michel de Klerk, Dutch Amsterdam School architect December 27 - Gustave Eiffel, French civil engineer and architect
19.
Joseph Samuels
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Joseph Samuels was an American musician and bandleader, who is today virtually only known through his recordings. Practically nothing seems to be known about Joseph Samuels as a person, however, recent information in the Bixography Discussion group suggests that Samuels might have died in July 1953. An article published in the May 1919 issue of The Tatler indicates he was born in Tennessee, studied under Campanari at the College of Music of Cincinnati, and was concert master for Henry W. Savage. His name indicates that he, as well as other musicians of the New York City scene at the time. He was mainly a player, but also played violin. What is known beyond doubt about Samuels is that he was a prolific musician during the years 1919 to 1925. In his work The American Dance Band Discography 1917-1942 noted discographer Brian Rust devotes 19 pages to the nearly 400 recordings made by Samuels, Samuels recording debut seems to have been with Pathé in January 1919. After this he went on to record for other companies, beginning with Emerson, Grey Gull, and Arto in 1920, continuing with Edison in 1921 and with Gennett, Federal. From 1923 onwards, the last of these labels - as well as associated labels such as Regal, Oriole, as usually on these low-budget labels, the recordings were issued under an array of bewildering pseudonyms such as Majestic Dance Orchestra, Hollywood Dance Orchestra and Missouri Jazz Band. Apart from these hundreds of dance music recordings, Samuels also lead smaller recording groups playing in a more outright jazz idiom. Most of these sides were made under the names of Synco Jazz Band, Joseph Samuels Jazz Band. To these might be added some further seven sides waxed for Columbia in 1924 as Columbia Novelty Orchestra, the earliest of these small band recordings were very much in the style of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, but over time got a sound and style of their own. The bands recording for Okeh of The Fives in March 1923 is considered the first orchestral recording of boogie-woogie and these accompaniments are among the earliest examples of racially mixed jazz recordings in the United States. For his dance band as well as his jazz group recordings, Samuels seems to have relied mainly on the nucleus of fellow musicians. On trumpet Samuels generally had Jules Levy Jr and he was the son of a British-born cornet virtuoso of the same name. Like his father, Levy Jr. also performed and recorded as a soloist in concert and he is reported to later have led a band of his own in Hollywood. When a second trumpet appears in Samuels recordings it is generally Hymie Farberman, on trombone was Ephraim Hannaford, who had earlier been a member of the religious community called House of David and had worked in the various well-known musical aggregations within that group. On piano Samuels had Larry Briers, of whom little is known
20.
Okeh Records
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Okeh Records was a record label founded by the Otto Heinemann Phonograph Corporation, a phonograph supplier established in 1916, which branched out into phonograph records in 1918. Since 1926, it has been a subsidiary of Columbia Records, today, Okeh is an imprint of Sony Masterworks, a specialty label of Columbia. Okeh was founded by Otto K. E. Heinemann, a German-American manager for the U. S. branch of German-owned Odeon Records, Heinemann formed the name of the record label from his initials, on early disc labels, the name is spelled OkeH. The first discs were vertical cut, in 1919, Okeh switched to the lateral-cut method of sound recording, more commony used for disc records. In that year the parent company was renamed the General Phonograph Corporation. The common 10-inch discs retailed for 75 cents each, the 12-inch discs for $1.25, the companys musical director was Fred Hager, who was also credited under the pseudonym Milo Rega. Okeh produced lines of recordings in German, Czech, Polish, Swedish, some were pressed from masters leased from European labels, others were recorded by Okeh in New York. In 1920, Ralph Peers recordings of the African-American blues singer Mamie Smith were a smash hit for Okeh. The company perceived the significant, little-tapped market for blues and jazz by African-American artists, in 1922, Okeh hired Clarence Williams as director of race recordings for Okehs New York studios, in addition to making recordings under his own name. Okeh then opened a studio in Chicago, the center of jazz in the 1920s. Many classic jazz performances by prominent artists as King Oliver, Lucille Bogan, Sidney Bechet, Hattie McDaniel, Louis Armstrong. As part of the Carl Lindstrom Company, Okeh recordings were distributed by other Lindstrom labels, King Oliver and Bennie Moten recorded for Okeh before moving on to other labels. The 8000 race series is highly prized by collectors, partly because Okeh recorded many blues, in 1926, Okeh was sold to Columbia Records. Columbia and its subsequent parent companies have controlled Okeh since then, the original Mamie Smith recording was in 1920, of Crazy Blues. General Phonograph Corp, Okehs manufacturer, used Smith’s success as the press to cultivate the new found market. Okeh had further prominence in the demographic, as African-American artists such as Sara Martin, Eva Taylor, Shelton Brooks, Esther Bigeou, Okeh started a special 8000 series devoted exclusively to race artists. The success of this series led Okeh to start recording where the music was being performed, the 8000 series, which began in 1921, lasted until late 1934, the final number being 8966. Okeh Records pioneered the practice of recording in 1922
21.
Jazz band
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A jazz band is a musical ensemble that plays jazz music. Jazz bands vary in the quantity of its members and the style of jazz that they play but it is common to find a band made up of a rhythm section. The size of a band is closely related to the style of jazz they play as well as the type of venues in which they play. Jazz bands can vary in size from a big band, to a trio or quartet. The term jazz trio can refer to a three piece band with a pianist, double bass player and a drummer, some bands use vocalists, while others are purely instrumental groups. Jazz bands usually have a bandleader, in a big band setting, there is usually more than one player for a type of instrument. Small jazz bands of three to four musicians are referred to as combos and can be found in small night club venues. In modern jazz, a bass player is almost always present in a small band. Its common for musicians in a combo to perform their music from memory, the improvisational nature of these performances make every show unique. In jazz, there are types of trios. One type of trio is formed with a piano player, a bass player. Another type of jazz trio that became popular in the 1950s and 1960s is the trio, which is composed of a Hammond organ player, a drummer. In organ trios, the Hammond organ player performs the line on the organ bass pedals while simultaneously playing chords or lead lines on the keyboard manuals. In the latter type of trio, the lack of a chordal instrument means that the horn player, Jazz quartets typically add a horn to one of the jazz trios described above. The Modern Jazz Quartet was a jazz combo established in 1952 that played a style of jazz influenced by classical music, the lineup of larger jazz ensembles can vary considerably, depending on the style of jazz being performed. In a 1920s-style Dixieland jazz band, a larger ensemble would be formed by adding a player, woodwind instruments, as with the clarinet. Also by the addition of soloing instruments, the standard rhythm section is piano, bass, and drums, augmented by guitar at times in small combos and regularly in large ones. Some large swing era orchestras also employed an additional piano, accordion, the horn section consists of a woodwind section and a brass section, which play the melody and main accompaniment
22.
Boogie-woogie
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Boogie-woogie is a musical genre that became popular during the late 1920s, but developed in African American communities in the 1870s. It was eventually extended from piano, to piano duo and trio, guitar, big band, country and western music, while the blues traditionally expresses a variety of emotions, boogie-woogie is mainly associated with dancing. The lyrics of one of the earliest hits, Pinetops Boogie Woogie, consist entirely of instructions to dancers, Now, and when I tell you to get it, I want you to Boogie Woogie. It is characterized by a regular bass figure, which is transposed following the chord changes. Boogie-woogie is not strictly a solo style, it can accompany singers and be featured in orchestras. It is sometimes called eight to the bar, as much of it is written in common time time using eighth notes, the chord progressions are typically based on I - IV - V - I. For the most part, boogie-woogie tunes are blues, although the style has been applied to popular songs such as Swanee River. Jeremy Denk, for example, describes the movement using terms like proto-jazz. The origin of the term boogie-woogie is unknown, according to Websters Third New International Dictionary, the Oxford English Dictionary states that the word is a reduplication of boogie, which was used for rent parties as early as 1913. John Tennison, a San Antonio psychiatrist, pianist, and musicologist, among them are four African terms, including the Hausa word Boog and the Mandingo word Booga, both of which mean to beat, as in beating a drum. There is also the West African word Bogi, which means to dance, the meanings of these terms are consistent with the percussiveness, dancing, and uninhibited behaviors historically associated with boogie-woogie music. The African origin of these terms is also consistent with evidence that the music originated among newly emancipated African-Americans, in sheet music literature prior to 1900, there are at least three examples of the word boogie in music titles in the archives of the Library of Congress. In 1901, Hoogie Boogie appeared in the title of published sheet music, the first use of Boogie in a recording title appears to be a blue cylinder recording made by Edison of the American Quartet performing That Syncopated Boogie Boo in 1913. Boogie next occurs in the title of Wilbur Sweatmans April 1917 recording of Boogie Rag, however none of these sheet music or audio recording examples contain the musical elements that would identify them as boogie-woogie. The 1919 recordings of Weary Blues by the Louisiana Five contained the same boogie-woogie bass figure as appears in the 1915 Weary Blues sheet music by Artie Matthews, Tennison has recognized these 1919 recordings as the earliest sound recordings which contain a boogie-woogie bass figure. Blind Lemon Jefferson used the term Booga Rooga to refer to a bass figure that he used in Match Box Blues. Jefferson may have heard the term from Huddie Lead Belly Ledbetter and he said it influenced his guitar-playing. Lead Belly also said he heard boogie-woogie piano in the Fannin Street district of Shreveport, additional citations place the origins of boogie-woogie in the Piney Woods of northeast Texas
23.
Igor Stravinsky
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Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky was a Russian-born composer, pianist, and conductor. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the 20th century, Stravinskys compositional career was notable for its stylistic diversity. His Russian phase which continued with such as Renard, The Soldiers Tale. The works from this tended to make use of traditional musical forms, drawing on earlier styles. In the 1950s, Stravinsky adopted serial procedures, Stravinsky was born on 17 June 1882 in Oranienbaum, a suburb of Saint Petersburg, the Russian imperial capital, and was brought up in Saint Petersburg. It is believed that Stravinsky’s ancestry is traceable back to the 17th and 18th centuries, to the bearers of the Soulima, ivan Sulima, was a famous Ukrainian hetman 1628–1635. Stravinskys family branch most likely came from Stravinskas, polonized Lithuanian land owners and it is still unclear to when exactly the Soulima part of the surname was dropped. Stravinsky recalled his schooldays as being lonely, later saying that I never came across anyone who had any attraction for me. Stravinsky began piano lessons as a boy, studying music theory. In 1890, he saw a performance of Tchaikovskys ballet The Sleeping Beauty at the Mariinsky Theatre, despite his enthusiasm for music, his parents expected him to study law. Stravinsky enrolled at the University of Saint Petersburg in 1901, Stravinskys father died of cancer that year, by which time his son had already begun spending more time on his musical studies than on law. Thereafter, he concentrated on studying music, in 1905, he began to take twice-weekly private lessons from Rimsky-Korsakov, whom he came to regard as a second father. These lessons continued until Rimsky-Korsakovs death in 1908, in 1905 Stravinsky was betrothed to his cousin Katherine Gavrylivna Nosenko, whom he had known since early childhood. Diaghilev was sufficiently impressed by Fireworks to commission Stravinsky to carry out some orchestrations and then to compose a ballet score. The early period of Igor Stravinsky’s work would be incomplete without a research of his life while in Ukraine. From approximately 1890 till 1914 the composer was frequently visiting Ustyluh, town in Volyn Oblast and he spent most of his summers there and that’s where he met his cousin, Katherine Nosenko who he married in 1906. In 1907 Stravinsky designed and built his own house in Ustyluh where his own family stayed often during summer times until 1914 and his new Ukrainian home he called “My heavenly place”. In this house Igor Stravinsky worked on his seventeen early compositions, among which were orchestral fantasy Fireworks, ballets Firebird, Petrushka, currently, after its renovation this house is the only composers house-museum opened to the public
24.
Octet (Stravinsky)
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The Octet for wind instruments is a chamber-music composition by Igor Stravinsky, completed in 1923. Stravinsky’s Octet is scored for a combination of woodwind and brass instruments, flute, clarinet in B♭ and A. According to Stravinsky, he composed the Octet fairly rapidly in 1922, after completing the first movement, he composed the waltz that would become the fourth variation of the middle movement. Only after composing this waltz did the idea come to him that it might be a subject for a variation movement. The seventh variation, a fugato, especially pleased Stravinsky, one biographer concludes that Stravinsky began composing the Octet after returning from Germany to Biarritz late in the autumn of 1922, and completed the score on 20 May 1923. However, the sketch materials reveal a complex chronology. Twelve measures of what would become the waltz variation were composed in 1919, there is an early five-page draft of uncertain date for the beginning of the Allegro section in the first movement, at that time planned for piano and wind orchestra. The main segments of the first movement were drafted in sketches dated between 12 July and 8 August, and the score of the movement was completed on 16 August 1922. Two days later, Stravinsky began work on the movement by adding the previously composed fugato. The waltz coincidentally contains the intervals as the opening of the fugato. The Finale was completed in Paris on 20 May 1923, the score was revised by the composer in 1952. The published score does not carry a dedication, though Stravinsky said it was dedicated to Vera de Bosset, Stravinsky himself conducted the premiere of the Octet on one of Serge Koussevitzkys concerts at the Paris Opera House on 18 October 1923. This was the first time he had conducted a premiere of a new piece, the cavernous space cannot have been ideal for presenting such a chamber-music work, but Stravinsky later expressed satisfaction with the balance of the sound at that performance. The very first recording that Stravinsky made was of the Octet, a recording, probably made for his own study purposes. The opening Sinfonia is a rare example of Stravinskys use of sonata form. The opening Lento section functions like an introduction, presenting the background tonal structure that will also govern the main Allegro section. In 1922, when Stravinsky was composing the second, theme-and-variations movement, the hybrid of rondo and variation form resembles the slow movement of Mozarts E♭ major Piano Concerto, K.482, to which it has been compared. Variations 1,3, and 6 are practically identical, and serve as introductions to the following variations 2,4, Stravinsky referred to this recurring introduction as the ribbons of scales variation
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Sergei Prokofiev
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Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev was a Russian and Soviet composer, pianist and conductor. As the creator of acknowledged masterpieces across numerous genres, he is regarded as one of the major composers of the 20th century. Prokofievs greatest interest, however, was opera, and he composed works in that genre, including The Gambler. Prokofievs one operatic success during his lifetime was The Love for Three Oranges, composed for the Chicago Opera and subsequently performed over the decade in Europe. During that time he married a Spanish singer, Carolina Codina, in the early 1930s, the Great Depression diminished opportunities for Prokofievs ballets and operas to be staged in America and western Europe. He enjoyed some success there – notably with Lieutenant Kijé, Peter and the Wolf, Romeo and Juliet, the Nazi invasion of the USSR spurred him to compose his most ambitious work, an operatic version of Leo Tolstoys War and Peace. Prokofiev was born in 1891 in Sontsovka, a rural estate in the Yekaterinoslav Governorate of the Russian Empire. His father, Sergei Alexeyevich Prokofiev, was an agronomist, Prokofievs mother, Maria, came from a family of former serfs who had been owned by the Sheremetev family, under whose patronage serf-children were taught theatre and arts from an early age. She was described by Reinhold Glière as a woman with beautiful. Who knew how to create an atmosphere of warmth and simplicity about her, after their wedding in the summer of 1877, the Prokofievs had moved to a small estate in the Smolensk governorate. Eventually Sergei Alexeyevich found employment as a engineer, employed by one of his former fellow-students, Dmitri Sontsov. By seven, he had learned to play chess. At the age of nine, he was composing his first opera, The Giant, as well as an overture, unable to arrange that, Tanayev instead arranged for composer and pianist Reinhold Glière to spend the summer of 1902 in Sontsovka teaching Prokofiev. The first series of lessons culminated, at the 11-year-old Prokofievs insistence, the following summer, Glière revisited Sontsovka to give further tuition. By 1904, his mother had decided instead on Saint Petersburg, glazunov was so impressed that he urged Prokofievs mother to have her son apply for admission to the Conservatory. He passed the tests and enrolled that year. Several years younger than most of his class, Prokofiev was viewed as eccentric and arrogant and he also shared classes with the composers Boris Asafyev and Nikolai Myaskovsky, the latter becoming a relatively close and lifelong friend. As a member of the Saint Petersburg music scene, Prokofiev developed a reputation as a rebel, while getting praise for his original compositions
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Serge Koussevitzky
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Serge Alexandrovich Koussevitzky was a Russian-born conductor, composer and double-bassist, known for his long tenure as music director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra from 1924 to 1949. Koussevitzky was born into a Jewish family of musicians in Vyshny Volochyok, Tver Governorate, about 250 km northwest of Moscow. His parents taught him violin, cello, and piano, at the age of fourteen he received a scholarship to the Musico-Dramatic Institute of the Moscow Philharmonic Society, where he studied double bass with Rambusek and music theory. He excelled at the bass, joining the Bolshoi Theatre orchestra at the age of twenty, in 1894, in 1902 he married the dancer Nadezhda Galat. The same year, with Reinhold Glières help, he wrote a concerto for the double bass. In 1905, Koussevitzky divorced Nadezhda and married Natalie Ushkova, the daughter of a wealthy tea merchant. He soon resigned from the Bolshoi, and the moved to Berlin. The concert included Sergei Rachmaninoffs Piano Concerto No,2, with the composer at the piano. Among the composers published by Koussevitzky were Rachmaninoff, Alexander Scriabin, Sergei Prokofiev, Igor Stravinsky, and Nikolai Medtner. During the period 1909 to 1920 he continued to perform as soloist in Europe, and in Russia he and his orchestra toured towns along the Volga River by riverboat in 1910,1912, the programs included many new works. After the 1917 Russian Revolution, he accepted a position as conductor of the newly named State Philharmonic Orchestra of Petrograd, in 1920, he left the Soviet Union for Berlin and Paris. In Paris he organized the Concerts Koussevitzky, presenting new works by Prokofiev, Stravinsky, in 1924 he took a post in the United States, replacing Pierre Monteux as conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. However, he continued to return to Paris in the summers to conduct his Concerts Koussevitzky until 1929, in 1941 he and his wife became United States citizens. Koussevitzkys appointment as conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra was the beginning of an era for the ensemble that would continue until 1949. Over that 25-year period, he built the ensembles reputation into that of a leading American orchestra, in the early 1940s, he discovered a young tenor named Alfred Cocozza, and provided him with a scholarship to attend Tanglewood. With the Boston Symphony he made recordings, most of which were well regarded by critics. His students and protégés included Leonard Bernstein, Eleazar de Carvalho, Samuel Adler, Bernstein once received a pair of cufflinks from Koussevitzky as a gift, and thereafter wore them at every concert he conducted. Koussevitzkys second wife Natalie died in 1942, and he created the Koussevitzky Music Foundations in her honor, in late 1947, he married Olga Naumova, Natalies niece
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John Foulds
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John Herbert Foulds was a British composer of classical music. He was largely self-taught as a composer, and belongs to the figures of the British Musical Renaissance, a successful composer of light music and theatre scores, his principal creative energies went into more ambitious and exploratory works that were particularly influenced by Indian music. Foulds was a figure of great innate musicality and superb technical skill. Among his best works are Three Mantras for orchestra and wordless chorus, Essays in the Modes for piano, the piano concerto Dynamic Triptych, John Foulds was born in Hulme, Manchester, England, on 2 November 1880, the son of a bassoonist in the Hallé Orchestra. Prolific from childhood, Foulds himself joined the Hallé as a cellist in 1900, having served an apprenticeship in theatre and promenade orchestras in England. Hans Richter gave him conducting experience, Henry Wood took up some of his works, in some respects ahead of his time, Foulds was in others an intensely practical musician. He became a composer of light music – his Keltic Lament was once a popular favourite. This state of affairs is rather a galling one for a serious artist, Foulds also wrote many effective theatre scores, notably for his friends Lewis Casson and Sybil Thorndike. Perhaps the best known was the music for the first production of George Bernard Shaws Saint Joan and he also wrote the score for Cassons highly successful West End production of Shakespeares Henry VIII, which ran from December 1925 to March 1926. However, his creative energies went into more ambitious and exploratory works, often coloured by his interest in the music of the East. Foulds moved to London before World War I, and in 1915 during the war he met the violinist Maud MacCarthy, performances in 1924 and 1925 took place at the Queens Hall. In 1926 it returned to the Albert Hall, but this was to be the last performance until 2007, the performances in 1923–26 constituted the first Festivals of Remembrance. While some critics were not impressed by the work, it was nonetheless popular, one newspaper wrote, The scope of the work is beyond what anyone has dared to attempt hitherto. It is no less than to find expression for the deepest and most widespread unhappiness this generation has ever known, as such it was received by a very large number of listeners, who evidently felt that music alone could do this for them. However, the work ceased to be performed after 1926, some commentators have suggested a conspiracy against Foulds – his biographer Malcolm MacDonald has, for instance, implied some sort of intrigue. It appears Foulds was regarded as a composer for the occasion because he had not fought in the war. When interest in the World Requiem lapsed, Foulds suffered a setback and in 1927 left for Paris. In 1934 he published a book on contemporary developments, Music To-day
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Royal Albert Hall
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The Royal Albert Hall is a concert hall on the northern edge of South Kensington, London, which holds the Proms concerts annually each summer since 1941. It has a capacity of up to 5,272 seats, the Hall is a registered charity held in trust for the nation and receives no public or government funding. A further 400 events are each year in the non-auditorium spaces. In 1851, the Great Exhibition was held in Hyde Park, the Exhibitions Royal Commission bought Gore House and its grounds on the advice of the Prince. Progress on the scheme was slow and in 1861 Prince Albert died, however, a memorial was proposed for Hyde Park, with a Great Hall opposite. The proposal was approved and the site was purchased with some of the profits from the Exhibition, the Hall was designed by civil engineers Captain Francis Fowke and Major-General Henry Y. D. Scott of the Royal Engineers and built by Lucas Brothers. The designers were heavily influenced by ancient amphitheatres, but had also exposed to the ideas of Gottfried Semper while he was working at the South Kensington Museum. The recently opened Cirque dHiver in Paris was seen in the press as the design to outdo. The Hall was constructed mainly of Fareham Red brick, with terra cotta block decoration made by Gibbs, the dome on top was made of wrought iron and glazed. There was an assembly made of the iron framework of the dome in Manchester, then it was taken apart again and transported to London via horse. When the time came for the structure to be removed from the dome after reassembly in situ. It did drop – but only by five-sixteenths of an inch, the Hall was scheduled to be completed by Christmas Day 1870 and the Queen visited a few weeks beforehand to inspect. The official opening ceremony of the Hall was on 29 March 1871, a welcoming speech was given by Edward, the Prince of Wales, Queen Victoria was too overcome to speak. At some point, the Queen remarked that the Hall reminded her of the British constitution, a concert followed, when the Halls acoustic problems became immediately apparent. Engineers first attempted to solve the strong echo by suspending a canvas awning below the dome, in July 1871, French organist Camille Saint-Saëns performed Church Scene from the Faust by Charles Gounod, The Orchestra described his performance as an exceptional and distinguished performer. Initially lit by gas, the Hall contained a system where its thousands of gas jets were lit within ten seconds. Though it was demonstrated as early as 1873 in the Hall, full electric lighting was not installed until 1888, during an early trial when a partial installation was made, one disgruntled patron wrote to The Times declaring it to be a very ghastly and unpleasant innovation. In May 1877, Richard Wagner himself conducted the first half of each of the eight concerts which made up the Grand Wagner Festival
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London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
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Budapest
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Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary, one of the largest cities in the European Union and sometimes described as the primate city of Hungary. It has an area of 525 square kilometres and a population of about 1.8 million within the limits in 2016. Budapest became a single city occupying both banks of the Danube river with the unification of Buda and Óbuda on the west bank, the history of Budapest began with Aquincum, originally a Celtic settlement that became the Roman capital of Lower Pannonia. Hungarians arrived in the territory in the 9th century and their first settlement was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241–1242. The re-established town became one of the centres of Renaissance humanist culture by the 15th century, following the Battle of Mohács and nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule, the region entered a new age of prosperity, and Budapest became a global city after its unification in 1873. It also became the co-capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a power that dissolved in 1918. Budapest was the point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Hungarian Republic of Councils in 1919, the Battle of Budapest in 1945. Budapest is an Alpha- global city, with strengths in arts, commerce, design, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, services, research, and tourism. Its business district hosts the Budapest Stock Exchange and the headquarters of the largest national and international banks and it is the highest ranked Central and Eastern European city on Innovation Cities Top 100 index. Budapest attracts 4.4 million international tourists per year, making it the 25th most popular city in the world, further famous landmarks include Andrássy Avenue, St. It has around 80 geothermal springs, the worlds largest thermal water system, second largest synagogue. Budapest is home to the headquarters of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, the European Police College, over 40 colleges and universities are located in Budapest, including the Eötvös Loránd University, Central European University and Budapest University of Technology and Economics. Budapest is the combination of the city names Buda and Pest, One of the first documented occurrences of the combined name Buda-Pest was in 1831 in the book Világ, written by Count István Széchenyi. The origins of the names Buda and Pest are obscure, according to chronicles from the Middle Ages, the name Buda comes from the name of its founder, Bleda, brother of the Hunnic ruler Attila. The theory that Buda was named after a person is also supported by modern scholars, an alternative explanation suggests that Buda derives from the Slavic word вода, voda, a translation of the Latin name Aquincum, which was the main Roman settlement in the region. There are also theories about the origin of the name Pest. One of the states that the word Pest comes from the Roman times. According to another theory, Pest originates from the Slavic word for cave, or oven, the first settlement on the territory of Budapest was built by Celts before 1 AD
