The 1931 season of the Peruvian Primera División was the 16th season of top-flight Peruvian football. It was played by 12 teams. The national champions were Alianza Lima. Federación Universitaria and Ciclista Lima were both deducted 1 point because of walkover defeats. First Division reduced to 8 teams for 1932.

The Peru First Division, officially known as Liga 1, is the top flight of association football in Peru. It has been referred to as Torneo Descentralizado since 1966, when the first teams residing outside the Lima and Callao provinces were invited to compete in the inaugural league national competition.