1.
Pittsburgh Panthers football
–
The Pittsburgh Panthers football is the intercollegiate football team of the University of Pittsburgh, often referred to as Pitt, located in Pittsburgh. As of the 2013 season, Pitt competes as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference, Pitt has claimed nine national championships and is among the top 20 college football programs in terms of all-time wins. The Panthers are currently coached by Pat Narduzzi, a 130-pound WUP student, Bert Smyers, along with senior student John Scott, assembled a football team that year composed of only three players who had previously witnessed the sport. The team played in one game, a loss against Shady Side Academy, in which Smyers made himself quarterback. In Smyers case, his uniform was pieced together by his mother and sister, the first official game for the university was played on October 11,1890, when the Allegheny Athletic Associations opponent, Shadyside Academy, failed to appear for its game at Exposition Park. Allegheny A. A. called Smyers who brought the WUP team as a replacement, in an inglorious start to Pitt football history, WUP was defeated 38–0. Smyers team next faced Washington and Jefferson College, losing 32–0, the following season saw the university collect more losses en route to a 2–5 record. Smyers suffered a nose in a 40–6 loss to Washington and Jefferson. Perhaps the most important development for the season of football was Smyers recruitment of Joseph Trees from Normal University of Pennsylvania. The 210 pound Trees became WUPs first subsidized athlete and, later in life, made millions in the oil industry and became an important benefactor for the university and athletic department. Today, Trees Hall, a facility on the University of Pittsburghs main campus in the Oakland section of Pittsburgh. The first winning record for the university came in the season of competition in 1892. The following season in 1893, the team had its first official coach, Anson F. Harrold, who led the team to an unremarkable 1–4 record. However, during that season the first contest was played in what would become a 96-game series versus Penn State, in 1895, the school suffered a 1–6 season under coach J. P. Linn. The 1895 season was notable for the first Backyard Brawl on October 26,1895, with WUP losing to West Virginia 8–0 in Wheeling, the university did not see another winning season until Fred Robinson led WUP to a 5–2–1 record in 1898. In 1899, Robinson continued his success with a 3–1–1 record and this was followed by two more consecutive winning seasons, including a record seven-win season in 1901 under coach Wilbur Hockensmith. That season, Hockensmith led the school to its first victory over West Virginia, in the early years of the 20th century, interest in college football grew both in Pittsburgh and throughout the nation. In 1903, Arthur St. Leger Texas Mosse was hired away from the University of Kansas, other players were recruited from surrounding Western Pennsylvania colleges, including star half back Joseph H. Thompson
2.
Jock Sutherland
–
John Bain Jock Sutherland was an American football player and coach. He coached college football at Lafayette College and the University of Pittsburgh and professional football for the Brooklyn Dodgers and he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951. A native of Coupar Angus in Scotland, Sutherland got his start in football by playing end at the University of Pittsburgh, commonly known as Pitt, Sutherland was named an All-American and played on Pitts national championship teams in 1915 and 1916. Sutherland also played on Pitts undefeated 1917 team, the 1917 team was known as The Fighting Dentists because on occasion every position was filled by dental students. The dental students on the 1917 team included Sutherland, Katy Easterday, Skip Gougler, Tank McLaren, Sutherland also lettered in wrestling and captained the track & field team at Pitt for which he specialized in the hammer throw, discus, and shot put. He was also a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity, Psi Omega national dental fraternity, Omicron Delta Kappa, and the Druids Society, Sutherland graduated from the University of Pittsburghs School of Dentistry, where he also held a professorship in the instruction of bridge and crown. In 1919, Sutherland played in a few games with the Massillon Tigers of the Ohio League, however he soon left the team and began his head coaching career at Lafayette College from 1919 to 1923, leading the Leopards to the 1921 Eastern Collegiate Championship. In 1924, Sutherland replaced Pop Warner, his coach and mentor. Sutherland, who was described as a hero in a Saturday Evening Post article, became a highly admired. On offense, he ran a double-wing formation known as the Sutherland Scythe and he was known for his calm and direct demeanor, never shouting or ranting to motivate his team. During his tenure, Sutherlands teams were named Eastern football champions seven times including 1925,1927,1929,1931,1934,1936, during this time, Pitt appeared in four Rose Bowl games and turned down a bid for the 1938 Rose Bowl. Sutherlands teams were named National Champions by various selectors for nine different seasons including 1925,1927,1929,1931,1933,1934,1936,1937, bowmans moves, which resulted in Sutherlands departure, were controversial among students and supporters of the football program. His.812 winning percentage is also the 5th best such mark during the first 20 years of any coaches career and he is also tied for the 23rd fewest games to reach 100 victories, accomplished in his 132nd game as coach. Sutherland later coached in the National Football League with the Brooklyn Dodgers for two seasons, 1940–41, before leaving the team to serve the United States during World War II, during the war, Sutherland served in the United States Navy and achieved the rank of Lieutenant commander. Upon returning to the United States, Sutherland landed with the Pittsburgh Steelers and he led the Steelers to their first playoff appearance in 1947. He was flown back to Pittsburgh for further treatment, an exploratory surgery was required to determine whether he was suffering from a hemorrhage or a tumor. Sutherland died in Pittsburgh on April 11,1948, following surgery to remove a malignant brain tumor and he is interred in Pittsburghs Homewood Cemetery. Sutherland was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951 as a coach and he is memorialized on the Pitt campus with a street, Sutherland Drive, and the student residence Sutherland Hall
3.
Single wing formation
–
In American and Canadian football, a single-wing formation, created by Glenn Pop Warner, was a precursor to the modern spread or shotgun formation. The term usually connotes formations in which the snap is tossed rather than handed—formations with one wingback, the single wing was superior to the T formation in its ability to get an extra eligible receiver down field. Traditionally, the single-wing was a formation that featured a core of four backs including a tailback, a fullback, a quarterback. Linemen were set unbalanced, or simply put, there were two linemen on one side and four on the side of the center. This was done by moving the off-side guard or tackle to the strong side, the single-wing was one of the first formations attempting to trick the defense instead of over-powering it. Pop Warner referred to his new scheme as the Carlisle formation because he formulated most of the offense while coaching the Carlisle Indians. The term single-wing came into use after spectators noticed that the formation gave the appearance of a wing-shape. In 1907, Warner coached at Carlisle, a school for Native Americans, the first was the discovery of Jim Thorpes raw athletic ability. The second was the use of a passing game that relied on the spiraled ball. Finally, faking backs who started one way, but abruptly headed the opposite way, because Jim Thorpe had so much raw talent, Coach Warner more than likely designed much of his single-wing offense around this gifted athlete. Thorpe, the triple threat, was a good runner, passer. For much of the history of the formation, players were expected to play on both sides of the ball. Consequently, offensive players often turned around to play a corresponding location on defense, the offensive backs played defensive backs, just as the offensive linemen played defensive linemen. Unlike teams of today, single-wing teams had few specialists who only played on certain downs, college football playbooks prior to the 1950s were dominated with permutations of the traditional single-wing envisioned by Warner. Two-time All-American Jack Crains handwritten playbook clearly denotes how the University of Texas ran their version of the single-wing circa 1939-1940, University of Texas Coach Dana X. Bible ran a line, which means that there were the same numbers of linemen on each side of the center. Also, the ends were slightly split, slightly splitting offensive ends, called flexing, was in widespread use by Notre Dames Box variation of the single-wing. Knute Rocknes Notre Dame Box offense employed a balanced line, which had 3 linemen on each side of the center, another Rockne innovation was a shifting backfield that attempted to confuse the defense by moving backs to alternate positions right before the snap
4.
Pitt Stadium
–
Pitt Stadium was a stadium located on the campus of the University of Pittsburgh in the Oakland section of Pittsburgh in the U. S. state of Pennsylvania from 1925 to 1999. It served primarily as the home of the University of Pittsburghs football team and it was also used for other University sporting events, including Pittsburgh Panthers basketball, baseball, rifle, track, and gymnastics. Pitt Stadium also served as the home of the Pittsburgh Steelers. After demolition, the Pittsburgh Panthers football team played games at Three Rivers Stadium in 2000. The Pittsburgh Panthers played home games at the Pittsburgh Pirates Forbes Field from 1909 to 1924. In the 1910s and 1920s, Pitt football achieved great success under head coach Glenn Scobey Pop Warner, completing several undefeated seasons, the popularity of college football was rising across the country and in Pittsburgh. Subsequently, due to reserved for alumni and students, the general publics demand for tickets to see Pitt play at Forbes Field surpassed supply. In the early 1920s, the University administration decided to build a stadium to alleviate the seating problem. The University purchased nine acres of adjacent to university property for the Pitt Stadium site. University and private funding provided US$2.1 million for acquisition and construction. W. S. Hindman, a Pitt graduate, was the designer and engineer. The Turner Construction Company built the stadium from August 7,1924 to September 1,1925, the 791 feet by 617 feet stadium was designed to hold a capacity of 69,400 with provisions for an upper deck that could provide for an additional 30,000 seats. On September 26,1925, Pitt played its first football game at the new Pitt Stadium, starting in 1929, the stadium also hosted the football team of the Carnegie Tech Tartans, which played their home games there on a split schedule with the Panthers until 1943. By the 1940s, new safety rules from the city fire marshal prohibited temporary bleacher seats on the rim of the stadium and in the track area. In order to provide comfort to spectators, the Department of Athletics also widened seats from 16 to 18 inches. The original grass surface was replaced with AstroTurf in 1970, in 1984, SuperTurf was installed, but after six years AstroTurf once again became the stadiums playing surface. In the late 1970s, the original 17 miles of wood seating was replaced with metal bleachers, temporary lighting was installed at Pitt Stadium in 1985, but was made permanent before the 1987 season. The highest attended game took place on October 29,1938, the Pittsburgh Steelers played home games at Forbes Field from their 1933 inception to 1957
5.
University of Pittsburgh
–
The University of Pittsburgh is a state-related research university located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1787 after the American Revolutionary War, it was founded on the edge of the American frontier as the Pittsburgh Academy and it developed and was renamed as Western University of Pennsylvania by a change to its charter in 1819. For most of its history, Pitt was a private institution, the university also includes four undergraduate schools located at campuses within Western Pennsylvania, Bradford, Greensburg, Johnstown, and Titusville. The 132-acre Pittsburgh campus has multiple contributing historic buildings of the Schenley Farms Historic District, most notably its 42-story Gothic revival centerpiece, the university has an annual operating budget of approximately $2 billion, which includes nearly $900 million in research and development expenditures. It is the second-largest non-government employer in the Pittsburgh region behind UPMC, Pitt is ranked among the top public universities in the United States in both domestic and international rankings, and has been listed as a best value in higher education by several publications. Pitt students have access to arts programs throughout the campus and city. Pitts varsity athletic teams, collectively known as the Pittsburgh Panthers, compete in Division I of the NCAA, primarily as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. Founded by Hugh Henry Brackenridge as Pittsburgh Academy in 1787, the University of Pittsburgh is one of the few universities and colleges established in the 18th century in the United States. It is the oldest continuously chartered institution of learning in the U. S. west of the Allegheny Mountains, the school began as a preparatory school, presumably in a log cabin, possibly as early as 1770 in Western Pennsylvania, then a frontier. A brick building was erected in 1790 on the side of Third Street. The small two-story brick building, with a gable facing the alley, within a short period, more advanced education in the area was needed, so in 1819 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania amended the schools 1787 charter to confer university status. The school took the name the Western University of Pennsylvania, or WUP, by the 1830s, the university faced severe financial pressure to abandon its traditional liberal education in favor of the state legislatures desire for it to provide more vocational training. The decision to remain committed to liberal education nearly killed the university and it was also during this era that the founder of Mellon Bank, Thomas Mellon, graduated and later taught at WUP. The universitys buildings, along with most of its records and files, were destroyed in the Great Fire of 1845 that wiped out 20 square blocks of Pittsburgh, classes were temporarily held in Trinity Church until a new building was constructed on Duquesne Way. Only four years later, in 1849, this also was destroyed by fire. Due to the nature of these fires, operations were suspended for a few years to allow the university time to regroup. By 1854, WUP had erected a new building on the corner of Ross and Diamond streets, langley was professor of astronomy and physics and remained at WUP until 1891, when he was succeeded by another prominent astronomer, James Keeler. Growing quickly during this period, WUP outgrew its downtown facilities, the university eventually found itself on a 10-acre site on the North Sides Observatory Hill at the location of its Allegheny Observatory
6.
Sports Illustrated
–
Sports Illustrated is an American sports media franchise owned by Time Inc. Its self-titled magazine has over 3 million subscribers and is read by 23 million people each week and it was the first magazine with circulation over one million to win the National Magazine Award for General Excellence twice. Its swimsuit issue, which has published since 1964, is now an annual publishing event that generates its own television shows, videos. There were two magazines named Sports Illustrated before the current magazine began on August 16,1954, in 1936, Stuart Scheftel created Sports Illustrated with a target market for the sportsman. He published the magazine from 1936 to 1938 on a monthly basis, the magazine was a life magazine size and focused on golf, tennis, and skiing with articles on the major sports. He then sold the name to Dell Publications, which released Sports Illustrated in 1949, dells version focused on major sports and competed on magazine racks against Sport and other monthly sports magazines. During the 1940s these magazines were monthly and they did not cover the current events because of the production schedules, there was no large-base, general, weekly sports magazine with a national following on actual active events. It was then that Time patriarch Henry Luce began considering whether his company should attempt to fill that gap, at the time, many believed sports was beneath the attention of serious journalism and did not think sports news could fill a weekly magazine, especially during the winter. A number of advisers to Luce, including Life magazines Ernest Havemann, tried to kill the idea, but Luce, the goal of the new magazine was to be basically a magazine, but with sports. Launched on August 16,1954, it was not profitable and not particularly well run at first, but Luces timing was good. The popularity of sports in the United States was about to explode. The early issues of the magazine seemed caught between two opposing views of its audience, after more than a decade of steady losses, the magazines fortunes finally turned around in the 1960s when Andre Laguerre became its managing editor. A European correspondent for Time, Inc, in May 1956, Luce brought Laguerre to New York to become assistant managing editor of the magazine. He was also one of the first to sense the rise of national interest in professional football, Laguerre also instituted the innovative concept of one long story at the end of every issue, which he called the bonus piece. His genius as an editor was that he made you want to please him, Laguerre is also credited with the conception and creation of the annual Swimsuit Issue, which quickly became, and remains, the most popular issue each year. Regular illustration features by artists like Robert Riger, high school football Player of the Month awards. In 2015 Sports Illustrated purchased a group of companies and combined them to create Sports Illustrated Play. The magazines photographers also made their mark with innovations like putting cameras in the goal at a hockey game, by 1967, the magazine was printing 200 pages of fast color a year, in 1983, SI became the first American full-color newsweekly
7.
Parke H. Davis
–
Parke Hill Davis was an American football player, coach, and historian who retroactively named national championship teams in American college football from the 1869 through the 1932 seasons. He also named co-national champions at the conclusion of the 1933 season, Davis selections are included in the NCAAs official football record books, as the only championship teams chosen on the basis of research. Davis was a lineman for Princeton and a member of the Tigers tug-of-war team in 1889 before going on to coach at Wisconsin, Amherst and Lafayette and he displayed an admirable range of talents. The biggest win of the 1896 season came in Philadelphia against Pennsylvania on October 24, a standout for Lafayette was a newcomer named Fielding Hurry Up Yost. Yost began playing football at West Virginia University in 1894 at the age of 23, a 6-foot, 200-pounder, Yost was a star tackle at WVU into the 1896 season. He transferred in mid-season to join what would be Coach Davis national championship team, true to his nickname, just a week after playing against Davis in West Virginia, Hurry Up was playing for Davis in Lafayettes historic 6–4 win over the Quakers. The fortuitous timing of Yosts appearance on the Lafayette roster did not go unnoticed by Penn officials and they called it the Yost affair. The Philadelphia Ledger quoted Yost as saying that he came to Lafayette only to play football, the fact that Yost appeared in a Lafayette uniform only once. In the Penn game… and that he returned to West Virginia within two weeks of the contest, Yost assured all concerned that he would return to Lafayette for at least three years of study. But 1897 found Hurry Up no longer a student or a player, in 1901, he was hired as head coach at the University of Michigan, beginning a storied 25-year, Hall of Fame career. After concluding his own career as a football coach, Davis became a prominent attorney in Easton, Pennsylvania. He lived there the rest of his life, in the October 1900 meeting of the Lafayette Democratic Club, Davis was the orator of the evening, after the group unanimously endorsed the national ticket of William Jennings Bryan. The ex-coach and loyal supporter of athletics of Lafayette served as an umpire in football games and as starter at the colleges track meets. Davis wrote an history of American football in 1911, tracing the sports origins to ancient times. abundant evidence may be marshalled to prove that this is the oldest outdoor game in existence. In the 22nd chapter of Isaiah is found the verse, He will turn and he helped select the 1913 College Football All-America Team while serving as Princetons representative on the American Intercollegiate Football Rules Committee. He served on the Rules Committee from 1909 to 1915, playing a key role in shaping the evolution of the game. Among the innovations with which he is credited are the division of the game into quarters, numbering of players, abolition of inter-locked interference, if the fumble is recovered behind an opponents goal line the ball shall be put in play at the point where it was fumbled. Davis was a friend and admirer of Walter Camp, Father of American Football, in a 1926 authorized biography of Camp, author Harford Powel, Jr
8.
National Collegiate Athletic Association
–
The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a non-profit association which regulates athletes of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals. It also organizes the programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2014, the NCAA generated almost a billion dollars in revenue. 80 to 90% of this revenue was due to the Division I Mens Basketball Tournament and this revenue is then distributed back into various organizations and institutions across the United States. In August 1973, the current three-division setup of Division I, Division II, under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships, generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I football was divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978. Subsequently, the term Division I-AAA was briefly added to delineate Division I schools which do not field a football program at all, in 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were respectively renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision. Inter-collegiate sports began in the US in 1852 when crews from Harvard University, as other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, the IAAUS was officially established on March 31,1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910. For several years, the NCAA was a group and rules-making body, but in 1921, the first NCAA national championship was conducted. Gradually, more rules committees were formed and more championships were created, a series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II. The Sanity Code – adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid – failed to curb abuses, postseason football games were multiplying with little control, and member schools were increasingly concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance. The complexity of problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership. Walter Byers, previously an executive assistant, was named executive director in 1951. Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association, as college athletics grew, the scope of the nations athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the Associations membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions – I, II, and III, five years later in 1978, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in football. Until the 1980s, the association did not offer womens athletics, instead, the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, with nearly 1000 member schools, governed womens collegiate sports in the United States
9.
University of Minnesota
–
The University of Minnesota, Twin Cities is a public research university in Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota. The Minneapolis and St. Paul campuses are approximately 3 miles apart, and it is the oldest and largest campus within the University of Minnesota system and has the sixth-largest main campus student body in the United States, with 51,147 students in 2013–14. The university is the institution of the University of Minnesota system, and is organized into 19 colleges and schools, with sister campuses in Crookston, Duluth, Morris. Minnesota is one of Americas Public Ivy universities, which refers to top universities in the United States capable of providing a collegiate experience comparable with the Ivy League. Founded in 1851, The University of Minnesota is categorized as an R1 Doctoral University with the highest research activity in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, Minnesota faculty, alumni, and researchers have won 25 Nobel Prizes and three Pulitzer Prizes. Notable University of Minnesota alumni include two Vice Presidents of the United States, Hubert Humphrey and Walter Mondale, and Bob Dylan, who received the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature. The University of Minnesota Twin Cities is also a member of the Association of American Universities which is an association of the 62 leading research universities in the United States and Canada. In its 2017 edition, U. S. News & World Report ranked Minnesota 38th in their Best Global University Rankings, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2015 ranks Minnesota 46th in the world. In 2015, Academic Ranking of World Universities ranked the university 11th in the world for mathematics, the University of Minnesota is ranked 14 over-all among the nations top research universities by the Center for Measuring University Performance. The U. S. News & World Reports 2016 rankings placed the program of the University as the 69th-best National University in the United States. Additionally, nineteen of the Universitys graduate-school departments have been ranked in the nations top-twenty by the U. S. National Research Council, in both 2008 and 2012 U. S. News & World Report ranked the College of Pharmacy 2nd in the nation. 2016 U. S. News & Report now rank the College of Pharmacy 2nd in the nation. In 2011, U. S. News & World Report ranked the School of Public Health 8th in the nation, the University of Minnesota ranked 19th in NIH funding in 2008. Minnesota is listed as a Public Ivy in 2001 Greenes Guides The Public Ivies, the university developed Gopher, a precursor to the World Wide Web which used hyperlinks to connect documents across computers on the internet. However, the produced by CERN was favored by the public since it was freely distributed. The University also houses the Charles Babbage Institute, a research, the department has strong roots in early days of supercomputing with Seymour Cray of Cray supercomputers. Notable faculty of the department are Yousef Saad, Vipin Kumar, Jaideep Srivastava, John Riedl, some notable alumni of the department are Ed Chi, Imrich Chlamtac, Leah Culver, Jeff Dean, Mark P. McCahill, Arvind Mithal, and Calvin Mooers. Puffed rice - Alexander P. Anderson led to the discovery of puffed rice, transistorized cardiac pacemaker - Earl Bakken founded Medtronic, where he developed the first external, battery-operated, transistorized, wearable artificial pacemaker in 1957
10.
Washington & Jefferson Presidents
–
The Washington & Jefferson Presidents are the intercollegiate athletic teams for Washington & Jefferson College. The name Presidents refers to the two namesakes of the college, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson. During the 2005-2006 season,34 percent of the student body played varsity-level athletics, W&J competes in 24 intercollegiate athletics at the NCAA Division III level. Collectively, the Presidents have won more than 108 Presidents Athletic Conference championships, the development of sanctioned, varsity-level athletics at Washington & Jefferson College began to develop in 1883, when the student body began agitating for more formal athletic programs. Many other schools had developed athletic programs by that time and advocates felt that a more formal athletic program would increase school spirit, in 1890, students formed the Athletic Association, charging the 75 members a $1 membership fee that went to fund athletics. By a vote, the students selected cardinal and black to be the colors, as the preferred scheme of navy. An oil strike was discovered on the Old Fairgrounds, which helped finance the renovation of that facility into the College Field, at that meeting, Linton expressed a desire for the student athlete to be relieved of the incubus of the professional coach. In 1910, the program was in danger of being dissolved due to crushing debt. The Student Athletic Committee proposed a $1 per term student fee to fund the team, however, team manager and beloved student solicitor Robert M. Murphy, was able to convince the students to accept the fee. However, the Faculty Athletic Committee balked, vetoing the new rules, wells highlighted the growing tension between athletics and academics. As orchestrated by a group of football supporters, the two professors were brought before a faculty committee for not having the requisite support for the athletic programs. During the Presidency of Simon Strousse Baker, the Student and Faculty Athletic Committees were heavily in debt, the gate receipts for football games, the Committees main source of income, had fallen as the team began to lag behind the larger schools it traditionally played. This extreme case of subsidizing funded all college expenses for football players, to alleviate this problem, President Baker proposed to wholly separate athletic funds from general College funds by creating an Athletic Council to take control of the athletic program. The proposal was defeated, and Baker was eventually hounded from office, later, the athletic program was reorganized under an Athletic Director and the practice of awarding athletic scholarships was abolished. In 1937, Hutchison created a new governing structure for athletics, the Athletic Council. The new Athletic Council, composed of four faculty members and six students, had responsibility for dispensing student appropriations, the Board of Trustees own Athletic Committee would govern the hiring and payment of coaches. However, the Colleges indebtedness at that time was $133,000, at that time, athletics took up half of the student activity fee. In an attempt to stabilize the fiscal picture, the budget was cut significantly, with freshman football
11.
Pittsburgh
–
Pittsburgh is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County. The city proper has a population of 304,391. The metropolitan population of 2,353,045 is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia, the second-largest in Pennsylvania, and the 26th-largest in the U. S. The city features 30 skyscrapers, two inclines, a fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers. Aside from steel, Pittsburgh has led in manufacturing of aluminum, glass, shipbuilding, petroleum, foods, sports, transportation, computing, autos, and electronics. For part of the 20th century, Pittsburgh was behind only New York and Chicago in corporate headquarters employment, Americas 1980s deindustrialization laid off area blue-collar workers and thousands of downtown white-collar workers when the longtime Pittsburgh-based world headquarters moved out. The area has served also as the federal agency headquarters for cyber defense, software engineering, robotics, energy research. The area is home to 68 colleges and universities, including research and development leaders Carnegie Mellon University, the region is a hub for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, sustainable energy, and energy extraction. Pittsburgh was named in 1758 by General John Forbes, in honor of British statesman William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham. The current pronunciation, which is unusual in English speaking countries, is almost certainly a result of a printing error in some copies of the City Charter of March 18,1816. The error was repeated commonly enough throughout the rest of the 19th century that the pronunciation was lost. After a public campaign the original spelling was restored by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1911. The area of the Ohio headwaters was long inhabited by the Shawnee, the first known European to enter the region was the French explorer/trader Robert de La Salle from Quebec during his 1669 expedition down the Ohio River. European pioneers, primarily Dutch, followed in the early 18th century, Michael Bezallion was the first to describe the forks of the Ohio in a 1717 manuscript, and later that year European fur traders established area posts and settlements. In 1749, French soldiers from Quebec launched an expedition to the forks to unite Canada with French Louisiana via the rivers, during 1753–54, the British hastily built Fort Prince George before a larger French force drove them off. The French built Fort Duquesne based on LaSalles 1669 claims, the French and Indian War, the North American front of the Seven Years War, began with the future Pittsburgh as its center. British General Edward Braddock was dispatched with Major George Washington as his aide to take Fort Duquesne, the British and colonial force were defeated at Braddocks Field. General John Forbes finally took the forks in 1758, Forbes began construction on Fort Pitt, named after William Pitt the Elder while the settlement was named Pittsborough
12.
West Virginia Mountaineers football
–
The West Virginia Mountaineers football team represents West Virginia University in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision of college football. Dana Holgorsen is WVUs current head coach, the 33rd in the programs history, West Virginia plays its home games on Mountaineer Field at Milan Puskar Stadium on the campus of West Virginia University in Morgantown, West Virginia. The Mountaineers compete in the Big 12 Conference, West Virginia was originally classified as a College Division school in the 1937 season, and joined the University Division, forerunner of Division I, in 1939. It has been a member of Division I FBS since 1978, the Mountaineers have registered 82 winning seasons in their history, including one unbeaten season and nine seasons with at least ten wins. The Mountaineers have won or shared a total of 15 conference championships, including eight Southern Conference titles, the West Virginia University football program traces its origin back to November 28,1891 when its first team fell to Washington & Jefferson 72–0 on a converted cow pasture. Despite its humble beginning, West Virginia enjoyed a 25–23–3 overall record prior to 1900, the early 1900s brought about early successes for the program, namely during the 1903 and 1905 seasons when WVU posted records of 7–1 and 8–1 respectively. WVU produced a 6–3 record in the 1904 season, despite losing to Penn State, Pitt, the 1908–20 period produced the four-year head coaching tenures of C. A. Lueder and Mont McIntire, representing the longest coaching tenures during this period of Mountaineer football. Lueders Mountaineers produced a 17–13–3 record, while McIntires teams produced the most success of any Mountaineer team prior to 1921 and that same Mountaineer team also produced West Virginias first ever Consensus All-American and potential College Football Hall of Fame inductee, Ira Errett Rodgers. Rodgers scored 19 touchdowns and kicked 33 extra points for WVU in 1919 season, Rodgers also threw 11 touchdown passes that season, an unheard of feat at the time and a Mountaineer record until 1949. The Mountaineers enjoyed their first period of success during the 1920s, coinciding with the successful coaching tenures of Clarence Spears, under the tutelage of Spears, West Virginia compiled a 30–6–3 record with its best performance coming in the 1922 season. The 1922 edition of the Mountaineers remains the team in West Virginia history to produce an unbeaten season. Spearss Mountaineers surrendered only 34 total points in 1922, posting six consecutive shutouts to finish the regular season, the 1922 season also produced notable victories against rival Pitt and against Gonzaga in the East-West Bowl, the programs first bowl game appearance. Offensive tackle Russell Meredith garnered First-Team All-American honors, in homage to the successes of the 1922 season, West Virginia University undertook construction of what became the first incarnation of Mountaineer Field. The Mountaineers continued their success under Spears in posting subsequent one-loss seasons in 1923 and in 1924, Ira Errett Rodgers replaced Spears and the Mountaineers posted an 8–1 record in 1925. After a 6–4 finish in 1926 and a 2–4–3 record in 1927, rodgerss first tenure as West Virginia coach ended with records of 4–3–3 in 1929 and 5–5 in 1930. Although West Virginia posted a 3–4–2 record in 1935, the program produced an All-American in Joe Stydahar, jumbo Joe later became both a College Football Hall of Fame and Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee. Despite his winning record, Tallman resigned after the 1936 season to pursue his career in law enforcement as Superintendent of the West Virginia State Police, Marshall Glenn picked up right where Tallman left off, leading West Virginia to an 8–1–1 record in 1937
13.
Mountaineer Field (1924)
–
Mountaineer Field, known as the Jewel of the Mountains, was a football stadium located in downtown Morgantown, West Virginia. It was the home of the West Virginia Mountaineers football team and it was built into the natural valley of the area, and was a square-cornered horseshoe initially opening to the west before becoming an enclosed structure. The stadium opened on September 27,1924 with a 21-6 win against West Virginia Wesleyan College and it held 38,000 by the time it closed, after a 24-17 loss in the 1979 Backyard Brawl to archrival Pitt. Due to the location, it could not be expanded. Thus, in 1980, a new Mountaineer Field was opened on the site of the Morgantown Country Club to the north of the Downtown campus, the historic stadium was razed in 1987. The Life Sciences building inhabits the area of the stands. Where the playing field was located is still open as a field between the two buildings, at the southwestern corner, there is a horseshoe-shaped monument to the stadium that was erected in 2005
14.
Morgantown, West Virginia
–
Morgantown is a city in and the county seat of Monongalia County, West Virginia, situated along the banks of the Monongahela River. With a permanent population of 31,073 per the 2015 U. S. Census estimates, the Morgantown metropolitan area has a population of 138,176, and is the 3rd largest in West Virginia. West Virginia University adds several thousand residents to the city. Morgantown is best known as the home of West Virginia University, Morgantown is closely tied to the Anglo-French struggle for this territory. Until the Treaty of Paris in 1763, what is now known as Morgantown was greatly contested by settlers and Native Americans, and by the British, the treaty decided the issue in favor of the British, but Indian fighting continued almost to the beginning of the American Revolution. As well, several forts were built in the area during this time, Fort Pierpont near the Cheat River, in 1769, Fort Coburn, near Dorseys Knob, zackquill Morgan settled the area about 1772 by establishing a homestead near present-day Fayette Street and University Avenue. Morgan fought in both the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War, rising to the rank of colonel, by 1783, following his wartime duties, Colonel Morgan commissioned Major William Haymond to survey his land and divide it into streets and lots. Colonel Morgan then received a certificate for 400 acres in the area of his settlement near the mouth of Deckers Creek. 50 acres were appropriated for Morgans Town by the Virginia General Assembly in October 1785, on February 3,1838, the Virginia General Assembly enacted a municipal charter incorporating the city, now with a population of about 700, as Morgantown, Virginia. The town became part of the newly created state of West Virginia on June 20,1863, the Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit has been in use since 1975. University students use the system for free to travel between the spread-out campuses. Morgantown is located 75 miles south of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,208 mi north-northwest of Washington, D. C.204 mi east of Columbus, Ohio, Morgantown is just south of the Mason–Dixon line. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 10.62 square miles. Morgantown lies in the transition between a subtropical and humid continental climate, with four distinct seasons. Winters are cool to cold with a January daily mean temperature of 31.3 °F, Summers are hot and humid with a July daily mean temperature of 73.2 °F and 12 days of 90 °F + highs annually. Precipitation is generous, with winter being the driest period and May through July the wettest, Morgantown is made up of several neighborhoods, some of which had been independent towns that were annexed by the city as it continued to grow. Neighborhoods include First Ward, Woodburn, South Park, Jerome Park, South Hills, Second Ward, Greenmont, Suncrest, Evansdale, Wiles Hill, Sunnyside, Sabraton, the Mileground, and North Hills. While some of these, such as the Mileground, Easton, the City of Morgantown contained an estimated 31,073 residents in 2014
15.
Backyard Brawl
–
The Backyard Brawl is an American college football rivalry between the University of Pittsburgh Panthers and West Virginia University Mountaineers. The term Backyard Brawl has also used to refer to college basketball games played annually or semi-annually. It is a trademark for both universities, and refers to the close proximity of the two universities, separated by 75 miles along Interstate 79. The football rivalry is the 14th oldest in the United States and is shown on national television. In the past, the Backyard Brawl has been seen on ABC, CBS, ESPN, through the 104 games played between these two schools, Pitt leads the series 61–40–3. On Saturday, December 1,2007 the 100th edition of the Backyard Brawl took place at Mountaineer Field in Morgantown, the 4–7 Panthers upset the 2nd–ranked Mountaineers 13–9, knocking West Virginia out of the BCS National Championship Game. The game was one of the most important Backyard Brawls, one of the biggest upsets for the Pittsburgh Panthers, one of the biggest upsets of the season, and was voted as the Game of the Year by ESPNU. The Mountaineers got revenge when the returned to Morgantown in 2009. The 2009 Backyard Brawl was the most watched game in the history of ESPN2, the football series was first played in 1895, and the game has historically been one of the more intense rivalries in the eastern United States. The rivalry between the two schools is due mainly to proximity, WVUs campus in Morgantown, West Virginia is only about 70 miles south of Pittsburgh, and the two schools often compete for the same recruits. The 1921 edition of the Backyard Brawl was the first college football game broadcast on the radio when Harold W. Arlin announced the 21–13 Pittsburgh victory on KDKA, from 1962–2011, the series alternated between Pittsburgh and Morgantown on a yearly basis. Before that, the games were held in Pittsburgh on an almost regular basis, at one point, Pittsburgh hosted the game 11 years in a row and also hosted eight straight contests between 1938–48. The most consecutive games played in Morgantown, three, were held from 1932–34, West Virginia started out the series leading, 5–1. Pittsburgh won four games in a row from 1904–08 to tie the series at 5–5, in 1909, the teams played to a 0–0 tie, making the series 5–5–1. The following year, Pittsburgh won 38–0, taking a 6–5–1 lead in the series, since the series began interchanging annually between Morgantown and Pittsburgh in 1963, the Mountaineers have held a 25–22–2 advantage over the Panthers. On November 25,2004, the Backyard Brawl series saw its 97th game, Pittsburgh celebrated the event with a 16–13 win at Heinz Field. On December 1,2007, the 100th Backyard Brawl took place, Pittsburgh upset WVU by a score of 13–9. Coming into the game, WVU was ranked first in the Coaches Poll, with the loss, WVUs BCS National Championship Game chances were lowered
16.
USC Trojans
–
The USC Trojans are the athletic teams that represent the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, California. While the mens teams are nicknamed the Trojans, the athletic teams are referred to as either the Trojans or Women of Troy. The program participates in the Pac-12 Conference and has won 125 team national championships,103 of which are NCAA National Championships, USCs cross-town rival is UCLA, with whom there is fierce athletic and scholastic competition. However, USCs rivalry with Notre Dame predates the UCLA rivalry by three years, the Notre Dame rivalry stems mainly from the annual football game played between these two universities and is considered the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football. USC sponsors teams in ten mens and thirteen womens NCAA sanctioned sports, * = Beach volleyball is a fully sanctioned NCAA sport which had its first national championship in the spring of 2016. The Trojans have won 125 team national championships,103 of which are NCAA National Championships and this is the third highest count of all universities behind UCLA with 113 and Stanford with 112. The Trojan men have won 97 national championships, more than any other University, the Women of Troy have earned 28 national championships, third in the nation. The Trojans won at least 1 national team title in 26 consecutive years, USC won the National College All-Sports Championship an annual ranking by USA Today of the country’s top athletic programs —6 times since its inception in 1971. Four Trojans have won the prestigious James E. Sullivan Award as the top athlete in America, diver Sammy Lee, shot putter Parry O’Brien. Two Trojans have won the Honda-Broderick Cup as the top collegiate woman athlete of the year, Cheryl Miller, and Trojan women have won 8 Honda Awards, as the top female athlete in their sport. USC has a reputation and long tradition of nurturing Olympic athletes, from the 1904 Summer Olympics through the 2014 winter games,422 Trojan athletes have competed in the Games, taking home 135 gold medals,88 silver and 65 bronze. For instance, USCs three womens water polo 2012 gold medalists count as 3 medals by this method, whereas silver medalist Spain only counts one medal, USC has won 103 NCAA team national championships. USC won USLTA team titles in 1977 and 1978, a December 1998 SPORT magazine ranking listed USC as the No.4 all-time college football program of the 20th century. In 2009 ESPN ranked USC the second best program in football history. The USC Football team has been voted National Champions 11 times, USC is also known for its Heisman Trophy winners. USC is second in Heisman winners at 7, three of the four Heisman winners from 2002 to 2005 were Trojans - Carson Palmer in 2002, Matt Leinart in 2004 and Reggie Bush in 2005. Four other Trojan tailbacks have won the coveted Heisman Trophy as college football’s outstanding player, Mike Garrett in 1965, O. J. Simpson in 1968, Charles White in 1979 and Marcus Allen in 1981. Also notable, USC has 12 players in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, USCs record against opponents from the old Pac-10 is 367–153–29, and the Trojans have winning records against all nine other members
17.
Minnesota Golden Gophers football
–
The Minnesota Golden Gophers football program represents the University of Minnesota in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. Founded in 1882, the program is one of the oldest in college football, Minnesota has been a member of the Big Ten Conference since its inception in 1896 as the Western Conference. The Golden Gophers claim seven national championships,1904,1934,1935,1936,1940,1941, since 2009, the Gophers have played all their home games at TCF Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In January 2017, the Gophers fired head coach Tracy Claeys, the Minnesota Golden Gophers college football team played its first game on September 29,1882, a 4–0 victory over Hamline University. Eight years later in 1890, the Gophers played host to Wisconsin in a 63–0 victory, with the exception of 1906, the Gophers and Badgers have played each other every year since then. The 124 games played against each other is the most played rivalry in Division I-A college football, students began gathering to play the game recreationally and its popularity grew. Once the sport had taken off, it was only a matter of time before a team was formed to play against other schools, early teams were very loosely organized, not requiring all of the players to be students and not having designated coaches. The players on the team started to recruit faculty members who had played football at schools in the East to help organize the team, some years, they played without a coach. Other years, they played with multiple coaches, in total, from 1882 through 1899, the team played 16 seasons of football and had 15 different coaches. As the years went by, the structure started to become more formal. In 1900, the hiring of Dr. Henry L. Williams, the Gophers enjoyed quite a bit of success in the early 20th century, posting winning records from 1900 to 1919. Head coach Henry L. Williams developed the Minnesota shift, a predecessor to later quick line shifts, also Henry L. Williams led Minnesota to one of the NCAAs longest unbeaten streaks of 35 games, from 1903 to 1905 with 34 wins and 1 tie. In 1932, Bernie Bierman became the Gopher head coach and led the Gophers to their first dynasty, from 1934 to 1936 the Gophers went on a run of winning three straight National Championships, the last Division I team to accomplish this feat. During the run, Minnesota went unbeaten in 28 straight games,21 of which were consecutive victories, the school record for consecutive victories is 24, which spanned 3 seasons from 1903 to 1905. The Gophers also won two national championships in 1940 and 1941. Those two seasons comprised most of an 18-game winning streak that stretched from 1939 to 1942, after some mediocre seasons throughout the remainder of the 1940s and 1950s, the Gophers rose back to prominence in 1960 with their seventh national championship. That national championship followed a 1-8 record in 1958 and 2-7 record in 1959, Minnesota played in bowl games the two following years as well, in 1961 and 1962. The Gophers earned their first berth in the Rose Bowl by winning the 1960 Big Ten title, the following year, Minnesota returned to Pasadena despite a second-place finish in the conference
18.
New Wilmington, Pennsylvania
–
New Wilmington is a borough in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, United States, first platted in 1824 and established as a borough on April 9,1863. The population was 2,466 at the 2010 census and it is home to Westminster College and serves the Old Order Amish community in the surrounding Wilmington Township. New Wilmington is located at 41°7′15″N 80°19′58″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has an area of 1.1 square miles, of which 1.1 square miles is land and 0.04 square miles. New Wilmington’s ZIP code is 16142, as of the census of 2000, there were 2,452 people,577 households, and 324 families residing in the borough. The population density was 2,313.2 people per square mile, there were 611 housing units at an average density of 576.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the borough was 98. 21% White,0. 57% African American,0. 20% Native American,0. 45% Asian,0. 24% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 45% of the population. 26. 0% were of German,12. 6% Italian,11. 8% Irish,9. 1% English and 7. 3% Scotch-Irish ancestry according to Census 2000,97. 9% spoke English and 1. 2% Spanish as their first language. 35. 2% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.90. In the borough the population was out, with 10. 4% under the age of 18,48. 5% from 18 to 24,12. 1% from 25 to 44,12. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 22 years, for every 100 females there were 61.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 58.1 males, the median income for a household in the borough was $36,734, and the median income for a family was $56,736. Males had an income of $36,250 versus $26,125 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $12,749, about 4. 2% of families and 15. 6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7. 8% of those under age 18 and 7. 0% of those age 65 or over. The town of New Wilmington was established in 1797-1798, in 1824 the first house was built and other buildings were soon erected. On April 4,1863, New Wilmington was established as a half-Borough, the population in 1874 was 500. As of the 2000 census, the population has grown to 2,452, a book on the complete history of New Wilmington was penned in 1999, which may be viewed at the Westminster College Library. The book includes 12 chapters of history, starting in 1797 and has over 100 photographs, books are available for purchase at the Westminster College Bookstore, McKelvey Campus Center or the Borough Office,134 High Street
19.
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football
–
The Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team is the intercollegiate football team representing the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana. The team is coached by Brian Kelly. The team plays its games at the campuss Notre Dame Stadium. One of the most iconic and successful programs in sports, have 13 national championships recognized by the NCAA. With 486 players selected, Notre Dame is second to USC in the number of players chosen by NFL teams in the draft, all Notre Dame home games have been televised on NBC since 1991, and Notre Dame is the only school to have such a contract. It was the only independent program to be part of the Bowl Championship Series coalition and its guaranteed payout and these factors help make Notre Dame one of the most financially valuable football programs in the country, allowing them to remain independent of a conference. Football did not have a beginning at the University of Notre Dame. In their inaugural game on November 23,1887, the Irish lost to Michigan by a score of 8–0 and their first win came in the final game of the 1888 season when the Irish defeated Harvard Prep by a score of 20–0. At the end of the 1888 season they had a record of 1–3 with all three losses being at the hands of Michigan by a score of 43–9. Between 1887 and 1899 Notre Dame compiled a record of 31 wins,15 losses, in 1908, the win over Franklin saw end Fay Wood catch the first touchdown pass in Notre Dame history. By the end of the 1912 season they had amassed a record of 108 wins,31 losses, jesse Harper became head coach in 1913 and remained so until he retired in 1917. During his tenure the Irish began playing only intercollegiate games and posted a record of 34 wins, five losses and this period would also mark the beginning of the rivalry with Army and the continuation of rivalries with Michigan State. In 1913, Notre Dame burst into the consciousness and helped to transform the collegiate game in a single contest. In an effort to respect for a regionally successful but small-time Midwestern football program, Harper scheduled games in his first season with national powerhouses Texas, Penn State. On November 1,1913, the Notre Dame squad stunned the Black Knights of the Hudson 35–13 in a game played at West Point and this game has been miscredited as the invention of the forward pass. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918, under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins,12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp. Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage in NCAA Division I/FBS football history, Rocknes offenses employed the Notre Dame Box and his defenses ran a 7–2–2 scheme
20.
Nebraska Cornhuskers football
–
The Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represents the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Among the 128 Division I-A teams, Nebraska is one of ten programs to win 800 or more games. Nebraska has more victories against Power Five opponents than any program, as well as the third most victories all-time, behind only Michigan. Nebraska also has the most wins and the highest winning percentage of any program over the last 50 years, ESPN ranks two undefeated Nebraska squads, the 1971 team and the 1995 team, among the top three teams in college football history. Nebraska claims 46 conference championships and five championships,1970,1971,1994,1995. The titles in the 1990s marked the first time that a team won three championships in four seasons since the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in 1946–1949. Also, the 2011–2012 Alabama Crimson Tide, the 1994–1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers, Nebraska also has had five undefeated seasons in which they were not the national champions,1902,1903,1913,1914, and 1915. Between 1912 and 1916, a 34-game unbeaten streak was recorded by head coach Ewald O. Stiehm, famous Cornhuskers include Heisman Trophy winners Johnny Rodgers, Mike Rozier, and Eric Crouch. Rodgers was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame and for the new millennium he was voted the teams Player of the Century, Rozier was likewise inducted into the hall in 2006. Bible, Bob Devaney, Biff Jones, Tom Osborne, Eddie Robbie Robinson, on June 11,2010, Nebraska ended the universitys affiliation with the Big 12 Conference and joined the Big Ten Conference beginning in the 2011 season. The Huskers team began its history as the Old Gold Knights, the name Cornhuskers first appeared in the school newspaper as We Have Met The Cornhuskers And They Are Ours referring to a 20–18 upset victory over Iowa in 1893. The term Cornhuskers was referring to Iowa in that instance, in 1899, Cy Sherman was the first person to refer to the Nebraska football team as the Cornhuskers and the team has used that name since 1900. Nebraska football began play in 1890 with a 10–0 victory over the Omaha YMCA on Thanksgiving Day, the football program started strong and experienced success from the very beginning, going twenty-eight years straight with only a single losing season. Until the 1–7–1 losing season in 1899 in coach A. Edwin Branchs only year at the helm, george Flippin was the first African-American athlete at Nebraska and only the fifth black athlete at a predominantly white university. Because of Flippins presence on the roster, Missouri refused to play a game with Nebraska at Omaha in 1892. The result was a 1–0 forfeit, Nebraskas 4th coach, Frank Crawford was the first paid head football coach at Nebraska. Eddie Robbie Robinson and Fielding H. Yost, the sixth and seventh head coaches, were the earliest Nebraska coaches to eventually be inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Booth was the programs 9th leader, and had the second-best career record spanning more than a year during this era and his 1902 team went undefeated, untied and unscored upon
21.
Memorial Stadium (Lincoln)
–
Memorial Stadium is located on the campus of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. It is the home of the Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, at the conclusion of the 2016 season, the stadium holds an ongoing NCAA record of 354 consecutive sellouts, which began in 1962. When full, Memorial Stadium holds more people than any Nebraska city except Omaha, because most fans wear red apparel, the stadium is referred to as the Sea of Red on game days. In the fall of 1922, a drive for $430,000 in funds to build a new stadium was undertaken by faculty, students, alumni. Later, the stadium would also honor the 3,839 Nebraskans who died in World War II, the 225 in Korea, construction was completed in just over 90 working days, Memorial Stadium was dedicated on October 20,1923. Southwest, Not the victory but the action, Not the goal but the game, northwest, Courage, Generosity, Fairness, Honor, In these are the true awards of manly sport. Northeast, Their Lives they held their countrys trust, They kept its faith, a statue of Nebraska former coach Tom Osborne and former Nebraska quarterback Brook Berringer can be found outside the north side of the stadium. Prior to the move to Memorial, finals for each class were contested at local sites. Memorial Stadium has undergone several phases of expansion and renovation since its original construction, in its original configuration, the stadium consisted of stands on the east and west sidelines. It was modeled after Ohio States Ohio Stadium and had a capacity of around 31,000. A series of four additions between 1964 and 1972 enclosed the stadium by adding seats above the north and south end zones, more than doubling Memorial Stadiums seating capacity to nearly 74,000. A major renovation in 1999 added 42 luxury boxes above the west stands, the stadium was rededicated, reflecting Nebraskas rise to national prominence during his 34 years as an assistant coach and head coach, the stadium almost doubled in size during his tenure. In 2004, construction began to renovate and expand the north end zone stands, Memorial Stadium now features an additional 13 luxury boxes above the north stands called the Skyline Suites and an additional 6,000 seats, increasing seating capacity to 81,067. Nebraska has the twentieth-largest video screen in college football, at 33 feet tall, concurrently, ribbon boards stretching the length of the field were installed along the east and west balconies of the stadium. This expansion was built on the stadiums east side, and includes 3,300 general admission seats,2,119 new club seats and 38 additional skybox suites. The expansion totals more than 6,000 new seats and brings the number of private suites inside the stadium to 101. The original east facade of the stadium, plus Gate 20, was preserved within a new entrance lobby, the creation of the first standing room only area in Memorial Stadium was also built, an area available for companies and private parties to host events on a game-to-game basis. In addition, the university created a 20, 000-square-foot cutting-edge athletics research facility in addition to another 20,000 square feet dedicated to campus research, the expansion project was completed and dedicated on August 22,2013
22.
Navy Midshipmen football
–
The Navy Midshipmen football team represents the United States Naval Academy in NCAA Division I FBS college football. The Naval Academy completed its season as an FBS independent school in 2014. The team has coached by Ken Niumatalolo since December 2007. Navy has 19 players and three coaches in the College Football Hall of Fame and won the football national championship in 1926 according to the Boand. The 1910 team also was undefeated and unscored upon, the mascot is Bill the Goat. The Naval Academys football program is one of the nations oldest, there were two separate efforts to establish a Naval Academy football team in 1879. The first was guided by first-classman J. H. Robinson, the team played the sport under rules that made it much closer to soccer, where the players were permitted only to kick the ball in order to advance it. The second effort, headed by first-classman William John Maxwell was more successful in its efforts, Maxwell met with two of his friends, Tunstall Smith and Henry Woods, who played for the Baltimore Athletic Club and officially challenged their team to a game with the Naval Academy. A team was formed from academy first-classmen, which Maxwell led as a manager, trainer, the team would wake up and practice before reveille and following drill and meals. The squad received encouragement from some of the faculty, who allowed them to eat a late dinner and this was against the direct orders of the school superintendent, who had banned football and similar activities. The years sole contest was played on December 11 against the Baltimore Athletic Club, the oppositions team was reportedly composed of players from Princeton, Yale, Pennsylvania, and Johns Hopkins. The Naval Academy hosted the Baltimore team on a temporary field drawn on part of the cow pasture. Rules decided upon between the teams established that the game was to be played under rugby rules. The Baltimore American and Chronicle, which covered the contest, described it as such, The game, played rugby rules, was a battle from beginning to end—a regular knock down. Both sides became immediately excited and the audience was aroused to the highest pitch of enthusiasm by the spirited contest, the ball oscillated backward and forward over the ground without any material result. The scrimmages were something awful to witness—living, kicking, scrambling masses of humanity surging to and fro, each individual after the leather oval. If a Baltimorean got the ball and started for a run, he was caught by one of the brawny Cadets. The game was fought and was finally declared a scoreless tie by the referee about an hour after it began
23.
Thompson Stadium
–
Robert Means Thompson Stadium was an American football stadium in the eastern United States, located on the campus of the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. Constructed in 1914, it was the stadium of the Navy Midshipmen from 1924 through 1958. He created or led several athletically-based organizations at the academy until his death and it was succeeded by the larger Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium in 1959, the current venue of Navy football. Before its conversion to a stadium, the Thompson Stadium site was an unused area on the south end campus. Work on the began in 1914, and was finished later the same year. The seating capacity was 12,000, and it underwent few changes during its entire use and it was surrounded by a regulation quarter-mile running track, and only had a single seating section, along the southwest sideline. The field had a northwest-southeast alignment, at a slightly above sea level. During the 1940s, the Naval Academy began to look for options to construct a new, the schools directors collected money to build the stadium, for which much support was given by the public, due to the lack of seating at Thompson Stadium. Construction on the new stadium began in 1958 and it opened in September 1959, use of Thompson Stadium ended for varsity games, but it remained until the early 1980s, when it was replaced by Lejeune Hall, the venue for USNA water sports. From its origins until 1931, Thompson Stadium went without a name and that year on May 30, the stadium was formally dedicated as the Robert Means Thompson Stadium, for the benefactor and alumnus of the Naval Academy. Born in March 1849, Thompson graduated from the Naval Academy as part of the class of 1868 and he was commissioned as an officer in the Navy in 1869, but retired two years later to pursue a career in law. In addition, he served as the head of several Naval Academy organizations, the Naval Academys football team played their first game 138 years ago in 1879, an away game against the Baltimore Athletic Club, which ended in a scoreless tie. The Navy football team, not yet known as the midshipmen, did not have an official stadium
24.
Annapolis, Maryland
–
Annapolis is the capital of the U. S. state of Maryland, as well as the county seat of Anne Arundel County. Its population was measured at 38,394 by the 2010 census, the city served as the seat of the Continental Congress in 1783–84 and was the site of the 1786 Annapolis Convention and the Annapolis Peace Conference, held in 2007. Annapolis is the home of St. Johns College as well as the United States Naval Academy, a settlement in the Province of Maryland named Providence was founded on the north shore of the Severn River in 1649 by Puritan exiles from Virginia led by Governor William Stone. The settlers later moved to a harbor on the south shore. The settlement on the shore was initially named Town at Proctors, then Town at the Severn. In 1654, after the Third English Civil War, Parliamentary forces assumed control of Maryland, per orders from Charles Calvert, fifth Lord Baltimore, Stone returned the following spring at the head of a Cavalier force. On March 25,1655, in what is known as the Battle of the Severn, Stone was defeated, taken prisoner, Fendall governed Maryland during the latter half of the Commonwealth. In 1660, he was replaced by Phillip Calvert as fifth/sixth Governor of Maryland), Annapolis was incorporated as a city in 1708. Water trades such as oyster-packing, boatbuilding and sailmaking became the chief industries. Annapolis is home to a number of recreational boats that have largely replaced the seafood industry in the city. Dr. Alexander Hamilton was a Scottish-born doctor and writer who lived and worked in Annapolis, Annapolis became the temporary capital of the United States after the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783. For the 1783 Congress, the Governor of Maryland commissioned John Shaw, the flag is slightly different from other designs of the time. The blue field extends over the height of the hoist. Shaw created two versions of the flag, one started with a red stripe and another that started with a white one. In 1786, delegates from all states of the Union were invited to meet in Annapolis to consider measures for the regulation of commerce. Delegates from only five states—New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, New Jersey, the Philadelphia convention drafted and approved the Constitution of the United States, which is still in force. During this period, a prisoner of war camp, Camp Parole, was set up in Annapolis. As the war continued, the camp expanded to a location just west of the city
25.
Carnegie Mellon University
–
Carnegie Mellon University is a private research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1900 by Andrew Carnegie as the Carnegie Technical Schools, in 1967, the Carnegie Institute of Technology merged with the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research to form Carnegie Mellon University. The universitys 140-acre main campus is 3 miles from Downtown Pittsburgh, john Heinz III College of Information Systems and Public Policy, and the School of Computer Science. The university also has campuses in Qatar and Silicon Valley, with degree-granting programs in six continents, Carnegie Mellon consistently ranks in the top 25 in the national U. S. News & World Report rankings. It is home to the world’s first degree-granting Robotics and Drama programs, the university spent $242 million on research in 2015. Carnegie Mellon counts 13,650 students from 114 countries, over 100,000 living alumni, Carnegies vision was to open a vocational training school for the sons and daughters of working-class Pittsburghers. Carnegie was inspired for the design of his school by the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, in 1912 the institution changed its name to Carnegie Institute of Technology and began offering four-year degrees. The Mellon Institute of Industrial Research was founded in 1913 by banker and industrialist brothers Andrew, Mellon in honor of their father, Thomas Mellon, the patriarch of the Mellon family. The Institute began as an organization which performed work for government. In 1927, the Mellon Institute incorporated as an independent nonprofit, in 1938, the Mellon Institutes iconic building was completed and it moved to its new, and current, location on Fifth Avenue. In 1967, with support from Paul Mellon, Carnegie Tech merged with the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research to become Carnegie Mellon University, Carnegie Mellons coordinate womens college, the Margaret Morrison Carnegie College closed in 1973 and merged its academic programs with the rest of the university. The industrial research mission of the Mellon Institute survived the merger as the Carnegie Mellon Research Institute and continued doing work on contract to industry, CMRI closed in 2001 and its programs were subsumed by other parts of the university or spun off into independent entities. Carnegie Mellons 140-acre main campus is three miles from downtown Pittsburgh, between Schenley Park and the Squirrel Hill, Shadyside, and Oakland neighborhoods, Carnegie Mellon is bordered to the west by the campus of the University of Pittsburgh. Carnegie Mellon owns 81 buildings in the Oakland and Squirrel Hill neighborhoods of Pittsburgh, for decades the center of student life on campus was Skibo Hall, the Universitys student union. Built in the 1950s, Skibo Halls design was typical of Mid-Century Modern architecture, the original Skibo was razed in the summer of 1994 and replaced by a new student union that is fully wi-fi enabled. Known as University Center, the building was dedicated in 1996, in 2014, Carnegie Mellon re-dedicated the University Center as the Cohon University Center in recognition of the eighth president of the university, Jared Cohon. A large grassy area known as the Cut forms the backbone of the campus, the Cut was formed by filling in a ravine with soil from a nearby hill that was leveled to build the College of Fine Arts building. The northwestern part of the campus was acquired from the United States Bureau of Mines in the 1980s, the sculpture was controversial for its placement, the general lack of input that the campus community had, and its aesthetic appeal
26.
Walter R. Okeson
–
Walter Raleigh Okeson was the coach of and played for the first all-professional football team, the 1897 Latrobe Athletic Association club. A few years later he became the head football coach for the Lehigh Mountain Hawks in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. His overall coaching record at Lehigh was 5 wins,6 losses and this ranks him 17th at Lehigh in total wins and 15th at Lehigh in winning percentage. Okeson was also an All-American end at Lehigh University, in 1897 he was a player-coach for the Latrobe Athletic Association and led the team to a 10-2-1 record. He was later named to the All Western Pennsylvania Team by The Pittsburg Times after the season, in 1898, he played for the Duquesne Country and Athletic Club. At the end of season, Okeson played for Duquesne against the 1898 Western Pennsylvania All-Star football team. Okeson was the chairman of the College Football Rules Committee for a time, after the death of Parke H. Davis in June,1934, Okeson became the editor of the annual Spaldings Official Foot Ball Guide. In the Guide, Davis, the editor, had compiled a list titled, Outstanding Nationwide and Sectional Teams. For several years, Okeson continued to add annual selections to this list, in the 1939 Guide, Okeson wrote, In that year, then, pro foot ball started with the two teams of the Latrobe Athletic Club and the Greensburg Athletic Club. I remember it rather distinctly, as I was engaged to coach the Latrobe team, I can truthfully say that I saw pro foot ball born and have watched its growth, at first spasmodic but of late years steady and successful. Et the schools and the colleges tend to the job of education, permit foot ball to hold its place as the greatest game ever devised for young men who love body contact, as the highlight in the college sports program. Walter R. Okeson at the College Football Data Warehouse
27.
Wayback Machine
–
The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
28.
Recreation Park (Pittsburgh)
–
Recreation Park was a sporting grounds and stadium located in what is today Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The stadium existed during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, during the parks heyday, the location was considered to be within Allegheny City, but in 1907, the entire municipality was annexed by its larger neighbor and eventually became Pittsburghs North Side. The field was the first National League home for the Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball and it also hosted many football games of the University of Pittsburgh of the NCAA. In November 1892, the park was the location of the first known American football game that included a professional player. There is only one photograph of the grounds in a baseball stadium configuration. However, several photos of later football games played there survive. Opened in 1865 as a center, the park was adapted for baseball use in 1867. Known prior to 1885 as Union Park, the stadium had a capacity of 2,500. After the Alleghenys moved a few blocks south in 1890, the main tenant became the Allegheny Athletic Association, beyond the turn of the 20th century, it was called the Pittsburgh Coliseum, in line with the cycling phase. The park was located within the blocks of Allegheny, Pennsylvania, in 2001, the Pittsburgh Steelers and Pirates built stadiums not far from this site. In the late 1860s and early 70s, no less than three local amateur baseball teams—the Enterprise Club, the Xanthas, and the Olympics—competed, most often at Union Park. In 1876 a professional Allegheny club played its first game against the Xantha club at Union Park and this club lasted for three years, playing mostly other squads from the northeast within the International Association, but occasionally taking on National League teams in exhibition games. One long remembered match took place in early May,1877, the 1882-organized Pittsburgh Alleghenys of the American Association moved from Exposition Park II to Union Park in 1884. The team posted a record of 18–37 at home that season, in 1887, owner William A. Nimick transferred the club into the National League, and on April 30, the Alleghenies defeated the Chicago White Stockings, 6–2 in front of 10,000 spectators. This was the first officially recognized contest of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise by the team, legend has it that, prior to that opening game of the 1887 season, Pittsburghs catcher Fred Carroll buried his pet monkey beneath home plate. On November 12,1892, the Allegheny Athletic Association football team hosted a game here against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club, the Allegheny Athletic Association won the game, which was the first in professional football. The team had hired Pudge Heffelfinger, a guard from Yale. In 1902, a Pirates-backed football team, the Pittsburgh Stars of the first National Football League, the Stars would go on to win the leagues only championship against the Philadelphia Athletics, 11-0 at the field
29.
Exposition Park (Pittsburgh)
–
Exposition Park was the name given to three historic stadiums, located in what is today Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The fields were used mainly for baseball and American football from c.1879 to c. The ballparks were located on the north side of the Allegheny River in Allegheny City. The city was annexed into Pittsburgh in 1907, which became the citys North Side, due to flooding from the nearby river, the three stadiums exact locations varied somewhat. The final version of the ballpark was between the sites of Three Rivers Stadium and PNC Park. In 1903, the incarnation of Exposition Park was the first National League ballpark to host a World Series game. Named for other expositions that would be there, including horse racing and circuses. Despite its reason for construction Exposition Park II was built closer to the River, the Alleghenys played at the second incarnation of the park until they moved to Recreation Park in 1884, which was several blocks north and out of the flood plain. While the Pittsburg Pirates were playing games at Recreation Park, owners John Beemer. Lennon of the Pittsburgh Burghers constructed a park near the former site of Exposition Park I and II. Exposition Park III included a wooden grandstand around the infield. Total capacity was about 10,000 spectators, the seats faced the Allegheny River and the Point. The Burghers played at the stadium during the 1890 Players League season— both the team and leagues only season in existence, on June 10,1890, Jocko Fields of the Pittsburgh Burghers hit the first home run at Exposition Park III. The Pittsburg Pirates moved to Exposition Park the following season, on April 24,1891, Fred Carroll hit the first home run by a Pirate in the stadium. Under the management of Fred Clarke the Pirates won the National League pennant in 1901,1902, after the 1903 season, Dreyfuss and Boston Americans owner Henry Killilea organized a best of nine game series to match the two pennant winners against each other. The first World Series held three games in Boston before moving to Exposition Park with the Pirates leading the series 2–1, on October 6,1903,7,600 people attended the first World Series game in a National League stadium—the Pirates won by one run. The following day 12,000 people attended the game, forcing spectators to stand behind a rope in the outfield. The Pirates lost three of four games at Exposition Park and eventually the Series, during a July 4,1902 doubleheader against the Brooklyn Superbas, an Allegheny flood caused water to rise to thigh level in center and right fields, and about head level in deep center
30.
Forbes Field
–
Forbes Field was a baseball park in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, from 1909 to June 28,1970. It was the home of the Pittsburgh Pirates Major League Baseball team, and the first home of the Pittsburgh Steelers. The stadium also served as the football field for the University of Pittsburgh Pitt Panthers from 1909 to 1924. The stadium was named after British general John Forbes, who fought in the French and Indian War, the US$1 million project was initiated by Pittsburgh Pirates owner Barney Dreyfuss, with the goal of replacing his franchises then-current home, Exposition Park. The stadium was made of concrete and steel in order to increase its lifespan, the Pirates opened Forbes Field on June 30,1909, against the Chicago Cubs, and would play the final game that was also against the Cubs on June 28,1970. The field itself featured a playing surface, with the batting cage placed in the deepest part of center field during games. Seating was altered multiple times throughout the life, at times fans were permitted to sit on the grass in the outfield during overflow crowds. The Pirates won three World Series while at Forbes Field and the original tenant, the Pittsburgh Panthers football team had five undefeated seasons before moving in 1924. Some remnants of the ballpark still stand, surrounded by the campus of the University of Pittsburgh, in 1903, Pittsburgh Pirates owner Barney Dreyfuss began to look for ground to build a larger capacity replacement for the teams then-current home, Exposition Park. Dreyfuss purchased seven acres of land near the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, adjacent to Schenley Park, with assistance from his friend, the low-priced land was selected so Dreyfuss could spend more on the stadium itself. Dreyfuss signed a contract that he would make the ballpark, of a design that would harmonize with the other structures in the Schenley Park district. The site was initially labeled Dreyfusss Folly due to its long distance—a 10-minute trolley ride—from downtown Pittsburgh, official Pirates records show that Forbes Field cost US$1 million for site acquisition and construction, however some estimates place the cost at twice that amount. Charles Wellford Leavitt, Jr. was contracted to design the stadiums grandstand, a civil engineer, Leavitt had founded an engineering and landscape architecture firm in 1897. He had gained experience in steel and concrete constructs while designing the Belmont, based on Dreyfuss architectural requirements, Leavitt presented a plan for Forbes Field—the only ballpark he would design. Initial work on the land began on January 1,1909, nicola Building Company built the stadium in 122 days and play began less than four months after ground was broken, on June 30. The facade of the stadium featured buff-colored terra cotta spelling out PAC for the Pittsburgh Athletic Company, the light green steelwork contrasted with the red slate of the roof. Some members of the press urged Dreyfuss to name the stadium after himself, however, the owner decided on Forbes Field, in honor of General John Forbes, who captured Fort Duquesne from the French in 1758 and rebuilt a new Fort Pitt at the site. In 1935, after Dreyfuss death, there was renewed media interest in renaming the stadium Dreyfuss Field, however, a monument to Dreyfuss was placed in center field just in front of the wall
31.
Three Rivers Stadium
–
Three Rivers Stadium was a multi-purpose stadium located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, from 1970 to 2000. It was home to the Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball, Built as a replacement for Forbes Field, which opened in 1909, the US$55 million multi-purpose facility was designed to maximize efficiency. Ground was broken in April 1968 and an oft behind-schedule construction plan lasted for 29 months, the stadium opened on July 16,1970 when the Pirates played their first game. In the 1971 World Series, Three Rivers Stadium hosted the first World Series game played at night, the following year the stadium was the site of the Immaculate Reception. The final game in the stadium was won by the Steelers on December 16,2000, Three Rivers Stadium also hosted the Pittsburgh Maulers of the United States Football League and the University of Pittsburgh Panthers football team for a single season each. After its closing, Three Rivers Stadium was imploded in 2001, a proposal for a new sports stadium in Pittsburgh was first made in 1948, however, plans did not attract much attention until the late 1950s. The Pittsburgh Pirates played their games at Forbes Field, which opened in 1909. The Pittsburgh Steelers, who had moved from Forbes Field to Pitt Stadium in 1964, were supporters of the project. For their part, according to longtime Pirates announcer Bob Prince, in 1958, the Pirates sold Forbes to the University of Pittsburgh for $2 million. The university wanted the land for expanded graduate facilities, as part of the deal, the university leased Forbes back to the Pirates until a replacement could be built. An early design of the stadium included plans to situate the stadium atop a bridge across the Monongahela River and it was to call for a 70,000 seat stadium with hotels, marina and even 100 lane bowling alley. Plans of the Stadium over the Monongahela were eventually not pursued, a design was presented in 1958 which featured an open center field design—through which fans could view Pittsburghs Golden Triangle. A site on the citys Northside was approved on August 10,1958, due to availability and parking space. The same site had hosted Exposition Park, which the Pirates had left in 1909, the stadium was located in a hard-to-access portion of downtown, making it hard in later years to get in before games and leave after games. Political debate continued over the North Side Sports Stadium and the project was often behind schedule, arguments were made by commissioner Dr. William McCelland that the Pirates and Steelers should fund a higher percentage of the $33 million project. Due to lack of support, however, the arguments faded, ground for Three Rivers Stadium was broken on April 25,1968. Due to the Steelers suggestions, the design was changed to enclose center field. Construction continued, though it became plagued with problems such as thieves stealing materials from the building site, in November 1969, Arthur Gratz asked the city for an additional $3 million, which was granted
32.
Heinz Field
–
Heinz Field is a stadium located in the North Shore neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It primarily serves as the home to the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League, the stadium opened in 2001, after the controlled implosion of the teams previous stadium, Three Rivers Stadium. The stadium is named for the locally based H. J. Heinz Company and it hosted the 2011 NHL Winter Classic between the Pittsburgh Penguins and Washington Capitals on January 1,2011. On September 10,2016 it hosted the Keystone Classic, which featured a renewal of the Penn State-Pitt football rivalry, setting a new attendance record at 69,983 people. Funded in conjunction with PNC Park and the David L. Lawrence Convention Center, the stadium was designed with the city of Pittsburghs history of steel production in mind, which led to the inclusion of 12,000 tons of steel into the design. Ground for the stadium was broken in June 1999 and the first football game was hosted in September 2001, the stadiums natural grass surface has been criticized throughout its history, but Steelers ownership has kept the grass after lobbying from players and coaches. Attendance for the 68,400 seat stadium has sold out for every Steelers home game, a collection of memorabilia from the Steelers and Panthers of the past can be found in the Great Hall. The Pittsburgh Steelers and the Pittsburgh Pirates shared Three Rivers Stadium from 1970 to 2000, after discussions over the Pittsburgh Pirates building a full-time baseball park, a proposal was made to renovate Three Rivers Stadium into a full-time football facility. Though met with negative reaction from Steelers ownership, the proposal was used as a position that would be used if discussions for a new stadium failed. In June 2001, the H. J. Heinz Company purchased the rights to the stadium. As per the deal, Heinz will pay the Steelers a total of $57 million through 2021, despite Heinz later announcing its acquisition of Kraft Foods Group to form Kraft Heinz Company in 2015, the stadiums name will remain known as Heinz Field. Originally, a tax increase was proposed to fund three projects, Heinz Field, PNC Park, and an expansion of the David L. Lawrence Convention Center. After the rejection of this proposal in a referendum, the city developed Plan B, similarly controversial, the alternative proposal was labeled Scam B by opponents. The Steelers pledge toward the new stadium was criticized for being too little, other local government members criticized the $281 million of public money allocated for Plan B. One member of the Allegheny Regional Asset District board called the use of tax dollars corporate welfare, the plan, totaling $809 million, was approved by the Allegheny Regional Asset District board on July 9,1998, with $233 million allotted for Heinz Field. Shortly after Plan B was approved, the Steelers made a deal with Pittsburgh city officials to stay in the city until at least 2031, the total cost of Heinz Field was $281 million. In order to accomplish this, HOK Sport used steel structurally and externally, the stone used in Heinz Fields design is artificial, in order to decrease cost. The Steelers and Panthers have their own rooms, which differ in size based on the amount of players each team is permitted to dress for each game
33.
UPMC Sports Performance Complex
–
The UPMC Sports Performance Complex is a multipurpose, multisport training, sports science, and sports medical complex of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. It is also unique in that it combines these training facilities in one location with an academically based sports science, the UPMC Sport Performance Complex was designed by the architectural firm L. D. Astorino Associates, Ltd. The MRI room had to be encased in five layers of plate, plus a sixth layer of copper. Fill was also brought in to raise the level of the land where the fields are by nine feet in order to keep them out of the flood plain. S. The Center is overseen by renowned orthopedic surgeon Freddie Fu, which has led to it often being referred to as Freddies building, the full-time sports medicine team also includes sub-specialists in, sport psychology, sports nutrition, sports massage therapy, sports concussion and sports performance enhancement. The Center also conducts major injury prevention studies involving, for example, female knee ligament, shoulders, golf and it also serves as a research center for such areas as robotic surgery, stem cell tissue regeneration, concussion prevention and human motion. The center’s 6, 000-square-foot physical therapy and rehabilitation area is equipped for physical therapists. The program usually begins with advanced neuro-musculoskeletal assessment in the center’s Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, the Center also provides all of its services to many non-athletes with other types of musculoskeletal injuries related to physical activity. The 125, 000-square-foot indoor practice facility contains a full-size FieldTurf football field, surrounding track, a court. Located in a area of the indoor practice building is a 3. The 100, 000-square-foot Panthers/Steelers indoor training, coaching and management building is split evenly in half, on the building’s first floor are the teams’ weight training and athletic training rooms, locker rooms, and a cafeteria-style kitchen and dining room. On the second floor are meeting and film viewing rooms, coaching and administrative offices. It additionally houses coaching and administrative offices as well as the Panthers academic support personnel. Each Panthers coach has their own meeting room for their positional players complete with video capabilities. Pitts locker room features 128 lockers which are personalized for each Panthers player, the Panthers weight room is furnished with the latest in training equipment and is utilized year-round for both offseason and in-season lifting regimens. The Steelers, along with their training facilities, have installed a library in tribute to the Steelers founder, outdoors, there are four side-by-side 80-yard-long football practice fields which are ideally situated for private practices and have viewing towers and lighting for evening sessions. Three of the fields are natural turf and one was outfitted with Sportexe synthetic turf in June 2007, in addition to being a major corporate sponsor of the teams, UPMC is the teams’ preferred health care and sports medicine provider. Injury evaluation, treatment and rehabilitation as well as UPMC’s Sports Performance Program all are available to the athletes on-site year round, health & Fitness UPMC Sports Performance Complex Center for Sports Medicine Virtual Tour Pittsburgh Panthers, UPMC Sports Performance Complex
34.
River City Rivalry
–
The River City Rivalry was an annual game played between former Big East rivals University of Pittsburgh and University of Cincinnati. The rivalry itself was brief, played annually from 2005. Before the rivalry was titled, the two played each other in 1921,1922,1979, and 1981. The rivalry went on hiatus, like many throughout the country, in the aftermath of the 2010–13 NCAA conference realignment. However, the two teams are scheduled to meet in a series for the 2023 and 2024 seasons. The Paddlewheel Trophy is the trophy that was created in 2005 when the Bearcats joined the Big East Conference to which the Pittsburgh Panthers already belonged. Prior to 2005, the teams had met previously on only four prior occasions, the trophy stands 46 inches tall and weighs 95 pounds. Mounted on the base is a brass, engine-room telegraph that is a working model that was set for use on a ship in Seattle. The face of the telegraph was redesigned with logos from both teams on either side that can light up. The lever can be pulled to the side of the school who has won which also causes the ringing of bells, the front includes a steel plate featuring a carved outline of Allegheny, Monongahela Rivers and Ohio River as it runs from Pittsburgh to Cincinnati. The 22 by 8.5 inches base is made out of Ipê wood, over 175 man-hours of design and labor went into its construction. The 2009 matchup between Cincinnati and Pittsburgh was described by one national columnist as the most fascinating game Ive ever seen, the game functioned as a Big East championship game, with Cincinnati entering first in the conference, and Pittsburgh at second. The Panthers had an early 31–10 lead, however, the kickoff was returned for a touchdown by Mardy Gilyard to make it a 31–17 game at halftime. Cincinnati completed the comeback, tying the game at 38 late in the 4th quarter, Pittsburgh running back Dion Lewis scored a touchdown with 1,36 left in the game, but a mishandled snap by Andrew Janocko prevented the Panthers from converting the extra point. The Bearcats then drove down the field and scored on a 29-yard touchdown pass from Tony Pike to Armon Binns with 33 seconds left, Bearcats kicker Jake Rodgers converted the extra point attempt, and Cincinnati held on to win 45–44. Following the game, Cincinnati rose to a #3 ranking in the final BCS standing while Pitt dropped to #17, the game has been described as one of the most crushing losses in the history of Pitt football
35.
Panthers of Pittsburgh
–
The mascot is generally referred to as the Pittsburgh Panther or Pitt Panther, while the costumed panther mascot is also named Roc. Up to 20 physical representations of panthers can be found in and around the universitys campus, the University of Pittsburgh adopted the Panther as its official animal and mascot on November 16,1909 at a meeting of students and alumni. When named the Western University of Pennsylvania, the university had been referred to by the nickname of Wup and athletic teams referred to as the Wups, a play on the schools abbreviation W. U. P. At this time, the university began the process of moving from what is now Pittsburghs North Side to its current location in the Oakland section of Pittsburgh. According to George M. P. Baird, who made the suggestion for the Panther as the universitys mascot, the Panther was the most formidable creature once indigenous to the Pittsburgh region. It had ancient, heraldic standing as a noble animal, the close approximation of its hue to the old gold of the Universitys colors, hence its easy adaptability in decoration. A costumed Panther character has made appearances at University of Pittsburgh athletic events for decades, the Panther mascot appears at various university events, both athletic and other. The oldest representations of panthers are four Panther statues that guard each corner of the Panther Hollow Bridge, giuseppe Morettis four cast bronze Panther statues created in 1897 guard each corner of Panther Hollow Bridge in Schenley Park adjacent to the Pitt campus. Panthers were once found throughout the region and became to symbolize it. These statues, and Panther Hollow, existed prior to the move by 1909 to Oakland which includes the neighborhood of Panther Hollow adjacent to the schools campus. Representations of Moretti statues were used in university logos. At one time, painting or defacing the Moretti sculptures was a form of vandalism committed by the fans of rival universities prior to the schools football games. A panther head spews water in this fountain located at the base of the Cathedral of Learning, joseph Gattoni did the Cathedrals stone work, although no information is available on whether he specifically worked on the fountain. This Panther outside the William Pitt Union is ten-and-a-half-feet long and was cast with a sleek and muscular tone in pure bronze by sculptor Miriani Guido in Parma, with one paw poised in the air, the panther is designed to appear ready to pounce on an unsuspecting enemy. The statue arrived on campus in May 2001 and was stored over the summer in a University warehouse until placed outside the William Pitt Union at the end of August 2001, a time capsule to be opened in the year 2051 was buried beneath the statue. This tradition was featured in a television advertisement for the 2012 Hyundai Tucson automobile. This Panther sits outside Gate A of Heinz Field across the Monongahela River from downtown Pittsburgh and it is based on the design by Thomas N. Mitrakos for the award for the Pitt Varsity Letter Club Awardees of Distinction. The statue,12 feet long is set on a granite base, paved in the stone around the base is an image of the Cathedral of Learning
